Our Responsibility 2016

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Our Responsibility 2016 Our Responsibility 2016 1 OUR RESPONSIBILITY 2016 | ON THE ENERGA GROUP Table of contents On the Energa Group. .7 Distribution activity. 97 1.1. Our company. .8 4.1. Development of distribution activity as a strategic area . .98 1.2. Responsible and ethical governance . .19 4.2. Quality and security of energy supply . .101 1 1.3. Report as a tool for dialog with our stakeholders. .30 4 4.3. Investments in the distribution network. .107 Customers. 37 Employees . 113 2.1. Customer relations . .38 5.1. Responsible employer . .114 2 2.2. Energa-Obrót SA customer and products . .42 5 5.2. Our employees .. 116 2.3. Responsible sales process. 47 5.3. Health and safety . .121 2.4. Customer-oriented innovations . .54 5.4. Education and development. 125 5.5. Employee involvment in developing organizational culture. 128 Natural environment . 57 Local communities. 137 3.1. Environmental objectives in 2016 . 58 6.1. Responsibility to local communities as a strategic area . 138 3.2. Environmental management strategy. 60 6.2. Activities benefiting society . .140 3 3.3. Ecological energy from conventional and renewable sources . 89 6 6.3. Cooperation with public administration and heeding the voice of local 3.4. Investments in environmental protection . 91 communities. 153 3.5. Environmentally friendly innovative technologies . 93 6.4. Charitable activity . 162 GRI Table . .166 3 OUR RESPONSIBILITY 2016 | ON THE ENERGA GROUP 4 Dear Stakeholders, We would like to convey to you “Our Responsibility 2016” report summarizing the key achie- and charitable activities, which is confirmed by reinstituting the Energa Group to the stock vements of the Energa Group in sustainable development and corporate social responsibility. exchange index of companies managed in accordance with the best sustainable development 2016 was a year of very intensive efforts for our organization associated with fulfilling our standards – Respect Index. obligations to our customers who expect efficient service and reliability of energy supplies, The Energa Group is also committed to activities aimed at combating corruption. As part of and to our shareholders who expect the company’s share price to grow. our membership in the Global Compact UN organization, together with the Ministry of De- During the next years we are going to achieve our goals, maintaining a balance between our velopment and Ministry of Treasury, we are involved in the program entitled “Counteracting stakeholders’ expectations and environmental protection, in accordance with the sustainable the Gray Zone 2014–2020” aimed at combating unregistered business and business crime. development philosophy we have been following for many years. At the same time, we place great emphasis on preventing the use of unfair practices in the New investments in generation sources will be executed using state of the art technologies, power sector by educating customers and guaranteeing clear and transparent rules for the satisfying the highest environmental standards, for example construction of a low-emission conclusion of agreements through a publically available Code of Best Practices. power generation unit in Ostrołęka and the hydropower plant on the Vistula river. The change in our organizational culture in the Group lends support to our strategic goals. Further modernization of the grid and its full computerization will also continue to be a top priority, so that Smart Grid meters are installed in each customer’s location by 2025. Our research and development efforts have led to the launch of the first energy storage unit Daniel Obajtek in Poland with a capacity of 0.75 MW and a volume of 1.5 MWh which, combined with the planned solar park and existing wind sources, the biogas plant and offtakers, will make up We want to improve our what is referred to as a Local Balancing Area (LBA). All these efforts will not only improve customer-oriented organizational culture the reliability of energy supplies and the efficiency of renewable energy sources but will also “ allow us to provide customers with innovative services and products. Prezes Zarządu We want our actions to translate into responsibility for the natural environment and therefore ds. Korporacyjnych Energa SA we welcome the fact that last year the European Commission officially confirmed the Energa This change is based on a modern human resources management policy. We are doing our Group’s presence in the prestigious EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS). Parti- best to ensure that our employees and associates identify with the Group and have a sense cipation in EMAS is the highest environmental distinction for businesses, which is especially of satisfaction from working in member companies. We want to offer them a safe and friendly important to us because Energa is the first power group in Poland with such a big number workplace, growth opportunities and also the ability to balance their private and