Spdng 1995 Volume 6 Number I A\ F,S.00

$Spdng 1995 Volume 6 Number I A\ F,S.00$

Spdng 1995 Volume 6 Number I a\ f,s.00

n USE YOUR HEAD

THE I NTERNATIONAL USE YOUR HEAD Vol 6 No I Sprint 1995 Editor-in-Chief FESTIVAL

Edito.ial aoard CONTENTS Ray Keen€ OBE Sir Brian T*y KCMG FEATURES INTERVIEW wlTH TONY BUZAN The 'Festival of the Mind' celebrates the 2lstanniversary of Tony The Briin Fo"nd2ri.n Buzan's Use Your Heod. We talk to the l.4ind Mapping master. The Harlelord llanor Estate

Buckinghamshire S!7 zDX BURTAH ON THE ROAD Burmah Petroleum is the main sponsor of th€ 'F€stival of the Mind'. Tel: (0628) 48276s 10 (inside UK) \r'e spok€ to Managing Director Rikki Hunt about his belief in a +44 67A 4A2765 'thinking orSanisation'. BRAIN OF THE YEAR The ednor r€sms th€ rish! ro The winner of the I 995 Brain of the Year a.,/ard will be annou nc€d at shorten, amend or .hd.Ee any t6 the 'Festiyal of the Mind'. We profile the leading contenderc. con tibution acc ep te d fo r pu bli.aiion. Plesesubmii contiburions on dhk (ASCll or Word are ihe preferred HEAD TO HEAD formB) if possible.lfyou would like Curr€nt and form€r World Memory Champions,Jonathan Hancock ariicles returned, d6s include an 22 and Dominic O'Brien head head ina memory challenge at willgo to theAlb€rtHall. The t€rm dnd conceptMind l.ap referred to in this publi@rjon i5 a

P6cub, themrld's tasiest bnin arbonhi is happ/ to poide carioons based on you ideas and 4 Editolial .equesB. All carbons are by Paub, Flashes ex.ept lor paEe 52. which is by 5 Synaptic 27 Amazing llemory Siories

Desisn, arMrk and t/pe*rting bt 44 l,'usic for the ind - Ben Zandel 4A fhe Thlee Artistsr Lorraine Gilln Barry llartin and P6cub 50 Getting Ahead - Lana lsrael 5t Successful Juggling - ichael Gelb 52 Looking Forward, Looking Backward - Barry Buzan

Deid A$enborcugh, John M4o., Muhammd Ali- Nelbn Mandel:

G rt Kspard/Peniium Genius sPora But.ou ln@hdbnol Raymond Keene t6lry 6[er l-

The oraanisers would like to thank the followina,all of whom have contributed to OF THE MIND the str.ess of theetrnt: AlphalearninS lnttitute: Admn.ed lrediaGroup;

BBC Publithing; British Dyslexia Astociationr Burmah Petrol€um Fuels Ltd:

Casile Royle f4ind and Body

David Berylasand the lYagic Circle; David Burri

Encf clopaedia Eritannlcai Entrepreneu6 Unlimited:

RADIANT THINKING: Co@r House Publching; THE TIND TAP TODE 28 lntelliSence lnsft ute, Amsterdaml For many people Tony Buzan's technique ofMind l4apping has revolurionised the way that information can be visualised. Now, with lnternational Chess Writers the development of the KUBUS@System, €ven mor€ is promised.

Kat Kwikl COTPUTER GHESS: IS THE GATE UP FOR TAN? 32 Chess playinS programs are getting faster and st.onger. \nr'illthe NACE: advance of the machin€s prove relentless? GnndmasterRaymond

llll{D SPORTST PSYCHOLOGY OF THE CHAMPIONS 38 The Academy, Amsterdam; We have recently witnessed an explosion of interest in mental combat. Tha A exandcr Schoo: Tony Buzan examines what makes the bestcompetitors tick-

Vanrate Producrions & EEnts Ltdj

THE BRAIN CLUBCHARTER A Discovery of ind apping - 54 The Brain ClubMs incorpoated oi I 5 l.lay I t89, and became a reEistered George Hughes charity on 23 Norcmber 1990.lts of' The Of ficiator of the ltemory 55 ficial charter states che Club\formal Championships - David Berglas A. To promote research inlo the Obituary - Paul Collins 56 study of thought processes, and Intelligenceaboutlntelligence 60 into the inestigation of the mechanics of thinlanga manifested Animal Intelligence 6t in learnlng, 0ndeBtanding, com' A Challenge to Youth - Blian Lee 64 munication, problemiolvint, The Use Your Head Club A 66 creativity and decision-makin8. - History B. To dhseminate the resultsof [r6e Your Head CIub News 67 su(h re*arch and study. C. To promot€ gene.ally education and tEiniog in cotnitire Proc- e$es and rechniques. D. To derelop and exploit new te€h niques in coEniti@ proce$e' USE YOUR HEAD SPRING i 995

USE YOUR HEAD EDITORIAL The Festival Arrives!

The editor welcomes A few years ago, the BBC realised that 'comingout of the book and also the birth cont.ibutions to Use there Ms an extraordinary phenomenon in of the conceptof l'4ind l'4apPing.This e\€nt Your Head. Pleaae their worldwide publishing statistics - a has expanded to become the Festival of contact him at 23 book thatwas breakingallthe rules of the Mind' Ditchling Rise, standard educational bookpublishing The A number of people haE worked very B.ighton, Susser irsual characteristicof salesinthismarketis hard to make this happen. Particular thanks for rhere to be an immediate and raPid are due to the followinS: BNI 4QL lor far on of o1273 6754A61, peak, followed bya decline to almost noth- The OrSanisinS Committee consistinS ing- However, one particirlar book was Tony Buzan, Raymond Keene, Vanda and selling more aod North, Sir Brian Tovey, Lady Mary Towy, Boxed in by Life's buckingthe trend years This Samantha Smith,James Lee, Bridget PhilliPs, Compromises? more €opies as the Prosressed book was, ofcourse, Us€ Your Heod As a Lynn Collins and Naomi Moscovic; Step intoa new fram€work resuk of this extraordinary the Kirsty Wright, Eileen Woods and rhat provides an instantso Phenomena BBC and others decided to have a spe l'lichael Woods of Vantnge; lution to your most endur cial2lst birth&y partyto celebrate the Nick Gingellofthe Albert Hall. ingdilemmas. Rosamund Zander, Transformational Therapist to indlviduak, ilission Statement llom the Organising Committee families and organisations .lemonstrates the mind s ca- This dayatthe Albert Hallhas been in the Planningfor manyyears Ever since Tonv pacity to create new reali Buan firstpublished his epoch making book Use YourHeod there has been an im- des by akering the contexts perative to celebrate it and its Slobal€ffect on mentalliteracy in truly aPProPriate through which we experF fashion- Fightyears ago this imPerative crystallised into alirm decision to hire Lon- €nce life. don's premier concertand exhibition centre the RoyalAlbert Hallforthis manifesta- Bringquestions, prob- tion ofthe powers of the human mind.The day has finally come! Enjov it!l lems and dreams to this workshop which willbe Raymond Keene, Committe€ Coordinator held at the'Festivalof the l4ind'. Embark on a voyase ro^l &n* e&'€' Dr Marion Tiniley o3t02t27 - o3to4l95 RIP

Use Your Heod is published qoarterly. Please contact the Brain Fo0ndation (address on USE the contents page) to suscribe. Y('UR HEA USE YOUR HEAD SPRINC 995 '

SYNAPTIC FTASHES LaIesI Brain News

Trekkie Award bought the manus€ript for personalpleas- After a delay of fou r years, the Brain Trust ure butwillloan itto museums around the wasfinallyable to present it! Posthumous world, beginningwith an ltalian museum Brain of the Y€ar award for l99l to Gene 'r.hich willhave itforthe firstyear, thereby Roddenberry, the oriSinatotoI Stot ftek returning itto its plac€ oforiSin, if onlyfor Befor€ an audienc€ of 5.000 trekkies,Tony Buzan was invit€d by the organisers to present the Leonardo TroPhy to Rick P'€r- Loo6e Bonding man,the producer of sto.Irek. The award Ata recent meeting of the American Physi- cer€mony was Sreeted with raPturousaP- calSoci€ty in Sanlose, California, it was re- pla'rse by the multitudeand Tony seized this realed that scientists in the US have discov- timely opportu nity to announcethe Brain ered a molecul€ composed of iust two heli- Trust's ewnt on 2l Aprilat thesamevenue. um atoms that h both the lonS€stand the .,rcakest chemical bond everfound. Classi- Kitten Brains cal physics would suSSest that two bound Scientists inJapan ar€ developinga brain atoms should sit no morethan l4 thatcan match the thinkinSabilityofa kit- anSstroms apart, but the helium atoms ar€ t€n, itwas announced r€cently. Usinga seperated b/ an apparently enormous av€.- super-computer developed at the l'4as- age 62 angstroms, Roland G€ntry and his sa€husetts lnstitue of T€chnolog/, which team at th€ University of Minnesota have can update 200 million cells persecond, re- discovered. Atoms of most elem€nts, such searchers at KansaiS€ience City, Kyoto, as hydrogen, oxySeo and carbon, form tiSht hope to create an artificial nercus system chemicalbonds by sharing electrons with consistingof 1,000 n€urons. They Plan to their neighbours, but heliumatomsare un- elol\€ netrcrks that can controla robot able to do this because its electrons already with behaviour similarto thatofa kitten- have a stable configuration.

Leonardo ReYisited lletting Galaries Regular r€aders willrecallthat in the last A computer program that can classifygal' issue of Use Your H€od magazinew€ carried axies accordinS to their shap€ just as wellas a piece on Leonardo daVinci's CodeY, the a human expen is nowdailable. Galaxies manuscript that pred icted the invention of com€ in a variety of shap€s and sizes, havinS the submarine and the steam engine. The been lormed under different conditions and Codex was purchased for $S0millionatan behave in slightly d ifferent ways. While auction in NewYork by l'4i€rosofCs fou nder som€ are easy to classify, others are more and Chairman BillGates. Recently l'lr Gates difficulr explained his purchase in the 6uo.dion, Ofer Lahav of Cambridge's lnstitut€ of revealing that he has had a keen interest in Astronomy and international collaborators, Leonardo sinc€ the ag€ of l0 and that he haw dev€loped a program that behaves like belie\€s that Leonardo was one of the most i ner,,vork of livingcells. This artificialneu- amazingpeople who ever liv€d, a true ralnetworkcan learn from human expens polymath who excelled in science, painting and then come up with galaxy classifications ofatsown.ln a test inlolving six human ex_ The Codex not€book particularly pertsand 8ll galaxies, the humans w€re fascinates Gites because it contains da unable to performany mor€ successfully Vin€i's speculations on hydraulics, cosmolo$/, astronomy, geolo8y, Over the next f€w years, it is €xPected palaeontoloSy and other topicsand includes that mor€ than a million new Salaxies will more than 300ofhis illustrations made be chined. Now, much of the drudgery of

between I 506 and I 508. Gat€s says h€ classifying them can be l€ft to a machine. U5E YOUR HEAD - 5PRIN6 '995

INTERVIEW WlTH TONY BUZAN Tony Buzan recounts What led to th€ 2l st birthday being served. Since that time the originalconcePt the genesie of the held at the Royal Albert Hall? of the event has exploded into agjant'Festi- valofthe Mind'- a festivalfor launchingthe find l|apping story. ln the chapter con- It is a fascinating global initiative on l'lental Lit€racy and the concept, while Vanda in Ure Yotr Heod, it is cerning memory €xtraordinary discoveries that are being I{orth erplains the be made pointed out that for anythinSto made about intelligence and th€ human mechanics ol ltind in some way, be out- llapping. memorable it must, mind aswe hurtle toMrds the 2lst cen standinS. V\6 wanted to make the e!€nt tUry' so both memorable and outstandingand As th€ date approached additional events ndv on for a location that the search was ind th€mes haveemerged and coincidenc€s Hallemerged would fit the bill.TheAlb€n haw sprunS up. For example, itwas realiEd for this as the absolutely ideal candidate that the 2lst Aprilis actually the queen's party of the century. APan from €ver/thing 'r€al' birthday. Furthermore, researchers at like a head - the els, itactually looks Siant the Alb€n Halldis€owred that PrinceAl- London - the perfect brain in the centr€ of berthad actually designed th€ Hallto cel a global on the brain, tocation for ev€nt ebrate the mind and to promote,as memory and learning. Leonardo da Vinciwould say,'the scien€e the decision wa! madesix As soon as of art and art of s€ien€e'. The €vent has y€ars ago, the dat€ was immediately re- truly become a muki-levelled c€lebration. Itseemsas if Mind l.lappina has been around for ever. lvhat is the actual history of its genesis?

It all start€d when I was a boy of seven in Kent.lcametop ofthe class in an exam about natu re, whil€ my friend finished bot- tom.lcouldn't understand this. as I knew forafactthatmy friend was much more knowledg€able about nature than lwas. He could. for example, identifyany livingcrea- ture by itsflight pattern.This paradox Puz- zl€d me (at the time ldidn't have the knowL edSe to realise that h€ was illit€rate) and I immediately beSan to question the conc€Pt of intelligenc€. Who was or was not to sa/ who was or was not intelligentlAnd who ind€€d was to definewhat intelliSence was? Th€ next major step occurr€d when I

was I 4. I was given numerous t€5t5 on intel_ ligence, readingspeed and memoryand was told that I would never b€ abl€ to change the results. As well as infuriating me. I found this difficultto understand. Aft€r all, physical ex€rcise makes you stronger so why USE YOUR HEAD SPR'NC I995

shouldn'tthe right kind of mentalexercise big telling was I 5 years of worldwide t.arel improv€ your mental performancel I imme lingon lecturetours to academic, business diately began to work on this problemand and Sovernment institutions. The next quickly realised that if lhad the righttech- €!€ntoccurred at the beginning of the nique then my r€sultswould surely im- 1990s with the establishment byVanda prow. k was at this stag€ that I also realised North ofthe Buzan Centres wher€ P.adiant that the leastproductive method of trying Thinking lnstru€tors are trained in th€se to understand asubjectwasto take notes.l educational methods. Next came the publi found them borangand worthless and the cation in 1993 by the BBC of the'son of more ltook the less I seemed to unders- UseYou. Head'- Ihe /vitnd l4op 8ook. This was the summary of40 incredibly exciting The story continues when, attheaS€ of y€ars of research. The nextbiS piece in th€ 20,while I wa! studyingatthe Univ€rsityof iigsaw will, ofcourse, be the 'Festival of the British Columbia,l b€gan to,aork seriously Mind'at the Albert Halland re wait with on improving my memory and not€-taking Sreat exp€ctation to see what extraordi- and this work develop€d into two branches. nary events and happeninSs can occur be- i) lstudied the nature ofmemoryand es- tween us goinS to press now and the event pecially that wh ich is recall€d. This inevita- its€lf. bly must include imageryand association. Do you know howmany people hav€ ii) lsimilarry studied the note-taking heard of Hind Mappingl methods of the great brainsand obseryed that, without exception, theyallused im- I have a good idea! Sur!€ys have been taken connectat€ a8es, pi€tures, arrow! and oth€r to estimate how many People hare heard of devices, while those who did worse in aca- the idea of Mind l'lappinsand, although demic studies made only linear notes. thes€ are not yet concluded. ,,rc already The result of this €ombined study was know that it is in ex€ess of 200 million.l'ly the evolution ofthe concept of Mind MaP- goal is to haE I 0% of planet mentally liter- pins. ate bythe beginninSof 1999 and lam there- The more ldiscover€d,the mor€ excit€d fore always inter€sted in ideasfor helping lgot. I felt like the discoverers ofTu- more people to become aware of the con- tankhamun's tomb. First of alllhad peer€d cept. lf anybody has any, l wou ld be de- throuSh a keyholeand seen the vague lishted to h€ar from them. shapes of what could possibly be fantastic anefa€ts. Then I had entered the barelyJit room and witnessed the incredible potentialof its contents- Finally,lhad managed to castlighton thewJth of tr€asure that I

First of all they had peer€d into the darkn€ss and found a few pots. Then thel looked around cornersand sa/ statues. caskets and many more fantastic artefacts than theycould possibly have imigined. These included aSiantgold box the size of a room- When theyop€ned this theyfound anotherSold box inside and then another. lnside thiswas a coffin and inside this coffin

I imagine thatyou must have immediately had the urge to communicate

Yes ldid. lwanted to ven/ much and stilldo. The first communication ofthe discovery was the Use You. Heod book and the BBC TVseriesofthe sime name,which was re- peated ewry year for t€n years. The next USE YO UR HEAD 5PR'NC I995

