PUNJAB MUNICIPAL DEVELOPMENT FUND COMPANY

PUNJAB MUNICIPAL SERVICES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (PMSIP)

Deliverable 3 (Revised) Status Report Chakwal March, 2006

House 160, Street 4, Cavalry Ground, Lahore Cantt IZHAR UL HAQ Tel: (042)-6686449, Cell: 0321-4469322 PLANNING CONSULTANTS Email: [email protected]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Hailing from the rugged terrain of Salt Range, I always wanted to contribute something for my area, and PMDFC provided me this opportunity. I would thank the top management of PMDFC, specially, Mr. Khizar Hayat Gondal, Managing Director and Mr. Tariq A. Khan, General Manager (Institutional Development) for giving me a chance to work on such a prestigious project.

The contribution and active input provided by the officials of Punjab Municipal Development Fund Company particularly, Engr. Talal Ahmad Khan and Planner Erum Ishfaq is gratefully acknowledged.

I also acknowledge the inputs provided by the residents of the areas especially; those who helped us during the data collection and formation of working groups, including Nazims and officials of the TMAs of Chakwal and Chakwal, Local Governments, Professionals and Civil Society Organizations who helped us to obtain the first hand information and facilitated the field work.

My thanks are also due to the members of the World Bank Review Mission, particularly Surrya Goga for her timely suggestions and guidance.

Finally, I also thank the members of my Team, particularly Engrs. Naheed Ghazanfar, Nasir Mirza, and Planners Rubina Hussain, Hina Naseer, Awais Sarwar and Adeel Sheikh for helping me to complete this assignment.

For all the precision, information and quality that this report contains, credit goes to all the above.

Izhar ul Haq Planning Consultant

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION ...... 3 1.1 BACKGROUND ...... 3 1.2 WORK METHODOLOGY ...... 4 1.3 WORKING GROUPS ...... 5 1.4 TMAS UNDER THE DEVOLVED SET-UP ...... 7 1.4.1 Tehsil Council ...... 8 1.4.2 Tehsil Municipal Administration ...... 8 1.4.3 Zila Mushavirat Committee ...... 10 1.5 PROFILE OF CHAKWAL ...... 10 CHAPTER-2: INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF TMA AND ITS PLANNING UNIT ...... 11 2.1 TMA CHAKWAL IN GENERAL ...... 11 2.1.1 Budget ...... 11 2.1.2 Staffing...... 11 2.1.3 Office Automation ...... 12 2.1.4 Complaint Cells ...... 12 2.1.5 Monitoring Committees ...... 12 2.1.6 Training and Capacity Building ...... 12 2.2 PLANNING ACTIVITIES, SYSTEMS AND SKILLS ...... 13 2.3 PLANNING UNIT OF TMA ...... 16 2.3.1 Staffing...... 16 2.3.2 Building Control ...... 16 2.3.3 Procedure for Building Control ...... 17 CHAPTER 3: ZONING TYPOLOGIES AND LANDUSE ...... 19 3.1 GENERAL ...... 19 3.2 ZONING TYPOLOGIES IN CHAKWAL...... 21 3.3 LANDUSE DISPOSITION ...... 0 3.4 HOUSING TYPOLOGIES ...... 0 CHAPTER 4: STATUS OF INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 1 4.1 ROADS AND STREETS ...... 2 4.2 WATER SUPPLY ...... 2 4.2.1 The Aquifer ...... 2 4.2.2 Bulk water and demand ...... 1 4.2.3 New schemes [under construction]...... 1 4.2.4 Distribution ...... 2 4.2.5 Domestic and other supply ...... 2 4.2.6 Water tariff ...... 3 4.2.7 Water Quality ...... 3 4.3 WASTEWATER: ...... 3 4.3.1 Sewerage ...... 3 4.3.2 Storm Water Drainage ...... 1 4.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 1 4.4.1 Municipal waste: ...... 1 4.4.2. Hazardous Waste ...... 2 4.4.3 Equipment ...... 2 4.5 ELECTRIFICATION & STREET LIGHTING ...... 2 4.6 OTHERS MUNICIPAL FACILITIES ...... 3 4.6.1 Parks ...... 3 4.6.2 Play ground, Stadiums and open Spaces ...... 3

2 4.6.3 Fire Stations ...... 3 4.6.4 Slaughter house ...... 4 4.6.5 Community Toilets ...... 4 CHAPTER 5: URBAN EXPANSION AND GROWTH DIRECTIONS...... 5 5.1 URBAN EXPANSION ...... 5 5.2 GROWTH DIRECTIONS ...... 5 MEMBERS OF WORKING GROUPS ...... 4 ANNEXURE 6

CHAPTER-1: INTRODUCTION

This Chapter mainly describes background of the Project, work methodology including data collection and involvement of working groups. Also included is a description about the Tehsil Municipal Administration under the devolved set up, its structure and functions to understand the context under which the project is being planned and will be executed.

