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Russia's Europe, 1991–2016
Russia’s Europe, 1991–2016: inferiority to superiority IVER B. NEUMANN* As the Soviet Union fell apart, Russia opted for a foreign policy of coopera- tion with Europe and the West. The following 25 years saw an about-turn from cooperation to conflict. In 2014, having occupied the Crimean peninsula, it aided and abetted an insurgency against the central authorities in neighbouring Ukraine. In 2015, it left the Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe and began a military buildup along its entire western border. In 2016, it came to the aid of its ally Syria in a way that brought it directly into conflict with western powers. There are a number of ways of accounting for such sea-changes in foreign policy. Some studies set out to explain Russia’s foreign policy by analysing the country’s place in the international system, most often in geopolitical terms.1 Clearly, one reason for Russia’s about-turn is the state’s difficulty in dealing with the downsiz- ing in territory and resources that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the more marginalized place within the state system in which Russia found itself as a result. Other studies aim to demonstrate how Russian foreign policy is deter- mined by structural domestic changes such as bureaucratic in-fighting, the motives of political leaders and so on.2 Such factors are always important in understanding how specific foreign policy decisions come about. A third literature traces the influ- ence of ideas.3 Given that actions depend on how people think about the world, * I thank Amanda Cellini, Minda Holm and Sophie Meislin for assistance and my reviewers for comments. -
Political Leaders in Africa: Presidents, Patrons Or Profiteers?
Political Leaders in Africa: Presidents, Patrons or Profiteers? By Jo-Ansie van Wyk Occasional Paper Series: Volume 2, Number 1, 2007 The Occasional Paper Series is published by The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD). ACCORD is a non-governmental, non-aligned conflict resolution organisation based in Durban, South Africa. ACCORD is constituted as an education trust. Views expressed in this Occasional Paper are not necessarily those of ACCORD. While every attempt is made to ensure that the information published here is accurate, no responsibility is accepted for any loss or damage that may arise out of the reliance of any person upon any of the information this Occassional Paper contains. Copyright © ACCORD 2007 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISSN 1608-3954 Unsolicited manuscripts may be submitted to: The Editor, Occasional Paper Series, c/o ACCORD, Private Bag X018, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, Durban, South Africa or email: [email protected] Manuscripts should be about 10 000 words in length. All references must be included. Abstract It is easy to experience a sense of déjà vu when analysing political lead- ership in Africa. The perception is that African leaders rule failed states that have acquired tags such as “corruptocracies”, “chaosocracies” or “terrorocracies”. Perspectives on political leadership in Africa vary from the “criminalisation” of the state to political leadership as “dispensing patrimony”, the “recycling” of elites and the use of state power and resources to consolidate political and economic power. -
“Effective Followership” in the UK HE Sector Darren Paul Cunningham
‘Influencing Upwards’: A Phenomenological Study of “Effective Followership” in the UK HE Sector Darren Paul Cunningham Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2019 Lancaster University Management School Acknowledgements Thanks must go to Lancaster University’s Management School. In particular, I would like to express my personal gratitude to Professor David Collinson, Dr David Simm, and Dr Dermot O'Reilly who have afforded me their extensive experience, knowledge and patience. In the build-up to submitting this thesis, their contributions were invaluable. Sincere thanks extend to Jean Blanquet, in the University’s Library. Her assistance was instrumental, especially where some of the more rarely available or hard to find reading materials contributed significantly to the completeness of the literature review. Similarly, a debt of gratitude is afforded to Joan Paterson, whose skills in touch- typing helped tremendously. She so expertly transformed data from many digitally recorded interviews into written transcripts ready for analysis. Also, thanks are owed to my dear friend and fellow part-time PhD student Paul Robbins, who as I recall we met in the University’s car park on day one and stayed friends ever since. Paul was a great support throughout this incredible journey, and his wonderful sense of humour and the Indian meals we shared in the Bombay Balti in Lancaster will forever be fondly remembered. Thanks are also due to my family who have been there to support me. Firstly, my late father who has been an inspiration to me all of my life, so I dedicate my many years of academic endeavour to him. -
Political Leaders in Africa: Presidents, Patrons Or Profiteers?
