Introduction

Welcome to Book Basic Tutorials!

This book is packed with useful tutorials for self-publishers working in InDesign. Now you have all the tutorials from Star Print Brokers, in one handy reference. Over the years, we’ve had lots of questions and provided much help to authors, publishers, book designers, and self-publishers.

Each tutorial was created to help with common problems for thse new to book design. It is a primary publishing tool.

How-to Tutorials You will learn how to professionally set-up your book. Learn: • How to set-up and submit book files for printing on press. • How to get color right on press. First, get the color right in your files. • Dive deep into the most common subjects related to book printing on press.

We created this book for you! We are always happy to discuss the intricacies of printing with our clients. You should have a basic knowledge of InDesign and Photoshop. We do not give lessons, but are here to talk to you in more detail about your book and the many custom options we provide.

Happy Publishing! Na ncy Nancy Starkman

Copyright 2018 Star Print Brokers, Inc. | All Rights Reserved.

2 Table of Contents

1 Book Sizes 2 Foreword, Preface & Introduction 3 Running Headers and Footers 4 Book Design with InDesign 5 The Book Jacket Template 6 Hardcover Cover Wrap 7 Softcover Book Cover Layout 8 Endpapers or Endsheets 9 Spot Color, Process Color, CMYK 10 CMYK to Pantone Ink Matching 11 What Does Resolution Mean? 12 Resolution & Effective Resolution 13 Duotones 14 Spot Varnish Files 15 Bleeds and Printers Marks 16 Prepress Guide 17 Making PDFs 18 Sending InDesign Files 19 Ebook Preparation 20 CMYK Ink, SWOP, Sheetfed & WebPress 21 Get a Quote https://www.StarPrintBrokers.com/quote

3 Basic Book Tutorials. InDesign and Book Set-up for Self-Publishers, Authors, and Book Designers

PRINT |​ PUBLISH | SELL for More Profit https://www.starprintbrokers.com/quote Book Sizes 1

Book Sizes Explained for Self-Publishers

BOOK SIZES AND CHOICES IN PRINTING Book sizes are an area of confusion, so let’s sort through it. We will explain standard sizes, but with Star Print Brokers, you can print any nearly any dimensions, landscape or portrait.

Dimensions, Width by Length Typically, when self-publishers ask about standard book sizes, they are referring to the dimensions of a book versus the page count. That is the width by the length. The width is called out first, so you can also say that a book is 8.5” x 11” landscape, instead of 11” x 8.5”. The orientation is either portrait, landscape, or square.

HARDCOVER VERSUS SOFT COVER DIMENSIONS Soft Cover Book Dimensions When describing the dimensions of a soft cover or paperback book, it is straight forward. If the text block, which in this case means all the interior pages, is 5.5” x 8.5”, the soft cover is applied to the text block and trimmed to the same dimensions. The dimensions of the book are still 5.5” x 8.5”.

5 Hardcover Book Dimensions Let’s use the same example with a text block that is 5.5” x 8.5”. The hard case of a hardcover book holds this text block. Because the boards of the hard case are larger than the text block, the dimensions of the hard case are slightly larger. The increased size varies by manufacturer. Fortunately, you don’t have to worry about this until designing the cover wrap and dust jacket. We still say the dimensions of this hardcover book are 5.5” x 8.5” even though the boards are larger.

“ Star Print Brokers prints nearly any custom book sizes needed by self- publishers. All of our books are custom manufactured.

PRINT-ON-DEMAND (POD) DIMENSIONS

POD service providers are usually outputting books — a few copies at a time — or even one-off. They also can do short runs. These are not high-quality options. But, if you have a soft cover book where color is not important, as in a novel, POD is not a bad option.

Because everything is structured and mass produced at POD service providers, standard book sizes need to be adhered to. Sizes differ among service providers. Generally, they fall back on sizes that have been typical in the industry. The POD books and their sizes are generally driven by paper sheet dimensions.

THE FOLLOWING STANDARD BOOK SIZES BELOW, ARE INCOMPLETE EXAMPLES AS THEY VARY SO MUCH BY SERVICE PROVIDER. • Digest 5.5” x 8.5” • US Trade 6” x 9” • Small Square 7.5” x 7.5” • Square 8.5” x 8.5” • Comic Book 6.625” x 10.25” • US Letter 8.5” x 11”

HOW STAR PRINT BROKERS BOOK SIZES ARE DIFFERENT

We print nearly any custom book sizes needed by self-publishers. Books are all printed on press, and printed in signatures. Star Print Brokers often prints 12” x 12” books and other large format book sizes.

6 We also print landscape oriented books. Printing on press with SPB has fewer restrictions than POD.

Most of the time, we can print almost any book dimensions that your want. Since we don’t have standard book sizes, the best way to find out if we can print the dimensions you want is to ask, or request a quote.

We suggest that the book should be compiled in InDesign. We also provide book design services, if needed.

7 Foreword, Preface & Introduction 2

Foreword, Preface, Introduction, and Acknowledgement explained for Self-publishing Authors.

FOREWORD, PREFACE, INTRODUCTION & ACKNOWLEDGMENT The foreword, preface, introduction, and even the acknowledgement in a book are often a source of confusion for new self-publishing authors. Let’s explain what they are, how they are different, and where they are placed in a book. This will help you to have a well- constructed book.

FIRST THINGS FIRST

Before the foreword, preface, and introduction, are the title page, copyright page, dedication, and table of contents. This content and pages are considered to be part of the front matter. Front matter is numbered with Roman numerals: i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc. If you choose to do an acknowledgment page, it is generally page 1 of the text, other wise you will begin with chapter 1 on page 1. All pages in the text of a book are numbered with Arabic numerals: 1, 2, 3, etc.

FOREWORD

Note the spelling! It is a foreword, not a forward, meaning words that come in the forefront of a book. It is a right-hand page.

8 “ Note the spelling! It is a foreword, not a forward!

The foreword comes before a preface and / or the introduction. A foreword is written by someone other than the author. For instance, we printed Brilliant Waters by author and photographer, Elizabeth Carmel. The foreword was written by the famous actor and director, Robert Redford.

PREFACE

The preface is written by the author. If there is a foreword, the preface follows it. The author can write about their method of research or their reasons for writing the book. Acknowledgments may also be included here if not in a an acknowledgments page with would follow the preface.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

If there is a stand-alone acknowledgment page, it should also be a right-hand page. You may also include your signature of initials on this page. It should be flush right.

INTRODUCTION

The introduction is also a right-hand page, but as stated previously, usually goes in the text of a book, and not the front matter. The content should be about the book rather than the subject matter.

Very often, authors with books in Microsoft Word. But, if you are writing an illustrated children’s book, coffee table book, cookbook, or photography book, it is best to use InDesign. We also offer book design services.

9 Running Headers and Footers 3

Running Headers and Footers Explained RUNNING HEADERS AND FOOTERS ARE PARTS OF A BOOK. LEARN HOW YOU CAN USE THEM EFFECTIVELY. Running headers and footers are displayed at the top and bottom of pages. The running head is at the top of the page and the running foot is at the bottom. They can contain the title of the book, page numbers, a part of a book, a chapter, a section, or any other reference point. They are on most, but not all pages.

RUNNING HEADERS AND FOOTERS PLACEMENT

There are particular pages where it is accepted practice not to place running headers and footers. The title page and copyright page for instance. It looks cluttered.

“ Like many book designers, I have a tendency to over design. I always take a fresh look at my design, and take away what is not necessary. This applies to anything I create, as well as the design of running headers and footers.

The title page of a chapter need not have them either, but most other pages of a book should give the reader some guidance as to where they are in the book they are reading.

10 DETAILED OR NOT ...

Think about functionality for the reader.

Children's picture books and board books need not have any running headers and footers. The exception would be a book with many pages. Then, you would want to put just a page number.

Novels and most other books with have a stationery folio (page number) and header or footer consisting of the book title on the left hand page. The right-hand page would be the chapter number or chapter title, depending on how the book is organized by the author.

Books with weighty subject matter should consider using the left-hand page for the chapter, and the right-hand page for each individual section.

Highly detailed manuals or reference books could use the left-hand page for the sections, and the right-hand page for specific material on the page or pages.

THE MECHANICS OF CREATING RUNNING HEADERS AND FOOTERS

The more detailed the book, the more work it is to create running headers and footers.

Start by looking though other books that are similar in size, content, and perhaps subject matter of the book you are designing. Decide what is functional for the reader. Then determine what is necessary for the book design. There is no hard and fast rule about whether to use headers, footers, or both. Just remember that the material in the book should dominate, not the running heads and footers. They are only a functional and / or ornamental guide for the reader.

