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Discover Your World 2020 Week 5 the Historic World

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Discover Your World 2020 Week 5 the Historic World Discover Your World 2020 Week 5 The Historic World This week we focus on the past. We will cover the history of geography in three different ways. First, we will look at the the inventions humans have made that have changed how they live, where they live, and how they explore their world. Second, we will learn about the locations where important historic events occurred. Finally, we will learn about many historic civilizations, where they ruled, and when they existed. What's new this year? 4 Historic Events and 2 Civilizations. What should you study to do well? Learn the names of different historical civilizations as well as their leaders and accomplishments. Be able to find them on the map. Know when they existed and what landmarks they may have built. Be able to name different technologies that influenced geography and when they were created. Know where important historical events occurred and how they changed the world. What will the categories be? Which came first? (Know which event, invention, or civilization in a list happened first) They were there (Recognize historic civilizations from their territory on a map) Which one doesn't belong? (Know which thing in a list doesn't fit with the rest) They built it (Know which civilization made different landmarks) Where did it happen? (Know where historic events occurred) Inventions (Recognize breakthroughs by description) Example Challenge Questions Which civilizations was united by Menes? What was capital to both the Byzantine and Ottoman Empire?s A Timeline of Inventions This list goes through many of the major human breakthroughs. Some will be obvious why they are important to geography, but others might make you wonder. Remember, geography is about both places and people, so inventions that allow cities to be formed, countries to expand, and people communicate are all important geographic breakthroughs. Discovery When? What? Tools ~2,600,000 years Humans build devices to make work ago easier. Control of Fire ~1,000,000 years Humans learned to use fire for heat ago and cooking Artwork ~40,000 years ago Cave paintings show that humans could represent their world abstractly and record their thoughts. Animal ~15,000 years ago Starting with dogs, humans learned Domestication to train and breed animals for work, food, and materials. Agriculture ~12,000 years ago Humans learned how to make farms, giving constant food and allowing them to build cities. Irrigation ~8,000 years ago By building systems to move water, humans could build more efficient farms to feed more people. Bronze Working ~6,500 years ago Metal tools lasted longer and could perform tougher jobs than other early materials. Discovery When? What? Potter's Wheel ~6,500 years ago Pottery allowed people to make containers to store food. Vehicle Wheel ~6,000 years ago Land transportation became easier when wheels allowed for rolling vehicles. Plow ~6,000years ago Broke up the ground more easily than hand tools to make agriculture more efficient. Written Language ~5,500 years ago Allowed people to record thoughts, preserving knowledge. Sailboat ~5,000 years ago Allowed for rivers to be used as a form of efficient transportation Papyrus ~5,000 years ago A lightweight, but fragile material for writing. Iron Working ~4,000 years ago Iron is a stronger material than bronze, allowing for better and longer lasting tools. Aqueduct ~4,000 years ago By transporting water long distances, cities could increase their water supply and grow larger. Seafaring Ship ~3,300 years ago Being able to travel the seas allowed humans to explore more of their world and set up trade with other civilizations. Coinage ~2,700 years ago Money systems simplify trading by making a single item that has universal value. Discovery When? What? Hardened Steel ~2,500 years ago Iron is vulnerable to rust. Steel is even more durable and doesn't rust. Cement ~2,500 years ago A material that can easily be shaped, many civilizations were made out of it. Paper ~2,200 years ago Light and relatively durable, paper was the recording material of choice for over 2,000 years Algebraic Zero ~600 AD First identified by Indian mathematician Brahmagupta, zero's properties advanced algebra. Compass ~1000 AD Magnetic forces helped explorers find their way. Experimental ~1020 AD Scientists of the Islamic Golden Age Methodology introduced the first systematic approach to study. Paper Money ~1050 AD Paper money both made currency easier to transport and introduced the idea of symbolic value to finance. Printing Press 1440 AD Considered by many to be the most important invention in history, the printing press spread information around the world by making books affordable and newspapers possible. Formal Scientific 1620 AD Every science utilizes the scientific Method method to study the world. Law of 1687 AD The foundation of classical physics as Gravitation described by Isaac Newton. Discovery When? What? Calculus ~1680 AD Calculus describes