What i5 a ltind ap? A flind Map isa porerful Sraphic technique Enable you to plan routes/make choices. which pr@ides a universalkey to unlockinS Let you knowwhere you are going,and the potential of the brain.lt harnesses the where you have b€€n. fuil range of corticai skills - word, imase, Gather and hold largeamounts of data. number, logic, rhythm, colour and spatial Encourage daydreaming and problem- awareness - in a single, uniquely pow€rful solvinS by looking for c.eative pathways. manner.ln so doin& it Sives you the free- Be extrem€ly efficient. domto roam th€ infinite €xpanses ofyour Be enjoyable to lookat, read, muse o/er brain. The Mind Mapcan beapplied to every asP€ct of lif€ where impro/ed learning and clearer thinking will enhan€e human ind l|ap Laws I Start in the centre with an imaSeofthe Originated in I 970 by Tony Buzan, M ind topic, using at leastthree colours. l'4aps are now used by millions of people 2 Use imases, symbols, codes and dimen- around theworld - from the ages of5 to sion throughoutyour l,lind l,1ap. 105 - whenever they wish to use th€ir 3 Select key words and print using upper brains more eff iciently. or lorer.ase letters. Similar to a road map, a |4ind Map will: 4 Each word/image mustbe aloneand on its Give you an overview of a larse subiecd USE YOUR HEAD. SPR'N6 '99J

5 The lin€s must be connected, strrting ingfrom thin nib to hiShliShter. from th€ central image. ln the centr€ lines 3 Selectthetopic. problem orsubjectto be are thicker, organic and flowinS, going to Mind Mapped. thinnerasth€y mdiate from the centre. 4 Gatherany mat€rials, research oraddi- 6 Make th€ lines the same l€nsth as the 5 Start in the centrewith an image-approx 7 Use colours -your own code - through- 6cm high and wide for A4 and locm for A3. out the lvlind l'4ap. 6 Usedimension, expression and at least I D€velop your own personalstyle of Mind three colours in the centralimage in order Mapping. to attnct attention and aid memory. 9 Use emphasis and show associations in 7l'4ake the brinchesclosest to the centre rw?'vy' your Mind Map. thicker, attached to the image, and l0 Keep the Mind l4ap clear by using Radi- (orsinic). Place the BasicOrdering id€as ant hierarchy, num€rical order or outlines (BOls) or chapter heading equi\alents on to embEce your branches. 8 Branch thinnerlines offthe end oftheap- How to ind lilap propriate BOI to hold supportingdata I Turn a larg€, white sheet of paper land (most important closest). scape, or usea Mind l4ap Pad. 9 Use imases wher€ver possible. 2Gathera selection of coloured p€ns, rang- l0 The image or word should always sit on a line of the sam€ length. ll Use coloursas yourown sp€cialcode to show people, topics, th€mes, dates and to make the Mind l4ap more beautiful. l2 Capture all you r or othert ideas, then edit, re organise, make more beautiful. elaborate or clarify as a second stage of thinking.

lNind ilaps

USES BENEFITS Leaming Reduce those'tons ofwork', feelgood about study, review and exams. H e confidence in your learninS abilities. OYerviewins see the whole picture, the global vie4 at once. lJnderstand the links and connections. Concentrating Fo€us on the task for bett€r results. Memorising Easy r€call.'See'th€ information in your mind's€ye. organising Parties, holidays, projects, anygroup of facts. l4ake it

Presenting Speeches are clear, relax€d and ali!€. You can be at your

Communicating ln allforms with clarityand concis€ness. Planning orchestrat€ allaspects, from beginningto end, on one

lleetings From plannin& to agenda, to chairinS, to takinS the minutes... The iobs a.€ completed with speed and

Training From preparation to pres€ntation they make the iob

Thinking Known a! the 'way-station' for you r thoughts. Negotiating Allthe issues, your position and maneouvrability on one

Brain Blooming The n€w brdin-storminS in which more thouShts are .d,- generated and appropriatel/assessed. t0 USE YOUR HEAD . SPRING T995

BURMAHT THE DEALER'S DEALER Burmah Petroleum are the main sponsol for the 'FeatiYal ol the find'. We spoke to managing directot Rikki Hunt about his management philosophy'

Could you giYe us a brief sketch of How did you become aware of TonY your career to date? Buzan and techniques such a5 Mind Mappingt I start€d work as a retailer and marketer, mainly with supermark€ts, where I was a I first read Use Your Heod a long time back - | manager for Fine Fare and safeway befor€ think it must hav€ been about l5 y€ars a8o - becorning a franchise directorfor Circle K and had to read it three times before I re- convenience stores (form€rq/ Sperrings). t ally 8ot to grip! with it I personalv started switched from food into oil in I 988, when I to us€ Mind Mapping in about 1983 or 1984 ioined Elf as Marketing f4ana8€r and joined but hadn'! thouSht about teaching it to oth- M th. read I 99 I I to think about the way I A!n& @tadk.lhe my present company, Bu rmah, in J une ers until start€d as Managing Director. want€d to develop p€ople in my comPany. USE YO UR HEAD SPR'NC T 995 t2 USE YOUR HEAD. SPR'NC I995

Then, by chanc€, at H€athrowAirport I Ourvision issimple - to be the number came across a copy of RodiontThinkingand one supplierto the independent market. this acted asa promptfor me to look at Our mission is simple - to achier€ thevision Mind Mapping again. throuSh impl€mentin8 ou r 'Dealer's Deal€r' strategy. Our valu€s ar€ clear. V\6 haw Howdo you regard your ideas about even consciously notcalled them valu€s but being distinctive com- business as Grcundrul€s becaus€ this isa much clearer pa.ed with standard practice? way of saying to people - here is the way Where I belie\€ my views are totally differ- we want you to act- itsetsthe background entfrom the mainstream falls into two for them. Our Groundrules are also easily main areas. Firstly myapproach to the com- remembered using th€ mnemonic muni.ation ofvkion. mission and values is IOUCHAPand are: different. l believe that mostcompanies over-compli€at€ and over-intellectualise As indiyidualsand groups of individualsre th€s€ - which is why they don'trcrk. are seen to b€ continuously seekinS to improve relationships, Proc€ss€s, ourselves and the ComPanY's

Ownership \nr'e approach the way in which we makeand tak€ decisions as if we owned the Company, its di- r€ction, successes and problems and as if we w€re spending our

Understanding e w€,aork hard to understand by listeningto the position of each pany in any of our relationshiPs, value differences and acc€pt that they,like us, will have objectives

'Can do'approa€h \,r'e are positive in lookingfor ways in whichwe can help each other do what we beliew is riSht for the Company, rather than USE YOUR HEAD 5PRiN6 I99J t3

iustlisting reasons why somethinS won't ing processs as the key to developmentof people. Again, I think that a gr€at deal of Honesty the literature about thinking is wriften in an We do what we say we will, with defined overly intellectual fash ion. This is unneces- but nothidd€n agendas and r€gard beinS sary and creates difiiculties forcomprehen- open and honestabout ours€lv€s and oth- largue that if we communicated with lN/ailability each otherusinSth€ language that we use You can get to us, we willreturn yourcall, on a day-to day basis rath€rthan usingthe w€ respond to your messages, you know 'language of the int€lligentsia' w€ ',rcu ld all deElop morequickly. For one thingwe Professionalism would recognhethat the 'intelligentsia' do We showattention to detailare well-pre- not have a monopoly on thinkinS or devel- pared, knowleds€able in oursubjectand fo- opment- re can alldo this. Linked to this js cused in terms of our objectives and Priori- my belief that people mixtraininSand development. lseetrainingas improvingskills Aumoh ore on enthLsiost. sqonsot of The second way in which my views are and so asiob related. True development or the lacot faotbon hdsue .lob, Swhdan different is my€mphasis on targetingthink growth is more cerebraland to dothis peo- t4 USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING I995

ple ha/€ to activ€ly lvork at their thinking tains (this is of course assuming th€ old dog processes. I really do believe that if lchange the way you tfiink your actions will b€ af- Howdo you int€grate techniques such as Mind l.lapping into yourdevelop- I believe that if a Do you believ€ in a company culture? company has a lbelie!€ creating a cultur€ is as simpl€ as As one ofa series of techniqu€s that are of- 'bad' culture it is saying'Here's how w€ w:nt you to act' and f€red to people-a kind of'menu'oftech- our Grcundrules ar€ th€ foundrtioh ofthe niques. When we ha,/e a deElopm€ntse$ the fault of the di- culture \rc want to pre\ail. sion lemphasis€ that w€ mustfocus on the rectors and man- Where ldifferfrom most psple in this thinking that has taken plale ratherthan agers - they set area is tfiat I beli€ve that if a company has a the outcom€s of that thinking. Some of the the culture. 'bad'culture it is the fault of th€ dir€ctors othertechniques on off€r are six hat think- and manaSers -theysetthe culture. TakinS ing, force fi€ld analysis, etc. Th€ idea is that an €xample, if lam a distanttype of charr€- ercryone is able to use the techniques that t€r then it is fair to say that communication work b€st for them. in my companywould be w€ak,simpl/be- What would you say Burmah offers cause lsetthe trend.lf ldo notcommuni- its employees that other companies cate with staff, they are more likely to b€ dont? poor communicators with my customers.l s€t the 'accepted practi€es'. lwould identify three main areas: A logical extension of this is to say 'if I i)A beliefin the importance ofcerebral want to change the culture of my company, development as the key to real develop, I must start with my dir€ctors and man- mentofthe individual- We don't paylip (lf asers'. ldo notconvince them, the rest service - aswellas a budgetfor this.,t€ spend many hours working on iL Giv€n thatscenario, it is often less dis- ii) The opportunityfor ev€ryone to ex- ruptiv€ to remoE'blo€kageJ (manag€rs or pand their pot€ntial. directorswho you feel will not/cannot live iii) A clearframe of refer€nce, in our your newculture) than it is to tryand put it Groundrules, that €veryone can understand right. Havingsa'd that,lalso belie!€ it is and a clear sense of direction, again that easierto teach an old dognrytricks than it everyone can undersrznd. is to teach a new dog not to chew the cur- USE YOUR HEAD SPRINC 995 t5 ' PREPARE YOURSELF FOR A SHOCK.

Advertisments tell the truth. So before you learn anythinS at

I don't think. Lansdowne - first you learn

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But as quickly as you learn the happens to be fun, it also happens

Same - the goalposts move. ln fact learning for life today So if you're looking for a sixth

involves so much more than a I form college ( and beyond ) sixth form college of the old and you're interested in the

school could offer real world, then $ 1, At Lansdowne we've prepare yourself fo. \^ leerned our lesson s. 'l We believe the sixth I . With Lansdowne form for the twentv first ( CALL US NO!,r' ({ century should have another :r \ oN otTt 58t 4466 FOR FULL DEIAILS OF agenda. I \ OUR A.LEVEL COURSES AND why syllabus \ That's our GCSE PESIT PEVISION. is structured around a core .l

curriculum of life skills and N accelerated learning methods. t6 USE YOUR HEAD SPRlNC I995

BRAIN OF THE YEAR 1995 The winner of the 1995 Brain ol the Year will be announced at the'Festival ol the llind'on April 21. Here we preview the leading contcnderc,

DaYid Attenborough makerforthe BBC. He has been David Attenborough is noted lor his out- responsible forthe series: Life on Eorth standing services to animaland plan€tary in- (1979), The Livi^s Ptonet (t984),Ihe ftiob of telliSence. His wildlife series forthe BBC Life ( 1990) and lhe sec.et rif€ ofPJant! have become some of the mostfascinating (1994) which have won a clutch of awards and popular proSrammes ever made. from bodi€s such asth€ RoyalTelevision His various roles throughout his career Society. the Academy of NaturalSciences have included Controller of BBC2, BBC .nrl British Asso.iation of Film and Director of Programmes and documentary T€levision. Francis Crick Having originally been responsible for the crackingofth€ DNA code, Crick has now moved on to become oneofthe leading lights of8€n€ralbrain research. This polymathic approach is typical of the gr€at

Dr llarion Tinsley DrTinsl€y has been draughts World Cham- pion for45 yearsand is arguablythe most dominant World Champion in anyactivit/. During his reign he has suffered the unb€- lievably small total of only seven defeats. ln r€c€ntyears he has both beaten and held to a draw the computer prosram Chinook -a program capable of cal€ulating l2 million moves per second and havinga database of over 100 billion posit'ons. Anatoly Karpov Karpov was rld Chess Champion betw€€n 1975 and 1985. Although he has had to be content with thestatus of \'rorld numbertwo since beinS d€feated by Garry Kasparov in 1985, he has consist€ntly per- formed brilliantly in tournament play and has managed to sustain the numbertwo Po- sition in the face ofSreatstrid€s by the younSer Seneration. Furthermore, followinSthe split in the chess world, he regained the FIDE Wbrld Championship title, bydefeatinglan Timman of the Netherlands. ln I 994 Karpov crowned a su- USE YOUR HEAD SPRINC I99J t7

perb tournament re€ord by scoring I l/ l3 specialeffects t€chnolo$/and was one of in th€ €xtraordinarily strong Linares sup€r- the biggest-Srossing films of alltime. tournament. This gave him a tournament Meanwile, his S.hindiert Llst swept the board performance rating of 2945 - the high€st at the 1994 Oscars. ratingftr recorded in an individualevent. ln comparison, the highest individualrat- Judith Polgar ing (calculated over a series oftourna- This Hungarian teenage chess prodigy has ments) is 2815. This result result€d in become the first !rcman to enterthe Karpov winn ing the Ch€ss oscar for I 994. world's top twenty chess players.ln 1994 Anatoly Karpov willbe at the 'Festival of shescored a notablesuccess in Buenos the Mind givinSa chess simultaneous Aires, finishingwith a 50% score in aworld- display against more than 30opponents. classfield thatonly lacked theworld €ham- pion Kasparov from amongst the top play- Eill Gates ers. She was then sel€ct€d to play on top BillGates isthe founderand chairman of board for the strong Hungarian team €om the Microsoft companywhich desiSns the peting in the 1994 Moscow Chess software that runs on the greatmajority of Olympiad. th€ lvorld's personal €omputers. At theage of 36 his business success has mad€ him John llajot America s youngest billionaire. Gates' Despite daily pred ictions of hi5 imminent motto is'l can do anything l put my mind to' demise. Britain's Prime Minister has be- and he isrellknown for encouragi.g come one of the longestserving in British Sreater intellectual achievement and cul history. On aglobalscale, he has oudasted turalawareness vvithin his company. He is also noted fora prodigous memory, astoundinS

lnjanuary 1975, Gates took iustfive days to dev€lop and write out an entir€ly newversion of the computer language BASIC. A €onserEtive estimate for a standard expert team, \,rcrking €onventionally on such a task, would be six months. Recentlyhe pur€hased the famous L€onardo Codex for $30 million Gee

Itlichael Gelb l,lichaelGelb isa black belt and teacher at Aikido as wellas being the author of fosr b€st-sellers on the body, the brain and thinking. Gelb isa master juggler as wellas being a TV brain star and top mentalcoach to Chief Executive Officers in the USA.

Steven Spielberg spielbers is the most successful film producer of the lastten years and is noted for his creativ iq,and originality. He h ako re- nowned for his int€llectual ability and indefatiSuability. HisJurossic P,lk made brilliant use of new t8 USE YO UR HEAD - SPRING 1995

approximately 80 Presidents, Prime l'4inis- ters and official Heads of State.

DaYid Hindley David Hindley is noted for hisground breaking research into animaland bird intelligence. He is th€ first investiSator to dis- corer that the skylarksings the equivalent of28 symphoniesaday. He is also known for his brilliantand original teachinS of mlj, sic as wellas his charity,,!ork.