In InDesign, I create a book first. Then, I create the sections or chapters within the books. If compiling a novel without images, this might not be necessary. I tend to deign a lot of photography books, art book, and coffee table books. They all have many high resolution images, so it helps to break a book up into manageable sections.

I set up masters, and then apply the masters to pages. I hope this guide helped, but remember, you can hire us to design your book for you, complete with running headers and footers!

11 Book Design with InDesign 4

InDesign Book Tutorial. Instructions for book layout. INDESIGN BOOK TUTORIAL FOR SELF-PUBLISHING AUTHORS AND GRAPHIC DESIGNERS. The InDesign book tutorial is for self-publishers and graphic designers who are new to creating a book using Adobe InDesign. InDesign is a page layout application. It is for book design as well as brochures, singles pages, magazines, etc. Designers are sometimes uncertain as to how to set-up documents for books. This InDesign book tutorial provides the basics for book and document set-up. It specifically pertains to printing books on press with Star Print Brokers. Enjoy the InDesign book tutorial!

FIRST, THE INDESIGN BOOK TUTORIAL BASICS ...

Here is a list of the files you will need to create for the most common book binding styles.

Soft Cover Book • Book file • Book file documents • Cover - front, back, spine, and flaps, if you want • Spot varnish (if applicable)

12 Hardcover with Material Cover Wrap • Book file • Book file documents • Blind and / or foil stamp • Endpapers • Book dust jacket (optional) • Spot varnish (if applicable)

Hardcover with Print Cover Wrap • Book file • Book file documents • Print on press cover wrap • Endpapers • Book dust jacket (optional) • Spot varnish (if applicable)

“ The InDesign book tutorial will save time and possibly troubleshooting the files later on.

CREATE A FOLDER FOR THE BOOK AND ALL DOCUMENTS BOOK FILE 1. Choose File > New, Select Book. 2. Name the Book, and Save it to the folder. preserving the file name extension .indb. 3. The book panel will appear. 4. Click the upper right corner and you will see where you will be able to Add Documents, or you can click on the “+” symbol on the bottom of the book panel.

BOOK FILE DOCUMENTS 1. Choose File > New, Select Document. 2. Name the first document. A suggestion is to call this Front Matter. Select settings including page dimension and orientation. If the pages bleed, set the bleed setting to 0.125” or 3 mm. Save it to the folder and add it to the book. 3. Name the documents. A suggestion is Chapter 1, Chapter 2, or the topics. Use the same settings for each new document. Save them to the folder and add them to the book.

13 4. There may or may not be a last document. If so, call it Back Matter. If so, Save it to the folder and add it to the book.

MATERIAL COVER WRAP The material cover wrap is what glues down to the boards of a hardcover book. It is a separate file. We will provide the cover and spine measurements once the final page count is determined. Usually, a material cover wrap file is not made. Instead, a blind or foil stamp file is for the design, with the measurements we supply. The material may be cloth, linen, or a faux cloth, linen, leather or suede. We have many choices.

PRINT COVER WRAP Like the material cover wrap, the print cover wrap glues down to the boards. It has precise dimensions and margins depending on the size of the book, paper weight, and the page count. It is a separate file. We provide the measurements once the final page count is set. An example that everyone can readily identify with is a children’s book. They invariably have a cover wrap that prints. Sometimes they have a loose fitting dust jacket as well. Cover wrap and dust jacket are two different files.

BLIND AND / OR FOIL STAMP When using a material cover wrap, a blind or foil stamp is generally standard. It should be made in black and white. From the file you provide, we make a die to stamp the material for a blind stamp. A foil is optional. We have many colors and finishes. We ask you to provide the stamp for the spine, as it can be in the same typeface used for the title. It is not plain black letters!

14 ENDPAPERS The endpapers are a separate file from the text files contained in the book. Do not put the endpapers in the text block file. We have an InDesign book tutorial just for endpapers. If there is no printing on the ends.

BOOK DUST JACKET (OPTIONAL) The dust jacket is a separate file. We have an InDesign book tutorial just for dust jackets.

SPOT VARNISH (IF APPLICABLE) Finally, a spot varnish can print over the images in a fine coffee table book or photography book. It is not a mandatory file. If you choose spot varnish, there is an additional cost, so please make sure we know about it so we can add it to the quote. The spot varnish file is a separate file from the text files of the book. Do not put the spot varnish file in the book. We have an InDesign book tutorial just for spot varnish.

15 The Book Jacket Template 5

Book jacket template tutorial for Printing on Press.

BOOK JACKET TEMPLATE – A TUTORIAL. We explain the technical set-up for a book jacket template for a dust jacket when designing to print on press. Star Print Brokthers has quite a few self-publishers who print books with us. They need for a measurement template to lay out their dust jacket. We’ll discuss technical layout.

IMPORTANT: You may want the actual design template to use for your book’s design, and they vary by printer or on-demand supplier. Our templates are all custom, and we supply the measurements to our clients.

FIRST, LET’S GET OUR TERMS RIGHT ... Cover wrap There are cloth or faux material cover wraps and printed paper cover wraps. Hardcover books can be bound with a printed paper cover wrap, cloth, or a number of other materials.

A cover wrap is the printed paper or material that is glued to the boards of a hardcover book. There is extra margin that extends beyond the cover. This margin wraps over the top, bottom, and outside edges of the book. It is then glued to the inside front and back covers.

16 Dust jacket — Standard or French Fold Styles A dust jacket is a loose paper that folds around the bound book. The dust jacket flaps are tucked into the front and back cover. We manufacture standard and French fold style dust jackets.

The French fold dust jacket is extra special, and addition most often to premium quality books. While a cover wrap is integral to the construction of a hardcover book, a dust jacket is optional.

“ We provide our clients the custom measurements for their specific book title.

A BOOK JACKET TEMPLATE, ALSO CALLED A DUST JACKET TEMPLATE, IS CREATED FOR EACH TITLE

Yes, we know you would like a to instantly download a book jacket template. But, it just doesn’t work that way, and here is why ...

Variables for each book: • book dimensions, like 8.5 x 11, etc. • page count • spine width • thickness of text pages • thickness of boards for a hardcover book • the printer

Yes, even the printers have different standards they use internally. Each shop uses board that extends out beyond the text page on a hardcover book. Since we use several of the best printers, we will get you the details for your book jacket template when specifications and quotes are finalized.

GOOD NEWS ... YOU DON’T HAVE TO WORRY ABOUT THE DETAILS!

Instead, our clients can just give us their final specs, and we’ll take care of sending you the final measurements in the form of a book jacket template. It won’t be in InDesign, but it will give you all the details you or your designer will need to set up your dust jacket in InDesign.

17 Send us your final specs for: • book dimensions, like 8.5 x 11, etc. • page count

Optionally, you can request:

• a flap width for the two flaps, like a 4 inch flap

Most self-publishers and designers leave it up to us, but you can request a width. We hope this clears up questions and your understanding of a book jacket template. But, if you have any questions at all, please don’t hesitate to contact us.

18 Hardcover Cover Wrap 6

Learn to layout a Book Cover Wrap correctly in InDesign. BOOK COVER DIMENSIONS FOR HARDCOVERS. SETUP FOR BOOK COVER DIMENSIONS, FOR THE COVER WRAP, IN INDESIGN

Book cover dimensions ... we are getting technical here, but find that book cover dimensions are a source of confusion. Let’s slog through it together.

Hardcover book cover dimensions may differ among printers. A measurement template to use for book cover dimensions is needed for any hardcover book. Ask for measurements, or template, from the printer that will print the books. The cover file is a separate InDesign file from the actual text pages.

COVER WRAP IS NOT THE SAME THING AS A DUST JACKET!

Cover wrap example. See the yellow cover wrap? It is often confused with a dust jacket.

This page is about the cover wrap only. See the yellow cover wrap in the photograph to the right.

19 There is a cloth cover wrap and printed cover wrap. A dust jacket is a loose paper that folds around the book, and the flaps are tucked into the front and back cover of a book. We manufacture standard and French fold styles.

Hardcover books can be bound with a printed paper cover wrap, cloth, or a number of other materials. A cover wrap is the printed paper or material that is glued to the boards of a hardcover book. There is extra margin that extends beyond the cover. This margin wraps over the top, bottom, and outside edges of the book. The cover wrap then glues to the cover, and to inside front and back covers.

The endsheets, also called ends or endpapers, will glue to the inside front and back cover. The ends cover the margins.

WORKING WITH HARDCOVER BOOK COVER DIMENSIONS

When a hardcover book is 9” x 11”, we are stating the dimensions of the page. The boards extend out farther than the pages. That measurement can be slightly different depending on the printer or bindery.

