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Fundação Getulio Vargas Escola De Administração De Empresas De São Paulo FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS DE SÃO PAULO MARIA PAOLA DI SESSA DE LUCA OMETTO Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite Formation SÃO PAULO 2014 FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE EMPRESAS DE SÃO PAULO MARIA PAOLA DI SESSA DE LUCA OMETTO Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite Formation Tese Apresentada à Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo como requisito para obter o título de Doutor em Administração Pública e Governo Linha de Pesquisa Governo e Sociedade Civil em Contexto Subnacional Orientador: Prof. Dr. Mário Aquino Alves SÃO PAULO 2014 Ometto, Maria Paola D. S. D. L. Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite Formation / Maria Paola D. S. D. L. Ometto - 2014 108 f. Orientador: Mário Aquino Alves Tese (CDAPG) - Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo. 1. Rede Nossa Senhora. 2. Organizações não-governamentais. 3. Associações sem fins lucrativos - Brasil - Relações com o governo. 4. Elites (Ciências sociais). 5. Política social - São Paulo (SP). 6. Política e governo. I. Alves, Mário Aquino . II. Tese (CDAPG) - Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo. III. Título. CDU 347.471.8 MARIA PAOLA DI SESSA DE LUCA OMETTO Implicit Corporate Political Activity and Elite formation Tese Apresentada à Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo como requisito para obter o título de Doutor em Administração Pública e Governo Linha de Pesquisa Governo e Sociedade Civil em Contexto Subnacional DATA DA APROVAÇÃO: ____/_____/_____ Banca Examinadora _____________________________________ Prof. Orientador: Dr. Mário Aquino Alves EAESP-FGV _____________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marco Antônio Carvalho Teixeira EAESP-FGV ______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Sergio Bulgacov EAESP-FGV ______________________________________ Prof. Dr. Flávio de Carvalho Vasconcelos EBAPE-FGV ______________________________________ Profa. Dra. Gabriela de Brelàz UNIFESP ACKNOLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my advisor, Mário Aquino Alves, for all support, as a professor, supervisor and friend. We worked together on this research, so this work would not be possible without him. I would also like to thank my Qualifying Committee, Marco Antônio Carvalho Teixeira and João Marcelo Crubellate who gave great advice in the Project of this thesis, allowing me to develop further the research and case. Moreover, I would like to thank by Dissertation Commitee for their participation and suggestions. I would like to thank all my professors at FGV, Marco Antônio Teixeira, Peter Spink, Eduardo Diniz, Marta Farah, Fernando Abrucio, George Avelino, Maria Rita Loureiro. I especially thank my FGV doctorate colleagues: Fernandinha, Sílvia and Toni. I’m grateful to all interviewees who shared their ideas, thoughts and histories with me. I’m also in debt with Rede Nossa São Paulo Executive Secretariat for all their support. Especially, I would like to thank all members of the Participatory Democracy Working Group, who besides helping me and becoming colleagues, were important actors in the creation of the Districts Participatory Councils, a great improvement to the city of São Paulo. Laura Pansarella helped to arrange some interviews, thank you. As a visiting student in University of Alberta, I had Roy Suddaby as advisor and I would like to thank him for the support and advices, especially in this thesis first and last articles. I also want to thank my professors at UofA, Royston Greenwood and Michael Lounsbury. In my period there, I was able to present my thesis Project and received great advice, I would like to thank the participants. The last article of this thesis was presented at EGOS (European Group of Organization Studies) in 2013 and Academy of Management Conference in 2014. Thus, I’m grateful to the advices received due to these conferences. Finally, I would like to thank all my family for their support. Especially Catarina, who arrived during this process and gave me more focus and joy to work and go after my dreams. ABSTRACT In this thesis, we analyze how a progressive business elite created the civil society organization Rede Nossa São Paulo (RNSP), achieving significant institutional changes, thus enabling the elite’s consolidation in the political sphere. The research yielded three articles. The first article discusses how RNSP became a strong political actor in the City of São Paulo and also in Brazil. To address this issue, we applied historical constructs to show how RNSP used history to become a central actor in the political sphere. In the second paper, we complement corporate political activity (CPA) theory by adding a new construct, implicit corporate political activity (ICPA), which conceptualizes how business elites together with civil society organizations can influence government. Since government, corporations and civil society organizations now have blurred boundaries; we understand that this concept is extremely important in drawing attention and creating new avenues for research in this novel environment. In the final article, we show the micro foundations of ICPA. Specifically, how business elites and corporations influence RNSP and, indirectly, government. Concluding, we contribute to the literature on how business influences government and the public sphere indirectly, through civil society organizations. Theoretically, we illuminate the literature of institutional theory, history, and power. Keywords: corporate political activity; elites; institutional theory; rhetorical history; implicit corporate political activity; power RESUMO Nesta tese, analisamos como a elite empresarial progressista criou a organização da sociedade civil Rede Nossa São Paulo (RNSP), alcançando mudanças institucionais significativas, permitindo assim a consolidação da elite na esfera política. A pesquisa resultou em três artigos. O primeiro artigo discute como a RNSP se tornou um forte ator político na cidade de São Paulo e também no Brasil. Para abordar esta questão, mostramos como a RNSP usou a história retórica para se tornar um ator central na esfera política. No segundo artigo, propomos o conceito de atividade política corporativa implícita (ICPA), complementar a atividade política corporativa. Conceituamos ICPA como elites empresariais em conjunto com organizações da sociedade civil agindo para influenciar o governo. Com os limites entre o governo, as empresas e organizações da sociedade civil difusos; entendemos que este conceito é extremamente importante para chamar a atenção e criar novos caminhos para a pesquisa sobre a influência das empresas no governo. No último artigo, mostramos os micro fundamentos da ICPA. Especificamente, como as elites empresariais e corporações influenciam a RNSP e, indiretamente, o governo. Concluindo, contribuímos para a literatura sobre a influência das empresas no governo e na esfera pública indiretamente, por meio de organizações da sociedade civil. Teoricamente, ampliamos a literatura de teoria institucional, história e poder. Palavras-chave: ação política corporativa; elites; teoria institucional; história retórica; ação política corporativa implícita; poder. SUMÁRIO INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 SEDIMENTATION IN THE FIELD: THE ROLE OF PREVIOUS ORGANIZATIONS AS A RESOURCE FOR SOCIAL MOBILITY .................................................................................................................. 8 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 Conceptual Framework .................................................................................................................................. 11 Historical Institutionalism ........................................................................................................................... 11 Subject Position and Social Mobility ...................................................................................................... 13 Role of Discourse in Institutional Change ............................................................................................. 13 Empirical Context .............................................................................................................................................. 14 Research Design ................................................................................................................................................. 16 Results .................................................................................................................................................................... 18 The Recent History of Civil Society in São Paulo .............................................................................. 18 The History of Business Representation in São Paulo ....................................................................... 19 “Organizations are created to die” ............................................................................................................ 20 The Trajectory Leading to RNSP’s Creation ........................................................................................ 22 The importance of subject
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