Jonathan Hancock The ne',. World Memory Champion produced an astonishing performance in the final event of the 1994 f4emoriad. Ar the start of the event he was marginally ahead ofthe reign ing champion, Dominic O'Brien, butcard m€morisation (the final event) is Dominic's forte.lf Hancockwas b€aten here, he would have been owrtaken in the overall stand ings. His response to the pressure was fantastic he beat Dominic, the card memorisation king, by 2Tseconds. Watch out for the head-to-head re- match between Jonathan and Dominic at the 'Festival of the lYind'. USE YOUR HEAD . SPRING 1995 t9

Philip Bond Philip Bond, a rop arbitrage cxpertand rader established a newworld record for the matrix memorisation of Pi(10,000 places). Bond has three desress, in business, economics and mathematics and is ako a multi-linguist. Beingan adherent of heaLthy body, hea thy mind, Bond is a keen sporty man and has been inter-university power

Ituhammad Ali l"luhammad Ali, the former heavyweiSht boxingvvorld Champion, has the most recognised face in the history of the world. Desphe suffering from progressive Parkin- son's Disease, he has maintnined an excep tionallyactive schedule for promoting read in8 schemes and literary projects while seeking to emphasise the intelliSence ot the athlete. He is stillconsidered by many other champions, to be the greatest athlete ot the l{elson ilandela Nelson l4andela has masterfully handled the transition of power in South Africa- ln 70 U5E YOUR HEAD SPRINC i 995

this, he has demonstrated exceptional Music Aaards Newcomer of the Year 1994. staminaand determination. ln May 1994 he This gifted Korean-American violinist has was inaugurated as President of South been d€scribed by Yehudi l''lenuhin as th€ Africa. He is dedicated to edu€ationand most wonderful, perfect, idealviolinist I learning as a means of bringing about hav€ ever heard.'The normally taciturn €hange. Grdmophone journal describ€d her performance on h€r d€but CD as follows:'Her tone Sarah Chang is pliant and imaSinatively modulated, whilst Thirteen-year old Sarah Chang is takingthe every purely techn ical aspect of her tech- classicalmusic !rcrld bystorm. She has al' nique seems to be already fu lly formed ...

Lono tsnet, iDint winnet losr yeot utrh ready receired the awards of G ramophone Sarah Chang will enthrall and €aptivate you You ns Artkt of the Year I 993 and Classical USE YOUR HEAD SPRINC / 995 2l 22 U5E YOUR HEAD SPR'NC 995 '

JON'TTHAN AND DOMINIC GO HEAD TO HEAD The'Festival of the ind'will feature a head-to-head memory challenge between the two current leading memory men, Jonalhan Hancock lcurlent championl and Dominic O'Brien lchampion an l99l and 19931. We protile lhe two contestants, including a report by Jonathan Hancock on the trip to Bahrain that waa his prizc for bccolning World ]temory Champion.

Dominic O'Brien his talent and he spent the next six months Dominic O'Brien is theformer\ 6rld analysinS the game and developing his own Memory Champion whose feats in this field strategy for success. Unfortunatel, Do- will already be familiar to readers of Use minic's mealticket prov€d to beatempo- Your Heod ln the 2nd World Memory rary one. Casinos are wise to the Championships, held at Simpson's-in-the- techniques of card counters and Dominic is Strind last year, Dominicfinished w€ll now banned from most of them. ahead of the other comp€titors and estab- ln l99l Dominic panicipat€d in thefirst lished a numb€r of new m€ntalworld ev€r Wbrld Memory Championships, held records. His most impressive feat was per- attheAthena€um Club in London.ln the fi- f€ct recall of one hundr€d diSits spoken at nal,the competitors w€re lined up h€ad-to- the rate of one every two seconds. Dominic head, and each given a pack of cards. On achiercd this, under comp€titive pressure, Dominic's left was the man who had inspired his own crreer, Cr€ighton Carvel- Dominicbeeme interested in memory lo. Dominic started to d€al, turninSthe only s€ven years ago, in early 1988, when he cards ov€r faster and faster, until Creighton watch€d CreiShton Carvello memorise a losthis concent.ation. Dominic won th€ pack of cards on the ry progrrmme [email protected] event and assumed th€ title of World B.€aft€rs. lntrigued, he sat down with a pack l'4€mory Champion. of €ards and set about devisinS his own Dominicdoes not r€coSnise any limits to memory system. His first attempt was far the potential of human memoryand has from auspicious- he took 26 minutesand continued to improve on his records and made el€ven errors. However, Dominic set ever mor€ impr€lsive ones. Hisachieve- persisted and it was not long b€fore he m€nt! include: memorisation ofi pack of could m€moris€ not,ustone pack of (ards, cards in 55 seconds; 35 packs of cards (tnis but s€verdl. H€ achieved his first record of panicular task took l3 hours) and the en- six packs at County Sound Radio, Guild- tir€ set of Trivial Pursuit questions. ford, in.lune 1988. The number Pi (tie ratio of the circum- Ha/ing first been inspir€d by Cr€ighton f€rence of a circle to its diameter) has ex- Carvello, Dominic then obtain€d tunher ened a fascination over mathemiticians for motivation from the film Roin /tlon, in which millenia. Pi, which starts 3.14159255..., is a Dustin Hoffmin plays an autistic sa\,ant with transcendental number. This means it con- a phenomenalmemory ln one s.ene in the tinues indefinitery, without ever dissolving film, Hofiman uses his talent to help his into a repetitive equenc€ of digits. tu such broth€r, play€d by Tom Cruise, cl€an up at it is an excellent tool for memory tests. the blackiack tabl€s in Lrs Vesas. This struck Dominic is currently planningan assault on Dominic a! a potentially lucrative outlet for the first 50,000 digits of Pi This is a phe- USE YO UR HEAD SPRINC I995 23

nomenalamount of information to store in in 1995. However, a slip up in the penulti- memo.y: to read out 50,000 disits at the mate round by Dominic O'Brien, winner of rate ofone per s€cond would take over l4 the previous two events, Save lonathan the hours. Nevenheless, Dominic is confid€nt opponunityto forward his plans byayear, that h€ can committhe numberto memon/ and he did not need asecond invitation. over a period of iust two .,t€eks. lonathan trains his memory regularly, Dominic's feats should serve as an inspi- and isalwaFon the lookoutfor new ideas ration for anyone whowantsto use his or for mnemonicsand memorycodes- ln com- her brain in a more efficient manner. After mon with most other mentalathletes, he is all, inan a8e ofmotorised tmnsporl being a firm adherent of Ders sdno in coryorc sono able to run short distances !€ry qu ickly is (healthy body, healtb/ mind) beinsa keen notaso€ially usefulskill, butthat does not swimmerand tennis player. He claims that prevent usfrom Mntingto keeP fit or his mentalfaculties are considerably sharp from marvellingat the achievements ofath- ened after asession in the pooloron court. letes such as Linford Christie and SallyGun- The new Vvorld Memory Champion is nell. Everyone who feels their brain may currently juggling a number ofactivities in- ha\€ become slishtly flabby and is daunted cludingworking atweekends for Oxford at the prospectof, for example, learning a Radio. Radio rlork prryides agood oppor- new lansuase, should take inspiration from tunity for putting memoryto the test, since Dominic's a€hievements. Training your it involves a gr€at deal th inking on one's m€mory h a form of aerobics for the mind. feeL He is alsowritinga bookon memory, lonothon Hon.o&'s Mindpow€r Systern (to be Jonathan Hancock published inluly by Hodderand Stoushton) When Jonathan Hancock was 16, he devel- and is cu rrently planninS a number of talks lonohon uoncack, the fhaL ond "innins oped th€ ambition to carve his own niche in on memory t€chn iques which willbe used .tu.iDt, .ord nenaftorid eftmfrcn the t994 tAehotud enobled hin to the Gu,ness Book ofReco.ds and perused it at as the basisof l€ctures to schools and com- ,hkh oheod af Donkic O Bien. some length before lininS up his target ac- fkkh tivity. Having consid€red the various options available,Jonathan chose to concen trate on the fi€ld of memory. Having always been interested in mentalsports and card tricks, aworld memory record seemed a

The pursuitofthisgoalled him to com pete in theWorld Memory Championships and in the previous two events, held in l99l and I 993, lonathan captu red the silEr medal. tast year h€ w€nt one betterand clinched the ukimate prize, becoming the 1994 OAG World Memon/ Champion and defeatins Mr Memory himsell Domini€ O'Brien, in the process. Most observers, havinsse€n Dominic in a(tion in previous events, would have offered shortodds on him retaining the title.lonathan, however, upsettheform book to r€gist€r a brilliant

lonathan is 22 y€ars old and comes origi- nallyfrom Middlesborough. He is €urrently livinS in Oxford, having iust completed his English studies forwhi€h he received a first class honours degree. He did notexpect to win the memory championship in l994,as his academic studies had left little time for training. HeMs hopinS instead to Sain second place and to use this as a sprinSboard for a concert€d effort at win ning the event 14 USE YOUR HEAD SPR'NC / 99J

Those agniticent en; Championship was to join them during Jonathan Hancock reports on theirstay in Bahrain,and as lstood with his reccnt trip to Bahrain them in the middle ofthatamazing landing- A whit€, dott€d line. str€tchinS across the strip,I began to realise how appropriate deserr Clean€d, roll€red sand as far as the that prize had been.The information they €y€ could s€€; a landinSstrip created from w€re being present€d with was'uncertain'- nowhere; a victory for dreams over practi how,aould theytndthis landinS site, and calities. how'aould the Vimy's landing-gear cope Sir Winston Churchill said 'tru€ genius with thesandl lt was 'hazardous' - what if r€sides in the capacity for €valuation of un- the wh€€ls skidded, or failed to Srip when it cenain, hazardous and conflicting informa- was timeto take off again? Horses.,rculd tion'. lf that's true, th€n Peter l4cMillan and b€ parad ing €ith€r side of them. but how tanS Kidby are 8€niuses of th€ hiSh€st or- would theanimals react to a noisy aircraft? der.The landinSstrip wa! forthem,and in And the information s€emed moreand th€ baking h€atofa Bahrain morningthey more 'confli€ting'. The wind direction ap- started their evaluation. peared to be changingallth€ time,and That afternoon they would flytheir rep- every member of the organising commiftee lica Vickers Vimy bomberfrom Bahrain had a differentviewof how the fly-past and Airport,and land on th€ sand in frontof landing should take place. thousands of spectators. lt was to be the The two pilots relied on their€xperi- main event of their stop-over in Bahr:in, ence,and on the techniquesand systems the stat€ that had provided much ofthe they had developed and practised.ln money for their historic journey.ln the Bahrain,iustas in every place they landed, larSest ever replica plane, th€y were flying theywouldn't know the exact conditions from England to Austnlia to recreate the untilthevery last moment, buttheir knowl- firsttime thatiourney had been made, in edge and skillgav€ them the confidenc€ t9 t9. they need€d to beable to cope. My prize for winningthe World Memory A powerful memorygives you similar USE YO UR HEAD SPRi NG I995 25

confidence. You develop systems and tech This confidence spil s over to other ar niques, pracrise your skills and hone your eas. Kidby and llcMillan grew as men as the abiiry, rhen resr them in'!ncertain'circum length of theiriourney grewacross the stances. ln daiy life rhis means evaluating flobe. Peter l,lcl4lllan, his friends to d me, and remember ng many different sorts of was becominga skilled publc speaker information; names, faces, numbers, through having to address welcoming com words...ln memory cornPetitions, it means mittees in each new countD,. As they ap doingthe same thingLrnder pressure, in a plied thei. known skills to more and more sitLr:tion where a sinSle slip could be fatal, unknown sicuations, and evaluated more Preparation is vital, but, Lrnti the very last and more challenging information, they minute, you don\ know the exact details of grew in confidence to be able to handle dny' the challenge. Confidence is the key. thing - bureaucratic tangles, as wel as sandy 26 USE 'IO UR HEAD - SPR'NC '995

' to their progr€ss and meeting more and I'v€ grown to appr€ciate the confidence more people, seeing new and amazing coun- that a good m€mory 8ives. Wh€n I talk on tries. They inspired me to expand my own radio or tel€vision, or speak to interested €xperiences and increase my achievem€nts, aroups and confer€nces, I try to make the and to develop a similarly wide r:ng€ of talk itself a demonstration of th€ benefits skills. of memory. Sp€akin8 without notes allows At present, as well as pr€senting pro- yor, to k€€p in contact with your audience, grammes and giving talk, I'm writing my to make them f€el that you ar€ talking to second book on memory. The first, My training pro- them and not ot them. Memory t€chniqu€s Jonathon Honco.\'s Mindpower s)^rem, will b€ gram involves help you to ord€r all your information in publish€d by Hodderand Stoushton injuly, thefirstplace, and to present itin a logical, and is alr€ady giving me the opportunity to swimming, weight- ord€red way. Mostofall, an insiSht into explain to moreand more p€ople th€ ben- memory allows you to make your sp€€ch efits of as w€llas the €x- training and long 'nemorytraining walks, and I'm in- memorable - to keep the audi€nce engaSed, citement and satisfaction it brings. Th€ and to give them information and ideasthat memory championships th€mselv€s ar€ spired by the ex- growingand developing, as interest in mind ample of World I also feelconfidert enoush to handle sportsexpands worldwide, and the future Chess Champion any son of information.ln memorychampi- possibilities are endless. Garry Kasparou onships, the cat€Sories change and com- The'MortalM€mory CombaC at the bin€, but the same basic memory principl€s F€stival of the Mind adds a n€welementto whose physical can beapplied tothemall. For me, the'un- th€ competition, as €omput€rsare brouSht training is as known' factor is what makes it so excitin& in to challenSethe brain ewn funher.The complete as his l-ang Kidby and Pet€r Mcl'4ilhn both un- whol€ eventwillthrow the spotliSht onto study of the derwent physical training before they em- the greatest computer ofall, th€ human barked on theiriourn€y. They found that it brrin, and hiShlights so manydifier€nt chess-board. paid off, but norjust in terms of physical r€- spheres of activity. B€hind success in them sults. As they flew for hours on €nd, facinS all li€s d€dication, mental and physical train- possible danS€rs at every moment, they ing, and the confidence to iourney towards used their physi(al strength asthefounda- any goil - no matter how distant it app€ars. tion for their mentoi w€ll-bein& A healthy ln I 994, if you w€re sittinS in the cockpit mind in a healthybody'; th€ir €oncentration of a Vimy bomb€r at an airfi€ld in England, had to be unwav€ring, and they climbed out Australiawould haveseemed as distant as it of the cockpit each day feeling shattered did in 1919. But Peter t4cMillan and tang mentallyas well as physically. Kidby succeeded in theirtask beatingchal- For me, mental and physicaltaining have lenges and dang€rs €very day. always gone hand in hand - but now mor€ On that afternoon in the Bahrain desert, so than €y€r. fu I set myself greater and they fac€d shiftingsands and poor li8ht, but greater 8oals, I realise the need for bodily thrill€d the crowds with a perfect landin& health as the sprinsboard for m€ntal When they took ofi again, they w€re within achiercment. My traininS proSram involves a f€w feet of crashing off the end of the swimming, w€ight-training and long walks, runway when, to gasps from those watch- and I'm inspired by the example of \ 6dd ing,their plan€ lefttheground and ros€ Chess Champion Garry Kasparov, whose into the sky. They had ,udged it perfectly, physical training isas compl€teas his study butw€re using their skills to push them-

Health, both m€ntaland physi(al, allows Later in the trip they rculd crrsh land you to purcu€ your goals and succ€ed on on an lndonesian beach, but employ all their your own challensinS journ€y. Kidby and ing€nuity to organis€ the r€-building of the McMillan staned from England and settheir plane and mak€ it to glory in Australia. True €y€s to the distance, adding mile upon mil€ USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING 27 '995

AMAZING TEMORY STORIES The Discovery of lhe nutes of Nemory ln his Rhone-Poulenc S€ience Book of the train this facu lty must select places and Year award-winning treatise The Mokk| of form mental images ofthethinSs theywish Menory: tom notecutes to m,nd (published by to rememberand store those images in the Bantam Press and rryiere d in Use You Head places, so that the order of the placeswill magazine, Vol 4 No I ) Professor St€v€n preserve the order of the things,and the Ros€ narrates the storyofthe discovery of images of the things willdenote the thinSs the rules of memory by a poetcalled si- themselves, and we shallemploy the places monides,who laved around 477Bc. and images respe€tiwly as awaxwriting- Simonides' story first appears in De Or tablet and the letters written on it.' atore by the Roman politician and writer Cicero. Cicero re lates how Simonides was commissioned to recite a ly.ic poem in honour of the host of a banquet, the Thessalonian nobleman Scopas. Howerer, the poem also cont iDed prake Jor the twin sods Castor and Pollux which displeased Scopas that hewould only pay Simon id€s half his fee, sugSesting thar the other half be collected from thegods. tater in the banquet Simon ides received a message that there w€re two people waitingto see him and iustaft€r he left the hallthe roof collaps€d, killinS €v€ryone there and manglingthe corps€s into an unidentifiable state. The two young men who had summoned Simonides rere of course Cas- tor and Pollux, takin8 revenge on S.opas and rewardinS Si-

The most remarkable piece of the story was tharSimonides was able to identify the bodies for relatives by remembering the sequ€nce in which they were sit ting at the banquet table. This experience led to Simonides re- alisins the prin€iples of m€mory ofwhich he is supposedly the in- ventor. He had discovered that the fundamentalkey to a good memory is th€ ordered arrlnge- ment of the obte€ts to be re

Accordingto Cic€ro:'He in- ferred that peruons desiring to 7A U5E YOUR HEAD sPR'N6 1995

RADIANT THINKING

For many people Mind Mappingis the corn€rstone of Tony c) Eran€hes comprisea k€y imase or key Tony Buzan's Buzan's te€hnique forusingthe brain to its wo.d printed on anassociated line.ToPics technique of llind fullpotential. Havingstruck upon th€ con- of lesser imponance arealso represented as branches attached to higher level Itapping has cept in the early I 970s, he has continually revolutionised the refined and developed itand r€cently wrote nodal way that information a bookabout itwith his brother, Barr), d) The bnnches form aconnected can be visualised. Buz^n. tn Ihe Mind Mop Book (BBC Books) Now' with the Tonyand Barry Buzan define Mind Mapping 'Mind l'4aps may be enhanced and en development of the riched with colour, pi€tures, codesand di Kubuso System by a 'The Mind Map is an expression ofRadi- mension to add inter€st, b€a'rty and indi- team trom antThinkingand is therefore a naturalfunc- vidual'q/. These in turn aid creativity, Copenhagen, even rion ofth€ human mind.lt isa powerful memor/ and specificallythe recallof infor- more is plomised. graphic technique which Providesa unil€r- sal key to unlo€kingthe potentialof th€ 'l'4ind Maps help you to makeadistinc- brain. The Mind Map can be applied to tion between your mental storag€ copo.itil, every aspect of life where imProved learn- which your Mind Map willh€lp you demon ing and clear thinking will€nhance human strate, and your mental sto"a!Ee efi.ienq, you p€rformance.The l'1ind Map has four char- ',.hich yourMind Map willhelp achieve. Sroring data efficiently multiplies yourca a) The sub,€ct of attention is crystallised pacity. lt is like the diff€rence between a well-pa€ked or badlypacked wareho'Jse, or b) The main themes of the subje€t ndi a library with or without an orderingsys- ate from the c€ntralimage as branches.

