Un Intellectuel En Politique La Plume Et La Voix
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The Luxemburg Question at the Paris Peace Conference and After
THE LUXEMBURG QUESTION AT THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE AND AFTER by Sally MARKS At the Paris peace conference of 1919, the French and, to a lesser extent, the British considered the several questions concerning the western frontier of Germany as a single problem but historians have never done so, perhaps because work upon these questions at the conference was administratively scattered. There has been some historical examination of the minor territorial transfers from Ger- many to Belgium and exhaustive analysis of the Saar and Rhineland settlements but no attention whatsoever to the fourth piece of the puzzle, the problem of Luxemburg. British diplomatists at the con- ference well realized the potential connection between the Luxem- burg settlement and that of the Saar, while Belgian leaders were pain- fully aware of its relationship to the Rhineland regime but historians, for all their intensive study of the voluminous documentation of the conference, have neglected to trace the British failure to link the Luxemburg question to the other German frontier problems and the consequences of this failure. The oversight has probably occured be- cause Luxemburg's fate was ultimately, to the relief of the French and the dismay of senior British officials, examined independently of all other considerations and because most of the interest in Luxem- burg at the conference was generated by the Belgians who of course looked at the problem from a purely Belgian point of view. The chief Belgian objective at the peace conference was extensive revision of the 1839 treaties which had defined Belgium's borders and her international status. -
Emile Vandervelde
july 1933 Belgian Foreign Policy and the Nationalities Question Emile Vandervelde Volume 11 • Number 4 The contents of Foreign Affairs are copyrighted.©1933 Council on Foreign Relations, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction and distribution of this material is permitted only with the express written consent of Foreign Affairs. Visit www.foreignaffairs.com/permissions for more information. BELGIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND THE NATIONALITIES QUESTION By Emile Vandehelde AT AN early session of the Locarno Conference, which I as xL3k attended Minister of Foreign Affairs for Belgium, I to was JL JL had occasion remark that Belgian foreign policy absolutely independent in every respect. The statement was received the of Chan skeptically by representatives Germany, ? cellor Luther and Dr. Stresemann. Those gentlemen Dr. ? on Stresemann in particular may later have changed their to some extent. at minds For Geneva in 1926 Belgium joined with to Sweden in objecting the Anglo-French proposal that the award a of permanent seat on the Council of the League of Nations to a measure Germany should be in offset by the admission of Spain and Brazil. All the same, the view is still widely accepted in Ger many, and in other quarters too, that Belgium is bound hand and to same foot France, that she bears the relationship toward her that or Poland Jugoslavia does, and that the Franco-Belgian defensive never agreement of September 7, 1920, which has been formally constitutes a alliance of abrogated, military the pre-war type. In a Belgium itself, however, good half of the population is made up of Flemings who are in general unsubmissive, if not openly hostile, to French influence. -
Charles De Broqueville Réalisé Par L’Illustration En 1931, Le Comte Avec Sa Signature
Portrait offi ciel de Charles de Broqueville réalisé par L’illustration en 1931, Le comte avec sa signature. Offi cieel portret van Charles de Broqueville door « L’illustration » in 1931, Graaf Charles met zijn handtekening. de Broqueville Postel-Mol, 4 décembre Bruxelles, 5 septembre Postel-Mol, 4 december 1860 – Brussel, 5 september 1940 Lettre du 28 mai 1913 d’Albert Ier à Charles de Broqueville Brief van 28 mei 1913 van Albert I aan Charles de Broqueville, publié dans un article de La Libre Belgique du 24-25 avril gepubliceerd in een artikel van « La Libre Belgique » van 1965 page 2, à l’occasion de l’inauguration du monument 24-25 april 1965 blz 2, ter gelegenheid van de onthulling Broqueville, par le prince Albert. van het Broqueville-monument door prins Albert. 1860-1914 Charles de Broqueville, fi ls 1860-1914 Charles de Broqueville was aîné du baron Stanislas et de la comtesse Marie-Claire de oudste zoon van baron Stanislas en gravin Marie-Claire de Briey, passa son enfance dans le domaine familial de de Briey en bracht zijn jeugd door op het familiedomein Postel en Campine. te Postel in de Kempen. En 1885, son mariage avec la baronne Berthe d’Huart Zijn huwelijk met barones Berthe d’Huart in 1885 intro- l’introduisit dans la famille de Jules Malou. duceerde hem in de familie van Jules Malou. Il entra très tôt dans la vie publique. Conseiller communal Charles de Broqueville trad al heel vroeg toe tot de politiek. de Mol à vingt-cinq ans, conseiller provincial d’Anvers en Op vijfentwintigjarige leeftijd was hij gemeenteraadslid …ce peuple, même s’il était vaincu, 1886, il fut élu député de Turnhout en 1892. -