change, greatly expanding what we can do with math. Sextant 1731 AD This navigation tool improved sea travel. Using fuel to generate incredible power, Steam Engine 1775 AD the steam engine sparked the industrialization. Cotton Gin 1794 AD Made to process cotton, this invention lead to an increase in the slave trade. Vaccine 1796 AD By teaching the immune system to defend again illnesses, vaccines have saved lives and eradicated diseases. Train 1825 AD Trains made transportation across long distances faster and cheaper, expanding industrialization across countries. Combine 1835 AD This tool combined the function of Harvester many agricultural implements, increasing the efficiency of farmers. Anesthesia 1846 AD By blocking pain during surgeries, anesthesia allowed for painful medical procedures to be more comfortable and have far better success rates. Oil Refining 1856 AD Petroleum has become the world's most important fuel. Sewer System 1859 AD By safely disposing of human waste, cities can avoid filth and disease. Discovery When? What? Sterile Surgery 1867 AD There is little point of doing a surgery if a person dies from an infection. Sterilization is based on germ theory and makes modern medicine possible. Assembly Line 1867 AD This organized means of manufacturing made the most of industrial power. Telephone 1867 AD Telephones made conversations able to be held immediately and remotely. Combustion 1876AD Fuel burning engines lead to the Engine invention of the car which changed the way cities and countries were designed. Electrical Lines 1881 AD With the creation of power lines, the wonders of industrialization could be brought directly into people's homes. Refrigeration 1882 AD Portable coldness allowed for different foods to be kept fresh, completely changing the way we eat. Radio 1895AD The radio allowed for current information to reach huge audiences and changed popular culture. Air Conditioner 1902AD Air conditioners changed where people could live and work Chemical 1902 AD Without nitrogen fixation we could not Fertilizer feed everyone on our planet. Airplane 1903 AD Taking to the skies made transportation even faster with new routes possible. Discovery When? What? Television 1925 AD Transmitting video images changed entertainment and how people stayed informed. Penicillin 1928 AD This antibiotic has been used to treat many bacterial infections and illnesses. Nuclear 1945 AD Nuclear weapons completely changed Weapons warfare. Able to cause destruction beyond comprehension, nuclear weapons have been a threat to human existence since their creation. Integrated Circuit 1958 AD Computer chips are in everything in modern life and are the basic building block of most modern technology. Personal 1974 AD Early computers were huge machines Computer that needed their own room and could mostly perform specialized tasks. Making computers anyone could have spurred people to create programs to do things for regular people, from video games to social media. Mobile Phone 1983 AD Communication is effortless now that we can talk to almost anyone from almost anywhere. Public Internet 1989 AD Not since the printing press has there been such a huge change in the spread of information. The public internet allows anyone to access any information that anyone else wishes to make public, for better or worse. Historic Events Some are the great works of human history and triumphs of justice. Some are unforgivable crimes. Many are conflicts that boiled over to engulf entire countries and even continents. These historic events changed history and with it the geography of the world. The Unification of Egypt Where: Egypt When: 2686 BC What Happened?: Menes united upper and lower Egypt under a single government. What Changed?: Egypt became a major regional power in the Middle East and Mediterranean. Their society was responsible for many of the world's early breakthroughs in science and architecture. Some world firsts and near firsts of Egypt include irrigation, writing, papyrus, the calendar, and the sailboat. The Code of Hammurabi Where: Babylonia When: 1758 BC What Happened?: King Hammurabi created a written set of laws. What Changed?: For the first time a society has a clear set of rules and consequences. With written laws societies can because more predictable and stable, with a government based on principles rather than just the will of those enforcing the laws. Confucius Writes the Analects Where: China When: ~500 BC What Happened?: The speeches influential philosopher Confucius were recorded and reproduced What Changed?: Confucianism became the dominant philosophy of imperial China, shaping one of the largest and most advanced civilizations in the world. Confucianism inspired systems like civil service and merit-based hiring that emphasized worker skill and helped to make the government more efficient. The Peloponnesian War Where: Greece When: 431 BC What Happened?: The two most powerful city-states in Greece fought a war What Changed?: Athens and its unique democratic government had been the most powerful force in the region before being defeated by Sparta.
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