A Mind Mop obnut Mi^d MoPPitg USE YOUR H EAD - SPRINC '995 lnnovative Brainpower and methodology, conceptual f ramercrk and This a.ticle is about the Kubu@ System competencies. They cou ldn't communicate. a Yision. A vision of When studying contempo.ary literature on Nothing happened. Henrik Herlau from visual teams using innovation, case stories are always recon- ClEwas €hall€ng€d to find outwhythe the potential ot structed from retrospective bits and pieces. 'cream of youth', supposedly th€ bestbrains intormation society The persons involved willtryto mtionalise in the country,w€r€ unableto come up lor innovation using what factors determin€d theirsuccess - this with anything but €ndless discussions, cof- Tony Buzan's ind is where reconstructions are mostvalid.ln fee and the lowest common denominator. If,aps, his new I ind most cases aiournalistora r€searcher in- Thiswas the start ofthe development of Itlap Plus tor teryiews the company managerand others the KUBUS@ System. DurinS the next four Windows and the to establish theirstory. Nothing wrong years this KUBUS@ mod€lwas developed, KUBUS@ System, We with thar But knowing human's selective tested and improved. ln essen€e the model are at the beginning perception and the urSe to rationalise ret- isverysimple, but its great strength is that of this vision: teams rospectively in ord€rto understand impor- itprovides strocture to the unstructured - of some ol the best tant events in their liv€s,and the reporteri to create orderin the chaos of creativity. studertts from eEn Sreater urSe to rationalise, we know Th€ KUBUS@ System is applied duringthe phase project, dillerent that is not what 'really' happened. chaotic ofa i.e. before uniYersities across thoughtsand knowledge are merged into ln ou. research on innovation and inno- Europe already work vative processes w€ hre {ound that some ideasand projects. The lo8ic of KUBUS@ is with this very interestjng stochastic €lements influ- proEramme. ence the innovative processes *tr,le d'el, ore Whatever subi€ct w€ want to cover occur.ing - not after they hav€ taken place. must€xiston a continuum betw€en what VVe are interested in discovering the mys- we know (documented knowledge) and tery of creativity and innovation and the what we do not know (open questions). KUBUS@System is iust onewayofdoing it. Furth€rmore this subiect can bedealtwith Th's articl€ willexplain how. W€ would be from the area of thegroup's internalre- delighted to hear:boutother systems if sources as well as from the externalenvi ronment (See fiSure l.). Externalresources LeCs go back to 1989 at the center for cover €ven thinSoutside the projectteam. lnnovation and Entrepreneurship at th€ lnternalresources are at the team's dis- Copenhasen Business sch@|. A group of graduat€ students representinS a wide vari- lf w€ nowcombine these four dimen- eq/ of faculties and different un iversities un- sions.,r€ 8et four 'arenas' where the team dertook a pilot course in'lnnovation and can 'play'. These arenas constitute the Entrepreneurship'. The qu€stion was: How frame of r€f€rence (see fisure 2.). could they form teamsand do innovative Ar€nd 2 combines external.esourc€s projects? To which the answ€r was: Th€y with open questions. This arena offers in- couldn't. They had different backgrounds, definite opportunities. Open questions may

FiE I : Docunentotbn ve6us open q.resrions

External resources

Documented Open knolvledte questions Lotte Dargo holds an ,4. in Psychology suBlEcT and is a researcher at the Center lol DATA Innovation and Entrepreneurship at the Copenhagen Business School. 30 USE YOUR HEAD - SPRINC '995

F,g 2; KUBUS@ o.e,os

Documented Open knowledge questions (6) (r)

be answered q/ investigating the immens€ ov€r KUBUS@-4, networks,and find out if amountof data available in the surrounding a team memberknowsa key person who world. Thisarena is called External data. can help.The knowledge of the team must Arend 3 combines internal resou rces be complemented and given feedback from and open questions. H€rethe human re- 'outsiders'. Finally, as the do.umented sources of th€ team are orSanised. The or- knowledge is continuously added and int* ganisation is dynamicand open. Each person grated, it is naturalto pulloverand ask new adds value to the team wherever possible open questions based on the new insights with exp€nise, skills, competen€iesand ex- (see figure 3.). periences. Thisarena is called Th€team. At th€ same timethe modelis dualistic- Arend 4 covers external resources on Iik€ the brain. The right side of the mod€l mor€ solid Srounds.lt dealswith estab (KUBUS@ l,2 and 3) co\€rs the open cr€a- Ihhed contacts to companies, expe.ts ind tive processes whereas the left sideofthe key persons. This arena is called mod€l (KUBUS@4, 5 and 6) aims at mor€ solid knowledge.This duality is further trrend 5 is a combination of internalr€- mor€ exploited in the leadership functions, sources with documentation. This ar€na is which are roles played by team m€mbers often called prci€ct manaSement, but is taking turns. The 'gr€en' leader co!€rs the mer€ly about planningoftime and re- creative pro€€sses .elat€d to KUBUS@ 1,2 sources (e.s. man hours and budSets). This and 3. The'red leader'is responsiblefor arena is called Tim€/resource manage- documentation, networks, and time/resource management. The duality re(l€cted The KUBUS@Modelin fig. 3 consistsof in th€ model links very well with the ra- three diagonals linking €omplementar), ar tionale of Mind l'1appin8. eas. I is complementary of 6, 2 of 5 and 3 A very important tool for the green of4 - like sides ofa dice. Followingthis leaderisTony Buzan's Mind Maps. Thas complementarity,sw,rding orenos tok€s method is used both for recording the inno- ploce octoss he diagonols. vative process as w€ll as for chairing th€ The logic is as follows: When discussing '8reen' part of the meeting. The Mind Map arena 2, €xternaldata, e.g. aboutdoing helps th€ readerfind the difficult balance some marketresearch, it is naturalto pull between creativity and owrflow. over to KUBUS@5 andfind outabouttime The red leader records d€cisions, tasks, and resources available for that task. Arena dites and names. lt is this person's r€spon- 2 will often r€flecr th€ prof€ssional meth- sibilityto make the'besC d€cisionsand to odsoftheteam m€mbers oppos€d to time/ keep upa high discipline regardingdocu- resource manaSemenL m€ntation. Everything is recorded in the When discussins internally (KUBUS@-3) KUBUS@ Template which has been setup who possesses qpertiE in a certain area. inthe form ofa Mind Map in ordertoSive €.g. mark€t research, it is rel€vant to pull the best oveniew of the prcjecc USE YO UR HEAD - SPR'N6 '995 3l

Fg 3j rhe (u8us@ model

The KUBUS@Template has one major the history ofa statement, info.mation function: Communication. The Templat€ without €xformation is empty talk; exfor- coDtains a record of every major move the mation without information is not €xforma team makes. Meetings are r€cord€d, both tion, but just dis€arded information.' process and ideas (sreen Mind Map) as well By commu nicatinS on the basis of exfor as de€isions and tasks (red log). Network mation we beliere a genuine collaborarion contacts are list€d. Week plans are re- can take place betw€en KUBUS@ teams in corded. This demands a high lev€lof team the creation of innovative proiects. discipline. The benefitfor the team is that This vision is already beingformed. The the Template helps the team become a University of London has started a pilot 'learning organ isation', able to reviewtheir KUBUS@co'rrse for underSraduates and a When studying in- su€€esses asw€llas theirfailures in order Cube Centre has been set up at Brookfield novative proc- to learn from them and to learn about in- Business School. Belfasc A KUBUS@te,B esses and crea- novation. KUBUS@teams learn about inno- has been formed in Belfast dealingwith the tivity, vative processes as they are happening. But r€cycling of building waste and thh team Mind Map- this is only possible because ev€rything is collaborates with another in Hillerod, Den- ping has turned r€corded: wrinen materialon the Template mark. The Belfast t€am rcrks in the con- out to be an and KUBUS@ meetinSs on video. textofacitythat needs a lotof rebuilding, portant recording When studying innovarire process€s and and this is an are-a in which the Danish team creativity, Mind Mapping has turned outto already have a lotof know-hw. Communi- tool. be an imponant .ecording tool. Further- catjon occurs via the KUBUS@Templare, so more it is used as a desktop for the the qformation ofthe proiect can be KUBUS@ Template. How€v€r, iust record- shared- Thiswillhelp both teams b€come ingth€ information ofa project is notour 'learninS organisations'. The vision is iob goal What we are looking for is the exfor- creation, both in Ardoyne, Belfastand even- mation ofan innovative proiect - the tually also in Denmark. depth of information. The concept of ex- We look fo.ward to applying Tony formation comes from a Dankh scientist Buzan's newMind Map application for Win- Tor Nsrretranders (MErk Verden. En dows, which willbe pres€nted at the'Festi- beretning om bevidsthed, Gyldendal l99l). valof the Mind'and whichwe hope will He states (my translation): 'Exformation is make the exformation even more €xplicit USE YOUR HETD 5PR'N6 I99J 33

aPC, def€at€d the \ lcrld Chess Champion, markably anthropomorphic terminolosy. Garn/ Kasparov, in a tournamentg.me in 'Chess Genius does not adopt a brute force method, analysing allmdes possible to im- mense depth.lnstead my progrim uses The Case for lhe Computer intelligence to throw out those lineswhich'ts R'chard LanS is an unrecognised British 8€n- it perc€iy€s as not promisinSand searches ius,38 years old, married with two gjrls and moredeeply into the lines itconsiders in- one boy and now livingin Poole, Dors€t t€restin& lt has a lot of chess knowl€dge. lt Lang's modest, unassumingand €y€n retir- knows a gr€at deal about the game.' ing mannerbelies the fa€t that h€ is one of DurinSAugust 1994 in Boston, Mas- th€ sharpest brains working at the fore- sachusetts, a Canadian computer programi front ofanificial int€lligence. lt was his Chinook,,,ron the \ lcrld Championship in comPuter program, Chess Genius,with its draughts, r€placing the human champions RoydoftC K.de rctinE.s MC otthc latd abilityto calculate 3.6 different the The prit million for first time. number ofdiffer€nt Gon l &ere rhe PemiJn Cenius ch€ss positions everyminute that, on positions in drauShts app€ars at firstsight defe4ted wo'td Ch.s Ch@piq 6oq Wednesday AuSust 3 I st I 994, rock€d the to be astronomical, namely ches! world by eliminatingthe world €h€ss champion, Garry Kasparov, from the $160,000 lntel Grand Prix. in London. 'B€fore v,€ beat Kasparov I thought it would be ten to twelve years befor€ com- Puters could €ompete on levelterms with the human champions,'said tan& 'Howeve., after beating Kasparov I .,^/ould now say that this timewillreduce dramatically. One day machines willwin allthe time and take the world title. lt's inevitable.' Lang's program, Chels Genius, retails in disk form for less than fl00 and runs on any IBM-compatible machineand is especially formidable on the Pentium processor. It was this combination that Kasparov faced in this fatefulgame. Chess G€nius has won the World Championship for microcom- Puterson nine occasions, the last of these being at Munich in I 993. This makes Chess Genius the reigning computer champion, just a! Kasparov is the reigninghuman

Lang's profession is computer proSram- ming for commercialchess producB, butas a student his subiectwas physics at London's lmp€rial College. He regards himself as near the lower €chelons of international recoSnition in terms of hisown chessplayinS stren8tfi. 'My British Ch€ss Federation rating would be about 180 which translates to approximat€ly 2070 on the international scale,' said tang.'Never- thel€ss, although ldo not play in tourna- m€nts, my actual understandinS of ch€ss is much great€r, in terms of strites/ and gen-

Herein, perhaps,lies the secret of tang's spectacular and historic triumph against Kasparov. He actually tried to trander his own intelligenc€ into his machine, and when discussing his invention he embraces re- -)"-4r !r* s k\%-:\4- tr E

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Cory KasPorar in Pby oEoinsrbe s00,99s,484,682,338,67 1,693. Chinook, Herr W€iner operates th€ machine in howev€r, was able to excelin draughts pre play, since he is an experienced tournament cisely because of its brute force approa€h. player himselfand can make the mov€s That number, colossalthough it might ap mor€ quickly,while enteringthem into the pear, is infin itesimally small compared to program's memory. His reaction to his the possibl€ number of chess positions, team's victory asainst the World Champion which is approximately that number against was, though, mixed.'lhave been havinga re- but, staggeringly, multiplied by itself.ln peated dream for years that lwould sit oth€r words l0ro for draughts as oppo!€d across the board from the World Cham- to 10" for€hess. Sheer brute force stands pion with our machine and beat him face to no chance in such a forest of numb€rs and face. When itactually happened, though, I this iswhere Lands approach, usinSwhat felt so pitifulfor Kasparov.ltwas a t€rrible he calls the ma€hine's 'intelligence' ro moment. He was so shocked. I almost felt thread its way selectiEly thrcu8h the tangle our victory had been hollow-' ofvariations, has evidently paid ofi Kasparov, who regards himself as being Lang's pa.tner is the 4o-year-old Munich in the forefront of human resistance aSainst architect Ossie V\6iner. HavingdesiSn€d a the relentless advances of the machines. Muni.h s.hoolhe lost inter€stin his initial was clearl/ devastated bythis d€fear Dur- profession and siwitched to the testinS and ing the two-game match it was not e\€n selling of chess computers. 'l provide the necessary to follow *ents on the board to

openings variations for Chess Geniusand I disc€rn what was happening- Kasparov's ako test it continually against all of th€ b€st body language said itall. He spentlonSperi of our rival programs,' Weiner said. 'Chess ods of time fidgeting u ncomfonably, mum- Genius is playing other proSnms all the blingto himselfand shakin8his head in dis- tim€, day and night. They are all connected beliet FollowinS his lensational elim'nation by cables.llook for mistakes, analysethe by the computer, he left thetournament games €ar€fullyand constantly feed through hall immediately, without saying a rcrd to my conclusionsto Richard in England. USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING 37 '99J