professional Grzegorz Ksepko of its member companies to become participant in this environmental certification. roles. Our responsibility shows in both our care for good relations and dialog with local commu- We would like to encourage you to read “Our Responsibility 2016” report. We hope that the nities, ethical management and respect for human rights, execution of education programs Energa Group’s accomplishments will pique your interest. Wiceprezes Zarządu ds. Korporacyjnych Energa SA Respectfully yours, “ Daniel Obajtek Grzegorz Ksepko We want to build our future in a predictable President of the Energa SA Vice-President of the Energa SA and responsible way Management Board Management Board for Corporate Matters 5 6 On the Energa Group 7 NASZA ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ 2016 | O GRUPIE1 ENERGA 8 1.1. Our Company Energa Group’s business highlights The Energa Group is one of the four largest power groups in Poland. Its core largest Polish companies (WIG 20) and the RESPECT Index listing responsi- business includes electricity and heat generation, distribution and sales and ble companies, and the London FTSE4 Good Emerging index. gas sales. It is one of three largest electricity suppliers in Poland. The parent The Group’s prevailing business model is predicated on operating in three million retail sulies 3 and usiness customers company in the Group, which initiates, coordinates and controls the electri- highly specialized segments accompanied by companies supporting their city value chain, is Energa SA with its registered office in Gdańsk. Its shares core activity. generation facilities, are listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange and included in the index of the holds 2 including 4 hydro ower lants Generation Segment entailing the generation of electricity in conventional power plants and combined heat and power plants, generation of electricity from renewable energy sources as well as distribution of heat. The leader in this segment is Energa Wytwarzanie SA. has 184 thousand km distriutes 21 of energy a grid of of ower lines more than Th er annum Distribution Segment encompassing the distribution of electricity. The leader in this segment is Energa-Operator SA. Sales Segment consisting of operations associated with trading in electricity and customer service. The leader in this segment is Energa-Obrót SA. ok. emloys 8. thousand eole emloyed thous. under emloyment contracts In addition, the group encompasses shared service companies (centers), providing accounting, HR, payroll, administration and ICT support services. 9 OUR RESPONSIBILITY 2016 | ON THE ENERGA GROUP 10 Building Energa Group’s value Energa Group’s consolidated financials (in PLN million) ra Gene tion 2015 2016 ind Photovoltaics Revenues, including: net revenues on the sales of products, merchandise and materials 11 213 10 650 (including excise tax), other operating revenue and financial income h 0. W 01 Generation assets (capaci Consumption of resources T T 7 W in production .3 h Wind 211 0 Operating expenses, including: consumption of materials and energy, external services, depreciation Photovoltaics .41 Coal 1 288 thousand tons Biomass 81 Biomass 30 thousand tons and amortization and impairment losses on non-financial non-current assets, other costs by nature Coal 734 8 348 8 633 and other operating expenses, financial expenses excluding the costs of interest on incurred debt, Hydro 364.84 0 share in the loss of entities carried by the equity method . h 8 4 W T T 3,94 TWh W 4 Payroll and employee benefits, of which: Payroll and employee benefits, of which: h .0 ydro 0 Biomass 913 873 Distribution salaries, social security and other employee benefit expenses 2 .69 TWh Payments to investors, including: interest costs of incurred debt, dividends paid for last year * 857 440 Energy h umber of W ov customers Payments to the state, including: taxes and fees volume 1 T er 825 899 2 3 n m a i h ll t io e n oal r Investments in communities in the form of donations 3 11 o m Resources Economic value retained 267 (206) Grid length 184 thous. km 2 * The dividends paid for the preceding year amounted to PLN 596 million in 2015 and PLN 203 million in 2016. le 2 Sa s 8 m 3 The above data come from the consolidated financial statements of the Energa Group prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting in .8 u 2 te Standards as adopted by the European Union for the year ended 31 December 2016 (the data cover all Energa Group companies). SAIDI s SAII umber of 2 Retail sales n .1 io 4 customers l of gas Operational structure of the organization il T W m 3 h Energa SA Energa SA is the parent company of all companies making up the Group. accordance with the highest management standards of corporate gover- It is the sole shareholder or holds a majority stake. It is an active owner nance, information governance and investor relations while taking into integrating key management and support functions in the Group and ma- account environmental, social and economic factors.
