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Farm eld and fell in Upper Teesdale 1600-1900: a study of historical geography

Britton, Jennifer M.

How to cite: Britton, Jennifer M. (1974) Farm eld and fell in Upper Teesdale 1600-1900: a study of historical geography, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9934/

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2 FARM FIELD AND FELL IN UPPER TEESDALE, 1600-1900

A STUDY IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

JENNIFER M. BRITTON

SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS

FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

JUNE 1974,

The copyright of this thesis rests with the author.

No quotation from it should be published without

his prior written consent and information derived

from it should be acknowledged. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Figure. Nuiaber

Upper Teesdale: Drainage and Relief

2 Upper Teesdale: Solid Geology, Townships and Commons

3 Settlement in the Forest of Teesdale

^ The Population of Upper Teesdale, 1861-1891

5 Development of Middleton in Teesdale

6 Middleton in Teesdale, 1843

7 ...'£izes of holdings in Middleton and Newbiggin

8 Middle Forest Farms

9 Ettersgill Farms

10 Harwood Farms

11 Farm Buildings in Upper Teesdale

12 Field Patterns around Middleton, 1843

13 Enclosure Awards

11+ Old and New Enclosures

15 Middle Forest Enclosure Patterns

16 Et'tersgill Enclosure Patterns

17 Harwood Enclosure Patterns

18 Plan of Ettersgill Farms, 1763

19 Plan of Ettersgill Farms, 1848

20 Reclamation in the Forest of Tfeesdale: A Reconstruction

21 Newbiggin Tithe Map, 1843

22 Present Day Enclosure Patterns in Upper Teesdale

23 Enclosure Banks in Ettersgill 24 Types of Enclosure Banks in E'-ttersgill 25 Reclamation in Ettersgill: A Eeconstruction

26 Enclosure Patterns: the Problems of Cartographic

Representation

27 Upper Teesdale Farms: 1600-1640, and 1660-1700 (cont.)

28 Land Use in 18^-8: Harwood and Middle Forest

29 Land Use in 18^8: Ettersgill and Newbiggin

30 Upper Teesdale: Land Use in I8if8

31 Upper Teesdale Commons and Stinted Pastures:

1769 and 18^8

32 The Lead Industry in Upper Teesdale FIGURE 1 UPPER TEESDALE: DRAINAGE

Source:-: Ordnance Survey Map Sheet 84 "Teesdale"; Scale of one inch to one mile. Seventh Series.'

UPPER TEESDALE;. RELIEF

Source; Ordnance Survey Map Sheet 84 "Teesdale"; Scale of one inch to one mile. Seventh Series. UPPER TFF.SDALE

DRAINAGE

RELIEF

LEGEND

ABOve 2250

Mill 2000- 2250'

£2 17 50 - 2 000' rm isoo 1750'

125 0 1500'

\ |- -| 1000 12 50'

\\ \ ] 750 - 1000 • Below 750'

OWE Mii£

•IM.C. FIGURE 2

UPPER TEESDALE; SOLID GEOLOGY

Source: Geological Survey, -f- " Sheet 4, of North East England. (Enlarged for this map).

UPPER TEESDALE: TOWNSHIPS MP COMMONS

Sources: Maps of the Townships and Commons of Harwood, Forest and Frith, Ettersgill, Newbiggih and Middleton in Teesdale, Surveyed in 1863. (M.E.O., cupboard at rear of back office).

Ordnance Survey Sheet 84 "Teesdale"; Scale of one inch to one mile. Seventh Series.

1 UPPER TEESDALE

SOLID GEOLOGY LEGEND

Grn LnattM

Groat • Limestone

Sandstones and o Shalei

Intrusive Basalt and Ooierite wi sneeli

mdykes

i One Mile

TOWNSHIPS AND COMMONS

Harwood Common

Langdon Beat Common

Township of Norwood EtiersgW west Common Common

Newbngin Middleton Common Common Townshp at Middle Forest Back Common

TownshD Of Newbigafli Township of Bowlees Ettersgm New biggin

•* Middleton

One Mile FIGURE 3 SETTLEMENT IN THE FOREST OF TEESDALE

Sources: a) l600-1700. Survey of the Manors of Raby, Brancepeth and Barnard Castle, 1612. (P.R.O.) Various Probate Inventories of Middleton and the Forest of Teesdale, 1600-1700. (Pal & Dip.) A Complete Terrier of the Redtory of Middleton in Teesdale in the Bishopric of Durham, 1663. (C.R.O. Strathmore Collection, Box 88 No. 130). b) 1769. A Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham...belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769. (M.E.O., small map store). c) l803. Particular and Valuation of the Manor of Middleton in Teesdale in the County Palatine of Durham belonging to the Rt. Hon. William Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1803. (S.E.O. Box Store, large box: Teesdale Estate). d) l848 Field Books and Plans of the Townships of Harwood, Forest and Frith and Ettersgill, I847-63. (M.E.O. bookshelves of small map store). V I85I Census Returns for the Forest of Teesdale. (C.R.O. on microfilm).