Chess proSrams hav€ caused upsers be- next round it came up aSainst the lndian fore, butthese have invariably been in chess Grandmast€r Viswanathan Anand and the 8am€s played at !€ry fast time limits - typi, two games played in this match show€d cally fiv€ minutes pergame. Atthis sonof why computer programs still have a very speed, ev€n world class grandmasters can long way to go befor€ they will be able to make s€rious errorsand upsets are com- score €onsistently aSainst the top players. mon. However, the lntelGrand Prixtour- naments ar€ held at the speed limitof25 Computer First minutes per play€r, which is suffici€ntto For the firsttime in histon/amachine avoid outright blunders and usuallyallows nearly achiev€d an lnternational Master the bett€r player to win. norm in a regular Srandmaster tournament, held in Bad GodesberSat the end of last The Case tor the Humans year. The program, Fritz3 runningon an So, doesthis r€sult herald the beginningof OliEtti90mhz Pentium PC, scored 50%to the end forhuman superiorityin thefield achieve a performance ratinS of ELO 2452. of chessl Many €ommentators rhink so. This puts it in the bracket ofthe top 50 Fred€ric Friedal, a G€rman computerchess players in Germany. The performanc€ was Kasparov is a exPert. predicts that a comput€r willbe more than 100 points better than that World Champion bytheyear 2000. L.:ng a€hieved bythe IBM research €omputer very proud man himslf isa little more circumspecc he pre- Deep Thought in HannoEr 1991, where it and I suspect he viouslythought itwould beten to twelve played in a Gt4 tournamentand was rated simply did not be- y€ars before comput€rs could compete on 2126. Deep Thought costs millionsofdol- Iieve that he level t€rms with the human champions but, lars,whereas Fritz3 isavailable in high followingthis recent success. he now thinks street stor€s tor less than 200DM. could be beaten that this time frame will reduce dramati- The most r€markable asp€€t of the by a mere ma- cally- Even many chessplayers think the FritlP€ntium performanre is that irwas chine. Next time Same is up, complaining that as comput€r not achieved in bliEo. rapid chess butat he will have more Processors be€ome y€t fast€r the ch€ss regu lar tournam€nt sp€ed (trc hoursfor Programs will soon become invincible. forty mor€s). Th€se time controls are sup- respect and be But ldon't believe it!Atthe moment, pos€d to favour humans, so gnndmast€rs better prepared. there existsa kind of coll€ctive lear w€re confid€nt of beating €omputers wh€n amongst the top grandmasters wh€n they th€y had so much time to pondertheir face computer opposition. Knowing that moves.ln Bad Godesberg Fritz, in fact, small tactical inaccumcies will be ruthlessly scored a plus againstthe four Gl4 oppo- exploited and that their opponent will nents with an incredible performance of never 8et nervous or tired, th€y approach 2652 aSainst them. The overallresult was such encounters like rabbits transfixed in notsoSood b€calse, ironically, the weaker the headlights ofan oncoming car. I think lnternational l4asters had prepared for the thatthis is the main caus€ ofChess computer, using identical €opies of the pro- Genius's recent success. Competing against gram, which can be boughtin any chess a computer isacompl€tely different propo- store! ln other \dords, persistence, training, sition from facinS a human opponent but, at determination and sh€er study,will pay off the moment. I have not seen mu.h evid€n.€ against both human and silicon opponents! ofplayers adjusting their strateSy to cop€ tu an amusing conclusion to this argu- with the differing circumstances- Oncethe ment let me quote an €xtraordinary case toPsnndmasters make a concerted effort repon€d in New ir Ct ess magazine issue 8, to study computer chess proSramq in the from 1994. '12-year-old Tommy Friedel same way that they normally prepar€ for (German comput€r expert Frederic Frie- anyserious opponeni then lthink the re, del's son) played t',{o games againstan sults will be very different. Kasparov is a Olivetti t46 Slprema computer with a90 very Proud man and I susp€ct h€ simply did I'lhz Pentium proc€ssor runningthe Chess not belieE that he could be beaten bya Genius program, essentially the same oppo- mere machine. Next time hewillhave mor€ nent that defeated Garry Kasparov. Tommy resPect and be better prepared. decided to copy G randmaster Anand's Th€ Pentium Genius did, in fact, reSister moEs in his two wins againstthe Pentium a furtherupset in the lntel4ntwhen it Genius- Amazingly, the computer obligingly defeated Grandmaster Predag Nikolic in complied and lost two identical games. A the quarter-final sta8e. However, in the triumph of prepamtion!' 38 USE YOUR HEAD SPRINC 1995 MIND SPORTST PSYCHOLOGY OF THE CH'\MPIONS

The last lew years The Growth of llind Sports which we engage in combat, entertain our- haYe seen an Sin€e thedawn of civilization some ren selves, and think aboutour intelligence. Fas- explosion of interest thousand years ago, history has recorded €inatingly, allmaior mind games have fol- in mind sports as that man has been a games player. The ear- low€d an identical Srowth pattern: rellected by the liest writiDgs ofancient civilizations regu Stage I Kasparov Y Short larly make referencetogames similar in A single oriSinatoror smallgroup of origi- World Chess con€ept to tic tac-toe (noughts and nators come up with a new cr€ative ideafor Championship in crosses). As a civilization progressd, so did a game testin8 mental skills. 1993 which had a th€ complexity of its gam€s. Stage 2 prize lund ot The trend of the growth of gam€s over The newgame is introduced to a wider el,7OO,OOO. Tony the centuries has been a fascinatingone, range ofplayers,and a smaliband of Buzan charts this and has nowreached a point of critical mass coSnoscenti forms a loosely knitgroup of amazing that notonlygiEs rise, but inevitably leads, phenomenon. to an evolutionary change in the way in Stage 3 The loosely knit group of mentalathletes becomes an informal'.1,,b' Stage 4 The club generates a club'champion'. Stage 5 The club becomes more formalised, and multiplies, giving birth to other clubs similar in form to the original, each wjth its own

Staae 6 Players emerge who become the recog- nized leaders, experts, theoristsand cham

StaSe 7 Formal competitions are organised, and local official champions appear. Stage I Literature is produced on the background and theory ofthegame, and formalised rules become established game-law. Stage 9 National and international competitions arise, and national champions and a world champion are crowned. Concurrent with this stage is the proliferation ofanicles, magazines and books on the subi€ct,and the erclution of different 's€hools' of thought on the fame. A natural limitation to the growth of Mind Sports has been thefactthar in most 40 USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING I995

the 'Tournam€nt of the l'lind' in Tte ljmes ing th€ survey. Th€ results are shown in and th€ 't'lastermind' programme on BBC fi8ure2. TV have attracted bigfollowings. Hundreds, With this giant Tsunamiofglobal inter- and in som€ cases a thousand or more. €stin a new form of gladiatorial combat - competitors descend on townsand citi€s the M€ntalColiseum, what a.e th€ psycho, for Chess, Bridge, Go, Scrabble, Monopoly loSicaltraits and mentalstrengths that top and other championships, and the demand players need todisplay at thk extraordinary for literature, clubs, playing\€nues and championship level? How do they compare competitions increas€s steadily. with the psychologi€al profiles of€hampi- Evidence is growing that the dominan€e ons in allarenas? How do they compare of physical sports as themore popular with the championship p.ofiles of the great medium of human dpression over Mental chess players of history? And how, most Sports was not the refle€tion ofan innate importantly, do they compare with each preference, butthe reflection ofthe lack of opportunityto express isan Muhammad Ali ... what equalif His visions vic- notgreater interest in the mentalarena. The Oualities ol a Champion of For with the growth ofinformation tech- The qualities that make a chess champion tory were so nology and electronic data systems, we are vinually identicalto those that makea complete that he reach a point in historywhere,for the first champion in anyfield. Ten main qualities would describe in time, competition on the mental battlefield stand outfrom a numberofothers, and ith can beseen, instantaneously, by as many these upon whi€h this article willconcen- detail. the round spe€tators as watch competitions on the trate- The reader isthen encouraged to by round physical battlefield. World Chess Champi- compare these qualities with those of the progress of many oDship matches are being transmitted to great champions in chess, thegreatchampi- his fights, billions of p€opl€ rcddwidq through tel- ons in otherfields, and perhaps even the of cul- dision, faxes, teletext and the internet. readers' own'Olympian' qualities! minating in the The global interest in World Champion- The maiortraits that identify the per- round and type of ship contests can bethus sen as the result sonality ofa champion are: victorjl four ofa natural interest by the human mind in Msion its own function,and in the wayin which it The degree to which the goalof becoming months before the can de!€lopgamesto t€st its limits.The champion is absolute, imaginatively seen, fight. phenomenon is common to allsames, as precisely formulated, clearly stated, and the statistics on those interested in the dif- comprehensiv€ly understood. lt is the f€rent m€ntalarenas mor€ than adequately 'guiding lishC of the individual(or team). show (s€e fisure l.). One ofthe lreatest ofalltime'in this de- Th€se statistics are exceptionally impres- panm€nt was he who is famous for that sive in themselv€s, and become even mor€ very quote - MuhammadAli. His visions of Fwh€n looked atin the context ofthe victory wer€ so complete that hewould de- United KinSdom,and the comparison of scribe in detail, the round by round th€ interest in Mind Sports in relation to proSr€ss of many of his fi8hts, culminating the other top personal activities. ln 1988 in the round and type ofvicrory,four the British Market Resarch Bureau tooka Do'tfis befo.e the Rght. Not only were his national representative sample of 1,4O7 predictions eerily accurat€, th€y were so adu lts who !rcre asked to state in which of stronS and so perfectly describ€d that his the listed activities they had participated for opponents shared hisvision for thefight! at least one hour du rinS the week preced- Wbrld Chess Champion Garry Kasparov is

Chass, board and card gamos in the UK - a comparison with otha. layouritc aotiyities. Thcy are:

14% more poputarthan s imming 14% more popular than playingsnooker, billiards or pool 6eA more poputar than playing musical instuments or sinSing I 00* more poputar than attending e€ning classes 300% more popular than hobbies intolving collecting 70O% more popular than fishing USE YOUR HEAD sPRtN6 1995 4t

a Sreat admirer of Ali's psychology- thot the moment one defhite, .onnits oneself, FIDE World Chess Chon\ion Ano@ly 2 Commitm€nt then Prcvidence moves too. Ko\ov, nated fot his *rensths af qcsrtuiq, intuilian ond pe6isteh.e, k This combines the desire to win. and the Whotercr you con do ot drcon you con, be- seenh.re{ ini d dkptor or EunDisney faith in the selfthatthe goalof becoming gin i. Eodress hos gen,ur p ower ond mo|k in champion can b€ attain€d. lnterestinSly, i! Begin it now' mostworld champions usually stated their 3 Persistence commitm€nt publicly, wrote itdown as a l4ost of the all-time great champions were personalincentiv€, or did both. Bobby Fis- capable of continuinS the pu rsuit of their cher is oft€n cited as th€ most committed Soals both in the face of adversity and when to becoming\ lcrld Champion the world others had siven up. Tremendous persist- has €ver known. From a countrywith only a ence was also demonstrated bythegreat !€ry few top-rated players atthe time, American DrauShts/Checkers world Bobby single-handedly took on the com- Champion (a fifty-y€ar rei8n), Dr Marion bined mightofthe Soviet chess machine, Tinsley. He played for eight hoursa day, five havingto playagainst not only the nine daysareek, for t\ao weeks, aSainst the im- otherstrongest players in th€ world, but placable Chinook computer (the world's also their combined team tactics against official nurtber two player, cqpable ofcal- culatingthree million moves a second, and One ofthe most insightful quotes on with a database of 2/ b,il,on positions) and commitmentcomes from the world record crushed it in the final game, leaping from h's holder in Used Human Vocabulary, Goethe chair and proclaiming 'A victory for human (50,000 rcrds: 210 lQ), who said: beings!'And Peter Vidmar, the Olympic Until @e k comnitted, thete E hesitancy, Gold l4edallist and OlympicGold Medal the donce to dtow bock, olwys in€ffectireness. team captain, ascribed his Gold t4€dals to Cnn.erning oll o.ls of initiotive (ond cieotion), the ability tq'practice that one minute therc is one elementary ttuth he ignorcnce of more, tryiust that littl€ bit harder, continue which klk .ountless deos ond splendid plons: justthat little bit lonS€rthan anyone else'. 42 USE YOUR HEAD - SPR'NG '995

4 L€arning from Mistakes and Ov€r- 7 Positive Attitude coming Feat The mentalattitude of the champion tends The lesse. competitor will becom€ dispirit- to be realistically positive, enthusiastic, opti- ed by mistakes,losses and failure. The gr€at mistic, up-b€atand open to €veryopponu- champions studythe r€asons why and com€ nity for SettinS th€ best out of any litua- back imp.o/ed. Witness for exampl€ creg tion. b(amples abound, including M!ham- Norman's p€rformance in the finalround mad Ali (Boxino, chionofuii (sumo wres' of the 1993 British Open, described as on€ tlins), Daley Thompson (D€cathlon), Steven of the greatest final rounds in history. fie Hendry (Snooker), Steve Ovett and Sally S,nddl fimes reponed: 'Norman, howe!€r, Gunnell (Athletics), Mark Spitz (Swimming) turned every neSative into a positiv€, as andloe l4ontana (American Football). thouSh crushinS defeats w€re €ssential It is interestingto note here that Nigel pieces in th€ jigsalv of great 8olf. "The Short, not often thought of as eitherath- whole crux is that you believe in yourselt I leti€or interested in spon, has as one ofhis Norman, however can bounce back from whatever they throw major role-models the gr€atest Sumo wres- at me," said Norman.'The appropriate atti- tler of alltime, Chionofujiwho himself turned every tude to the enormous danger offear,and broke all the traditions of th€ spon by b€- negative into a theovercomingof it, was succinctly ex- coming the smallest Grand Champion and positive, as pressed and summarised in the 'obliteration by transforming Sumo from a sportdomi- though crushing of oblit€rition' mantra by the psychologist nated by w€ight and strength to one domi- and author Frank Herbert in hisfamous nated byan insatiab'e desire towin, a new defeats were es- novel Dune: and cr€ative approach, and speed of both sential pieces in 'Feor E the little4eoth frot btinEs totol obht' body and mind. the jigsaw of erotion. I will foce nV feot. l wi permtt it to poss I The Master I'lind Group great golf. ovet ne ond thtougl ne And \ahen it hos Eone The psycholo$/ of the champion is r* post I will tun the inner eF tu see its psth. flected in the degre€ of€xcellence in the Wherc the feat has Cone therc wlll be nothing. qualit), of the individualswho mak( up the Only I wlll renoin.' immediat€ personal and professional 'circle 5 Knowledse of advisors' - those individuals who actively An intimate, detailed and comprehensive a5sist in achievinS th€ champion's visions subject knowledge is a pr€-requisite for a andSoals. This is on€ areawhere even great World Champion. Aynon Sennawas re- champions can reveal their Achilles H€el- nowned for knowing more about Formsla witn€ss again 14ike Tyson. One carsthan most team €ngin€€rsi and 9 LoYe of the Game Mik€ Tyson has an encyclopaedic knowl- ln thechampions this is expressed as an all- edge ofboxing history. consuming passion and enthusiasmfor not 5 Mental Literacy only the particu lar task/game/competition This refers togeneraland particular knowl- athand, butako the wider implications and edSe and application of information about applications of the field. Gr€at champions the brain's skillsand how to us andgetthe and leaders often go on to becomegreat most from them.These include imaSina- teachers and promoters of their sporL tion, logic, rhFhm, analysis, spatial a\i/are- Both Billie-Jean King and l'4artina Navratilo- ness, nu mber, associative pow€r, memory. va, the longest reigningand most titled play- intuition and creativity. Contrary to popu- ers in woment tennis history,when asked la. beliefs, chess champions (a5 will be how they were able to maintain their stand- shown) and physical rhampions share these ards for so long, both answered with the same attributes. Dominic O'Brien, the question'why should it be so difficultto former\ /orld t4€mory Champion, pr.!- contjnue playingfor s long, when we love tic€s m€nt:land physicalskills fora mini- mum offour hours perday, tikinghimself I0 Energy forwalksand runs in the morningon which Without aception, 'The Greats' were and h€ applies every facet of his mind to th€ ar€ known to exude enerB/; physical, sen- p€rception imaginS and remembering of sualand sexual(the recently 'exposed' pec- multipleioci, pathways and maps in his mind. cadilloes ofEinstein may perhaps b€ s€en in The read€r is invit€d to s€arch for a physi- a different light!). The cu rrent champion calspon in which the application ofa ma- Kasparo/'s €nerg/ and persist€nce are ex- iority of these Mental Ut€racy attributes would not be advantaSeous. B€arin8 these psychological qualities of USE YOUR H EAD - SPRINC 43 '995 the champion in mind, howdo the greatest creative and polymathic individuals who chess champions comparei And how do the translated their general love of life and this top play€rs shape upl range of psychologi€al attributes into their mast€ry over the chessboard. Psychological Strengths and lndeed, many of th€ champions of chess Weaknesses of the Chess describe the 8am€ not as primarily logic and Greats math€matics. Grandmaster Raymond For this €xercise, l have chosen thesix play- K€€ne, OBE, th€ first En8lish player €ver to ers who are mostwidely known,and who gain the Grandmaster norm, ex-British rank in the'top ten ofall time'in most Champion, and M€ntal Vt{crld Record chess players' all-star rankings- Compl€ting holder in the writing of books on chess and the listis NigelShort, the most rec€nt chal- thinking (morethan 80!), described his own lenger for the PCA\ /orld Championship. playinS style as 'physical combat played out fu may be expected, the srr€ngths of in the form ofa musical symphony'. the 8.eat chess players far out-numb€r the lndeed the study of these and other w€aknesses (s€e fisure 3.). great players shows that th€y utilised the The roll-call of the great champions full range of th€ir Mental Literacy skills, as shows them to be the opposite of the 'a€ll as dev€lopingtheir aerobic €apacit/, popular psycholoSical and physical charrc- muscu lar str€ngth and physical flexibility - terisation: super-nerds, pale, beng w€ak, th€ modern emergence of the ancient ideal neurotic, introy€rted, anti-social and mono- of m€ns sono in .orpore sono, or as the maniacal.ln truth they were and are ener- Greek originallyputit nous ii! in somotis getic, dynamic, physically strong, palsionate,

Name Alexonder Ald

Name lose Copoblon o StrenSths lnt€nsity; precision of play and analysis; aura of invincibility; the 'Mozart of Chess'. \rrleaknesses Neglected study and practice; unwillingness to ltay in 'top g€ar'.