Recommended publications
  • Diagnoza Ogólna Stanu Rozwoju Obszaru Metropolitalnego
    OPRACOWANIE STRATEGII ROZWOJU GDAŃSKIEGO OBSZARU METROPOLITALNEGO DO 2030 ROKU Diagnoza ogólna stanu rozwoju obszaru metropolitalnego Redakcja: Tomasz Brodzicki Krystyna Gawlikowska-Hueckel Tomasz Komornicki Gdańsk 2014 1 Spis treści 1. Wprowadzenie .............................................................................................................................. 4 2. Kluczowe wnioski .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Najważniejsze ustalenia ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Kluczowe rekomendacje .................................................................................................................. 10 3. Executive summary ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.1. Key findings ..................................................................................................................................... 16 3.2. Policy recommendations ................................................................................................................. 22 4. Ramy i zasadnicze wyzwania dla rozwoju Obszaru Metropolitalnego ............................................ 28 4.1. Ramy ogólne i uwarunkowania rozwoju Obszaru Metropolitalnego .............................................. 28 4.2. Zasadnicze problemy w rozwoju OM – drzewa problemów ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Management Board Report on the Activity of ENERGA SA for the Year Ended 31 December 2018 for the Year Ended 31 December 2018
    Management Board Report on the activity of ENERGA SA for the year ended 31 December 2018 for the year ended 31 December 2018 Management Board Report on the activity of ENERGA SA for the year ended 31 December 2018 Gdańsk, Publication date: 14 March 2019 1 Management Board Report on the activity of ENERGA SA for the year ended 31 December 2018 for the year ended 31 December 2018 CONTENTS 1. KEY INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPANY AND THE GROUP ............................................................... 4 1.1. Role of the Company in the Group ......................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Activities of the Energa Group ................................................................................................................ 4 1.3. The Company’s highlights ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.4. The Energa Group Governance Model ................................................................................................. 12 1.5. The Energa Group Strategy for 2016-2025 .......................................................................................... 16 1.6. Implementation of the investment programme in 2018 ......................................................................... 17 1.7. Research and development .................................................................................................................. 18 1.8. Risk management at the Company .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of Existing Treatment Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants
    Inventory of existing treatment technologies in wastewater treatment plants Case studies in four coastal regions of the South Baltic Sea Poland, Sweden, Lithuania and Germany Project MORPHEUS 2017 - 2019 Deliverable 5.1 Lead Authors: Luczkiewicz A., Fudala-Ksiazek S., Jankowska K., Szopinska M. Gdansk University of Technology, Poland Co-authors: Björklund, E., Svahn, O., Kristianstad University, Sweden (Lead partner) Garnaga-Budrė G., Lithuanian EPA; Langas V., Klaipeda University, Lithuania Tränckner J., Kaiser A., University of Rostock, Germany Contact information: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Cover photo Lundåkraverket Landskrona Skåne, Sweden, © Erland Björklund Key facts of the MORPHEUS project MORPHEUS (Model Areas for Removal of Pharmaceutical Substances in the South Baltic) is a project financed by the European Union Interreg South Baltic Programme 36 months. The project duration is January 