If a book is 9” x 11”, the cover wrap file span the front and back cover, spine, and extra margin. The margin folds over the boards and will glue to the inside covers.

In the USA, book designers are typically working in units of inches. However, in Europe and Asia, we work with millimeters. So, here is what we need you to do. Let’s say we are still working with that 9” x 11” hardcover book. We will send you a template that shows the book measurements in millimeters.

SETUP THE DOCUMENT WITH THE COVER WRAP MEASUREMENTS / TEMPLATE

Let’s look at these book cover dimensions. The measurements depend on the page count and thick of paper stock and boards. Let’s assume we supply a template to you for a 9” x 11”, 196 page book. In millimeters, it will look similar to the following.

Note: On the next pink shaded diagram, you will see that the book cover dimensions are not to scale. The 3 mm adds to the outside edge as if it were a bleed. It is not. Instead, it is the fold over the thickness of the boards.

20 . LET’S TRANSLATE THIS INTO AN INDESIGN DOCUMENT TO PRINT

1. Either right click on the rulers to change to millimeters, or go to Edit > Preferences > Units & Increments. Change the horizontal and vertical to millimeters. Click OK. 2. Under File > Document Setup, set the width to 532.45 mm, and the height to 322 mm. Ignore the Bleed and Slug settings. 3. Then go to Layout > Margins and Columns. The diagram should a 15 mm margin plus a 3 mm fold over on all four sides. Enter 18 mm in top, bottom, inside, and outside. Notice that the spine measurement on the diagram is 20.45 mm. In the same dialog box, set the number of columns to 2, and the gutter to 20.45 mm. 4. We still need to account for the 3 mm fold cover, so we will do that with the guidelines. Just left click on the rulers to drag guidelines. They should be set to 3 mm less than the margins. That little 3 mm space is to show the top, bottom and sides of the boards. The InDesign layout will look like the following. It is to scale for this book size.

The Layout in InDesign:

21 The Extension of Background Art: The background needs to extend all the way to the outside margins. The cover wrap is folded over the boards and glued down.

The PDF with Printer’s Marks: After the PDF is made, this is what the Cover Wrap PDF will look like.

The Graphics that is Glued to the Front cover, Back cover, and Spine: The cover of the book as seen on the finished physical book, will end (fold over the board) at the pink lines. The rest of the background is folded over the boards and hidden from view.

22 Soft cover Book Cover Layout 7

Book Cover Layout – Soft Cover Book BOOK COVER LAYOUT EXPLAINED FOR SOFT COVER BOOK. THEY ARE CREATED IN INDESIGN. MEASUREMENTS FOR PAPERBACK BOOK COVER LAYOUT AND HOW TO READ THEM

A book cover layout is essential when printing a book. Soft cover books, also called paperbacks, and hardcover books require different layout measurements. Star Print Brokers will supply the measurements in the form of a diagram. We first need to verify the page dimensions, page count, and paper weight. The reason we need to verify paper weight is because of the spine width. It depends on how many pages are in the book, and paper thickness. The cover file is a separate InDesign file from the actual text pages.

WORKING WITH SOFT COVER / PAPERBACK BOOK COVER LAYOUT MEASUREMENTS

The book cover layout for a soft cover book is fairly straight forward. If the book measures 8.5" x 11", the cover file will measure 17" x 11", plus the width of the spine. If the cover bleeds, then under File > Document Setup, include 0.125" in all four boxes in the bleed settings. Ignore the Slug settings. Note that the bleed may also be set at 3 mm, which is very close to an eighth inch.

23 In the USA, book designers are typically working in units of inches. However, in Europe and Asia, we work with millimeters. So, here is what we need you to do. Let's say we are still working with that 8.5" x 11" book. We either send you a template that shows the book measurements in millimeters, or we tell you the millimeter width of the spine.

The spine width for your book is 15 mm. Either right click on the rulers to change to millimeters, or go to Edit > Preferences > Units & Increments. Change the horizontal and vertical to millimeters. Click OK.

Go to File > Document Setup again, or right click on the rulers. You will see that the width is 431.8 mm wide x 279.4 mm tall.

Since we are adding 10 mm to the spine, change the width to 446.8 mm. The dimensions of the cover document are now correct.

But, we still need to make sure of the exact placement of the spine Take a look at the measurement template we sent. The over all width is 446.8 mm x 279.4. While working in inches, left click on the side ruler to drag a blue guideline to 8.5". Go back to working in millimeters. Note that the guide was just placed at 215.9 mm. Drag another guideline to 230.9 mm. That adds the 15 mm spine width! Now you have your soft cover document that shows where to place the back cover art, spine art and front cover art.

“ Here is a shortcut for book cover layout. Set your overall width including the spine, as we did above. But, instead of placing the guidelines, go to Layout > Margins and Columns. Change the number of columns to 2 and the gutter to 15 mm.

24 Endpapers OR ENDSHEETS 8

Endpapers or Endsheets – An InDesign Guide ENDPAPERS OR ENDSHEETS NEED NOT BE A SOURCE OF CONFUSION. Endpapers that will print on press, are a fine and relatively inexpensive enhancement. They add an elegant finishing touch to hardcover books of all types. The right color or design can help to make your book unique and especially attractive.

TRADITIONALLY, THE ENDPAPERS PRINT ON THICK UNCOATED PAPER

You may also wish to choose a specialty paper stock or even add a foil stamp or blind embossing as additional touches of style.

“ Endpapers are also known as ‘ends’ or ‘endsheets’.

The endsheet art should be presented as a separate file from the text. The proper preparation of the endsheets file often causes confusion among designers who are not very familiar with book design. While a simple one color end is easy to designate with just a 4C sample or a PMS code, there is a foolproof way to present the endsheets file no matter how complicated the content might be. This entails the creation of an eight page file that will be finally presented as 8 single pages with all printer’s marks (trim, 3mm bleed and color bars).

25 When laying out the eight pages in spreads in your design software such as InDesign, be sure that page one is a right hand page just as with your text.

THE 8 PAGE ENDSHEETS FILE IS COMPRISED OF:

Page 1. Glued to inside of front board (always blank) Page 2. Inside of front board (page 1 of front spread) Page 3. Facing front board (page 2 of front spread) Page 4. Facing first page of text block (blank if printing endsheets 4C/0C or 1C/0C) Text block lies between the front and rear endsheets Page 5. Facing last page of text block (blank if printing ends 4C/0C or 1C/0C) Page 6. Facing back board (page 1 of rear spread) Page 7. Inside of back board (page 2 of rear spread) Page 8. Glued to inside of rear board (always blank)

Presenting the final PDF in this manner eliminates any source of confusion for the printer regarding pagination of your endpapers.

This is how to Set-up the Document. Go to File > New, select Document.

26 Endpaper layout for InDesign.

27 Spot Color, Process Color, CMYK 9

Spot color, process color, CMYK InDesign Ink tutorial.

SPOT COLOR - PROCESS COLOR CMYK TUTORIAL Spot color and process color CMYK are fundamental elements in printing on press. In addition to knowing what these terms mean, you also need to know how to designate color in InDesign.

TERMS: SPOT COLOR AND PROCESS COLOR CMYK

Spot color is one ink for one ink tray on a printing press. Designers usually select a Pantone® ink. If only one spot ink is in use on press, the images will be one color, as will the text. You can use two or three spot color inks. Usually when you want four spot color inks, it’s best to use CMYK process color. The exception is, for example, if you have a logo color that does not reproduce well in process color. You need to print it in spot. You see, if you compare the same spot color next to process color inks, the print result may be different about half the time.

“ A company like Coca Cola has to have their signature red logo in spot color. It would not look like the same red in process color. Consistent branding is important for companies big and small!

28 Process color is CMYK and is the four inks used on a printing press. It is composed of: cyan, magenta, yellow and black. Color photographs are printed in CMYK process color. Then there are duotones, but that is another tutorial!

KNOW THE PAPER STOCK!

All we need to know about the paper stock is whether it is coated or uncoated. Books can be printed on either. The endpapers of a hardcover book are usually printed on uncoated stock, but not always. Ask us, or take a look at the quote we’ve provided.

INDESIGN SWATCH PALETTES

There are different InDesign library options that can be selected in the swatch palette. When printing on press, go to the swatch palette and select “New Color Swatch” from the pull down menu. But, wait — there is more — a lot more!

Using Spot color type and mode Color type: Spot Color mode: Pantone + Solid Coated or Pantone + Uncoated, depending on the paper stock used.

Using Process color, CMYK, type and mode Color type: Process Color mode: CMYK or other Pantone libraries. Use CMYK for instance, if you are picking a color out of a photograph with the eyedropper tool.