Soldados Para El Frente Soldados Para El Frente
111 111 1134-2277 ISSN: 2018. Madrid, Soldados para el frente Soldados para el frente Un golpe de Estado no necesita soldados ni voluntarios, tan sólo la correcta ejecución de un acto de fuerza. Pero en el tiempo de las masas es necesario convertirlo en masivo, en un plebiscito armado, en el que los voluntarios Coeditado por : Asociación de Historia Contemporánea y Marcial Pons Historia Asociación de Historia Contemporánea y Marcial : Coeditado por desempeñan un papel esencial de justificación y corroboración en cuanto el golpe se convierte en guerra. ISBN: 978-84-16662-59-3 111 Revista de Historia Contemporánea 9 788416 662593 2018 (3) 2018 (3) AYER 111/2018 (3) ISSN: 1134-2277 ASOCIACIÓN DE HISTORIA CONTEMPORÁNEA MARCIAL PONS, EDICIONES DE HISTORIA, S. A. MADRID, 2018 346 Ayer 111.indb 3 20/7/18 10:50 AYER está reconocida con el sello de calidad de la Fundación Española para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FECYT) y recogida e indexada en Thomson-Reuters Web of Science (ISI: Arts and Humanities Citation Index, Current Contents/ Arts and Humanities, Social Sciences Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports/ Social Sciences Edition y Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences), Scopus, Historical Abstracts, ERIH PLUS, Periodical Index Online, Ulrichs, ISOC, DICE, RESH, IN-RECH, Dialnet, MIAR, CARHUS PLUS+ y Latindex Esta revista es miembro de ARCE © Asociación de Historia Contemporánea Marcial Pons, Ediciones de Historia, S. A. ISBN: 978-84-16662-59-3 ISSN: 1134-2277 Depósito legal: M. 1.149-1991 Diseño de la cubierta: Manuel Estrada. Diseño Gráfico Impreso en Madrid 2018 346 Ayer 111.indb 6 20/7/18 10:50 Ayer 111/2018 (3) ISSN: 1134-2277 SUMARIO DOSIER SOLDADOS PARA EL FRENTE Lourenzo Fernández Prieto y Aurora Artiaga Rego, eds. -
Conseil Des Ministres. Procès-Verbaux Des Réunions
BE-A0510_002392_003402_FRE Notulen van de Ministerraad/Procès-verbaux du Conseil des Ministres (1916-1949). Agenda's en aanwezigheidslijsten/Ordres du jour et listes de présence (5.II.1916- 21.V.1931) / L. Verachten Het Rijksarchief in België Archives de l'État en Belgique Das Staatsarchiv in Belgien State Archives in Belgium This finding aid is written in French. 2 Conseil des Ministres. Procès-verbaux des réunions DESCRIPTION DU FONDS D'ARCHIVES:................................................................3 DESCRIPTION DES SÉRIES ET DES ÉLÉMENTS.........................................................5 Gouvernement Charles de Broqueville - 1916.................................................5 Gouvernement Charles de Broqueville - 1917...............................................20 Gouvernement Charles de Broqueville - 1918...............................................26 Gouvernement Gerard Cooreman - 1918.......................................................32 Gouvernement Léon Delacroix I - 1918.........................................................43 Gouvernement Léon Delacroix I - 1919.........................................................48 Gouvernement Léon Delacroix II - 1919........................................................69 Gouvernement Henry Carton de Wiart - 1920...............................................70 Gouvernement Léon Delacroix II - 1920........................................................74 Gouvernement Georges Theunis I - 1921......................................................88 Gouvernement -
Belgian Internationalists, the Great War and the Quest for Peace Daniel Laqua
Belgian Internationalists, the Great War and the Quest for Peace Daniel Laqua To cite this version: Daniel Laqua. Belgian Internationalists, the Great War and the Quest for Peace . Marie-Louise Pelus- Kaplan, Anne-Marie Bernon-Gerth, Liliane Crips et Nicole Gabriel. Être citoyen du monde. Entre destruction et reconstruction du monde : les enfants de Babel XIVe-XXIe siècles, Édition Université Paris Diderot, pp.135-150, 2015, 978-2-7442-0198-1. hal-01322633 HAL Id: hal-01322633 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01322633 Submitted on 27 May 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. DANIEL LAQUA1 BELGIAN INTERNATIONALISTS, THE GREAT WAR AND THE QUEST FOR PEACE In 1932, Henri Pirenne – widely renowned for his work on medieval towns – published the final part of his Histoire de Belgique. The first instalment of his magnum opus had appeared more than three decades earlier and tackled a period long before Belgium’s independent statehood, from Antiquity to end of the High Middle Ages2. It was only with volume VII that Pirenne finally reached the era since the Belgian Revolution of 1830. The account drew a wider picture of the country before the First World War. -