Name Bobbt Fisdet Strengths Total commitm€nt to winning; creativity and originalitf physical and mental intensity. Vhaknesses Distractible; questionable mental stamina.

llam" Anotoly Kotpov Strengths creativity; intuition; persistence; masGr mind group (historical). vl'b.knesses Disregardstheoretical research;disr€gards physical h€alth.

Name Gatry Kasqolot Strengths Dynamism; nerve; ope'ing middl€- and €ndgme knowl€dge; physical strength and lttminai mental strength and stamina; d€vastating tactical weaponrf sens€ for combinations. Weaknesses None discovered so far!

Name Emonud Losket Strengths Knowl€dge of all aspects o{ the game; €fficiency; stamina; vast general knowledg€ - a polymath. \rr6akn€sses Used fewopenings; poor quality opponentsl!

Name N,gel Short Str€ngths Superb at one-on-one combat; lor€s the game; relilhes the battle; lusts after the win; exceptionally resili€nti exudes musicaland sensual energ; exceplionally diligent studert of the 8ame. r"/eaknesses OpeninS theoDa phFi€al strenSth. 44 USE YOUR HEAD - SPRINC I99S

BEN ZANDER MUSIC FOR THE MIND Andrew Kinsman Profites Ben zander

Are you disillusioned with €lassical music's is not rosy in theSarden of classical music. 'superctars'? Tired of re€ord company Every month there are n€w press .e- hype? Bored with run-of-the-mill p€rfor- pons of squabbles over the fundingofthe mances of great worksl lf so, Ben zander major orchestras, child prodisies appear offers a fresh approach. with a blaze of hype and then often disap- Over th€ past five years classical music pearwhen their record compani€s find has undergone a remarkable change of someone new on whom to lavish their identity. Largely on th€ back on 'Nessun fleeting attentions, and a set of high-profile Dorma'and a cenain spiky-ha'red violinist, Bu€st conductors traveltheworld on whis- millions of new listeners have been intro- tle-stop tours givinS uninspired perfor- duced to a whole new world of music - mances for exorbitant fees. there is ev€n a !€ry successfu I 'pop' clalsi- It is therefore somethin8 of a breath of calmusia radio station. whil€ these devel- fresh airto com€ across a conductorwho opm€nts hav€ been a bonanza for record puts artistic, rath€r than commer€ial,con- compani€s, who have made fortunes by siderations first, second and third. Such a devising mor€ and more sophisticated man is Ben Zander, who was recendy de- means of marketing classical 'lollipops', all s.ribed by GailSh€€hy, the acclaimed au- USE YOUR HEAD SPRING i 995 45

thor of Possoges, as rhat musician mre who New England Conserr"tory, and has taken €an paintwith words what he ptayswith both o.€hestras on num€rous internatioDal music. Forthoseof us who ar€ notmusi tours. But it k only now that London,s con_ cians he can (onjure up the spirits and cert-goers have had the chan€e to experi_ pulses of life and put us u.der music.s spe .' en€€ first-hand Zander's user-friendty ap_ Not for Zander the barety rehearsed, proach to music-making. His concertwith perfunctory performance, then straight off the RoFlCoilege of Music Orchestra at to anothe.city more for of the same. H€ the RoyalAlbert Ha is afitting conctusion insists on prefacinS his p€rformances with a to the Festivalof the Mind. ttwi rea€h the lecture and discussion of the piece, and of paru of Beethoven, Tchaikovskyand Bach music in Seneral. I was fortunate enough ro that other conductors €ant rea.h! Bcn Zandct nn6 to hu\rcote the *o d be presenr (with ByronJacobs, the Use your Heodeditor) at Ben Zander,s London debut (with the Philharmonia Orchestra) inlanu ary. Sqeralhundred members of the audi en€e madethe effort to come to the pre performance iecture, for whjch theywere handsomely rewarded. The evening s concertwas ltahter's hide- ously complex Sixth Symphony, which Zan_ derdescribed as a sponsor's nightmare of l l4pldyers... creatinga magicatcombina tion ofsounds, with no two bars thatare th€ same.'For the classicatmusic i iterate Guch as myself) he exptained cl€artyand simplywhat to look (and tisten) out for, de_ scribing Mahler's different motifs and €x plaining the tormented emotions that |4ahler exhibits through his music. (How ever, Iam sure that even experienced music students would have benefired enormousty from his intuitive anatysis.) HavinS had one's 'card marked'in this fashion rhere is no doubtone is berter equipped ro appreciate the music. (lndeed, one is teft feelingthar if the London orch€stras reattywish to coun- ter dwindling audiences they woutd be w€ advised to further explore the possibitjtyof reSular pre performance tectures. forwelt_ known as wellas more modern works.) The performance itself was rapturousty receired byaudj€nce and critics atike. The Fi nonctol lt'nes wrote:'ln a rare (and extraordinary) performance like this on€. the llahlerSixth can b€ riveting, exhitarating and draininsallat once. h was.' Ther€ is an interesting symmetry to Ben Zander's career: bornand br€d in LondoD, it is remarkable rhat he has ontynow made his London debul AftertakiDgan EnStish degree at London Universityand studyinS conducting at the cuitdha under Norman DelMa. he left for the States in rhe t96os, settlingon the East Coast and foundingthe Boston Philharmonic Orchestra. He has also led the Boston Philharmon ic youth Or- chestn for 22 years and teach€s atthe USE YOUR HEAD SPR'NG 995 46 ' IT{SIDE MUSIC Benjamin zandel Demonstrates usic'6 fagical Powera! A full-length progran of perlormances and lively, informative talk with music by Tchaikovsky, Beethoyen, Bach and Elgar played by the Orchestra ol the Royal College ol lNusic.

Benjamin Zander maintains that classical Philharmonic Orch€stra for the past 22 music is a language everYone c-an years and taken them on l0 international understand; that through it we can be concerttours. H€ t€aches at the New transport€d to a new r€alm of exPerience England Conservatory and is Artistic and gain access to the eternal. Director of the Music Program atWalnut Through his energy and irresistible HillSchool for Bifted children. His CD enthusiasm, hecan Suide e\€n the musically recordings of Beethoven's Ninth, illiterate to a r€alisation of the power of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring and Mahler's music.ln this unique, €wning-long concert Sixth Symphony with th€ Boston he will take us 'inside' Beethoven's Coriolan Philharmonic haw Sain€d international Ov€nlrre and Tchaikovsky's Romeo and acclaim. luliet and teach us to listen with new ears - ]?,e Sunddy fimes called his recent to live the strugSles and conflicts of th€ London debut conc€rt, performing €haracters and tracktheir love and tragedy l4ahl€r's6th Symphony with the throush an understandingof the musical Philharmonic Or€h€stra,'spectacular' and discourseand, thus, enable us to unlock 'memorable'. The Finorciol ]'imes said:'ln a some hidd€n part of our own emotional rare (and extraordinarily faithful) performance like this one, the Mahler6th ln this €vent Mr. Zander willtake us can be riveting, exhileratingand drainingall behind the scenes of a symphony orchestra: Does the orchestra need aconductori Famed author Gail Sheehy ('Passases') What is th€ mysterious relationship wrctei Ben Zandet E thot mrc musicion who betw€en the conductor and the orchestrai

BEETHOVEN'S NINTH SYTPHONY O SALE AT THE ALBERT HALL ODE TO JOY O 2I APRIL

The acclaimed recording of FROY-DER, SHER- EN GETTER-FOOI{.KE , l4ahler's Sixth Symphony, TOCH-TER'OUSE E-LYS-IUI', stravinslg's Rite of Spring and Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, VEER BE-TRAY-TEI{ FOY-ER TROOI{-KEI{, Benjamin Zander conductinS -LEE-SHE, DIIIE the Boston Philharmonic HIf HIGH-LISH.TOfB! orchestra. Released by IMP Masters. TSOW-BER VEE-DER, %e best performonc€ I hove DIIIE-ER BIIII{-DET yet heod of Mohlefs Sinh VOSS DEE O-DEB SHTRE G GE_TILE'T; Sy'?rphony' Driver, sundoy Paul VEAR-DEI{EROOD.AIRE, Times f4usic Critic writing in ALLAH EI{SCHE VO DII{E ZAI{F-TAIRE FLOO-GEL VILE'T. USE YOUR HEA

EI{IREPREI{EURS UI{LI ITED

Established in I 993, Entrepreneu rs Unlimit€d (EU) has become the largest p€rsonal development club in the cou ntry with a membership nearingfour thousand. EIJ cat€rs for all requ irements of personal dewlopment from th€ retail ofbooks,video and audio cass€ttes to individually tailor€d tniningand development proSrammes which address issues su€h as: Leadership Training, Lingual Education, Financial Planning, SP€€d ReadinS, Assertiveness TraininS, Health and Nutrition, Mind l4appin8, NLP, Positive Thinking, Weight Loss, Hypnosis and Relationships/ Communication. Additionally, the club regularly holds a number of breakthrouSh event! such as: Firewalks, Board Breai

I{IGHTII{GALE COIIAI{T

For over 35 years Nightingale Conant have provid€d audio learning Programmes to comPaniesand individuals around the world. \ /orking hand in hand with the best authors amilabb, NiShtingal€ Conant produce millions ofaudio cassettes on v.ide rangingsubjects even/ year and are consid€red to be the world's leading Personal deEloPm€nt organisation. Nightingale Conant have recently published Ifte Genius formulq by Tony Blzan and Raymond Keene, a 6-cassette recordingwhich rmals the formula linking the genius minds of history. Also published by Nightingale Conant in /r4tnd /vopping by Mi€haelGelb a 4-cassett€ proSramme which teaches this r€volutionary method ofproblem solvingand creativ€ thinking.

ACCELERATED LEAF I G SYSTEI'S

An international author, publisherand broadcaster is linkingupwith the Buzan team for theAlbert Hall celebrations in April. New Zealand-bas€d Gordon Dryden is oneofth€ South Pa€ific's most promin€nt radio and tel€vision presenters. With Am€rican doctor of education Jeann€tte Voq he is author of The kotning Rerclution, a 512'P Ee book that has already become a best-seller in such divers€ countri€s as S.,t€den and New Zealand. Dryden has b€en',rcrkingin EnSland foralmostayear on a newchild developm€nt programmeforthe Parents of young children. That programme, called ftirg sto.t, willbe r€le-ased in England in May. Dryden believes that th€ first nation toadoptallthe new l€arninS techniques that are availabb willlead theworld in education. Currently hethinks thatSingapore, New Zealand and a few Pacific rim countries willtak€ over that role. Singapore, in Panicular, has set itself a goalto become an'int€lliSent island'. Dryden thinks it is significant that one schoolin SingaPor€ airfreiShted 500 copies of ]le Leo.nins Revolution as soon as it was published. ne teorning Revo,utb. is published in Britain by Accelerated Learning Syst€ms,50 Aylesbury Road, Aston Clinton, Aylesbury, Bucks HP22 sAH (t€l:0296 631 l70

CRESSWELL ASSOCIATES

Cressw€ll Associat€s, exp€nadviserson Companies' relations with Whitehalland Brussels, are Proud to be associated with th€'F€stivalof th€ Mind': Cres*r€ll's manaSinS diredor, tady l'lary Tovey - und€r her other hat as Brain Trust Chief Administrator - has carried th€ burd€n of overall administntion ind, in Panicular, for detailed oversight of Festival finances. 4B USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING 1995

THE THREE ARTISTS The three olficial artists lor the Festival

Lorraine Gill numberofone person shows hetd at such Lorraine Gillwas born in Sydney, Austratia venues as the Slade CotteSiate ca ery, the and now lives in a village in Berkshire. White GmffitiGaller/, the Mattca ery and the in Australia she received a schotarshjp, at Qantus Gajlery. She has tecrured exren- the age of I5, from the east Sydne/ Art sively on perception and drawinStech- School for perspective, anatomy, tife draw- niques, been featured on tnternationat ing, lettering,etchin!andwater-colour Video aboutcreative processes nnd appeared with Henry Moore and Sir Witjiam Lorraine has exhibited herwork in a Coldstream in a BBC programme abour

Musi.al woe & Lorohe c,i USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING 1995 49

C€zanne. School of Art and cu rrently t€aches drrw- Lorraine is a frequ€nt contributor to ingatthe RoFlCollege ofAn. He has ex- UseYour Head with a regular series, Draw- hibited in many places both h€re and abroad ing is Natural. and has work in many national international and private collections. Barry artin Barry is a keen (hess player and has a Barn/ Martin was th€ officialartist for the FIDE international ratin8 H€ is also Secre 1993 World Ch€ss Championship between tary of the Staunton Society, the aim of Kasparov and Short. He was iDterview€d on which is to rais€ fundsto maintain the Srave Chan nel Four about this rcrk and of Howard Staunton, England's strongest Simpson's-in-the-Strand still hav€ an exhibi- playerofthe l9th c€ntur} In October of tion ofsome of his ',€.k f.om the match. last year, Barrywas on thefrontcoErof He was commissioned byTheTimes to Chess llonthly magazine (alonSwirh Ray produce limited edition prints of Nig€l mond Keeneand Brian Clivaz) and wrot€ a Shonand Garry Kasparovand the Nigel major anicle for th€ magazine entitled'Men Short imagewas taken into the National of Stau nton'. Portrait Gall€ry collection - thefirsttime this has happened toa living chessplay€r. P6cub Barrystudi€d at Goldsmiths College, the P6€ub is a canoon ist from Fnnce whose lJniErsity ;Mof London and St. Martins work is reSu larly f€atu r€d in Use You Heod. Wffi 1995 50 USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING

GETTING AHEAD Lana lsrael

Lana lsrael was pla€ed second,and four months later' Atthirteen years of age, Lana lsra€lhad to Sydney, where she was thefirstch'ld the Eighth World Conference quite an ambitious Soal' revolutionising ed_ presenter at ln ucation. Five years later, she has two books on Gifted and Talented Children PrePa- wrote her and avideo on study m€thods behind her' ration for the conference, Lana Kidsi How to 8e' has lectured to studentsand teacherson first book, 8ro,n Power for five.ontinents. and received the Grand come on instont 6enius (co-authored by Award at the 1993 lnternational Science Buzan),which was published in Australia as effect of and Engineering Fair for her resear€h on kllas the States. The cumulative learning methodologies. rhese events was Lana's resol€ to continue Lana's interest in l€arning techniques. and expand upon the research which had specrfrcally 14,nd l4aPPrn8, was Pqued airer produced such interest. readrng Use Your Heod. Curious rc see if For the nextfour years, Lana devoted Lana lsrael, Mind Mappingcould be integnt€d into the subs€quent science projects to r€searching ioint Her winnea ot Brain ol schoolsystem and aPPlied towards educa- Mind Mappingand memory techniques ofstu- the Yea. 1994, will tion, Lana conducted her eiShthgrade s€i research spanned a wide sPectrum olds to seventeen- be giving a ence proie€t on Mind flaPPing, Probingthe dents: from seven-year students to presentation at the effects ofthe technique on recalland €rea- year olds, mentally handicaPPed tina ol the tivity. The projecttook Lana to th€ Florida gifted students. By hersenioryear, 'Festival students' Itind'. StateScience & Ensineering Fair, where she had conducted research on 500 focusingon the effects of holistic learning techniques on re€all, creativityand sPecific subi€ctareas, as wellas analysingthe com- ponents of effective learning methods. ln February 1993, Lana was Placed first in h€r division (Behaviouraland Social Sci ences) at the annual Florida State Science & Engin€€ring Fair. topped off bywinninS, out of 500 panicipants throughoutthe state, the Best in FairAward. Asa resuk Lana went on to rePresent the State of Florida at the 44th lnternational Science and EngF neering Fair (ISED in GulfPon, f4ksissiPPi. OutoftheS25 students who qualified to compete at the ISEFfinal, hiShest honours 8o to four toP winners, two of whom re ceiv€ the Glenn T. SeaborS Nobel Prize Trip,A^/ard. ln contentaon for the toP awards are thefirst Place winners in each of l3 dis€iplines, coverinSawhole range of sci€nces- Lana,a first Place winner in Behav iouraland Social Sciences, was the reciPient ToTGETAHEADMa order,P0Boi525.Utrl1 ofthetop award atthefair and subs€- in.*'e",,* quently attended the 1993 NobelPrize cer- ft P&P) 1rr549dNrr emonaes in Stockholm. Lana is also talented in other dire€tions: -=qrl add'65 she isthe top scorer in the Florida Women'sSoccer Leagu€, is an accom- plished crcss-country runner and writes' l llir., irr r r t Il TIt I LE plays and sings her own music She hasalso L iiii Lnl obtained a spe€ial scholarshiP to Harvard. USE YOUR HEAD SPR'NC / 995 5t