Note: • = one dwelling. CD GO

— CO cr.

I—

LU _J CO

ID I— UJ LU co FIGURE 4 THE POPULATION OF UPPER TEESDALE;" 1801 - 1891

Source: Whellan's History, Topography and Directory of the County Palatine of Durham (London, I894, Second Edition). CP / / / /

1 CO 1

Ixl

10 to UJ LU in

tvi .5 \ T3 11 J \ CL I UJ • i S

in in FIGURE 5

DEVELOPMENT OF MIDDLETON IN TEESDALE

A : the original form of Middleton as a 'one row' village, aligned east - west, the long tofts extending northwards behind the dwellings.

B :: Middleton by about the end of the 7.9-th century: a second row has been added to the village, again aligned east - west, the long tofts extending southwards behind! the dwellings. Between the two rows of dwellings was a small village green.

C : Middleton by the end of the 12th century. By now the north- south section has been added, running parallel with Hudshop Beck. At the northern end of this section is the Parish Church

Sources: Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham., belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769* (M.E.O., small map store).

Middleton Tithe Map, 1843. (Pal & Dip).

Personal Observations. DEVELOPMENT OF MIDDLETON IN TEESDALE

GREEN

B EES BBS

CHURCH

GREEN

KEY HOUSE

LONG TOFT FIGURE 6 MIDDLETON IN TEESDALE. 1843

Source: Kiddle-ton Tithe Map, 1843. (Pal & Dip.) 7

#0*

\ 002

0 HO

07 31-1

•

U3S ^4

Y OAS •3J 6 Jar a«0 affjf

14 2 °l r 3 2,3 4

•4

\ 3*«f \ \

•9aJ •Slit 3y6 I 2a n

so* SB0 °"7 \ \ aw 1 X 1 A. FIGURE 7 SIZES OF HOLDINGS IN MIDDLETON AND NEWBIGGIN

A. This represents all holdings in Middleton and Newbiggin which are mentioned in the Jacobean Survey of 1612, with the exception of two very large holdings (see below). • = one holding.

B. This represents the unenclosed land in the subdivided fields of Middleton and Newbiggin. • = one holding formed entirely of land in the subdivided fields, as yet unenclosed. X = one holding formed partly of unenclosed land in the subdivided fields, and partly of enclosed land in the subdivided fields and elsewhere.

C. This represents the enclosed lands of Middleton and Newbiggin. • = one holding formed entirely of enclosed land. X = one holding formed partly of enclosed lands, and partly of unenclosed land.

Note: Because, of mapping difficulties two farms have been left out of Figure i) 69li" acres held by Thomas Bainbrigge of 'Powell'. 69 acres were enclosed, the remainder in one of the subdivided fields^ ii) 120 acres held by Roger Bainbrigge of Friar House: al1 this land was enclosed.

Source: Survey of the Manors of Raby, Brancepeth and Barnard Castle, 1612. (P.R.O.) X • * X M X X 1 ID 9 « »•

z w 6 ° o CD UJ z Q Z <

O i— Ld _l Q Q Ui K CD

O X u_ O

CO i- o 01 «> t-

< FIGURE 8 MIDDLE FOREST FARMS 1769 Source:A Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham... "belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 17&9- (M.E.O., small map store.) Key 1. Widdybank Farm (John Walton) 12. Watgarth Farm (Peter Allison) 2. Wheysifcke Farm (Scot's) 13. ? (Wm. Allison) 3. Sawer Sike Farm•(Teward's) 14«Hangingshaws Farm (Talentine & 4iiRaildon Farm (Mary Lee) Ireland) 5. Hunt Hall Farm (Thos. Allison) 15«Forsgarth End Farm (Robson) 6. Vallance Lodge (?) lo.Eggpot Farm (Beddels) 7- Kirk House Folds Farm (Tarn's) 17.Hurth Pasture 8. Teward's House Farm (Collin's) iS.Forsgarth Farm (Henry Robinson] 9. East Under Hurth Farm (Hutchinson's) IMIIIS'eivy Hill Farm (Urwin's) 10. Lane Side Farm (Bainbridge's) T.angrion Beck Farm (Horn's) 11. Moss Farm (Anthony Walton) WW West Under Hurth Farm (J on. He ////Hill Field Farm (Arthur Lee) 'VWKnot Hill Farm (Thos. Walton)