2017 – December 2019, with a total budget of EUR 1.6 million with a contribution from the European Regional Development Fund of EUR 1.3 million. The project has a total of 7 partners from four countries; Sweden, Germany, Poland and Lithuania: Kristianstad University (Lead Partner) – Sweden, EUCC – The Coastal Union Germany – Germany, University of Rostock – Germany, Gdansk Water Foundation – Poland, Gdansk University of Technology – Poland, Environmental Protection Agency – Lithuania and Klaipeda University – Lithuania. The project also has a total of 10 associated partners from these countries. For additional information on the project and activities please visit the MORPHEUS homepage at: www.morpheus-project.eu The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union, the Managing Authority or the Joint Secretariat of the South Baltic Cross-border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnoza Ogólna Stanu Rozwoju Obszaru Metropolitalnego Diagnoza Diagnoza Ogólna Stanu Rozwoju Sektorowa Obszaru Metropolitalnego
    Opracowanie strategii rozwoju Gdańskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego do 2030 roku Diagnoza Diagnoza ogólna stanu rozwoju sektorowa obszaru metropolitalnego Tomasz Brodzicki, Krystyna Gawlikowska-Hueckel, Tomasz Komornicki Gdańsk 2014 2 Diagnoza ogólna stanu rozwoju obszaru metropolitalnego Diagnoza Diagnoza ogólna stanu rozwoju sektorowa obszaru metropolitalnego Tomasz Brodzicki, Krystyna Gawlikowska-Hueckel, Tomasz Komornicki Gdańsk 2014 5 Diagnoza ogólna stanu rozwoju obszaru metropolitalnego Spis treści 1. Wprowadzenie 9 2. Kluczowe wnioski 11 2.1 Najważniejsze ustalenia 11 2.2 Kluczowe rekomendacje 21 3. Executive summary 33 3.1 Key finding 33 3.2 Policy recommendations 44 4. Ramy i zasadnicze wyzwania dla rozwoju Obszaru Metropolitalnego 57 4.1 Ramy ogólne i uwarunkowania rozwoju Obszaru Metropolitalnego 57 4.2 Zasadnicze problemy w rozwoju OM – drzewa problemów 60 6 Diagnoza ogólna stanu rozwoju obszaru metropolitalnego 5. Gospodarka i nauka, przedsiębiorczość i innowacyjność, internacjonalizacja OM 67 5.1 Charakterystyka rozwoju gospodarczego OM 67 5.2 Internacjonalizacja OM 79 5.3 Podsumowanie 84 6. Przestrzenne uwarunkowania i problemy rozwoju OM (środowisko, infrastruktura, układ funkcjonalny) 87 6.1 Stan i zagrożenia dla środowiska naturalnego 87 6.2 Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne OM 91 6.3 Pokrycie planistyczne w obrębie OM 93 6.4 Infrastruktura transportowa OM 94 6.5 Układ osadniczo - funkcjonalny 99 7. Uwarunkowania społeczne, demograficzne i rynek pracy 105 7.1 Wprowadzenie 105 7.2 Demograficzno-osadnicze uwarunkowania rozwoju
    [Show full text]
  • 7 Sprawozdanie Zarz Du Z Dzia Alno Ci Polska Energia SA Za
    Sprawozdanie Zarząłś du z dzia alno ci TAURON Polska Energia SA za rok obrotowy 2017 Sprawozdanie Zarządu z działalności TAURON Polska Energia S.A. za rok obrotowy 2017 SPIS TREŚCI 1. TAURON POLSKA ENERGIA S.A. ................................................................................................................................ 5 1.1. Podstawowe informacje o Spółce................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2. Organizacja oraz struktura Grupy Kapitałowej TAURON ............................................................................................. 5 1.2.1. Jednostki podlegające konsolidacji ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2. Powiązania organizacyjne lub kapitałowe ............................................................................................................ 6 1.2.3. Główne inwestycje krajowe i zagraniczne ............................................................................................................ 7 1.3. Strategia i Priorytety strategiczne Grupy Kapitałowej TAURON ................................................................................... 9 1.3.1. Misja, wizja i wartości Grupy Kapitałowej TAURON ........................................................................................... 10 1.3.2. Strategia Grupy Kapitałowej TAURON na lata 2016-2025 .................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Grupa Kapitałowa Energa SA