I use the library for coated or uncoated stock, depending on the stock being used. I also use the Pantone Color Bridge palettes in conjunction with Pantone swatch books. We have the entire physical library, so if you need a lookup, we are happy to oblige!

AN EXAMPLE OF SPOT COLOR VERSUS PROCESS COLOR CMYK USAGE: BLACK ENDPAPERS THAT ARE PRINTED IN COLOR

We recently had a question about printing black endpapers. But, the self-publisher wanted a nice, rich black. She did not them printed in solid black ink that is straight out of the black tray on the printing press. Color is subjective. But, we offer suggestions, if we are asked! The endpapers example is for a book that has uncoated endpapers.

29 If setting up for Spot Color, use: Color type: Spot Color mode: Select Pantone + Color Solid Uncoated from the pull down menu.

If setting up for Process Color CMYK, use: Color type: Process Color mode: While you can select CMYK, you might also select Pantone + Color Bridge Uncoated from the pull down menu.

Scroll all the way down to the bottom of the color list to find black inks. Pantone Black 2 UP through 7. UP = Uncoated Process.

Scroll all the way down to the bottom of the color list to find black inks. Pantone Black 2 U through 7. U = Uncoated.

There is so much more to write on the subject of spot color versus CMYK process color. We are leaders in the printing high-quality books, such as photography books, coffee table books, art books, and more.

30 CMYK to Pantone Ink Matching 10

CMYK to Pantone ink matching, and why Spot and Process do not often match. CMYK TO PANTONE INK MATCHING. CMYK to Pantone, so what do you know about it? Self-publishers often start with a website before they go on press with their book. The may select Pantone colors and look wonderful on screen. Then they print their book and wonder why the inks don't match their beautiful online color. Here is what is going on with the colors not matching.

CONVERTING CMYK TO PANTONE IS ABOUT UNDERSTANDING THE PANTONE COLOR BRIDGE

Converting Pantone to CMYK won’t match, unless you choose colors that are the same color on the monitor and in print. Take a look at the image on this post. See the color swatches circled in blue.

• For each swatch, the solid SPOT color (1 ink) is on the left. • The right side shows the PROCESS (4 inks).

Much of the time they won't match, and there is a difference when printing Pantone SPOT versus PROCESS color screen builds in CMYK.

31 HERE ARE THE TERMS TO UNDERSTAND FOR CMYK TO PANTONE COLOR

RGB is made up of Red, Green and Blue. These were the old colors of Cathode ray tubes in TV sets from years ago. RGB is still how we view color on computer monitors, TV, and movies. It has a wider array of colors than CMYK.

CMYK PROCESS is made up of cyan, yellow, magenta, and black. These are the four inks that pour into ink trays to print on press. These inks make up PROCESS color. We print books in process color. The array is much more limited than RGB.

Pantone SPOT inks are straight out of the ink can, and pour into a tray on press. A typical book is printed on a 6-color press. Typically, 4 trays are for cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. The two remaining ink trays are empty, and may be for a Pantone spot ink, or a varnish. A 5 or 6-color job will cost more than a typical 4-color process printing.

COST: Process CMYK is the easiest and most cost effective way to go to print.

ASK THE CMYK TO PANTONE EXPERTS

SOLUTION: Give us a call for a quote on the printing or design. If you commit to working with us, we will help you plan the colors to use on screen and in print, so they match, or are very close to matching CMYK to Pantone or vice versa.

In conclusion, we have a lot of skill and expertise, and we manufacture high-quality books. And as you can see, we understand color! So, you can also find out more about CMYK to Pantone ink matching at Pantone.

32 What Does Resolution Mean? 11

All about Resolution. WHAT DOES RESOLUTION MEAN? WHAT IS PIXELS TO INCHES? HOW ABOUT PPI RESOLUTION?

About ppi resolution, and pixels to inches. What does resolution mean anyway? Let’s look at resolution for high-quality book printing. We pride ourselves on our knowledge of fine, high-quality book printing. This also includes an understanding of resolution. We are going to look at resolution, pixels to inches, and how it may be useful online.

“ We ask for images that are 300 ppi resolution, AND at the size they will be when printed in the book.

WHAT DOES RESOLUTION MEAN?

In electronic imaging, it is how we measure quality in accurate image reproduction, by measuring the number of dots per inch.

Dots ... we used this word because before electronic imaging we used the number of dots per inch. Now you have the answer to “What does resolution mean?” But, there is more to understanding pixels to inches.

33 Previously, we used the term dpi, or dots per inch. Now it is correct to say ppi, or pixels per inch. If asked what does resolution mean, you have an answer.

HOW ABOUT PPI RESOLUTION?

Now you know the difference between ppi versus dpi. Let’s look at “ppi resolution”. This can apply not only to book production, but also to the size the image needs to be to appear on web pages, in posts, or social media. We don’t want images that are are too high in resolution, as it slows loading time, and it not necessary.

When people ask what does resolution mean, they also ask about 72 ppi resolution, or 92, or 300 ppi.

Typically, 72 or 92 ppi resolution is used online, and at the size the image will appear online. It you are printing an advertisement in a newspaper or magazine, check with your rep. The ppi will differ depending on paper used, press, etc. Newspapers are less than 300, and magazines are at 300 or less. Now, billboards ... talk to your rep!

We ask our clients to provide images at 300 ppi resolution for book printing. But, there is another important measure that is often overlooked. While the image must be 300 ppi or greater, it also must be at the size it will be when printed in the book. It can be larger.

We can use any size image, but it will print at 300 ppi resolution on press. It doesn’t need to be exact. In fact, if the images are too large in dimension and too high in resolution, it makes them cumbersome to work with when designing a book. Do you feel you understand “what does resolution mean?”

WHAT IS PIXELS TO INCHES?

You just have to remember how many pixels per inch are required to print on press, or to view an image on a monitor. That is all pixels to inches really is.

You can easily view images in Photoshop to see pixels to inches. Just change the setting.

INCREASING RESOLUTION “ There is no substitute for the original image as taken digitally or scanned. Do not artificially increase ppi resolution.

34 One of the biggest mistakes made is increasing the resolution in Adobe Photoshop. You can do it, but don’t. Why? Because Photoshop can’t create resolution in images that doesn’t exist.

Instead, they compensate by pulling a little bit of image from surrounding pixels. The result is muddy or out of focus. If you need to increase resolution, go back to the original image to see if you have a higher resolution version. Remember to check dimensions too.

We’ve designed books where original images were only 72 ppi resolution. Now, how can that work for 300 ppi resolution printing? It does work, because the images were 35 inches wide! They only needed to be a few inches wide on the printed page. By reducing them, we arrived at a acceptable effective resolution.

See how we switch from pixels to inches in this example in Photoshop

Either get out your calculator and do the math, or check out the Effective resolution in InDesign and the size in Photoshop.

Notice in this stock photo example, that the image size in Photoshop is 3.75 inches x 2.5 inches, or 900 x 600 pixels. (Just change “Inches” to “Pixels”.) It is 240 ppi resolution. To view in Photoshop, select Image > Image Size. This tells us that the image is too big for online, at that resolution, so you would need to adjust it. It looks like it would be pretty small if printed in a book.

35 Let’s hop over to our book layout in InDesign for a better look at answering the question, “What does resolution mean?” The page size is 11 inches x 11 inches in this example. The image dimensions are 3.75 inches x 2.5 inches. We placed the image and then we see how small it is when reduced to an acceptable effective resolution. The resolution changes to 302 ppi resolution, or ppi.

The solution may be to buy a larger image size if using stock photos, or to go back to your original image and see if you have a higher resolution version for the desired size when printed.

Here is what we see in InDesign. Actual 240 ppi resolution, and 332 effective ppi resolution.

What does resolution mean? What is meant by pixels to inches? How about ppi resolution? Have we answered your questions? Let us know if you have more questions!

36 Resolution & Effective Resolution 12

Photo Resolution and Effective Resolution explained for Self-Publishers and Book Designers. UNDERSTANDING PHOTO RESOLUTION. A TUTORIAL TO TEACH THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PHOTO RESOLUTION AND EFFECTIVE RESOLUTION. Photo resolution and effective resolution are subjects that self-publishers and designers may find confusing. There is a vast difference in reproduction of photos for print versus viewing online. Save time and money to prepare photos correctly for book printing production.

WHAT WE NEED TO PRINT YOUR BOOKS

Book printing requires photo resolution at 300 pixels per inch (ppi) or larger, and at the size the image will be when we reproduce it.

• Photo resolution is the actual resolution of an image. • Effective resolution is the resolution of an image after the dimensions are made larger or smaller to print on a page.