I848 Source: Map of the Township of Fo: est and Frith, surveyed in 1863. (M.E.O., Cupboard at rear of back office.) Key 1. Widdy Bank (George Gibson) 24. Whey Syke (Jacob Scott) 2. Seivy Hill (Jane Redfearn) 25. Knot Hill (Widow Walton) . 3. Langdon Beck Pasture 26. Moss ('Henry Bainbridge) 4. Valence Lodge (Joseph Currah) 27. Force- Garth End (Henry Robinsoi] 5. Langdon Beck (Edward Garget) 28.In Dale (Charles Dowson) 6. Langdon (William Scott) 29. Moor Riggs (Robert Redfern) 7. Rail ton (Mary Scott)" 30. ? (Joseph Ireland) 8. Vicarage (Rev. J. Lowe) 31. Moor Riggs (Thomas Bell) 9. Intack (Isaac Tarn) 32. Moor'Riggs (Matthew Walton) 10. Hunt Hall (Thomas Adam) 33. Lane Side (Thos. Allison) 11.Sawer Hill (John Teward) 34»Moor Riggs (Jane Horn) 12. Mount Pleasant (Nancy Walton) 35*Langdon (Arthur Tallentiine) 13. English Hill (Geo Tallentine) 36.Force Garth End (Widow Walcton) 14. Under Hurth (John Steeley) 37«Force Garth (Robert Rutter) 15. Hurth Pasture 38.Force Garth (Isaac Robinson) 16. Under Hurth (Mary Walton) \W\~01d Folds (Jos. Bainbridge) 17. Hodge Hole (John Walton) rtHiKirkhouse Folds (John Howard) 18. Hangingshaws (John Tallentine) I 111 Under Hurth (John Collins.on) 19«Hangingshaws (Joseph 'Ireland) - Gillet (Thos, Scott) 20. Bell Hill (Widow Tallentine) AWOut Dale (Wm. Allison) 21. Hangingshaws (Wm. Tallentine) ////Watgarth (Isaac Allison) 22. Egg Pot (Joseph Beadle) Langdon Beck (Jonothan Barker) 23. Cocklake (Thomas Walton) MIDDLE FOREST FARMS

1769

ETTOSGU 1

1848

HARWOOD

E 6

16 1 11 13

23 ETTERSGLL 24 29 30

GniiB LOnd

oodm omul

ONE MILE FIGURE 9 ETTERSGILL FARMS 1769 Source: A Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham, belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769^ (M.E.O., small map store).

Key

1. Brigg House Farm (William Lowes) 9»Eman's Farm (Thomas Temple) 2. Glebe (Rev. John Emerson) 10. ? (Isaac Raine) 3. Dirt Pit Pasture (shared by 4,111 ll.Beckhead (Joseph Garget) 4. Skew Holme (?) & — > V^Beckhead (?) 5. East Birk Bush Farm (?) '/// ? (Tim Tarn) 6. West Birk Bush Farm(Wm. Dowson) \V0 Noughtberry Hall (Edmund Garget) 7. Little Out Pry (shared by 4 fnrfBank (Elizabeth Bromley 8. Great Out Field (shared by 6,10,= Dirt Pit (Thos. Bainbridge) 9, ==,\W & Wf) Mil! Dirt Pit Farm (John Lowe)

I848 Source: Map of the Township of Ettersgill, surveyed in 1863. (M.E.O., cupboard at rear of back office)