THE FINE ART OF JUGGLING Michaet GeIb

One of the many hiShlights of the'F€stival Psychology and Philosophy) and coddard ofthe Mind'promises to be MichaelGelb's College (MA in Psycho-Physical R€-educa- d€monstration of the art ofiuggling. tast tion). Since 1978 he has been a Cenified year flichaelwas co author (with Tony teacher of the Alexander Technique, and is Buzan) of the book tessons ftom the An of alsoa black-belt in Aikido. H€ is the author luggling. How rn Adieft Your FullPotentiol in of severalother books on mind and body Eusinest Leoming ond Life, and his juggling including Body Leoming An lnttoductjon to the demonstration is sure to contain some Atexonder Ted,nique (t98 t), Presenr yourse/fl peark of wisdom that stretch beyond Coptivate Your Audiences wfth Geat Prcsento- iuggljng into other imponant areas. tion Sk,,k (lalmar Press, i988)and the forth- l4ichaelwas educated at Clark Univ€r- coming Th,nking for o Cldnge. to be pub- Ohe df Miehoel Celb\ nate ptunkinq sity (where he achiev€d a BA Cum taude in lished injanuary 1996 by Harmony Books. sPRING i995 52 USE YOIJR HEAD.

LOOKING BACKWARD, LOOKING FORWARD Barry Buzan

losers in since the fallof the Berlin wdlit has oft€n forward. There h e been many five centlrries' been said that we are at the end of an era. the war of idea! over th€ last the mod- To think that our imm€diate exPeri€nce is but th€re are five clearwinners: the central located at some k€y historical iuncture is €rn sovereign state as Political especially tempting as w€ aPProach the end form: nationalism as the basis of Politicalle- of the twenti€th century, and the beSinning df the third millennium. But what is the his- toricalperiod we are at the €nd of : the cold War? the twentieth centuq/? something bigger? How siSnificant is th€ transfor- mation pointw€ are currently Passing throughl Which ideas 8o forward from the

Iargue that trc really are at an historic turning point, and notjustone defin€d by the end ofthe Cold War. The Cold War was m€rely the last round ofa much larger struggle - th€ twenti€th century _ that is now drai,ving to a close. The tw€ntieth centuq/ was shaped by nearly continuous wars about how industrial society, and therefore the world, was to be organised and 8ov- ern€d. Before the last struggle b€tween capitalism and communism came a three- cornered fiSht that eliminated fas.ism as a contender (th€ Second Vvorld War), and before that came the First \ /orld War, which eliminat€d monarchy, and Save binh to the totalitarian twins, communism and fascism. This world-shaPing set of conflicts is its€lf mer€ly the last act in an even larger play - the ris€ and decline of the West Over the last five hundred years one civili- sation, Europe, embarked on an €xtraordi_ nary epic of expansion that r€shaPed the political economy of humankind. lt obliter- at€d, occupied ordominated alloth€r civili- sations and spread its orrn PeoPles, Political order and economic system to allcorners Barrtr Buzan ofthe planet.ln so doing it unbalanced a introduces his talk multicultu.al order that stretched back lor the 'Festival of thousands of years. The tv€ntieth century the ind'!'A marks the end of this era Each successive provocative survey backward view thus incorporates the one ot the last 5OO before it, showing holn it fits into a biSger years, and ol the live story The arSument is that thes€ thr€e winning idea6 that erasallcometoan end in our Pr€sent time' have come out of and that tak€n together th€y form a single world history and go historic turning point lorward to shape oul On€ way to read the signifi€ance of this lutuae. turningpoint is to look at the ideas it sends USE YOUR HEAD . SPRINC 53 '995

gitimacy; markets as th€ basis ofeconomic tions peacefully shar€ th€ politicalland- orSanisation;a commitment to the open- scapel How do both of thes€ enclosing ended expansion of knowledge as th€ basis id€as work together with th€ globalisinS of human society;and the und€rstanding force of the market and the knowl€dge that great powers can no long€r pursue base? How isthe planetto be managed thei. rivalries by war. Five hundred y€ars wh€n some stat€s hay€ renounced war a8o, none of these id€as existed. They 8o aSainst €ach other and others hav€ notl forward as a package to shape the futur€, butthey carrywith them serious Lrnre- Botry Buzon h Prcfettot of Intemationol Studiet sol\r'ed contrad ictions that will set the politi- ot the Univesiv of Wot ni.k and Proje.t Dircc- calagenda fro the twenty'first c€ntury and tot at the Centte fot Peoce and Confli.t Re- beyond. How can 200sbtesand 8,000 na-

(1,r[t n:31

gt F \sr p {e} 54 USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING 1995

HOW I DISCOVERED TIT{D TAPPING George Hughes

The story ot Edward lfirst metTony Buan by chance. One day, gather ideas and priorities for his coming Hughes is well in the mid-seventies, I was idly switchinSTV administration. I off€red mythoughts, but known to all those channels, when my attention was caught by the lunch conversation was unstructured familiar with Use this young man structuring thought on a Your Head, Here, his flipchart. Such techniques were familiarto Itwas Fridayafternoon and on the drive lather George me: at lBl4 re had used flipcharts ever),- home ltook out of the seat pock€ta larSe describes how he where, at CambridSewe'd done some brown en\€lope, tore itopen and start€d lirst encountercd thinkingand athomew€ had tried Edward to 'scatter' ideas which should have come llind l|apping and de Eono's 'tateral Th in kin&' However, this up atlunch. f4y pen again took on a life of the amazing results. was something different, something n€w. its own and the resultwas an untidymess. While wat€h ing, l wondered why lhad not However,l'4ind l'4appingmakes it so easy to come across this before and at the end of structure and fit in new ideas as they occur, the programme, e€rthe pragmatkq I freeinfthe mind from the tyrannyofse- though l'd Sive it a try. quence of the s€hooly€ars- A rathercomplex problem had been On Monday mornins lshowed the'pr€si- lurkingatthe back ofmy mind for several d€nt'the back ofthe envelope and quickly reeks without any solution emergingfrom talk€d through whatamounted to a full m/ subconscious. So, taking a large sheetof programme for a newgovernment. Fulsome paper lstaned to l"lind Map. Almost imme in hisgratitude, he not su rprisingly won- diately, my p€ncils€€med to take on a life dered if I could please make some notes for of its own - it flewacross the paper, yet still him of ou r d iscussion. on Tuesday morn- scarcelyable to capture the flow ofthought ing, pacinS up and down like Napoleon, I and in t€n minutes the sheetwas full. k was dictared at speed, de€ipheringth€ thrusts an untidy mess - almost illegible 'but to me from the envelope. By I lam W€dnesday my it had an almostpristine clarity.lthad struc- secretary had produc€d a 150 page mrnu tured an ill-defined problem -Srowing but scriptof' to my astonishment- a book!By notyet urSent- into a toralsolution" clear l2.30am lhad proof-read it, added af€w and now obvious.The method worked! changes, and it was off to the printers for \,r'hy hadn t lcome across it before? quick copyinBand binding. Next day, before N€xt morning my seoetary called the flying home, the president'was deliShted BBC to locate Tony Buzan. The nextreek to receive his book. For my pa.t,Iwasas- end Tony came to my pla€e in the country tonished to have 'fathered' it so quickly. and mywifeand boys took to him instandy. Since th€n I hav€ written many other we ve been friends ever sin€e.Ithen books and papers - always bysimilar meth- formed the idea that myboysshould attend Tonys nextcourse, even though it hap- i) A rapid Mind Map on inductiv€ think- pened to be foradults. They both loved it in8, rough and untidy. and it changed theirapproach to schooling. ii) Quick dictation. Da/id w€nton to world-€lass sportingsuc iii) P.oof-read and prinr €ess and is nowaqualified instructor of Most of these haw been written for Olympicstandard in various spons. Edward heads of state or governrn€nts and thus re went on to academic and socialsuccess at main confidential. l4any heads of state who Cambridge and allreadersof Use Your Heod hrve never met Tony should be Sratefulto willbe familiar with the fullstory. him. As for me if I had ney€r seen Tony on lmyselftookto Mind l'Iapping my plan television, l wou ld never have written any- for the day and fordealingwith the occa- thing beyond short business l€tters. sional probl€m- Hower, a few y€ars later. Over the years I have invit€d Toq/ to Tony's method came into its own. lwas hold seminars atmycompanies to help working as a salesman at IBM when a future spr€ad the word. He has always been inspir- president ofa dmlopinS country wanted ing and has always receiwd an enthusiastic lu n.h with a few esrablishment men to USE YOUR HEAD 5PR'NC '995 55

DAVID BERGLAS PRESIDENT OF THE MAGIC CIRCTE Televisionns lnternationat Man ol ystery

\^r'e are pleased, once again, to welcome icalinsiSht, aclte obsermtion and a hiShly Mr. Da/id B€rglas, who will be officiating at trained memory. Yet allofthes€ stilldo not the World flemory Championships, as he fully explain the uncanny predictions and has done since its inception- mind bendingfeats whi€h ar€ featured in his He has become a recosnised authoriry in th€ expandingfield of t4ind and Memory Iop international casinos have sought his Training, helping businessmen and women advice and hisvarious exp€nhe mike him to develop the untapped potential of their ideally su itable to supervise thes championships, in panicularthe expert shufflingof As Television's lnternational Man ofMy$ numerous Packs of cards!

lished hims€lfas one of the .,torld's leadinS magical entenainers of our time. He has been featur€.I on n,L merous television seri€s, in this country, Europ€ and the

He continu€s to in triSue and baffl€ audiences worldwide with his excitingand unique presentatjons, duringa long career that has included several Royal Command

His inventive mind how has enabled him to become a highly

and theatre industry. Highlights have included fivejsmesBond

which he coachedJack Nicholson to manipu-

l'la8ic Circle, he uses a combination of skills, includingsleightof hand, deep psycholog- 56 USE YOUR HEAD SPRJNC / 995 USE YOUR HEAD SPRING '995 57 PAUL COILI]{S THE RUI{NING MAN A fribute

Though born in London, paulColtins was lohn Wbodwotd, Poul Cokns' cou.se ossisidrr raised in Canada. Hewas a violjn prodigy from an early age, studyinS at the ruiltard So pow€rfuland oriSinata presence as F.M. and Yale music schools before returningto Alexander inevitably l€ft many imitators England to study with Professor Max Ros- seeking the comfortabte path traited in his tal. Later hewas to play for the Phitharmo- wake. Ven/ few hrve had the courage to nia Orchestra under Otto Ktempererand take th€ one in€vitably more difficuttpath, was fora time lead€r of th€ RoyalLiverpoot the onetrodden byAlexander himsetf: the way of the explorer. Such individuats are From the age of 14 he atso pursued a nreand PaulCollins was one of those tew parallelcareer as a runner. He was Canadi- At its best Paul's teachingofthe Tech- an marathon champion fron 1949 to t952 nique had the honestyand directness to and repr€sented his adopted country in the claim some ofthesame complete freedom Commonw€alth Games and the Otympics. to €xploreas Alexand€r himselt Each indi, There foilow€d a 29-y€ar hiarus durinS vidualteach€r makes thei. own particutar which he €ould not run competitjyety due inteSntion of the work in differentareasof to knee and ankle iniuries. life. For Paulthiswas runninS. Here the ln the meantime he had turned to the principles of the Technique were rigorousty Al€xande. Technique for help with rechni checked,applied and extended. tn soning calproblems with the violin, trajningunder out th€ problems tharblocked the free Walter CarrinSton. So highly did hevatue movements of natu ral run ninS Paujwoutd years these at Lansdowne Road that he at, do and say things thatAlexand€r himsetf ways referred back to Walter,s wisdom in nev€rdid or said. But itwas in those mo thecourse of his own teachinSs. Duringthis ments, superficially far remov€d from con- time he b€gan to €onsider how he miSht re, ventional practice of ri€ Alexander Tech- habilitate his runningviath€ Technique, and nique, that Paul! teaching stood on a sjmitar against the advice of his teach€rs, worked plane to Alexand€r himseli The parting on it and finallywasable to achiev€ his am- words of advice to the firstAtexander bition of returningto competition, thistime teacher, 'Whatever you do, don't do any, in ultra-disrance running He wenr on to set thingyou'l€ se€n me do,'leave no doubt as ten world records at the age of 57, runn- to th€ path toward which Alexanderdr ing 405 miles in six days. rected those followins in his name. Runningwas something he did com- Wewillallmiss Paul's inspiration and in- pletellon his own,without outside helpor t€llectualinsiSht. But most of altwe wi a encouragemem Thus his running achieve- miss his delicious and wick€d sense of hu ments were the most importantto him, mour. This humouronce had aSroup ofse- though h€ rose to thetop in two other pro- rious and committed runrErs flappingtike .Why turkeysas instruct€d until Pau I asked, ln the last years paulem €iaht of his tife, are you all doing this?' Though such occa- barked on yetanother career, readingex- sionsw€re furnished with lauShter, rhere tensiv€ly in an aftempt to develop'Co ins, was always that eloquent lift of the eye- Gnnd Unified Th€on/ of Human Con- brows thatseemed to say,'C'mon you tur sciousness'. He wanted todisoverthe pre- k€ys, don't imitate. learn some discrimina- cise point at which thought b€comes action. tion - think.' Tothis end Pau I b€came associated with the Brain Trust, founded by his friend Tony The Editorwould like to thank Paut's Buzan,This was to be his finalproject, and widow, Lynn Collins,for suppt/ing the ma- isanother reason why his death at the age terialfrom which thisanicle has been ex- of 68 is traSic. The Mind Map Book (tI2.99) is available in all good bookshops or from: BBC Books, Woodlands, 80 Wood Lane, London W12 0TT Zen and the aft of petrol retailing.