The effective resolution is the number to watch, and the one that counts. You can see in this image how just a 72 ppi photos can be used, because the dimensions are so large. When reduced, the effective resolution becomes 378 ppi. We need 300 ppi or greater.

37 WHY WEB IMAGES DON’T USUALLY WORK

An image meant for websites is seldom large enough for print production. When a web image is placed in InDesign, it has insufficient resolution. It needs to have smaller dimensions to achieve a higher photo resolution.

USE LOW PHOTO RESOLUTION IMAGES IF THE PHOTO DIMENSIONS ARE LARGE ENOUGH

Let’s say all your photos are 72 ppi, but they are a whopping 32 inches wide. It happens! This is where a little bit of math comes in, or just place the image in InDesign. Then, watch the effective resolution increase as you reduce the image to the page width, or smaller.

IMAGE FORMAT Images for web and monitors (always RGB): A PNG format is meant for websites. They are usually 72 to 96 ppi. While we can convert a PNG for the correct format for book printing, TIF or JPG, we cannot legitimately change the photo resolution.

Photoshop allows you to artificially increase the resolution, but do not do it It is called “rezing up”. Photoshop borrows a little bit from adjacent pixels. It cannot create photo resolution where there is none. There is still no substitution for the original scan or high resolution photograph.

38 Book printing and any high-quality printing (always CMYK): Use TIFs or JPGs. TIF is the preferred format as it is stable. If you are working in less than the full version of Photoshop, JPGs may lose resolution when saved. If saved repeatedly, it is even worse!

“ Just remember, there is no substitution for the original scan or high resolution photo.

A low res image may look sharp on your monitor, because everything looks good on a monitor that only needs 72 ppi. But, 72 ppi won’t print well. It will be pixilated.

Don’t forget to convert RGB images to CMYK, or we can do it for you at an extra cost.

PDF PROOFS LOOKS OKAY ON MY MONITOR. WHY?

Even a low-resolution image may look good in a PDF, an RGB digital output device, or a desktop printer. But, we need to have images that will print well on sheet fed presses, and at the correct effective resolution.

Having said all this, I have found that 260 ppi photo resolution will print okay. If we cannot decrease the photo dimensions, or find a higher resolution photo to use, then a 260 ppi photo might work for you. It is best to see it in full-color proofs. We provide one set of physical full color proofs in our printing quotes.

A LITTLE HISTORY ABOUT HOW PHOTOS WERE ONCE PREPARED FOR PRINTING

PPI (pixels per inch) is like dpi (dots per inch), literally meaning the number of dots or pixels in an inch.

39 Before digital images, we would convert a continuous tone photograph to a halftone. Adding dots to the images made them print with more varied tones. If dots were not added, the result was more black and white, without mid-tones, or even a dot pattern.

• Newspapers print on uncoated stock, so ink spreads into the paper fibers. The dot pattern is coarse with fewer dots. • Magazines print on coated stock. The dot pattern is finer with more dots, or higher photo resolution.

Because we are in the digital world, pixels are standard. But, dpi is still in our jargon and a holdover from decades before.

40 Duotones 13

Duotone Tutorial for Self-Publishers. DUOTONE STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS. A Duotone Tutorial for Self-Publishers. Photographers, you can learn how to create duotones for print production or to print your book. Print your black and white photography book with a different visual impact.

You can see in the post image, that the photo on the left in in color. The photo on the right is the same image, converted to a duotone. They are images printed in black and white, and also printed in one other Pantone Matching System (PMS) ink.

IMAGE FORMAT IN 8-BIT PSD, TIFF OR JPG. DON’T USE 16-BIT.

Images or photographs can be in tiff or jpg format. In InDesign, you can link to the Photoshop psd or to the jpg or tiff that have been converted to a duotone image; “duo” meaning two.

Let’s say that a logo or another image is in full 4-color process, also known as CMYK. The color image will automatically make the book printing a 5-color job. That changes the quote and increases the cost. Instead of a 2-color printing for duotones, black (K) plus the selected Pantone, it will become the 4-color process CMYK plus the 1 Pantone.

41 Start with 8-bit images. It is the standard and what we recommend. The tutorial doesn’t work with 16-bit images.

HERE ARE THE STEPS:

1. Convert to Grayscale by going to Image > Mode > Grayscale. 2. Once you’ve converted to Grayscale, you will then have the option in the same menu to select Image > Mode > Duotone. 3. A new Duotone Options dialog box will open. Under Type, select Duotone. Then select the two inks you want to use.

Make sure it is the black from the correct color library, Pantone Solid Coated for coated paper, or Pantone Solid Uncoated for uncoated stock.

Very Important: Then choose process black, 100 percent (K=100).

To select a second duotone ink, click on the box on the right. For the photo in our sample image, we selected Pantone 279 C.

Be careful which color library book you select. Again, choose Pantone Solid Coated for coated paper, or Pantone Solid Uncoated for uncoated stock. These libraries do not

42 designate paper stock to be glossy or matte. Before you select the library, either check the final quote, or contact Star Print Brokers to verify paper selection.

If you want to save this Preset, simply click on the little wheel to the right of the preset that now says ‘Custom’. Give it a new name if you wish, and your duotone set-up will always be there for you! This is especially useful if you are doing the entire book on one duotone PMS color plus Process Black.

If the final image seems a little dark as compared to the grayscale original, we have two suggestions. You can select a lighter secondary ink. Another solution suggested by photographer Macduff Everton, is to create a curve setting. Thank you Macduff! You will be able to adjust each image with an individualized curve setting. Read more about curve settings at Adobe Photoshop help.

When working with a duotone, or any image, be sure to understand resolution and effective resolution.

Star Print Brokers will always be here for you too. If you have a question or need a quote, call us at (844) 603-1777 toll-free, or (425) 603-1777 in the Seattle area. You can also use our contact form.

43 Spot Varnish Files 14

Complete Instructions on how to make a Spot Varnish File in InDesign. HOW TO CREATE A SPOT VARNISH FILE IN INDESIGN. Print spot varnish over each image if you want photos and graphic images to “pop” off the pages of your book. This technique is different from a flood varnish. Flood varnish covers the entire page. To print a spot varnish on just the images — and large type sizes, if desired — we need another InDesign file. It is easy to make with the following instructions.

Make sure that varnish is included in the quote. It is an additional cost. Please request it, as varnish is not included in quotes unless it is specified.

STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS TO MAKE A SPOT INDESIGN VARNISH FILE

• If varnish is used on images, provide a file that is separate from the native InDesign file. Although you can create another file layer for the varnish, we prefer to receive the varnish file as aseparate file.

44 • First, make a duplicate file of the book and delete anything that should not be varnished. This includes type, photos and images. • Create an Object Style with a spot color fill based on 'None' (Window > Style > Object styles). • When the Object Styles Option window is open, under “General”, you will see 'Based On', select '[None]'. • Under Basic attributes, check 'Fill'. Click on 'Fill' and make sure the color selected is 'black', and the border is 'none'. • Under Effects in (select Object), check Transparency. • Name it 'Spot Varnish'. Effects for 'object' will be 100 percent black fill with no border.

Ready ... let's make spot varnish for the images ... “ Note: The 'Selection tool' is the first arrow in the tools palette in InDesign. The second arrow beneath that is the 'Direct Selection tool', which is also an arrow. Be careful to select the right tool as noted in the rest of the instructions.

• Using the Selection tool, select 'Spot Varnish' that you created under Object Styles. • Then select the image. You will not see anything change yet. But… • With the image still selected, use the second arrow, the 'Direct Select tool'. You will see the box around the image change, so that there is a dot in each of the four corners. Click the image once and you will still see the four dots, plus four more on the top, bottom and sides of the image. • Do a right-click (or Control-X) and delete the image. A solid black image will remain in exactly the same size and position as the now deleted image • Don’t forget to delete the page numbers on this file, which is easy to do if you have set the page numbers up on a master style sheet.

45 Bleeds and Printers Marks 15

InDesign Bleeds and Printers Marks. Troubleshoot files. INDESIGN BLEEDS, PRINTERS MARKS, AND MARGINS FOR WHITE SPACE. InDesign bleeds, printers marks, and margins are often not set-up properly to print well on press. Troubleshoot InDesign bleed problems and printers marks to save time. Create a better book! Typically, we see books in PDF form, provided to us as ready to print. We may find problems with files set-up by designers who have never worked on quality books. High-quality books are a different beast than brochures.

We depend on book designers to know what they are doing. We don’t usually discuss design issues unless we see a technical problem. InDesign bleeds, printers marks, and margins for white space are issues.