Key 1. Friar House *(Eliz. Gibson) 14*Bank House (Jane Beadle & Sons) 2. Brigg House (John Swinbank) 15.Scar End (Hannah Bell) 3. Dirt Pit (John Thompson) 16.Scar End (John Hurchinson) 4. Ash Dub Side (John Bainbridge) 17. Low Beck Head (Mary Tarn) 5. Dirt Pit (George Bainbridge) 18. Low Beck Head (Margaret Anderson 6. Birfih Tree House (Henry Parmanley) 19.. Matthew Anderson's Farm 7- Moor Riggs *(jane Horn) 20.High Beck Iiead (Mary Hut chinson 8. Ettersgill Pasture WW Woolpitts Hill (Timothy. Tarn) 9- Birch Hill (Joseph Nixon) WVVBank House (Mark Tarn) 10.Out Berry Bat (John Gargett) |g||3irch Bush (William Bell) 11. Walker Hill (Widow Scott) • High Force (Thomas Scott 12. Bank House (William Brumwell) /////Dirt Pit (Henry Bainbridge) 13. Bank House (Sarah Anderson) 1.1111 Dirt Pit (William Tuer)

* 1. The remainder of this farm is in Newbiggin. * 7« The remainder of this farm is in Middle Forest. ETTERSGLL FARMS

1769

MOOLE FOREST a

fCWBIGGM

1848

14.

MDDLC 1* FOREST 11. ICWBBGN 9

Plan lot ton

Conwwn Grating LM

Roads and roddm

ONE MILE FIGURE 10 HARWOOD FARMS 176.9 Source: A Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham... belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769. (M.E.O., small map store.) Key 1. Grass Hill Farm ( Nixon) 12. Bowes Close Farm (Wm. Toward) 2. Harwood Head Farm (John Winter) 13. Margt. Oliver's Farm 3. Cocklake Farm (Wm. Atkinson) 14. Part March Gill Farm (Raisbeck) 4. Cow Hill Syke Farm (Jane Race) 15. Part March Gill Farm (Thos. Rai; 5. Herdship Farm (?) l6.Stoney Hill Farm (Thos. Walton) 6. Vipond Farm (?) 17* Rawn Tree Rigg Farm (John Dows< 7. Ruff Rigg Foot Farm (Mr Dowson —— m niTpy Yard Farm (Nathan Horn) & Isaac Robinson) '////Riggside Farm (Wrn.Watson & Towa] 8. Force Foot Farm (John Horn) XWXStoney Hill Farm (Mr Watson) 9. Cousin & Dowson's Great Pasture •f-|-f4Midge Holm Farm (John Watson) 10. Thos. & Wm. Toward's Ling Pasture \\\\ Caskey Hill Farm (Charles Dowsoi 11. Bowes Close Farm (Thos. Toward)

I848 Source: Map of the Township of Harwood, surveyed in I863. (M.E.O., cupboard at rear of back office.) Key 1. Sumhey Farm (John Rumney) 24. Pasture (Shared by 2. Ash Gill Head (George Watson) 25. Pasture 3. Sanders (Wm. Bayles) 26. Marches Gill (Elizabeth Bixon) 4- Harwood Head (Joseph Race) 27. Marches Gill (Jonothan Raisbeck) 5. Hertship (Thos. Watson) 28. Marches Gill (Wm. Toward) 6. South Whitefolds(shared between 29. Marches Gill (Jeremiah Dowsaon) 3-5, EEE I. /'////)) 30. Bowes Close (Ann Cousin) 7. Pasture 31. Bowes Close (John Toward) 8. Rough Rigg Head (?) 32. Bowes ^lose Pasture 9. Manse (John Dowson) 33. East House (Timothy Collinsion) 10. Rotten Row (Mary Anderson) 34*Unthank (John Watson) 11. Rotten Row (Jere. Hutchinson) 35»Unthank (Rachel Robinson) 12. Pasture ' ' 36.Peghorn (Jacob Tallentine) 13. Willy Hole (Fanny Tallentine) 37-Green Hills (.Thos. Cousin) 14. Clover Yard (John Hunt) 38.Red Wing (George Garget) 15. Rigg Side (Thos. Heward) 39*Hertship (Thos. Watson) lo.Stoney Hall (John Dowson) Grass Hill (John Anderson) 17.Force Foot (M. Bull) //// Water Meetings (Joseph Watson) l8.Stoney Coom(wra. & Tho. Heward) 11 11 I Harwood Head (William Bayles) 19.Pasture (shaeed by 11 I 11 Rigg Side (Ann Watson) 20.Stoney Coom (Thos. Anderson) WXHill Top (John Currah) 21. Midge Holme (John Anderson) \\\\\ Roan tree Top (Joseph Cousin) 22. Lingy Hill (Matt. Dowson) Hertship (Thomas Watson) 23-Anty's (George Teward) 7

+6 *9«

*6* ,1 **6

aw \ \

I «

B >»£»

I 3U I JfOS

• a** <3Jr> | -fJn Y 03S »3» •poo 3JS

15 r«97 TO 2M

&g6 i *9* M

\ r, »«7 . •r/A \ 2<93 2r» i v. .4. \ ETTERSGLL FARMS

1789

MIDDLE FOREST a

1848

14.