As with so much in life, running a lf you use your brain to consider the successful business is as much a mental elements of our shield it won't take you long exercise as it is a physical labour. to work out why our strategies have won us That's why at Burmah we have two oil Company of the Year Awards. developed a guidjng philosophy that channels Alternatively come along and speak to us our energies in a creative and eflective way. at the Albert Hall. &Burmah *qYY Crenttg attt"'f@ 60 USE YOUR HEAD - SPR]NG 1995

INTELLIGENCE ABOUT INTELLIGENCE Pumping up Yout Brain Power

A new study, r€poned in thejournal w€re 'runaholics', obsessiv€ly ru nning for Noture, shows that exercise can keeP the hours every nighr How€ver, thos€ that ex- briin sharp into old age and mighth€lP Pre- ercis€d had much higher lev€ls of BDNF ventAlzheimer's disease and other mental (brain-derived neurotroPhic factor), an im' disorders that accompany agein& The portant Srowth factor in the brain.ltaP- study, by Dr CarlCotman of the Unirersity pears thatth€re isan idealthreshold of ex- of Californiaat lrvine, is the first to sho$/ a ercise that protides the maximum possible direct link between physical and mentalac- b€nefit. The results demonstrated that tivity, and d€monstrates that Srowth fac_ those rats that exercis€d excessively tors in the bmin can be contrcll€d by exer- showed no b€tter Srowth than thos€ that lev€|. che. There is already a Sreat deal of evi- exercis€d around the ideal den€e that those who exercise regularlyliw longer and score highermarks in ment l Slimming to Succesa tests, and Cotman's findingsadd important l4€anwhile, a new Canadian study, focusing hasfound evidenc€ of th€ imponanc€ of Physical ac- on s€v€r€ly obese adolescents, tivity in the ageing proc€ss. A€cording to that obesity can cause sleep disturbances Cotman: 'The brain really isamuscl€. that may lead to learning disordersand a When you €xercise it the mindgrcws and is sisnificantdrop in lQ. DrSusan Rhodes. a l4€dical Univ€rsity of capable ofhandlinsmore Pro,ects and com- psychologist at th€ South Carolina in Charleston, claims that Cotman used rodents in his research, as obesity causes a decr€ase of oxygen in th€ rats have similarexercise habitsto humans, brain duringsleep due to fat in thethroat with similar effects. The rats wEre allowed ora more indirect means involvingthe to choose how much exercise they wanted central nervous system, leadinSto a tyPe of to do, and €ach demonstrated individual bain damage. She also suAgests thatPutting charact€ristics. Some w€re lazy 'couch' rats, obese adolesc€nts on diets may reverse the rarely getting on the treadmill, while other damage and 'make them smaner"

-- USE YOUR H EAD . SPR'NG '995 6t ANITAL 11{TELLIGENCE Cuttute Vultutea

Saniida O'Connellof the Department of ing to social status, age and sex, etc. Anth.opolo$/ at University Coll€ge Lon- Pressing his case McGrewpoints out don, raises an inter€sting question in her that ev€n our most compl€x tools are pro- New Scientist review of W. C. Mccrew's duced by €xperimentation. Chimpanzees new book Chinpanzee Motetial G'lturc ond similarly willalt€r th€irtools to fir the task lmpli.otions for Hunon Evolution. by the sam€ kind of scientific method. They Saniida asks: 'lf we, in our trrvels in do, for exampl€, sculpt termite prob€! to sPace, came ac.oss a creatur€ that shared different lengths with their teeth. 99% ofourgenes, used toolsto Sather Apparently the only thinS that chimps food, hunted for meatand show€d awide cannot do that w€ do is to us€ tools to cr€- variation ofbehaviour between several pop- at€ tools, for example makinSa srone ham- ulations, would w€ hesitate to des€ribe its m€r with anoth€r stone. This remains th€ behaviour as .ultu ril?' onlystumblinS block in equatingchimp and ln his book, Mccrewarsues thatchim- human cognition and intelligenc€, becaus€ panzees do have cultu.e, and Sives us evi- the use of tools by apes has been taken seri- denc€ a stunning d iversity of 'cultural ouslyby pr€historians onlywhen it inrolved traits'. The chimpanzees found in combi, stone. Mccrew argues that this is not a fair Tanzania, use tools in eiev€n differentways, comParison.ln defence of th€ chimpanz€€s rangjng from fishing for termites with thin, he saysthat th€y have no n€€d to produce spindly twigs shaped for th€ purpose, to cuttingtools, as theyalready haE them in makingspon8€s outof lea,/es to soak up their mouths! He says: 'Oniywhen w€ are clear about the similariti€s betwEen chim- Even within one type oftool'use', su€h Panzee and human, willwe be able to as nut crackin& chimpanzees Fparated recognis€ the reol diff€rences. lf we wish to geoSraph ically vary enormously- dependinS r€construct the prehjstoric origins of hu- on the materials rhey usefor hammerand man technology, then w€ n€ed to use the anvil, they can be divided into communities available axe of the €reatureswith whom of the 'stick industry' or the ttone indus- re lastshared a common ancestor.' ttt'. Does this countas culturel One argu- lfowgli ment suggests thatsinc€ chimpanzees do ? not imitate one another. their behaviour is not cultural. Arguments againstthis pointof view are increasingly supported by evidence showing that ch impanzees do imitate. But ryen iftheydid not imitate, this does not mean that€himpanzees are not cultural. Ther€ are many human cultu ral pracrices that require only obs€ryation for th€ dis semination.And, as Mccrew states, ifa particular behaviou. iswirnessed in the human population, \rc assume that it is cultural wh€reas w€ ascribe the same form of behaviour seen in apes toSenetics. ln his book l.4cc r€w further assens that allknown b€haviour exhibited by human be ings iswithin the cognate of capacity of chimpanzees. We both eat meat and butcherour prey in a similar fashion, d ivid- ingand sharing it with on€ another accord- MAXIMISB WORLD iJtiS HTIMAN POTBNTIAI" IveolNE olscovERlNG AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE THE ATMOSPHERE ALONE INgPIRES POSITIVE & qNENIIVE THINKING.

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USE YOUR HEAD SPRINC 995 63 '

HAPPY 21ST BIRTHDAY USE YOUR HEAD Three new BBC Publications

Tw€nty-one years ago the first edition of Use Your Heod was TONY BIIZAN _s_a_s published by BBC Publications, accompanied bya television series of the same name. The author and presenter was Tony Buzin, creator of th€ concept of mental litemcy and Mind Mappin& Use Your Heod became an international best- seller and was translated into 20languag€s. A companion volume. Use Yorr ,1emory, follored in 1985. repeatinS the succ€ss ot th€ original, and The.Mind /vldp Book, wriften with Barry Buzan, appeared in 1993, since wh€n it has been translat€d into s€ven languages. To celebrate th€ 2l years of Use Your Heod the BBC has proudly announc€d the publi- €ation of updated editions of Use Your Heod and Use Yout /Vemory, togeth€r with the first paperback edition of The Mind Mop Book on 6 Aptil t995.

use You. Heod (paperback) Price {7.99 ISBN:0563 37103 X

Use You. /viemory (paperback) Price: f7.99

ISBN:0563 37102 I

Ihe Mind MoP Book (pape"- back) ?ricet {12.99 ISBN:0563 37101 3 64 USE YOUR HEAD - SPRIN6 I995

A CHALLENGE FOR YOUTH Brian Lee

Brian Lee, father ot During the past sixty years or so mankind It is already predicted thatwithin the James Lee, throws has €xp€rienced an ever incr€asina rate of next few years a computer the size of a down the gauntlet. scientific d€velopment and discovery. How- Pr€sent personal computer will be bu ilt ever, this development has not been that contains th€ equivalent of the whole without its downside on€ incongruous re' world's computing pow€r as it is today. sult is that w€ now see widespread and 'Virtual reality', which was perhaps first genuin€ resentment, concern and even fear anticipated and illustrated in the 1930s by for and of the future. the 'feelies' in Aldous Huxley's B.ove New One manif€station of that (ear conc€rns Worid is nowupon us and is potentiall/ on€ th€ belief, especiallyamong larSe numbers of the most powerfu I teaching aids. ofthe young,thatthere willbe noiobs. no Unmanned detailed spac€ €xplorations security, no ar€as ofthe earth leftwithout are takinS place in pans of the universe pollution, no unused naturalresources and whi€h can oniy just about be seen with a p€rhaps worst ofall, no real hope ofa rea- sonable lifefor them.Another has been the The listof man's achievements is endless. serere drop in standards of care, behaviour But for human beings there is one more el- and discipline.lt is nowclear thatthere is a ement that requ ires considemtion: spiritual very strong sub-cu ltu re that collectively has integrity. Providingw€ do not ignore that no regard for nor beliefin riShts to prop- fundamentalbasi€ need then why ewn for a €rty, fr€€dom of mov€m€ntand basic hu- moment belie!€ that such progress and op portunity will end now? It is now dangerous to walk alonefrom That is the challenge for us all. one part of even a busy city to another. The Learn from past failures and experience. chances of an ordinary person beingat- Take th€ necessary initiatives. tnck€d and robbed a.e increasing by the Experiment with trialand €rror. day. Burglary and theft are Continue and further increasethe rate place, crime detection isgoinSdown and of discovery and derelopment. the police have rnade itclear thattheir re- As a resultcr€at€ millions of n€w'iobs'. sourc€s ar€ already at full stretch. Restor€ to the world the 'security' and t4oralstandards have d€creased to th€ tpiritual integrity' it so clearly now seeks extentthat even the old and infirm are li butatthe sametime be prepared to pay able to treatment unheard of ingenerations the price that will surely resu lt. Research and implement the alternatiw materiak and methods thatwillarcid pollu- llrhat is progress? It is nererth€less true that we have seen in- Find new resour€es to r€place those be- credible discov€ri€s and dev€lopm€nts in ing us€d (even iftheydo haE to be found those years. Atomic energy is bein8 har- on the Moon or t4ars!). nessed, men have landed on the moon, As for'hope', thatwillremain as longas pocket calculators are available to all, €om- the human nce itsell puters have taken over more and more repetitive tasksand ser larger numbeE of people haw theirwn persnal transport. Allthese thingswould have been unthink abl€ only a tuw years ago. It isalready possible for millionsof people to take journeys covering thousands of miles in onlyafew hours in metalcontain- ers w€ighing hundr€ds of tons that fly! Events across the world can be watch€d li\€ from the comfort of your sitting-room. Suzan's Book of centus, price ft4.95, is av"aijabte . . in aI Sood bookshops. Alternativ€ly, you can order direct fron the pubtishers Stantey-paut (t€t O I 7 t 973 9OO0). 66 USE YOUR HEAD SPRING I99J

THE USE YOUR HEAD CLUB A BRIEF HISTORY Phyltida Wilaon

Phyllida Wilson' The Us€ Your Head Club, oriSinallyknown nurtureYOU,and to assist in the next leaP of int€lligence Administrator, as the Brain Club,was initially conceiYed by in evolution: the awareness Chief intelli on the risc Tony Buzan in 1973 wh€n h€ was interna- by itrelfand th€ knowl€d8€ thatthis teports advan- and rise ol the Use tional€ditor of Mensa (th€ hiSh lQ societ/) Sence can be nurtured to astou nding on are Your Head Club, magazin€. He had cometo realise that ta8e. The majorareisw€ focus 'rather than forminS organisations which m€mory, sPeed- or ranS€-r€adin8 Mind creative thinkinS, and l€arningand assumethatsome P€oPle are more "inter- l4apping, esting'and "able" than others, surely it is study skills. One ofthe main goalsofeach dme that w€ evolved. lt is now time to see memb€r should beto attain the various Man and the Universes as theyare: infinit€ly grad€d lewls of certification in the areas of can involwd, inf initely fascinating and rcrthy m€ntalskill. Further information on this not of cateSorisation and diYision, but of beobtain€d from the Club Manifesto The purpos€ of Use Your Hedd maSazine Thirteen years later, Tony addressd a is to form asynapse between all m€mbers m€etingofaSrouP of young Swedish minds of th€ Ctub, thus creating the first neural who call€d th€mselEs TurninS Point. Thes€ network of a globalbrain. younSsters wanted to acquire as much in Use Your Head Club members can re- formation as possible to helPthem make a main as'individual members, working on positive contribution to the future ofthe their own personalised Programme, or they race. Tony flashed back to his thouShts of can meet together at local'c€lls'or clubs. 1973 and realised that he could helP such l"lany such clubs have been establkhed' usu groups, and iodeed allindividuals, to de- ally meeting on a fortniShtly or monthly ba- velop their phenomenal natural capacities in of mem- a way that was continually seltregenerating t4€etings ar€ held in the homes and €xpansive - the Brain Club - a club bers. at commu nity centr€s, sthools, col_ where everyone is w€lcome, reSardless of leges or un iversities, or in anyaPProPriate aSeorability. environmenti plac€s where you can im- The idea took off. and the Brain Club prove, exPlore and disc'rssanyarea of men- Ms born. An office was set uP in t:l literacy d€velopment, where/ou can Bournemouth and. in the winterof meetpeoplewith the same Soah and inter- 1989/90,the firstedition of S/nopsio, the in- €sts asyourself, make newfriends,and have ternational Brain Club journal (now known and lecturers ar€ as Use Your H€od maSazine). was PUblished.l Sometimes experts was delighted to be asked to b€come in- brought in to talk to the cell, or Practical rolved with the Clubwhen the office w6rk is undenaken.as in the CentralLon- moved to l4arlow in 1993- The Club don Cell, where Mind MapPinsand memon/ month. chang€d its nam€ to the Use Your H€ad practic€ sessions take Place every Head Net"rcrk,led bY Club on llanuary I 994. The Useyour The goals of the Use Your Head Club re- James L€e, has s€en the formation of clubs main the same as oriSimlly outlined in the in schoolsand universities in England and Club Manifesto. Thes are: overseas.james has Produced a ttarter A The development of members. pack'on how to set uP a Use Your Head B The deEloPment of a cultur€ of Club, and th€se are available from the Use Mental Uteracy and excellence. Your H€ad office on request. C TheSeneration of wEalth and fund- This year's annual Use You r H€ad Club Conference will be held in London atSimP- raising for the PU rPoses of research I Do and de€lopment, suPPoning the son's-in-the-Strand on 24 i une 995. try v\ork of the Brain Trust. D Thedisseminationof informationand lfyou woutd likefunher information on teachinSof brain-eff ici€nttechniques. any of th€ above, Please write to us at the The UseYolr Head ClLib is desisned to addr€ss given on the Contents Pa8e. USE YOUR HEAD - SPRING 1995 67

USE YOUR HEAD CLUB NEWS Headboard

SOUTHWEST CELL

The Southwest branch ofthe UseYour H€ad Club got the New Year off to a great startbyoffering its members the chance to work on th€ir presentation skills while stu dyingBuzon's Book of Genius. Caro Ayre,Julian Wilford, Veronica Newton and Roben Dupontet have allgi!€n talks and lived to tellaboutit. Philip Garson presems an evenrng on Michelangelo and the Renaissance at the meetingon I I Apriland in I'lay Lynn Collins willbe back. The UYHCSW meets on the second Tu€sday of each month at7:30 pm at Grantham Hall, Grantham, near\|r'ellington, Somerser For further information, please contact Lynn Collins on 01823 567685 or Caro Ayre on 018?3 572603.

THA ES VALLEY CELL

TheThames valley branch ofthe Use Your Head Club is one ofthe mostactiv€, meetinSoncea month ata prestigious location in l4arlow, Buckinghamshire. The age range of its members is from a youngas five riSht up to seventy years old. On an aEraSe night 25 to l0 peopl€ attend each meetinS, exploring sub,ects as diwrse as l4ind t4apping, danc€, memory techniques and Chin€se physical relaxation ! The committe€ consists of t,ao experienced and v€llrespected Buzan trainers. Neilt4cKee, Club ?residentand Bridget Phillips, Secretary, alongwith t\,€ brilliant noyices, Yyonne Bray, Social Secretary, and Keith Bray, Speaker Secretary. The committee regularly seeks advice and guidance from club members on which subjects theywould like to explore and ways of experien€ing e\€n more learningfun!ln response to this much appreciated fe€dback, the Club is introducing workshop sessions on Club nights, including memory games and Sroup l,1ind MappinS. A programme of events for the year has been devised and a monthly newsletter is produced informing memb€rs of events for the coming month. Wealso organise socialev€nt!at localr€staurants and are already planningour summer barbeque and Christmas extnvaganzal lf you would lik€ to find out more about the Thames Valley Cell, or would lik€ to attend oneofour meetings, please conrrct Keith Bray on 01528 474741.

LOIIDOI{ CELL

The London cellcontinu€s to thriveand recentlyadded s€cond monthly 'practical evenings'to its regular monthly 'meetings/l€ctures' on a wide range of subjects. The following dat€s for 1995 are already decided: Lecture meetinss: l9 May, l6lune,2l luly USE YOUR HEAD Practice meetings: 5 May,2June, Tjuly CLUB For fu rther information, please contact Michael V. Roman-Pintilie on 0 I 8 I I72 COT{FEREI{CE 1422 or Lady Mary Tovey on OlT l 373 4457. 1995

This willbe held at CURRENT ERAIII CELL CONTACTS l SE E GLAI{D Simpsonk-in'the Strand 8ra€knell lan Docheny 01344 86201s on 24June 199s. Please Canterbury ot727 760000 x 3874 Central London Micha€l Roman-Pintilie 377 1122 0t8t address (see contents Hemel Hampstead Penelope Dablin 0t442 67637 page) fo.furth€r det ils. 0t6?.8 477004 Sue Whjting 0t923 853765 tady l'lary Tovey 0t7 t 373 44s7 As rrsed by Einstein. Mozafi. Da Vinci. Picasso... THtrCitrNIUS trORNIUN-A Now everreelE oN AUDIO CASSETTES FOR YOU TO USE FREE FOR 30 DAYS

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