Political Leaders in Africa: Presidents, Patrons or Profiteers? By Jo-Ansie van Wyk Occasional Paper Series: Volume 2, Number 1, 2007 The Occasional Paper Series is published by The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD). ACCORD is a non-governmental, non-aligned conflict resolution organisation based in Durban, South Africa. ACCORD is constituted as an education trust. Views expressed in this Occasional Paper are not necessarily those of ACCORD. While every attempt is made to ensure that the information published here is accurate, no responsibility is accepted for any loss or damage that may arise out of the reliance of any person upon any of the information this Occassional Paper contains. Copyright © ACCORD 2007 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISSN 1608-3954 Unsolicited manuscripts may be submitted to: The Editor, Occasional Paper Series, c/o ACCORD, Private Bag X018, Umhlanga Rocks 4320, Durban, South Africa or email: [email protected] Manuscripts should be about 10 000 words in length. All references must be included. Abstract It is easy to experience a sense of déjà vu when analysing political lead- ership in Africa. The perception is that African leaders rule failed states that have acquired tags such as “corruptocracies”, “chaosocracies” or “terrorocracies”. Perspectives on political leadership in Africa vary from the “criminalisation” of the state to political leadership as “dispensing patrimony”, the “recycling” of elites and the use of state power and resources to consolidate political and economic power. -
The Individual After Stalin: Fedor Abramov, Russian Intellectuals, and the Revitalization of Soviet Socialism, 1953-1962
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Columbia University Academic Commons The Individual after Stalin: Fedor Abramov, Russian Intellectuals, and the Revitalization of Soviet Socialism, 1953-1962 Anatoly Pinsky Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2011 © 2011 Anatoly Pinsky All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Individual after Stalin: Fedor Abramov, Russian Intellectuals, and the Revitalization of Soviet Socialism, 1953-1962 Anatoly Pinsky This dissertation examines the effort of Russian writers to reform Soviet socialism in the first decade after Joseph Stalin’s death. My departure point is the idea that the Soviet experiment was about the creation not only of a new socio-economic system, but also of a New Man. According to the logic of Soviet socialism, it was the New Man who would usher in the new socio-economic order by living out philosophical ideas in his everyday life. Under Khrushchev, Russian writers bestowed the New Man with even more power to build Communism. Stalin, the superhuman engine of historical progress, had died, giving ordinary citizens more agency, according to the contemporary discourse, to shape the future and overcome the consequences of his cult of personality. A new emphasis was placed on sincerity and the individual; and not only on fashioning the future, but also on understanding the details of the past and present. Among writers, a new importance was allotted to the diary, which was conceptualized as a space of sincerity, and as a genre that helped one grasp the facts of everyday existence and pen realistic representations of Soviet life. -
Leaderism’: an Evolution of Managerialism in Uk Public Service Reform
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9299.2010.01864.x ‘LEADERISM’: AN EVOLUTION OF MANAGERIALISM IN UK PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM DERMOT O’REILLY AND MIKE REED This paper argues that ‘leaderism’ – as an emerging set of beliefs that frames and justifies certain innovatory changes in contemporary organizational and managerial practice – is a development of managerialism that has been utilized and applied within the policy discourse of public service reform in the UK. The paper suggests that ‘leaderism’ is an evolution of entrepreneurial and cultural management ideologies and practices. An analysis of the articulation of leaderism with public service reform in the UK is presented. The paper problematizes the construals of leadership contained within these texts and reflects on their promotion of leadership as a social and organizational technology. ‘Leaderism’ is argued to be a complementary set of discourses, metaphors and practices to those of managerialism, which is being utilized in support of the evolution of NPM and new public governance approaches in the re-orientation of the public services towards the consumer-citizen. INTRODUCTION The central argument developed in the course of this paper is that ‘leaderism’ – as an emerging set of beliefs that frames and justifies certain innovatory changes in contem- porary organizational and managerial practice - is a development of managerialism and that it has been applied and utilized within the policy discourse of public service reform in the UK as part of the hybridization and evolution of NPM and new public governance practices in the public services. The paper substantiates this argument by undertaking an extensive and in-depth analysis of ‘leaderism’ – as both a set of emergent discourses about leadership and as a set of framing metaphors encapsulating ideas of the process of ‘leading change’ in the public services – through a quantitative lexical analysis and a qualitative critical discourse analysis of a corpus of UK central, health and education government texts from the 12-year period from 1997 to 2008 inclusive. -