ABOUT INDESIGN BLEEDS AND PRINTERS MARKS AS THEY RELATE TO BOOK LAYOUT “ When an author intends to have an image bleed on all four sides, the image must extend to the outside bleed marks, which are part of the printers marks. A problem arises when the image only extends to the inside trim marks. When pages with this problems are trimmed, we could have a little white line that shows next to where the trim is on the page.

46 Our trim is very accurate, but we cannot trim to that exact line. We may be off my a millimeter or two when the signature is folded. That is why there is a 3 mm bleed. The bleed can also be set to 0.125". The book block is trimmed after folding and gathering all signatures together. It becomes a book block, and that is what is trimmed to size.

The folding alone can account for a millimeter. The thickness of a signature depends on the number of pages in the signature, and the thickness of the paper. Typically we fold the signature several times until it is closer to the final page size. The folding process alone makes it impossible to trim out a sheet on the absolute exact trim line on all pages. A single sheet like a poster or letterhead should be trimmed exactly, but a book block will vary slightly. If you see any Star Print Brokers samples, you will see that we do a great job.

WHITE SPACE MARGINS FOR BOOKS

We are not referring to margins set-up on page as text guides. Instead we are referring to the amount of white space between the image and the trim of a page.

Let's assume we are looking at a coffee table book with many large images. If margins look like they end about a quarter inch from the edge of the page, they may look awkward when printed and trimmed. This is also relative to page dimensions. It is not too bad on a small book, but discourage a narrow white space margin on a 12 inch x 12 inch photography book.

One solution is to have the InDesign images that bleeds on all four sides. Another solution is to reduce the image so more white space shows. See for yourself! Print out the page. Trim with scissors to the inside trim marks. Remember, the outside marks are the bleed marks. You can really see potential white space margin problems when the page is trimmed to size.

SUMMING IT UP ...

The extension of images to the outside marks for bleeds must be correct.

The white space margins are up to the author and designer. Take a close look at your PDFs, InDesign bleeds, printers marks, and margins for white space. Make sure they are as you would like them to print on press.

WE ALSO DESIGN BOOKS

Incidentally, there is a good article at Adobe.com. Learn more about InDesign bleeds and Printers Marks.

47 Prepress Guide 16

Preparing Files to Print on Press.

THE ESSENTIAL PREPRESS GUIDE. “ Helpful Hint 1: When you first set-up a book file in InDesign, make sure that you check ‘Facing Pages’. You can find it by going to File > Document Setup.

“ Helpful Hint 2: The crop marks, bleed marks, and printer's marks are generated when making the PDF, not in the InDesign file.

A PREPRESS GUIDE TO PREPARE BOOK FILES TO PRINT ON PRESS

The prepress guide helps to ensure files are prepared properly for printing on press. SPB will provide a template for the cover, cover wrap, and dust jacket. Spine width is determined by the weight and thickness of the text, cover, and board.

PREPRESS GUIDE ADVICE ... USE OUR FREE DOWNLOAD OF INDESIGN TEMPLATES TO START

InDesign is used most often to design books, unless the book is a novel. Then Microsoft Word is used. Our prepress guide advice it to start with one of our free InDesign templates. Note: Although we suggest templates in this prepress guide, Star Print Brokers does not use templates when we design books. They are all created from scratch.

48 THE PREPRESS GUIDE FOR IMAGES ... U.S. SHEETFED COATED V2

All process color images need to be saved in CMYK, not RGB. Star Print Brokers suggests in this repress Guide, that you convert images in Photoshop, by going to Edit > Convert to Profile. Select U.S. Sheetfed Coated v2. If we are printing on uncoated or wood free paper, select U.S. Sheetfed Uncoated v2. Caution: Another printer may use different profiles.

When printing on press, four inks are used; Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. They are the four inks used in process color (full color) printing. RGB stands for Red, Green, Blue and RGB is used for viewing color on monitors and televisions.

However, if you are printing a book with black ink only, or use black and white images, then the black and white images should be converted to grayscale. Black and white images can also be reproduced in CMYK for a richer look. Choosing between CMYK and grayscale depends on two factors. They are artistic determination, and whether the book was quoted for printing in black and white (1/1), or process color (4/4).

MORE PREPRESS GUIDE ADVICE ... WHAT TO LOOK OUT FOR WHEN SCANNING IMAGES

Our prepress guide advice is to save photos in JPG or TIFF format. TIFFs are preferred. They need to be scanned at 300 dpi (dots per inch) or ppi (pixels per inch).

Tip: 350 ppi If you are unsure of the final size, scan the images at 350 pixels per inch, or more. Then you will have more resolution to enlarge the image on the page.

“ Are your images 72 ppi, but the dimensions are much larger than the book needs? Before doing anything, read about Effective Resolution. Your images might work!

Tip: tiffs Save photos as TIFFs instead of JPGs. TIFFs are stable, whereas JPGs can lose resolution when saved. This is particularly important for those of you who don't have the full version of Photoshop.

49 Tip: do not artificially increase in resolution Although Photoshop allows you to increase resolution, it is unwise to do so. The reason is because to increase resolution, Photoshop borrows little bits of adjacent pixels to fill in. There is no substitute for an original scan at the proper resolution, and size. Always want to keep this in mind for a fine photography or art book. If optimum resolution is not so important, you can increase resolution knowing your results will not be optimal. This means you may use a 250 dpi image, but not 72 dpi. We do not recommend resolution less than 300.

What you see on a monitor when preparing a book to print on press, can give you a false sense of security. The images may look great on screen, but when proofing on a high- quality digital output device, you may find the images pixilated. Not to worry. Star Print Brokers always checks this before going to press. But, it costs authors time and perhaps additional cost to correct. Take the advice in this prepress guide to save time and money!

THE PREPRESS GUIDE WOULD BE INCOMPLETE WITHOUT A SECTION ON RESOLUTION AND SIZING IMAGES

The minimum resolution for fine quality book printing is 300 dpi, dots per inch, or greater.

Images to be viewed on the web are typically lower resolution, 72 dpi. Image dimensions should be the same size, or large, than they will appear in the printed book. You don't want to print images that look pixelated, as seen below at 72 dpi.

Resolution example:

50 WHAT IS A BLEED?

If an image prints off the trimmed page, it is called a ‘bleed’. Be sure to allow 1/8 inch (0.125") extra for any bleeds. If working in millimeters, set a 3 mm bleed. The bleed settings are set-up in InDesign under File > Document Setup, and then click on Bleed and Slug.

The example shows the bleed area, page trim lines, and the printed page area:

PREPRESS GUIDE INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORKING WITH FULL PAGE BLEEDS AND 2-PAGE SPREADS

In InDesign, you will be viewing the book in 2-page spreads, showing the bleed set-up. If an image goes to the gutter, or overlaps the gutter, don't be concerned about the gutter bleed.

Example of a Full page that bleeds: If your page size is 8" wide x 10" tall. You want it to bleed on all four sides. The actual image size would be 8.125" x 10.25". The width would not be 8.25" wide, because you do not need to bleed the image into the gutter. The image stops at the gutter, whether it is a right-hand page or left-hand page.

Example of a two-page spread with bleeds: The image would be 16.25" wide x 10.25" tall. It has bleed 0.125" on all 4 sides. You do not have to account for bleed in the gutter. The Prepress Guide for Barcode and ISBN. They are needed to sell your books

Leave the barcode background white or clear for best results. Do not modify or crop it.

51 Also, do not change the name. And please, do not open it in Photoshop!

“ Barcode sizing: 92 percent is standard, but can be as small as 80 percent of the original size.

When you receive the barcode, use the Save as command to add it to your art files. Use the Place command to then place it on the lower right hand corner of the back cover. Then you can reduce it if you wish, to 80 percent. The standard reduction size 92 percent. If you would like us to place the barcode, forward it to us in the original email.

We are an agent of the US ISBN Agency. We can sell a single ISBN and / or barcode.

When the InDesign files are complete, see our Sending Files guide. You can include the optional Submission Form. It is a good idea to review it if troubleshooting your files. After you receive proofs from us, please sign the Book Proof Approval form. We will also include it with the proof set and / or email.

52 Making PDFs 17

The Star Print Brokers Guide to Make and Send PDFs.

MAKE PDF FILES FOR PRINTING BOOKS ON PRESS. “ Helpful Hint 1: When you first set-up a book file in InDesign, make sure that you check ‘Facing Pages’. You can find it by going to File > Document Setup.

“ Helpful Hint 2: The crop marks, bleed marks, and printer's marks are generated when you make PDF. They are not made in the InDesign file.

