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Material Culture of the Chinese Diaspora and Their Family in Taiwan

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Material Culture of the Chinese Diaspora and Their Family in Taiwan Lost Homelands Reinvented: Material Culture of the Chinese Diaspora and Their Family in Taiwan by Yang-Yi KUO BSc Zoology, National Taiwan University, 1999 M. Arch I, Tunghai University, 2004 MA Material and Visual Culture, University College London, 2007 A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of PHD in the Department of Anthropology Yang-Yi KUO, 2018 University College London I, Yang-Yi KUO confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. Abstract This research delves into the everyday practice of the now-elderly Waishengren, the Chinese diaspora in Taiwan, who retreated from China to Taiwan after World War II. The thesis compares and contrasts how Waishengren and their family, either from mainland China or the island of Taiwan, make sense of dwelling in Taiwan for more than a half century, and how they define their relationship with other (imagined) ethnic groups in Taiwan through material culture. This is re- vealed by (1) interviewing Waishengren and their families; (2) phenomenologi- cally describing public and domestic space; (3) investigating the (in)significance of homes and homelands to them, and (4) exploring the way the Waishengren situate themselves in a time of emerging ‘Taiwanese statehood’. Semi-structured interviews with 40 households were conducted in LN Village in Hsinchu City of Northern Taiwan, and photographs, maps, spatial diagrams, floor plans, selected socio-spatial data and archives are exhibited and analysed in order to further understand how the Chinese diaspora and their family construct multiple identi- ties through homes and potted-plant gardens in contemporary Taiwan. Key Words: Chinese diaspora, home, garden, identity, juancun, material culture, Taiwan, Waishengren 1 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................... 1 Table of Contents ................................................................................................ 2 List of Figures ..................................................................................................... 9 Prologue ........................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 1 Uncovering the Chinese Diaspora in Taiwan ............................... 21 1.1 Global and Chinese Diasporas .................................................... 22 1.1.1 What is diaspora? ................................................................. 22 1.1.2 Chinese diaspora: The old and the new ............................... 24 1.1.3 Chinese diasporas: The multiplicity ...................................... 27 1.1.4 Identity and Place ................................................................. 29 1.2 Taiwan the Complicated .............................................................. 30 1.2.1 The island and its people...................................................... 30 1.2.2 Waishengren and their identity struggle ............................... 34 1.2.3 Waishengren as diaspora by Cohen’s typology .................... 40 1.2.4 Juancun: Its rise and fall ....................................................... 48 1.3 Understanding Juancun ............................................................... 55 1.3.1 Research of Waishengren and Juancun............................... 55 1.3.2 The fieldwork site ................................................................. 56 2 1.3.3 The methodology .................................................................. 58 1.3.4 The thinking .......................................................................... 60 Chapter 2 Framing Reflections on Fieldwork ............................................... 63 2.1 Phenomenology: Describing Diasporic Space ............................. 64 2.1.1 A phenomenological approach ............................................. 64 2.1.2 A soundscape of a day in the village .................................... 66 2.1.3 Visible scenes and olfactory senses ..................................... 70 2.1.4 A reflexive summary ............................................................. 73 2.2 Ethnography: Becoming a Temporary Family .............................. 78 2.2.1 A ‘foreign’ wandering stranger .............................................. 78 2.2.2 Contact: home, family and identity ....................................... 80 2.2.3 Exchange: food, gifts, and things in return ........................... 87 2.2.4 A relational summary ............................................................ 92 2.3 Anthropology: Understanding Differences and Relationships ...... 95 2.3.1 An alien’s anthropology ........................................................ 95 2.3.2 Differences: age, gender and ethnic identity ........................ 96 2.3.3 Relationships: marriage, affinity and network ..................... 104 2.3.4 An analytical summary ....................................................... 111 2.4 Material Culture: Considering Land and Home .......................... 113 2.4.1 Perspective on things ......................................................... 113 3 2.4.2 Land and conflict ................................................................ 114 2.4.3 Things and houses ............................................................. 117 2.4.4 An expository summary ...................................................... 120 2.5 Preparing the Way ..................................................................... 120 Chapter 3 Grafting a Family Tree in Chituqi ............................................... 122 3.1 Terrains around LN Village ........................................................ 122 3.1.1 From military district to Qingda living perimeter .................. 123 3.1.2 Historical and geographical landscape ............................... 126 3.1.3 Demographical and culinary topography ............................ 133 3.1.4 Economic and industrial scenery ........................................ 138 3.2 Territories of LN Village ............................................................. 140 3.2.1 LN Village and its adjacent hamlets ................................... 140 3.2.2 East District and its boroughs ............................................. 145 3.2.3 An imagined community beyond LN Village: ...................... 149 3.3 Itineraries of LN villagers ........................................................... 150 3.3.1 Routing the Air Force Engineering Wing through history .... 151 3.3.2 Rooting families in memory and dwelling ........................... 154 3.3.3 The collapse of the village .................................................. 160 Chapter 4 Growing Material Culture in LN Village ...................................... 165 4.1 Planting Homes: the 10 Houses ................................................ 166 4 4.1.1 Some common characteristics ................................................. 167 4.1.2 The Hub House: The Bian house (cf. p. 365) ........................... 175 4.1.3 The Catholic House: The Jia house (cf. p. 369) ....................... 179 4.1.4 The Grocery House: The Wang house (cf. p. 372) .................. 181 4.1.5 The Family House: The Zheng house (cf. p. 374) .................... 183 4.1.6 The Storage House: The Chou house (cf. p. 377) ................... 185 4.1.7 The Flexible House: The Qian house (cf. p. 380) .................... 189 4.1.8 The In-Building House: The Guo house (cf. p. 383) ................. 191 4.1.9 The Portal House: The Chang house (cf. p. 386) .................... 193 4.1.10 The Vertical House: The Chen house (cf. p. 389) .................. 195 4.1.11 The Collectors’ Houses: The Fang house (cf. p. 392) ............ 198 4.1.12 Section Summary .................................................................. 200 4.2 Bifurcating Spaces: Rooms and the Objects within ................... 202 4.2.1 From opening to façades ......................................................... 202 4.2.2 The living room ........................................................................ 209 4.2.3 The photo................................................................................. 212 4.2.4 The cabinet, handicraft and furniture ....................................... 218 4.2.5 The TV ..................................................................................... 224 4.2.6 The shrine ................................................................................ 227 4.2.7 Other rooms ............................................................................. 233 5 4.3 Summary ........................................................................................... 238 Chapter 5 Sustaining the Shrivelling Life of LN Village .............................. 240 5.1 Housing Plants: the Greens and the Gardens ........................... 240 5.1.1 Living with the trees ................................................................. 242 5.1.2 Tending to the potted plants ..................................................... 245 5.1.3 Seeing the rockery as the world............................................... 252 5.1.4 Section summary ..................................................................... 258 5.2 Inhabiting Places: the Nooks and Crannies ..............................
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