Xenophobia, Freedom of Conscience and Anti-Extremism in Russia in 2014
SoVA CENTER FoR INFoRMATIoN AND ANALYSIS Xenophobia, Freedom of Conscience and Anti-Extremism in Russia in 2014 A collection of annual reports by the SoVA Center for Information and Analysis Moscow 2015 UDC 323.1(470+571)(082.1)”2014” Содержание BBC 66.094я43+66.3(2Рос),54я43 X44 X44 Xenophobia, Freedom of Conscience and Anti-Extremism in Russia in 2014: Vera Alperovich, Natalia Yudina A collection of annual reports by the SoVA Center for Information and Analysis; Calm Before the Storm? Xenophobia and Radical Nationalism in Russia, [Alperovich Vera, Sibireva Olga, Kravchenko Maria, Yudina Natalia / Ed. by and Efforts to Counteract Them in 2014 ..................................................... 5 Verkhovsky Alexander] – М.: SOVA Center, 2015. – 164 pp.: tables Summary ............................................................................................. 5 ISBN 978-5-98418-036-8 Criminal Manifestations of Racism and Xenophobia ............................. 8 Systematic Racist and Neo-Nazi Violence ................................8 This collection of reports summarizes all the major areas of work addressed by the SOVA Center for Information and Analysis in 2014, in a similar fashion to collections in previous years. Vandalism .................................................................................. 14 There are three reports on themes which have become traditional for the SOVA Public Activity of Ultra-Right Radicals ............................................... 15 Center in this collection: The first report addresses radical nationalism and hate crime, and the efforts of government and society to combat these phenomena. The second report Position on the “Ukrainian Question” ........................................ 15 addresses problems relating to freedom of conscience in contemporary Russia. The third report addresses the misuse and abuse of ‘anti-extremism’ measures. The reports are Consequences of These Differences updated versions of original texts on the SOVA Center website. -
Behind the Balaclavas of South-East Mexico
Library.Anarhija.Net Behind the Balaclavas of South-East Mexico Sylvie Deneuve, Charles Reeve Sylvie Deneuve, Charles Reeve Behind the Balaclavas of South-East Mexico lib.anarhija.net Contents 1 ................................ 3 2 ................................ 5 3 ................................ 8 4 ................................ 10 5 ................................ 14 6 ................................ 18 2 “Because those who are too quick to admire and who are suddenly convinced are rarely the salt of the earth”1 B. Traven, In The Freest State In The World, 1919, Insomniac Edition, Paris 1995. 1 In the Golden Age of ‘actually non-existing socialism’ journeys were organised to the countries of the radiant future. Believers were then invited to express their enthusiasm for a reality staged by the lords of the manor. In this way people visited the soviet socialism of the USSR, the Maoist socialism of China, the miniature social- ism of Albania, the bearded socialism of Cuba, the Sandinista so- cialism of Nicaragua, etc. Woe betide those who contested the ob- jective, scientific and unquestionable character of these fabricated realities. Until the day these systems collapsed. People thought they had seen but had seen nothing! Were lessons drawn from this? It would seem not! With a smile slung over their shoulder, people to- day again go off “to do revolutionary Chiapas” in convoys organist 1 Translators’ Note (T.N.): This is a translation from the French version. The English-language version, published in ‘The Kidnapped Saint and other stories’, reads: “Such speedy enthusiasms and speedily acquired convictions are seldom the salt to be used as seasoning in cases like these.” We prefer the above. The text continues: “The real need is not to persuade the great masses, to whip them up to flaming enthusiasm, to move them to adopt a resolution. -
An Air Force for an Era of Great Power Competition
