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Cji0507-08-Working for Website.Indd crime&justice INTERNATIONAL July/August 2005 · Volume 21 · Number 87 Worldwide News and Trends Russia’s Special Forces: Corruption, Crime and Murder from the publisher Over the past fifteen years countless articles have been Secretary General of Altus Global Alliance, looks at the role produced regarding the rise of organized crime in the former of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the context of Soviet Union, depicting how crime, corruption, contract mur- development issues and, specifically, criminal justice reform. ders, extortion, and a wide range of other criminal activities What role should the ICC play in these issues and how can have become pervasive. an organization such as Altus Global Alliance play a part. Less known to the general public is the vast corruption Altus is a new organization bringing together members from and crime that occurs inside military forces in the former Brazil, Chile, India, Nigeria, Russia and the United States, to Soviet States and, importantly, the direct link this has in explore approaches to criminal justice reform. Awareness facilitating acts of terror. A glance at current events in Uz- of Altus came to us through our friends at the Vera Institute bekistan is a sufficient illustration of this. of Justice in New York, one of the founding members of the Graham Turbiville, a highly respected defense analyst, Alliance. We look forward to presenting you with more news has been following issues related to crime in the former of their work in the future. Soviet military for many years. Among his numerous publica- Finally, I close this issue’s message on a sad note. Paul tions is his 1995 piece, “Mafia in Uniform: The Criminaliza- Clare, professor emeritus of Sociology and Criminal Justice tion of the Russian Armed Forces,” a must-read for anyone at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh, passed interested in this topic. away quite suddenly on May 13. We have provided some In this issue of Crime and Justice International, Graham details of his long and successful career on page 33. I am brings us up to date on the developments within Russia’s pleased to have published his important book, Racketeer- Special Forces and how the continuing decline in discipline ing in Northern Ireland: A New Version of the Patriot Game and resources is fueling the threat of terrorism in the country. (1988). More than that, I was blessed to have known him. With a flurry of terror activity in recent years, including the He was a friend and he will be missed. We at CJI extend our tragedies at the Dubrovka theatre and the Beslan middle condolences to his family. school, there is a great need to understand the context within which events are occurring. Graham gives a fascinating look at the reality of Russia’s counter-terrorist efforts today. In our second article this issue, we go to the Demo- cratic Republic of the Congo where Philip Veerman, the first crime&justice INTERNATIONAL Crime & Justice International (ISSN 1096-8733) is Publisher Richard H. Ward published monthly (except August) by the Office of Editor-in-Chief Joseph D. Serio International Criminal Justice (OICJ) in cooperation [email protected] with the Criminal Justice Center at Sam Houston State University. Subscriptions are $59 for North Senior Editor Jane Buckwalter America and $89 for International. Address all Contributing Editors communications to: Office of International Criminal History Mitchel Roth Justice, PO Box 1819, Huntsville, Texas 77342-1819. Terrorism Adam Dulin Advertising rates on request. Technology Daniel Mabrey World in Brief Brett Finn Postmaster: send change of address to Office Books Gillian Dickenson of International Criminal Justice, PO Box 1819, Huntsville, Texas 77342-1819. Subscribers should Copy Editor Chris Fisher allow eight weeks for change of address; all queries Columnists Robert H. Stern concerning subscription problems or other matters; David Webb and unsolicited manuscripts should be sent to the Kathleen Kiernan address above. (OICJ is not responsible for lost manuscripts or photos.) Back issues are available Layout & Production Harriet Brewster for $6 each. CJI is printed in the United States. Layout Consultant Janine Serio COVER Copyright 2003, OICJ. Subscription Manager Shelia Gite Crime, corruption, and murder have been the Permission is granted to copy and quote Crime & This publication is available in microform from Justice International in connection with educational dominant theme in Russia since it emerged University Microfilms International. Call toll- and training activities. All other rights reserved. from the rubble of the Soviet Union nearly 15 free (800) 521-3044. In Michigan, Alaska and years ago. No part of society has been im- Opinions expressed in this publication do not Hawaii, call collect (313) 761-4700. Or mail necessarily represent the views of the Office of inquiry to University Microfilms International, mune from the trauma of searching for a new International Criminal Justice or the editors. 