Make PDF files for book printing rather than sending InDesign files. The following is a reference guide to make PDF files to print books, specifically with Star Print Brokers. Please see the Prepress Guide and Send InDesign Files, to make sure the files are properly prepared. Most of the time we print from PDFs. However, there are times when InDesign files are needed. Printing from InDesign is the exception.

A GUIDE TO MAKE PDF FILES FOR PRINTING BOOKS WITH STAR PRINT BROKERS

Note about CMYK Conversion: Prior to generating a PDF, convert RGB images to CMYK in Photoshop. We don't advise converting to CMYK when generating the PDF. This is because

53 it is necessary to see how the images convert. Sometimes there is a shift in color. We prefer our clients see any color shift. Then, authors can adjust the color if needed instead of being surprised when they receive the physical proof. RGB has a much wider array than CMYK, but we use CMYK to print on press.

IN PHOTOSHOP CC: Open all the links, either individually through InDesign, OR all of the images in Photoshop, in each folder where they reside. In the menu bar, select File > Convert to Profile. Select US Sheetfed Coated v2. This is the setting Star Print Brokers uses. If you print with another provider, they might recommend another setting for their presses and paper stock.

IN INDESIGN CC: Then, Update all links or Relink to folder in InDesign. Make PDF files now. InDesign: File > Export > Save (to desktop).

Screen Capture 1, Guide to Make PDF files • Left column: General tab • Adobe PDF Preset: You want to choose Press Quality because “Print Quality” is meant for output to desktop printers, not printing on press. • Compatibility: Acrobat 4 (PDF 1.3). Once you select this option, Press Quality will become "Press Quality (modified)". Acrobat 5 and higher contain functions we do not need to print on press, like preserving linkable text. These later versions can also interfere with imposition software printer’s use to prepare files for printing.

54 Screen Capture 2, Guide to Make PDF files • Left column: Marks and Bleeds tab. • "Spreads" box unchecked. (We need the PDF in single pages, NOT spreads.) • Under "Marks", check the box. All Printer's Marks. • Below that, check box: Use Document Bleed Settings. If you have set the bleed correctly in the Document Setup, you will see 0.125 in each box. It is okay to have the inside box set to zero.

Screen Capture 3 • Left column: Output tab. They are the default settings. If you no longer have default settings, please use the following. • Color Conversion: Select "Convert to Destination (Preserve Numbers)". • Profile Inclusion Policy: Select "Don't Include Profiles". • Now click "Export" to make PDF files. Your PDF will automatically open.

55 WHAT ELSE TO SEND, AND HOW TO SEND PDFS:

• The PDF files may be on CDs or a DVD. More often, PDFs are placed on our FTP site, or uploaded to DropBox. Contact us for FTP info and password. Smaller PDFs can be emailed. • Print-outs (optional). Include one set with color as you wish to appear in your book. This is not needed for a novel without color, but is necessary if color is critical. • Submission form (optional) ... https://www.starprintbrokers.com/wp-content/ uploads/2014/11/SPB-Submission-form-06-21-2015.pdf We will contact you if there is a problem with your files. But reviewing the Submission Form is a good idea if troubleshooting your files.

ABOUT PROOFS AND PROOF APPROVAL

• Book Proof Approval form ... https://www.starprintbrokers.com/wp-content/ uploads/2011/07/SPB-Book-Proof-Approval-form-032317.pdf • After handing off the PDFs to Star Print Brokers, you will receive physical, full color, proofs. You will sign-off on the proofs as accepted to proceed with printing, or make changes. Use the book proof approval form. We also include it with the proof set and / or email. You may email it back to us, or fax it to (425) 603-0859. • About the Proofs • The set of physical digital proofs is for approval of approximate color and book pagination. They are often output on an top-level Epson, Duotech, or Indigo. While we accept corrections for typographical errors, we expect that the proofing and editing is completed before you give us the files. These areprinting proofs, not graphic design or editing proofs. Press proofs are also available at extra cost.

56 Sending InDesign Files 18

Send InDesign file to Star Print Brokers THE GUIDE TO MAKE AND SEND INDESIGN FILE TO US, YOUR PRINTER.

Send InDesign file to Printer!

“ Helpful Hint: When you first set-up a book file in InDesign, make sure that you check ‘Facing Pages’. You can find it by going to File > Document Setup.

SEND YOUR FILES TO STAR PRINT BROKERS

Send InDesign file to printer, Star Print Brokers, but first read this. Before you send InDesign file to printer, please see the Prepress Guide and Make PDF Files to make sure they are properly prepared. Most of the time we print using PDFs. Sometimes the InDesign files are necessary. That is the exception.

PACKAGE FILES FOR PREPRESS AND SEND INDESIGN FILE TO PRINTER

Files need to be packaged in InDesign. The command will gather images and fonts used in the file. Images and fonts will automatically be placed in a separate folder that will be created when using these commands.

57 The inks in the swatch palette are CMYK, process color. They should not be spot, unless you are adding a specific PMS ink that cannot be built-in a CMYK screen build. There are four inks in process color. They are Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. If you add a spot ink, it adds a fifth color to the press. That increases the cost.

Metallic ink will also add another ink to the press. Metallic colors can be printed or foil stamped. Please discuss the vision of your book with us. We can make suggestions to trim a budget, or provide almost any embellishment! The following is a list to read when you are ready to send InDesign file to printer.

Here is your Check List. We want to ensure that files are prepared properly when you send InDesign file to Printer. To be clear, we only need the PDFs • Collect all images in a folder before creating the document. • Use the File > Place command to insert images into the document. Images should not be embedded. • If any image bleeds off the page, allow 1/8 inch (0.125 inch), or 3 mm. • The bleed is added in File > Document Setup, then Bleed and Slug. Add 0.125" or 3 mm to the four boxes in bleed. • If the images have large dimensions or high-resolution, you may break the book into chapters or smaller groups of pages. • Double check page numbering, especially if you move chapters. • Books always start with page 1 or Roman numeral ‘i’ in the front matter. Page 1 is always a right-hand page. All the right-hand pages are odd-numbered, and the left-hand pages are even-numbered.

WHAT ELSE TO SEND, AND HOW TO SEND INDESIGN FILE TO PRINTER, STAR PRINT BROKERS:

• The PDFs or optionally, the files may be on CDs or a DVD, in InDesign or even Quark. You can also place the zipped files on our FTP site, or upload to DropBox. Contact us for FTP info and password or email address. If sending files, please package the files using File > Package. That way, we will have the native file, font folder, and image folder. Create one folder for each file. When you send InDesign file to printer, the text pages should be in a folder, and the cover in a second folder. • Print-outs (optional). Include one set with color as you wish to appear in your book. This is not needed for a novel without color, but is necessary if color is critical. • Let us know what software, version and platform was used to create the files; InDesign,

58 Quark, etc., the version; CS6, CC7, CC, etc., and whether you are using Mac or PC. You can include the optional Submission Form. It is a good idea to review it if troubleshooting your files. We will contact you with any questions.

ABOUT PROOFS AND PROOF APPROVAL

• Book Proof Approval form After you send InDesign file to printer, Star Print Brokers, you will receive physical, full color, proofs. You will sign-off on the proofs as accepted to proceed with printing, or make changes. Use the book proof approval form. We also include it with the proof set and / or email. You may email it back to us, or fax it to (425) 603-0859. • About the Proofs The set of physical digital proofs is for approval of approximate color and book pagination. While we accept corrections for typographical errors, we expect that the proofing and editing is completed before you give us the files. These areprinting proofs, not graphic design or editing proofs.

59 Ebook Preparation 19

Ebook preparation. Prepare files for ebook conversion. THIS IS WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT EBOOK PREPARATION BEFORE TURNING OVER FILES TO BE CONVERTED TO AN EBOOK.

Ebook preparation is something the self-publisher does before handing-off the file to convert to an ebook. There are several different formats for ebooks. The most common are mobi which is for Kindle, and epub formats for Apple devices including iPad, Nook, and more that also use epub formatting. The following are some tips for ebook preparation that will help the conversion go more smoothly. Optimize your book file for best reformatting. This is essential ebook preparation.

EBOOK PREPARATION FOR CONVERSION TO EBOOK

• Format your book. Set-up Style sheets, Character styles or Paragraph styles, Body text, or Headline styles, and use them throughout the book. If using a word-processing program, use the menu bar for style formatting. Avoid using a space bar to line up text. • Front matter set-up. The first page in a book is the title page. The second page is the copyright page. The copyright page contains the ISBN. It should be a different number from the ISBN used in a printed version of the same book. • Font. If opting for a basic set-up, as in a novel, use a common typeface found on all

60 computers, such as: Times, Times New Roman, Courier New. If additional fonts are used, they must either be embedded in the document, PDF or manuscript, or supplied when presenting the file for eBook conversion.