AN AIR FORCE FOR AN ERA OF GREAT POWER COMPETITION MARK GUNZINGER CARL REHBERG JACOB COHN TIMOTHY A. WALTON LUKAS AUTENRIED AN AIR FORCE FOR AN ERA OF GREAT POWER COMPETITION MARK GUNZINGER CARL REHBERG JACOB COHN TIMOTHY A. WALTON LUKAS AUTENRIED 2019 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS (CSBA) The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s analysis focuses on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security, and its goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, security policy, and resource allocation. ©2019 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Gunzinger is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. Mr. Gunzinger has served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Forces, Transformation and Resources. A retired Air Force Colonel and Command Pilot, he joined the Office of the Secretary of Defense in 2004 and was appointed to the Senior Executive Service and served as Principal Director of the Department’s central staff for the 2005–2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). He served as Director for Defense Transformation, Force Planning and Resources on the National Security Council staff. Mr. Gunzinger holds an M.S. in National Security Strategy from the National War College, a Master of Airpower Art and Science degree from the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, an M.P.A. -
Chinese and Russian Information Warfare Approaches Against Nato
WARS BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: CHINESE AND RUSSIAN INFORMATION WARFARE APPROACHES AGAINST NATO Major John Southen JCSP 46 PCEMI 46 Solo Flight Solo Flight Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and do Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs not represent Department of National Defence or et ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Ministère Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used de la Défense nationale ou des Forces canadiennes. Ce without written permission. papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par le the Minister of National Defence, 2020. ministre de la Défense nationale, 2020. CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES JCSP 46 – PCEMI 46 2019 – 2020 SOLO FLIGHT WARS BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: CHINESE AND RUSSIAN INFORMATION WARFARE APPROACHES AGAINST NATO Major John Southen Word Count: 5,430 Nombre de mots : 5.430 1 WARS BEYOND THE BATTLEFIELD: CHINESE AND RUSSIAN INFORMATION WARFARE APPROACHES AGAINST NATO “A new type of war has emerged in which armed struggle has yielded its decisive place in the achievement of the military-political goals of the war to another type of struggle - the information one.” - Vladimir Kvachkov 1 INTRODUCTION This paper argues that NATO states must understand the ways in which China and Russia apply information warfare (IW) in order to deter, defend, and fight back in the information domain as a coherent and united Alliance. It examines the Chinese and Russian IW approaches against NATO states, and contrasts them to identify their common elements and differences. -
Patriotic Mobilisation in Russia
Patriotic Mobilisation in Russia Europe Report N°251 | 4 July 2018 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Patriotic Mobilisation Policies ......................................................................................... 2 A. Legislative and Institutional Framework .................................................................. 2 B. Education as an Instrument ...................................................................................... 7 C. Civil Society Agents of Patriotic Mobilisation ........................................................... 9 III. The Politics of Patriotism: How State and Grassroots Efforts Interact .......................... 11 A. Public Events and Historical Memory ....................................................................... 11 B. Grassroots Initiatives and Critical Patriotism ........................................................... 13 C. Patriotic and Nationalist Groups ............................................................................... 13 D. The Russian Orthodox Church and Cossacks ........................................................... -
Tilburg University State Ideology and Language in Tanzania Blommaert
Tilburg University State Ideology and Language in Tanzania Blommaert, Jan Publication date: 2013 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Blommaert, J. (2013). State Ideology and Language in Tanzania. (Tilburg Papers in Culture Studies; No. 80). General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 24. sep. 2021 Paper State Ideology and Language in Tanzania by Jan Blommaert© [email protected] © October 2013 State Ideology and Language in Tanzania Second and revised edition Jan Blommaert Preface to the second edition State Ideology and Language in Tanzania appeared in 1999 and summarized research done since 1985. That starting date is relevant: I was in Tanzania when Julius Nyerere stepped down voluntarily as President of Tanzania and handed the State House over to his successor, Ali Hassan Mwinyi. The new President promptly signed an agreement with the International Monetary Fund, thus terminating two decades of Ujamaa in his country and turning Tanzania into a free-market economy and, eventually, a nominal multiparty democracy.