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Why Taiwanese Companies and Foundations Donate to Public WHY TAIWANESE COMPANIES AND FOUNDATIONS DONATE TO PUBLIC COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN TAIWAN: AN INVESTIGATION OF DONATION INCENTIVES, STRATEGIES, AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES A dissertation submitted to the Kent State University College and Graduate School of Education, Health, and Human Services in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Hsien Hong (Joe) Lin December, 2009 © Copyright by Hsien Hong (Joe) Lin 2009 All Rights Reserved ii A dissertation written by Hsien Hong (Joe) Lin B.S., National Chung Hsing University, TaiChung City, Taiwan, 1994 M.B.A. Western International University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 1999 Ph.D., Kent State University, Ohio, USA, 2009 Approved by _________________________, Director, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Mark A. Kretovics _________________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Eunsook Hyun _________________________, Member, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Kenneth Cushner Accepted by _________________________, Interim Director, School of Foundations, Leadership Shawn Fitzgerald and Administration _________________________, Dean, College and Graduate School of Daniel F. Mahony Education, Health, and Human Services iii Lin, Hsien Hong (Joe), Ph. D., December, 2009 Higher Education Administration and Student Personnel Affairs WHY TAIWANESE COMPANIES AND FOUNDATIONS DONATE TO PUBLIC COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN TAIWAN: AN INVESTIGATION OF DONATION INCENTIVES, STRATEGIES, AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES (335 pp.) Co-Directors of Dissertation: Mark A. Kretovics, Ph.D. Eunsook Hyun, Ph.D. The purpose of this investigation was to build the blueprint of Taiwanese public higher education’s fundraising. This study applied three surveys (NSH, NSC, and NSF) to three populations’ samples (public universities, corporations, and foundations in Taiwan) as well as qualitative interviews toward these three populations in order to explore Taiwan’s private organizations donations to higher education institutions. After fifteen months of data collections, this researcher obtained thirty-five samples out of fifty-five public universities, 151 survey samples and twenty-seven interview participants for Taiwanese corporations, and ninety-nine survey samples and twenty-one interview participants for Taiwanese foundations. The findings in this study suggested that corporations in Taiwan were inclined to give funds to public universities with the capacity to improve or strengthen companies’ benefit-obtaining potential; foundations in Taiwan have an affinity for supporting public higher education institutions with the function to enhance or perform social justices and values for them. The investigation data suggested that Taiwanese public universities’ fundraising people should balance their institutions in different field developments in order to further extend or outreach funding sources in diversity. Acknowledgment This dissertation was supported by many people’s assistance and contributions. I am not able to clearly list all of them here. My parents, Ken-Wang Lin (林根旺) and A-Mei Hsu Lin (林徐阿梅), and my wife, Jing Zuo (左靜), are my most loyal supporters in emotional and economic sources. Especially for my wife, I thank her for experiencing the long and boring process of studying with me. In the academic training, thanks to all of the committees of the comprehensive examination and the dissertation for considerately and patiently teaching, helping, and disciplining me. They are Dr. Mark Kretovics, Dr. Eunsook Hyun, Dr Kenneth Cushner, Dr. Mark Lyberger, and Dr. Ralph Walman. Here, I solely combine their wisdom, intelligence, efforts, and love into this rich dissertation. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 The Significance of Fundraising in Public Higher Education in Taiwan ................. 3 Public Higher Education in Taiwan ....................................................................... 3 Change in Taiwan’s Educational Policy ................................................................ 5 Competition among Universities for Financial Resources .................................... 8 Desire for Campus Autonomy and Flexibility ....................................................... 9 Pursuit of Excellence ........................................................................................... 11 Decreasing Birth Rates and Future College Enrollment ...................................... 13 Research Problem ................................................................................................... 17 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................... 18 Research Questions ................................................................................................. 19 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................ 19 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE................................................................................. 21 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 21 The Nature and History of Fundraising .................................................................. 23 The Nature of Fundraising ................................................................................... 23 Philanthropic Perspectives on Fundraising ....................................................... 24 Taxation and Fundraising ................................................................................. 25 Legal Perspectives on Fundraising ................................................................... 26 Public Relations Perspectives on Fundraising .................................................. 27 Multicultural Perspectives on Fundraising ....................................................... 28 Growing Internationalization of Nongovernment Organizations ..................... 30 Government Reduction and NGO Increase in Roles and Functions in the Third Sector .......................................................................................... 31 History of Fundraising ......................................................................................... 32 Ancient Fundraising .......................................................................................... 33 Influence of Ancient Religion ........................................................................ 33 Medieval Times ............................................................................................. 33 The 17th Century and afterwards ................................................................... 34 Fundraising in the USA before 1900 ............................................................... 35 Fundraising in the USA after 1900 .................................................................. 36 v Era of Nonspecialists ..................................................................................... 37 Era of Fundraising Consultants ...................................................................... 38 Era of Transition ............................................................................................ 39 Era of Staff Fundraisers ................................................................................. 40 Fundraising in Higher Education in the USA ......................................................... 41 Before 1900: Informal, Personalized Fundraising ............................................... 42 After WWII: Rise of Professional Leadership ..................................................... 43 Fundraising in Taiwan ............................................................................................ 45 Legislation of Fundraising in Taiwan .................................................................. 45 Fundraising in Religion........................................................................................ 47 Fundraising in Politics ......................................................................................... 48 Fundraising in Education ..................................................................................... 49 Fundraising in Times of Disaster ......................................................................... 50 Current Fundraising Strategies and Methods in Higher Education in Taiwan .... 51 Endowment Funds ............................................................................................ 54 Targeting Alumni of High-Technology Programs ............................................ 55 Enterprise Diagnosis Clinic .............................................................................. 56 Overseas Fundraising ........................................................................................ 56 Venture Capital Funds ...................................................................................... 56 Related Higher Education Fundraising Research in Taiwan and the USA ............ 56 Size of Fundraising Staffs ...................................................................................
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