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. identity, including the military. Does Russia stand a chance against terrorism? 2 Crime & Justice International July/August 2005 Prof. Dr. Hans-Jörg Albrecht crime&justice INTERNATIONAL Director Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law Academic’s Arena Freiburg, Germany Corruption, Crime and Murder Undermine Counter-terrorist Efforts 4 by Graham H. Turbiville, Jr. Richard Allan, Esq. Professor of Law Should the International Criminal Court Brooklyn Law School also be a Development Agency? 17 Brooklyn, New York by Philip Veerman The Offending of Minority Ethnic Groups in Britain: Dr. André Bossard An Examination of Self-Report Studies 20 Secretary General (ret.) by Georgios A. Antonopoulos ICPO-INTERPOL Paris, France The Publisher’s Pullout Dr. Mark Galeotti Surviving Russian Prisons: Director Punishment, Economy and Politics in Transition 23 Organised Russian & by Laura Piacentini Eurasian Crime Research Unit Keele University Practitioner’s World Staffordshire, United Kingdom Investigator’s Notebook The Red Square - Moscow Journal: Blurring the Lines 27 Dr. Alexander Gorkin by Joseph D. Serio Professor of Law (ret.) Russian National Police Academy Identity Theft and SLIT Rings: Senior Investigator (ret.) An Unrecognized Yet Growing Cancer 29 Moscow City Police by Bruno Pavlicek table of contents Denver, Colorado In Memoriam - Paul Clare 33 Francesc Guillen Hidden in Plain Sight - Leadership in Blue 35 Secretariat for Public Security by Kathleen Kiernan Department of Interior On Watch - The Webb File 36 Barcelona, Spain Terrorism Dr. Toni Makkai Terrorism Profile - Pakistan: The BLA 37 Director Homeland Security Tracker 37 Australian Institute of Criminology Canberra, Australia Stern on Terrorism - Are We Having Fun Yet? 38 by Robert H. Stern Dr. Sean Malinowski Technology Sergeant Law Enforcement - Electronic Citations: Los Angeles Police Department The New Method of Writing Tickets 39 Los Angeles, California by Virginia Wilson Dr. Mamdooh Abdelhameed World in Brief 42 Professor, Police Sciences and Law World in Brief - In Focus Sharjah Police Government Pakistan: Where Crime, Nukes, and Terror Meet 43 United Arab Emirates At A Glance - Contract Killing in Russia 43 Dr. Changwon Pyo Books 45 Associate Professor, Police Science Perspectives Korean National Police University Seoul, South Korea Democracy and the International Criminal Court 47 by Renad Haj Yahya editorial advisory board Crime & Justice International July/August 2005 3 russia RUSSIA’S SPECIAL FORCES Corruption, Crime and Murder Undermine Counter-terrorist Efforts by Graham H. Turbiville, Jr. Special to CJI ussian outrage fol- tacular failures by Rus- Rlowing the September sian special operations 2004 hostage disaster at forces (SOF, in the apt North Ossetia’s Beslan U.S. military acronym). A Middle School No.1 was series of Russian SOF counter-terrorism mishaps, misjudgments, reflected in many ways and failures in the 1990s and continuing to the present have made throughout the country. the Kremlin’s special operations establishment in 2005 appear The 52-hour debacle re- much like Russia’s old Mir sulted in the death of space station – wired to- some 344 civilians, including more than 170 chil- gether, unpredictable, and dren, in addition to unprecedented losses of elite subject to sudden, startling Russian security forces and the dispatch of most of failures. the Chechen/allied hostage-takers themselves. It be- Russian police cor- came quickly clear, as well, that Russian authorities ruption, of course, has had been less than can- been an old, continuing did about the number of story – it has been a hostages held and the fact of life for years and a serious impediment to extent to which they were providing reliable public safety and promoting any prepared to deal with the public confidence in law enforcement. Russia’s situation. Amid grief, calls well-known problems with its crumbling, troubled for retaliation, and de- military establishment – and the abundant evidence mands for reform, one of of obsolescence and corruption in so many key areas the more telling reactions – had also come to define in terms of hardening the Armed Forces despite public perspectives ap- continuing plans for reform peared in a national poll taken several days after the and modernization. Other event. Some 54% of citizens polled specifically judged parts of the national security the Russian security forces and the police to be corrupt infrastructure had received and thus complicit in the failure
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