    ENERGA SA Group Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with IAS 34 for the nine-month period ended 30 September 2014 Energa SA Group Condensed interim consolidated financial statements as at and for the period of 9 months ended 30 September 2014 (in thousands of PLN) TABLE OF CONTENTS CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS ..........................................................................3 CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ..........................................................4 CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ....................................................................5 CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY ....................................................................7 CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS .................................................................................9 1. General information ....................................................................................................................................................10 2. Composition of the Group and its changes ................................................................................................................11 3. Approval of the financial statements ..........................................................................................................................15 4. Basis for preparation of the financial statements .......................................................................................................15
    [Show full text]
  • Grupa Kapitałowa Energa SA
    ENERGA SA Capital Group Consolidated financial statements compliant with IFRS for the year ended December 31, 2011 together with independent auditor’s opinion Capital Group ENERGA SA Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2011 under IFRS (in zlotys) TABLE OF CONTENTS CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT .............................................................................................. 3 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ....................................................... 4 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ................................................................. 5 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY CHANGES ...................................................................... 7 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS .............................................................................. 9 1. General information.............................................................................................................. 10 2. Composition of the Group .................................................................................................... 11 3. Composition of the Management Board of the parent company ......................................... 15 4. Approval of the Financial Report .......................................................................................... 15 5. Basis for preparing the financial report ................................................................................ 15 6. Important values based on professional judgment and estimates
    [Show full text]
  • Bezpieczenstwo Zdrowie
    BEZPIECZEŃSTWO, ZDROWIE I KULTURA FIZYCZNA WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA SAFETY, HEALTH AND PHYSICAL CULTURE SELECTED ISSUES Gdynia – Gdańsk – Skarszewy 2016 BEZPIECZEŃSTWO, ZDROWIE I KULTURA FIZYCZNA WYBRANE ZAGADNIENIA Safety, health and physical culture Selected issues Redakcja naukowa / Edited by Piotr Lizakowski Dariusz Skalski Gdynia – Gdańsk – Skarszewy 2016 Kociewskie Wodne Ochotnicze Pogoowie Ratunkowe w Skarszewach przy udziale Akademii Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte w Gdyni i Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu im. Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego w Gdańsku Redakcja naukowa / Edited by Piotr Lizakowski, Dariusz Skalski Recenzent / Reviewers: prof. dr hab. Oksana Zabolotna (Umański Państwowy Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Pawła Ticzyny, Ukraina) Sekretarz redakcji / Assistant editor: Albert Popławski Korekta, skład i łamanie / Correction, composition and breaking: Halina Muchawska – Skalska (mgr Filologii polskiej), Albert Popławski Okładka / Cover: Albert Popławski, Maciej Miśków Zdjęcie okładki / Picture of cover: Anatoliy Yatsenko (Ratownik wodny, Ukraina) Copyright by: Kociewskie Wodne Ochotnicze Pogoowie Ratunkowe w Skarszewach przy udziale Akademii Marynarki Wojennej im. Bohaterów Westerplatte w Gdyni i Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu im. Jędrzeja Śniadeckiego w Gdańsku Gdynia – Gdańsk – Skarszewy 2016 The Author(s) 2016. These articles is published with Open Access at Kociewskie Water Voluntary Emergency Rescue in Skarszewy at participation a Naval Academy in Gdynia and Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk, Poland. Open Access These articles is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Attribution — You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter Settimanale
    REGIONE ABRUZZO Direzione Affari della Presidenza, Politiche Legislative e Comunitarie, Rapporti Esterni Servizio Attività di Collegamento con l'U.E. Avenue Louise 210, 1050 Bruxelles Tel. 0032.2.6262850 - Fax 0032.2.6262859 e-mail: [email protected] NEWSLETTER SETTIMANALE Numero 9 14 marzo 2008 Selezione di notizie, eventi, richieste partner e bandi di interesse regionale S O M M A R I O SEZIONE NOTIZIE DALL’UNIONE EUROPEA ( /n) TRASPORTI ................................................................................................................................ LA COMMISSIONE PROPONE UNA COMUNITÀ DEI TRASPORTI PER I BALCANI OCCIDENTALI ED ADOTTA MISURE FINALIZZATE A RINSALDARE LA COOPERAZIONE CON I PAESI CONFINANTI............................................................................... 5 CONCORRENZA ....................................................................................................................... LA COMMISSIONE AUTORIZZA UN REGIME DI AIUTI ITALIANO VOLTO A PROMUOVERE L’IMPIEGO DEL BIODIESEL ................................................................................. 6 AGRICOLTURA .......................................................................................................................... IN UN SONDAGGIO EUROBAROMETRO L'OPINIONE PUBBLICA UE DECISAMENTE FAVOREVOLE ALLE RECENTI RIFORME DELLA POLITICA AGRICOLA ......................... 8 POLITICHE REGIONALI......................................................................................................... IN UN NUOVO SONDAGGIO
    [Show full text]
  • Report Report
    report Polish Geological Institute 2009-2010 National Research Institute 4 Rakowiecka St. 00-975 Warsaw, Poland Phone (+48) 22 45 92 000, Fax (+48) 22 45 92 001 [email protected] www.pgi.gov.pl CARPATHIAN BRANCH 1 Skrzatów St., 31-560 Kraków Phone (+48) 12 290 13 99 Fax (+48) 12 290 13 88 [email protected] HOLY CROSS MTS. BRANCH 21 Zgoda St., 25-953 Kielce Phone (+48) 41 361 25 37 Fax (+48) 41 361 24 93 [email protected] LOWER SILESIAN BRANCH 19 Jaworowa Al., 53-122 Wrocław Phone (+48) 71 337 20 91-93 Fax (+48) 71 337 20 89 [email protected] MARINE GEOLOGY BRANCH 5 Kościerska St, 80-328 Gdańsk Phone (+48) 58 554 29 09 Fax (+48) 58 554 29 10 [email protected] UPPER SILESIAN BRANCH 1 Królowej Jadwigi St. 41-200 Sosnowiec Phone (+48) 32 266 20 36-37 Fax (+48) 32 266 30 40 [email protected] Pomeranian Regional Geological Unit 20 Wieniawskiego St., 71-130 Szczecin Phone (+48) 91 432 34 30 Fax (+48) 91 432 34 48 [email protected] ISBN 978-83-7538-856-5 Polish Geological Institute National Research Institute Edited by: Anna Bagińska, Barbara Żbikowska, Magdalena Mizerska, Joanna Kaczmarzyk, Mirosław Rutkowski (as based on Annual Reports of the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute) Graphic design by: Monika Cyrklewicz Translated by: Tadeusz Oliferko Page layout: Studyo Front cover photo: Upper Paleozoic, Upper Permian, Rotliegend aeolian sandstone, Września IG 1 borehole, a fragment of a well core from the depth of 4,069.2-4,070.2 metres; Lower Paleozoic shale (Silurian),