American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas D
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 7-21-2014 Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas D. Westerman University of Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Westerman, Thomas D., "Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 466. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/466 Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas David Westerman, Ph.D. University of Connecticut, 2014 This dissertation examines a group of American men who adopted and adapted notions of American power for humanitarian ends in German-occupied Belgium with the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB) during World War I. The CRB, led by Herbert Hoover, controlled the importation of relief goods and provided supervision of the Belgian-led relief distribution. The young, college-educated American men who volunteered for this relief work between 1914 and 1917 constructed an effective and efficient humanitarian space for themselves by drawing not only on the power of their neutral American citizenship, but on their collectively understood American-ness as able, active, yet responsible young men serving abroad, thereby developing an alternative tool—the use of humanitarian aid—for the use and projection of American power in the early twentieth century. Drawing on their letters, diaries, recollections as well as their official reports on their work and the situation in Belgium, this dissertation argues that the early twentieth century formation of what we today understand to be non-state, international humanitarianism was partially established by Americans exercising explicit and implicit national power during the years of American neutrality in World War I. -
AN UPHILL BATTLE Campaigning for the Militarization of Belgium, 1870-1914
AN UPHILL BATTLE Campaigning for the Militarization of Belgium, 1870-1914 - Nel de Mûelenaere - Belgium plays a minor role, if it is mentioned at all, in the annals of the previously unparalleled European militarization that led to the First World War. This article presents a more nuanced image of Belgium as a non-militarized state during these decades, by focusing on the attempts of the militaristic political lobby to expand Belgium’s military infrastructure. Between 1870 and 1914, Belgium was indeed the scene of an intense militaristic movement that, despite its high level of activism, quickly fell into oblivion. At the start of their campaigns, in which the main goal was the adoption of personal military service, the militaristic lobbyists were primarily military or ex-military functionaries. The main motivation for their campaign was improving the sense of military purpose that acted as a preparation for war. This changed fundamentally throughout the campaigns. The militarists steadily built up a civilian network and expanded their influence. This was a key factor in the successful dissemination of the idea that a reformed Belgian army was very much needed in order to avert external dangers. At the same time, civilian influence altered the militarists’ view of the societal role of the military. This reciprocal influence reduced the gap between the military and civilian worlds, and suggests the presence of under- acknowledged militarization processes in Belgium prior to World War One. 145 Campaigning for the Militarization of Belgium I. Introduction ment of army officials and prominent Liberals pursuing the goal of a more powerful Belgian army. -
Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan) -
Meesters Van Het Diamant
MEESTERS VAN HET DIAMANT ERIC LAUREYS Meesters van het diamant De Belgische diamantsector tijdens het nazibewind www.lannoo.com Omslagontwerp: Studio Lannoo Omslagillustratie: Grote Zaal van de Beurs voor Diamanthandel Foto’s: Beurs voor Diamanthandel Kaarten: Dirk Billen © Uitgeverij Lannoo nv, Tielt, 2005 en Eric Laureys D/2005/45/432 – ISBN 90 209 6218 3 – NUR 688 Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm, internet of op welke wijze ook zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. Gedrukt en gebonden bij Drukkerij Lannoo nv, Tielt Inhoud Dankwoord 9 Woord vooraf 11 Terminologische afspraken en afkortingen 15 1. Inleiding tot de diamantsector 23 Economisch belang van de diamantsector 23 