; MDOU: 13 FOREST

11. rCWOGGM s

Plantation

CoiMion Gracing Land

Read* aid

ONE MILE HARWOOO FARMS

1769 FIGURE 11

FARM BUILDINGS IN UPPER TEESDALE

A. Woolpitts Hill Farm.

A - Byres; E - Garth B':~ - House F - Water Trough C - Stable G - Coal shed D - Hay Barn H - Store house

Source: survey "by the writer im October 1969*

B. Egg Pot Farm.

A - House D - Stable B - Byres E - Stable C - Hay Barn F - Coal shed

Source: as above.

C. Hay Barn.

A - Byres B - Hay store

Source: as above* FARM BUILDINGS IN UPPER TEE3DALE

F B I I I * I . I I I .

•

A W00LPITT5 HILL FARM1

B EGG POT FARK

40 FEET J.M.C. FIGURE 12 FIELD PATTERNS AROTOfD MIDDLETON. 1843

Source: Middletorn Tithe Map, 1843. (Pal & Dip.) li

r 1 I

/ *

i \

r 9 3 0

9 7 1 ! . *> 3 r ! r 5

<0 1 01 FIGURE 13 ENCLOSURE AWARDS

Sources: a) NerwMggin - Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham...belonging to the Rt. Hon. Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769. (M.E.O., Small Map Store).

b)Middleton - Middleton in Teesdale Enclosure Award. (C.R.O.) ENCLOSURE AWARDS

NEWBIGGIN

MIDDLETON IN TEESDALE FIGURE 14

OLD AND NEW ENCLOSURES

Source: Middleton. Tithe Map, 1843 (Pal & Dip).

Note the old head dyke running across the map, dividing the

older enclosures to the south from, the newly enclosed common

±b> the north aer.

I-

eg,

99* i" rrt

1 I :

Stat*

rrs> 5>rp

erf A // FIGURE 15 MIDDLE FOREST ENCLOSURE PATTERNS

Sources: a) 1769. Plan of the Manor of Middle ton in thfl County of Durham...belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769. (M.E.O., small map store).

b) I848 Map of the Township of Forest and Frith. (Surveyed in 1863. Cupboard at rear of back office). MIDDLE FOREST ENCLOSURE PATTERNS

1769

HURTH PASTURE

ETTERSGU. ENCLOSURES

FORCE GARTH PASTURE V

1848

HARWOOD ENCLOSURES

ETTERSGLL ENCLOSURES

FORCE OARTH PASTURE

Common Grama Land

Roods and roadaid* waslM

ONE MILE FIGURE 16 ETTERSGILL ENCLOSURE PATTERNS

Sources: a) 1769. Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham...belonging to Henry , Earl of Darlington, I769. (M.E.O., small map store).

ID) I848. Map of the Township of Ettersgill. (Surveyed in 1863. Cupboard at rear of back office). ETTERSGLL ENCLOSURE FWTTERNS

T7B9

MIDDLE FOREST ENCLOSURES

NEWBfGGIN ENCLOSURES

1848

ETTERSGLL PASTURE I

MIDDLE FOREST ENCLOSURES

NEWBtOOM ENCLOSURES

Room and roadside wn

ONE MLE FIGURE 17. HARWOOD ENCLOSURE PATTERNS

Sources: a)l769. Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham...belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769. (M.E.O., small map store).

h)l848. Map of the Township of Harwood. (Surveyed in 1863. Cupboard at rear of back office). HARWOOO ENCLOSURE PATTERNS

T7B9

1848

BOWES CLOSE PASTURE

Common Graug in MDDLE FOREST Road* and roadHde *«»te» ENCLOSURES FIGURE 18.