Symbols might not convert in a Word document, when symbols like the copyright mark, bullet, em dash, curly quotes, apostrophes, and brackets are present, use the symbols available in the text font.

Type size. If opting for the basic layout, make the text type size 14 point, subtitles 16 point, and titles 18 point. Using larger or smaller sizes may be hard to read, or cause problems in page flow.

More Ebook Prep • Text and image spacing. For basic ebook set-up, you can use an image between lines of text. However, you cannot wrap or flow the text around an image. • Charts and tables. Charts and tables are a Complex level of difficulty. It is helpful to provide an additional Word doc that includes the text from such charts. • Links to web pages must include the entire URL (http://YourLinkHere.com). Caution: This link must always be valid for the life of the eBook. • Page numbers. Do not include headers, footers and indexes as they will be eliminated. You can leave the Table of Contents page. • Images. We want to end up with 72 dpi (dots per inch or ppi, pixels per inch) images for eBooks, and in RGB mode. Please size your images before placing in the document. Use PNG, TIFF, or JPG format. Advice: JPGs are known to lose resolution when saving. We advise using tiffs or PNGs. FYI: Books printed on press need 300 ppi (or greater) images, and at the size they will be when printed. If doing both print and eBook, it is best to do the print set-up first, and then scale down the images and convert to RGB. For print, you want the maximum resolution. RGB is the mode for monitors and eReaders. CMYK is for printing on press.

Full-page image sizes: Height, 800 to 1,000 pixels. Width, 550 to 700 pixels.

Cover: Use images that are at least 1400 pixels wide, portrait orientation. Do not use horizontal or square images. To be best read on an eReader, use a height to width ratio of 1.6.

Logos: Height, 75 to 100 pixels.

61 And Finally ... • Index. Each index entry should link to the text. Do not use page number(s). Ebooks re- flow the text to fit the page. In Word, add a bookmark to the text word (or phrase) to go into the index. Link the index entry reference to the bookmark. • Remove blank pages. Blank pages are often needed in print books to page sure print pages fall on a particular right or left hand page (recto or verso). Blank pages are unnecessary in ebook preparation. • Saving. Save the book as a single file, rather than individual chapters. • Proof your book. We do not correct errors. • ISBN. You may already have an ISBN for a print book. But, another ISBN is needed for an ebook. No barcode is used, so you don't have to buy a barcode for ebook preparation.

In conclusion, these are the basic ebook preparation steps that self-publishers need to follow before handing off a file to us. Get a quote for fixed-layout ebook.

62 CMYK, SWOP, Sheetfed & WebPress 20

CMYK Ink, SWOP, Sheetfed, WebPress need Clarifying. CMYK INK, SWOP, SHEETFED, WEBPRESS. IF YOU ARE A DESIGNER SCRATCHING YOUR HEAD, YOU PROBABLY NEED TO READ THIS! CMYK Ink, SWOP, Sheetfed and WebPress. Whew! You are likely a graphic designer, a book designer, or simply a DYI self-publisher trying to make your files ready to print on press. You’ll need to understand these terms to make sure that your files are set-up properly in InDesign, and that images convert correctly in Photoshop.

This article began as a question from a graphic designer who is setting up a book that we are printing. Since there’s some confusion over terms and when to use certain settings, we thought that other designers of print materials would find explanations helpful. Understand the difference between a sheetfed press and webpress. She also had questions about CMYK ink and black and white images. After all, you want the best book possible, and that is what we provide at Star Print Brokers.

SWOP AND US SHEETFED COATED V2 Q. I have some questions specifically regarding the CMYK ink conversion for sheetfed press. Our images are currently in SWOP v2, and from

63 reading your website, we need to convert to US Sheetfed Coated v2. From doing a bit of research, SWOP puts down less ink and will print lighter if unchanged. What about that?

A. SWOP is the default setting in InDesign. To fine tune the images for optimal success, you need to convert images in Photoshop to US Sheetfed Coated v2.

SWOP stands for ‘Specifications for Web Offset Publications’, or WebPress. We print on sheetfed presses, and never print books on a web.

There are other processes at work in prepress that designers don’t need to worry about, but about less ink ... When the 4 inks are laid down in process color printing, there would be a buildup of ink unless we removed some of the ink. Decades ago, a standard practice was Gray Color Replacement and / or Under Color Removal, or GCR or UCR. Now, GCR happens anyway, when you convert from CMYK ink to RGB.

UCR is a process the printing facility would calculate. This is all done automatically and should never be a concern to the designer. There are a number of things done automatically. Gone are the days of the designer ‘trapping’ files too.

BATCH CONVERTING FROM SWOP (FOR WEBPRESS, ROLL STOCK) TO SHEETFED (PRINTING ON SHEETS)

Q. I am considering batch processing the conversion from SWOP to Sheetfed and adjusting our color swatches to match the new CMYK ink screen builds. Your guidance?

A. While you can do a batch process on the conversion, watch that color doesn’t shift. It shouldn’t, as the images should already be in CMYK, not RGB. However, if converting from RGB, you will see a shift in color some of the time, but not on all images. The shift mostly happens in blues, fuchsia, and metallic colors. I like to point these out to photographers, so they are made aware of any shift in CMYK ink color. Watch those blue skies!

The color shift holds true for Solid Spot inks converting to Process color, CMYK ink. If the inks in your swatch palette are already in Process, you should not see a color shift. The

64 color shift is just a fact of printing on any press, SWOP or US Sheetfed profile, anywhere, with any printer. There is no way around it, unless we put a monitor on every page of the book! The color for children’s books is important too.

ADDING WARM OR COOL TONES TO BLACK & WHITE IMAGES Q. Some folks suggest doing a subtle cool or warm tint for black and white images, to control any color shift that may occur on press. Do you have any guidance on converting black and whites?

A. Since true black and white images only use only black ink, there should be no CMYK ink color shift. Be careful though — if you have a solid black or very dark background behind the image — one that is built out of process color, or a spot ink other than 100 percent black.

We try to caution folks about printing black ink backgrounds, as there is sometimes a certain amount of ink pick-up that affects the images. Most of the time, the average person doesn’t see it. But, when working with professional designers and photographers — we like to point out what can happen — so that they know what to expect. This is a situation where GCR cannot balance the effects of such heavy ink.

USE WARM OR COOL BLACK AND WHITE TO TONE PROCESS COLOR IMAGES You can indeed print a process color image as a virtually black and white image, by adjusting the CMYK ink values in Photoshop. If you want to apply a warm or cool tone to all black and white images, it would be easier to adjust them as process color images.

USE OF DUOTONES You can also print the images as duotones. See the article on duotones for instructions. The problem with adding one or more duotones is that it changes the quote, and costs more for printing. It is because you are adding new ink(s) to the set-up. So, with one duotone, a 4 color process book becomes a 5 color job; process color plus the 1 spot ink used as the consistent background color in the duotone.

If you had a warm tone and a cool tone, that would be two additional inks and again, increases the cost to print. You could also forego using process color,and for the same cost as process, add 4 specific inks to 4 different duotone possibilities.

65 In conclusion, my suggestion for this book is to either convert all the black and white images to process color, adjusting each for a cool or warm tone, or have all black and white images converted to 100 percent black grayscale. In Photoshop, go to Image > Mode > Grayscale.

REVIEW OF TERMS: CMYK INK, SWOP, SHEETFED, WEBPRESS

CMYK - The 4 inks used in process color printing: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and blacK.

SWOP - Specifications for Web Offset Publications (webpress).

Sheetfed - Any press that prints on sheets of stock / paper. The sheets are printed one at a time. In the case of books, we print on sheetfed presses, and the sheet is large. The press usually prints 8, 12, 16, or 32 pages on the front and back of the sheet. They then fold into signatures, like a booklet. The signatures are then assembled into the book block. They are then sewn or glued together, and placed into the cover or hard case.

WebPress - A press that prints from large rolls of paper stock. Newspapers always print on a this type of press. Depending on the quantity, direct mail, sell sheets, or flyers are often printed on a webpress. The printing is just not as accurate on a webpress than on a sheetfed press, particularly process color CMYK ink. This is why we print all our books on sheetfed, not web.

Commercial printers often have both webpress and sheetfed presses. Presses can be 1 color, 2, color, or 4 color process CMYK ink. More often, printers have at least one 6 color sheetfed press.

Note: While the terms and settings we note here, are applicable for books as well as other documents; check with your printer. This post is written with the assumption that you are printing books with Star Print Brokers. Also, check our prepress guide.

66 Get a Quote 21 Get a Quote Today ...

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