Diamantontginning 24 Diamantbewerking 27 2. Ontstaan en ontwikkeling van machtscentra 35 De Beers en het Zuid-Afrikaanse kartel 35 Het Londens Syndicaat 38 De Forminière en het Kongolese kartel 41 Het Antwerpse diamantcentrum 48 3. Uitbouw van het Belgische overwicht – De diamantnijverheid tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog en de grote crisis 65 De eerste diamantdiaspora 65 Achteruitgang van Amsterdam 70 Contract tussen de Forminière en het Londens Syndicaat 71 Rol van de diamantbanken 75 Consolidatie van De Beers 82 4. De diamantsector, de opkomst van het naziregime en de nakende oorlog 87 Corporatisme in het interbellum 87 De Duitse nieuwe economische orde 91 Naziorganisatie van de Duitse diamantexploitatie 96 België, de vooroorlogse diamantsector en de anti-Duitse boycot 115 De Nederlandse ‘verdedigingsvoorbereiding’ 134 De Britse diamantcontrole en de Schemeroorlog 135 Amerikaanse diamantcontrole op de vooravond van Pearl Harbor 142 5. De grote uitdaging – De diamantsector tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog 147 Opgang van het industriediamant 147 Het fiasco van Cognac 151 De tweede diamantdiaspora 163 6 De Duitse greep op de Belgische diamantsector 178 Reorganisatie van de sector in België 203 6. -
APPENDIX Belgian and Polish Governments and Ministers Responsible for Education (
APPENDIX Belgian and Polish Governments and Ministers Responsible for Education ( Table A.1. Belgian governments and ministers responsible for education Minister Responsible Government Political Profi le Beginning End for Education Gérard Catholic, liberal, 31.05.1918 13.11.1918 Charles de Broqueville Cooreman socialist 21.11.1918 – 20.11.1918 Léon Catholic, liberal, 21.11.1918 17.11.1919 Charles de Broqueville Delacroix socialist 21.11.1918 – 02.12.1919 Léon Catholic, liberal, 02.12.1919 25.10.1920 Jules Renkin Delacroix socialist 02.12.1919 – 02.06.1920 Henri Jaspar 02.06.1920 – 19.11.1920 Henri Carton Catholic, liberal, 20.11.1920 19.10.1921 Henri Carton de Wiart de Wiart socialist 20.11.1920 – 23.10.1921 Henri Carton Catholic, liberal 24.10.1921 20.11.1921 Henri Carton de Wiart de Wiart 24.10.1921 – 20.11.1921 Georges Catholic, liberal 16.12.1921 27.02.1924 Paul Berryer Theunis 16.12.1921 – 10.03.1924 Georges Catholic, liberal 11.03.1924 05.04.1925 Paul Berryer Theunis 11.03.1924 – 05.04.1925 Aloys Van Catholic 13.05.1925 22.05.1925 de Vyvere Prosper Catholic, 17.06.1925 11.05.1926 Camille Huysmans Poullet socialist 17.06.1925 – 11.05.1926 Henri Jaspar Catholic, liberal, 20.05.1926 21.11.1927 Camille Huysmans socialist 20.05.1926 – 22.11.1927 This open access edition has been made available under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license thanks to the support of Centre for Contemporary and Digital History at the University of Luxembourg. Not for resale. -
De Vervolging Van De Belgische Vrijwilligers in De Spaanse Burgeroorlog, 1936-1939 Omtrent De Rol Gespeeld Door De BWP En De Autonomie Van De Rechterlijke Macht
DE VERVOLGING VAN DE BELGISCHE VRIJWILLIGERS IN DE SPAANSE BURGEROORLOG, 1936-1939 Omtrent de rol gespeeld door de BWP en de autonomie van de rechterlijke macht RUDI VAN DOORSLAER * DE SPAANSE BURGEROORLOG KAN DOORGAAN ALS DÉ CONFRONTATIE IN DE JAREN 1930 TUSSEN DE DOMINANTE IDEOLOGISCH-POLITIEKE STROMINGEN VAN ERIC HOBSBAWMS ‘KORTE 20STE EEUW’. HET WAREN DE STROMINGEN DIE ZOWEL TER RECHTER- ALS TER LINKERZIJDE DE 19DE EEUWSE LIBERAAL-BURGERLIJKE DEMOCRATIE WENSTEN TE BEKAMPEN. HET SPAANSE CONFLICT DOOR- KRUISTE ZOWEL STATEN ALS BEVOLKINGSGROEPEN EN VERKREEG NOG TIJDENS DE GEBEURTENISSEN ZELF, OOK IN BELGIË, EEN GROOT SYMBOOLGEHALTE. DE MEEST IN HET OOG SPRINGENDE ICONEN ERVAN WAREN DE VRIJWILLIGERS DIE NAAR HET IBERISCH SCHIEREILAND TROKKEN OM HUN ZAAK MET DE WAPENS TE VERDEDIGEN. DE BELGISCHE OVERHEID VERKLAARDE ZICHZELF ‘NEUTRAAL’ EN WENSTE TEZELFDERTIJD DE GRONDVESTEN VAN DE BURGERLIJKE DEMOCRATIE IN STAND TE HOUDEN. IN DIT KORTE BESTEK GAAN WIJ NA HOE EN WAAROM ZIJ ZICH TEGEN DE SPANJEVRIJWILLIGERS KEERDE, IN WELKE POLITIEKE CONTEXT DEZE REPRESSIE TE SITUEREN VALT EN WAT DIE ONS LEERT OVER DE RELATIE TUSSEN DE UITVOERENDE EN DE RECHTERLIJKE MACHT. I. Inleiding o ongeveer gelijktijdig met het uitbreken van de burgeroorlog in Spanje, medio juli Z1936, formuleerde de minister van Buitenlandse zaken Paul-Henri Spaak voor het eerst de Belgische neutraliteitspolitiek 1. In het kader van deze nieuwe oriëntatie in het buitenlands beleid van België, sloot de regering zich op 15 augustus 1936 ook aan bij het Niet-Interventiecomité (NIC) dat in Londen was opgericht en begin september 1936 aan zijn werkzaamheden begon. Van bij het uitbreken van de burgeroorlog hadden Duitsland en Italië belangrijke, zoniet doorslaggevende, hulp geboden aan de rebellerende militairen rond generaal Franco.