Plan of Ettersgill Farms in the Manor of Middleton and County of Durham, belonging to the Rt. Hon. Henry Earl of Darlington, surveyed by Jeremiah Dixon, 1763. (Extract). (M.E.O., cupboard at rear of back office). a- i,

1 1

4 1

A.4

'.J

# 5' if i> 4

•»v» •jfrr- FIGURE 19

Plan of the Township of Ettersgill in the Parish of Middleton belonging to the Duke Of Cleveland, I848. (M.E.O., cupboard at rear of back office).

FIGURE 20.

RECLAMATION III THE FOREST OF TEESDALE: A RECONSTRUCTION.

Sources: Survey of the Manors of Raby, Brancepeth and Barnard Castle, 1612. (P.R.O.) Plan of Ettersgill Farms in the Manor of Middleton and County of Durham, belonging to the Rt. Hon. Henry Earl of Darlington, surveyed by Jeremiah Dixon, 1763. (M.E.OL, cupboard at rear of back office). Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham ...belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769* (M.E.O., small map store). Field Books and Plans of the Townships of Harwood, Forest and Frith and Ettersgill, 1847-63. (M.E.O., bookshelves of small map store). CO

Lu I—

U- CO

»—

f2- LJJ

c I N a 3

(0 Ul

UJ FIGURE 21

Newbiggin Tithe Map, I843. (Extract. Pal $ Dip). Wflj^ Ma

4»*

*9* '"7

'77 ffff

/J*

\ *.t9

Li FIGURE 22

PRESENT DAY ENCLOSURE PATTERNS' IN UPPER TEESDALE

Source: Ordnance Survey 2ig" to 1 mile Sheets bJ <

bJ CL

bJ cr Z> CO o _J o z: LU >- < •

Q_ FIGURE 23

ENCLOSURE BANKS IN ETTERSGILL

Source: Personal Observations. ENCLOSURE BANKS IN ETTERSGILL

/ i A > /

11'

t> / / f

MIDDLE FOREST NEWBIGGIN

Common crazing land Enclosure bank Possible enclosure bank

ONE MILE FIGURE 24 TYPES OF ENCLOSURE BANKS IN ETTERSGILL

Am The least pronounced type of bank, often showing only as a slight feature running across a field. It shows a slight ditch on one side,,usually no more than one foot deep. This type of bank could be the result of ploughing out of a larger feature, such as B or C below, or was perhaps the foundation for a fence or hedge.

B. A very pronounced feature, forming a very effective boundary. A high bank rising from the general level of the field on one side, with a deep ditch on the other side, in some cases up to five feet deep. One example of this type has a thick hedge growing at the bottom of the ditch, which still forms an extremely good boundary at the present day.

C. The least common type, but quite distinctive where it does occur. This bank stands about two to three feet above the general level of the field in which it occurs. There is a slight ditch on either side of the bank, which has a flat top. This type of bank, although distinctive does not form any kind of boundary feature at the present, and was possibly surmounted by a fence or hedge in the past.

Source: survey by the writer in October 1969* TCPES OF ENCLOSURE BANKS IN ETTERS^ILL

B. /

JLUC. L FIGURE 25. RECLAMATION7 IN ETTERSGILL: A RECONSTRUCTION.

Sources: Survey of the Manors of Raby, Brancepeth and Barnard Castle, 1612. flP.R.O.) Plan of Ettersgill Farms in the Manor of Middleton and County of Durham, belonging to the Rt. Hon. Henry Earl of Darlington, surveyed by Jeremiah Dixon, 1763. (M.E.O., cupboard at rear of office). Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham ...belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769* (M.E.O., small map store). Field Book and Plan of the HPownship of Ettersgill, I847-63. (M.E.O., bookshelves of small map store). RECLAMATION IN ETTERSGILL

A RECONSTRUCTION

MIDDLE FOREST NEWBK-SIIJ

Common grozrtg land

Land enclosed before 1612

Land enclosed between 1612 & 1769

Land enclosed between 1769 & 1848

ONE MILE JMC. FIGURE 26 ENCLOSURE PATTERNS: THE PROBLEMS OF CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION

Sources: a) 1769 Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham...belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769. (M.E.O., small map store).

b) I848 Farm Book and Plan of the Township of Ettersgill, 1847-63. (M.E.O., bookshelves of small map store). UJ

o OD

CO r— CO LjJ a: CO LU O r— Q_ CO LU CL LU LU _J O Q_ CO

r— LU ID C-J FIGURE 27 1. UPPER TEESDALE FARMS 1600-1640 and 1660-1700

Source: Various Probate Inventories for Middleton and the Forest of Teesdale, 1600 - 1700. (Pal $ Dip.)