    [Show full text]
  • SEKTOR ENERGETYCZNY W POLSCE © F O T : D a N I E L S C H –
    © Foto: Daniel Schoenen – Fotolia.com POLSKA AGENCJAINFORMACJIIINWESTYCJIZAGRANICZNYCHS.A. W POLSCE ENERGETYCZNY SEKTOR Sektor energetyczny na świecie Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne jest kwestią strategiczną dla każdego państwa. Dla każdego kraju wytwa- rzanie i przesyłanie energii elektrycznej jest gospodarczym krwiobiegiem, który obok systemu transporto- wego warunkuje sprawne funkcjonowanie gospodarki. Rozwój gospodarczy państw jest uzależniony od dostępu do energii. Prognozuje się, że do 2040 r. gospo- darka światowa będzie rosła w średnim tempie 2,8% rocznie. Uwzględniając przewidywane stałe zwiększa- nie efektywności w wytwarzaniu energii, wzrost globalnego sektora energetycznego będzie wynosić 1,1% rocznie. Przewiduje się, że spadać będzie znaczenie źródeł konwencjonalnych (energia z węgla i ropy naftowej – przewidywany wzrost o 0,4% rocznie), przy jednoczesnym wzroście udziału źródeł odnawialnych (energia słoneczna, wiatrowa i geotermalna – wzrost o 7,4% rocznie). Rozwój energetyki odnawialnej powi- nien się przyczynić do osiągnięcia przez nią udziału ok. 20% w wytwarzaniu energii w 2040 roku.1 W skali świata jest to również sektor, który w 2011 roku budził duże zainteresowanie inwestorów. Projekty dotyczące zaopatrzenia w gaz, wodę i elektryczność wg UNCTAD stanowiły ok. 8% procent wszystkich światowych inwestycji bezpośrednich. Ich wartość w 2011 r. wzrosła o 43% w stosunku do roku poprzednie- go i o ok. 6% w stosunku do średniego poziomu sprzed kryzysu (średnia z lat 2005–2007).2 Charakterystyka sektora w Polsce Bilans energii pierwotnej Produkcja energii pierwotnej w Polsce opiera się przede wszystkim o paliwa kopalne. Na pierwszym miej- scu jest – i najprawdopodobniej jeszcze długo pozostanie – węgiel (kamienny i brunatny), odpowiadający za 56% zapotrzebowania. Istotny jest również udział ropy naftowej – 25%. Wykres. 1. Struktura zapotrzebowania na energię pierwotną wg źródeł 13% 6% Gaz ziemny Biomasaiodpady 56% Ropa naftowa Węgiel 25% Źródło: Mix energetyczny 2050.
    [Show full text]
  • The Swarożyn Line of the Czapski Family of the Coat of Arms of Leliwa in the Early Modern Times*
    ZAPISKI HISTORYCZNE — TOM LXXXII — ROK 2017 Zeszyt 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.15762/ZH.2017.75 MIKOŁAJ TOMASZEWSKI (Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń) The Swarożyn Line of the Czapski Family of the Coat of Arms of Leliwa in the Early Modern Times* Key words: Royal Prussia, noblemen [szlachta], dietines, Lębork-Bytów Land, gene- alogy Previous historical research on individual families of Royal Prussia has not exhausted the research fields on this subject. For over a hundred years publi- cations have appeared, both in books and in scientific articles, touching upon genealogical and property issues of particular noble families. It is impossible to present in this short outline even the partial achievements of Polish or German historiography on the subject of the privileged social strata in Royal Prussia in early modern times. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning pre-war works concerning, for example, the Jabłonowski family,1 the Bażyński family2 or the Czema family.3 These publications still have a high scientific value and are of- ten included in the research conducted by contemporary historians. Recently, there have been studies concerning successive Prussian families that have un- doubtedly been recorded in the history of Pomerania, Kuyavia, Warmia [Erm- * The article was written as part of the project “Tomasz Czapski herbu Leliwa (1711–1784). Życie i działalność [Tomasz Czapski of the Leliwa coats of arms (1711–1784): life and activity]”. The project was financed from the resources of the Narodowe Centrum Nauki [National Centre for Science] upon the decision no. DEC-2015/19/N/HS3/02471. 1 Wojciech Kętrzyński, O Jabłonowskich herbu Prus III, Przewodnik Naukowy i Literacki, vol.
    [Show full text]