Note: C = cattle S = sheep H = horses F = farmyard animals, ie. poultry, pigs. Hy = hay Co = corn W = wool UPPER TEE SCALE FARMS

1600-1640

Hy&Co

THOMAS BAMEBRDGE BRIDGEHOUSE MIDDLETON 1915

lAveroge figures for Average figures for Khe Forest of Teesdale Middleton Tolal o» a farms Total of IB farms

MVCHAELL ROBM50N ROGER NEWBYE ETTERSGILL ISM POWTREE 1619

1660-1700

H RAIIH ATKINSON COCKLAKE W70

H ^ W ANTHONY PAIGE HUNT HALL 1672

CHRISTOPHER PFRKIN STAMGILL HEAD 1687

C S RICHARD RICHARDSON BROMEBOARD HOUSE MIDDLETON 1660

Average figures For Average figures for the Forest of Teesdale Middleton Total of 11 farms TOTalof 36farms

20I HL cIstBI JOHN ROBSON ETTERSGILL 1662 POWTREE 16B7

JMC. FIGURE 28 LAND USE IN L848

Sources: a) Harwood. Farm Book and Map of the Township of Harwood, I847-I857. (M.E.O., bookshelves of small map store).

b.) Middle Forest. Farm Book and Map of the Township of Forest and Frith, I847-I857. (M.E.O., bookshelves of small map store). LAND USE IN 1848

HARWOOD

MIDDLE FORE S"

MIDDLE FOREST

HARWOOD

ETTE RSGIL t

Ntaao Potur*

smnin 'iraxmg Land

ONE "ILL FIGURE 29 LANS USE IN I848

Sources: c) Ettersgill Farm Book and Pifan of the Toirciship of Ettersgill, I847-I863. (M.E.O., bookshelves of small map store).

d) Newbiggin Farm Book and Plan of the Township of Newbiggin, I847-I863. (M.E.O., bookshelves of small map store). LAND USE IN 1848

ETTERSGLL

MILIDLC. HOAEST

NEWBIGQN

Paiturt Aram anting LOM

ONE NILE FIGURE 30 UPPER TEESDALE: LAMP USE IN I848

Source: Farm Books and Maps of the Townships of Harwood, Forest and Frith, Ettersgill and Newbiggin, 1847- 1857« (M.E.O., bookshelves of small map store). _J a LU

1 1

3 ° fe v o j s s ^ 1 2 I • • n . FIGURE 31 UPPER TEESDALE COMMONS AND STINTED PASTURES

Sources: a) 1769 Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham...belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769» (M.E.O., small map store).

b) 1848 Plans of all the Upper Teesdale Commons, Stinted pastures and Allottments belonging to the Duke of Cleveland, I848. (M.E.O., cupboard at rear of back office). UPPER TEESOALE COMMONS AND STINTED PASTURES

1769 n

Great ^Common Langdon Common

Ettersgill

Common L.B.C.

Middleton Common

L.B.C. Langdon Beck Common.

No stinting is recordeda t this time

1848

Horwood Common Great omm.

Langdon Beck Common

West Ellersgill Common Common

Middleton L.B.R Outer Pasture

Back EP Common Lords Allot ment u Middleton Inner Pasture

Harwood Pasture. L.B.P Langdon Beck Pasture. Hurlh Pasture. EP Ettersgll Pasture. Enclosed land s Stinted u Unstinted . ONE MILE FIGURE 32 THE LEAD INDUSTRY IN UPPER TEES DALE

Sources: 1732 Map of the Forest of Teesdale and the Lead Mines therein belonging to the Right Honourable the Lord Barnard, 1732. (S.E.O., large store, Drawer 7)» 1769 Plan of the Manor of Middleton in the County of Durham...belonging to Henry, Earl of Darlington, 1769. (M.E.O., small map store). 1810 Bailey, A General View of the Agriculture of the County of Durham. (London: Phillips, 1810). I89I Whellan, A History, Topography and Directory of the County Palatine of Durham. (London 1894» 2nd Edition).

Note: 1 : the Eggleshope mines, including Fleakbridge and Mannergill. 2 : the Hudshop mines, including Coldberry, Redgroves and Skeers. 3 : the Pike Law mines. 4 « the Ettersgill mines. 5 ? the Langdon mines. 6 : the Harwood mines. 7T

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