1.1 BACKGROUND

The Government of Punjab is preparing ‘Punjab Municipal Services Improvement Project’ (PMSIP) through Punjab Municipal Development Fund Company (PMDFC). The Project aims at institutional development of TMAs through improving systems directly related to their functions and through investments in service delivery. This will occur by granting eligible TMAs both capacity grants and development grants. The Project is being funded by the World Bank and the Government of Punjab.

Apart from providing funds for improvement and development of municipal infrastructure, the key initiative of PMSIP is to assist TMAs in developing their institutional capacity by providing management support tools like GIS, computerization of TMA functions, testing laboratory equipment, trainings, establishment of performance management systems etc. As a pilot project, PMDFC has initiated plan preparation in urban area of four TMAs. This Consultant has been assigned to carry out the plan preparation activities in Chakwal and Chakwal. The Consultancy aims at: i) Undertaking preparation of plans in the two towns leading to prioritized lists of projects for funding. ii) Developing guidelines and methodology for plan development iii) Identification of key areas of capacity building of TMAs to effectively carry- out its planning functions and to implement projects under PMSIP.

This document presents the Status of infrastructure services, landuse and zoning typologies and institutional set-up of TMA Chakwal. An exhaustive institutional

3 analysis followed by data collection, and discussions with the TMA officials, CCB representatives and notables of the areas has also been carried out. The consultants also formulated working groups and with active collaboration of the client’s planning and engineering representatives. Parcel-wise information was GIS mapping of the collected information was carried out.

PMDFC was, on regular basis provided all the parcel-identity wise information to be fed into the GIS. Frequent formal and informal meetings were held with all the stakeholders for and regular progress review and discussions were held with the client. A detailed presentation to this effect was given to the World Bank Mission on 5th of January, 2006.

The Status Report forms the basis for project identification. The Report is structured into nine chapters. Chapters 1 to 5 describe current status of Chakwal with reference to institutional set-up, zoning & landuse, infrastructure and growth directions. Chapter 6 to 9 provides similar information about Khewra. Technical details about infrastructure are annexed.

1.2 WORK METHODOLOGY

The consultants conducted reconnaissance survey prior to field work, and held familiarization meetings with the elected representatives, TMA officials and community groups. For data collection and other requirements for production of this status report, the following methodology was adopted:

The Consultant obtained GIS parcel map of the town from PMDFC to be used as base map for landuse surveys. Main physical features and parcel-wise IDs were marked on the base map. The Consultants were also provided access to satellite imageries which provided vivid orientation about the town, its road network, built- up areas, main water channels and vacant areas etc. Through field surveys, landuses were marked over the parcel map using standard color codes. The TMA officials were consulted and involved in the survey process.

Simultaneously, for the purposes of GIS database, attribute data pertaining to major land uses like hospital, schools and other public buildings etc were also collected on specially designed proformas. Information was obtained from the Department of Education about total number of educational institutions (both male and female) including all colleges, higher secondary schools, high schools, middle schools and primary schools in the town. Information was also collected about number of students, teachers, availability of different facilities like drinking water, furniture, electricity and condition of buildings. Similar details were obtained about health institutions, and other public buildings.

For institutional analysis, the Consultant prepared checklists/interview schedule, listing the specific information required from TMA. The information collected was about the TMA in general, as well as that specific to Planning Branch, and

4 included TMA’s budget, staffing, office automation, complaint cells, monitoring committees, and training activities, building permissions and procedure for approval of building plans. From the budget, summary statistics were obtained about the opening balance, anticipated income, anticipated expenditure, closing balance, details of expenditure (development as well as non-development) and other salient features. From the Schedule of Establishment, the Consultant prepared department-wise summary table showing number of sanctioned posts, filled posts and vacant posts. Information was also sought about the number of computers (if any), photocopy and fax machines and other facilities;

For infrastructure services, surveys were conducted using the TMA’s criteria for supply of services, and the demand and gap in service delivery was worked out. This information collected was mapped provided a rich data base and a template for identifying areas with no service, partially serviced and fully serviced. For each infrastructure service, separate template was designed for collecting information, from the field and the TMA. The data collection exercise was preceded by collection of layouts of the infrastructure services, standard operating procedures, and operation & maintenance procedures. Field surveys were conducted to obtain Information about water supply (source, network, storage, pipes, by size and materials, treatment plant, users by type, tariff and human resources), sewerage (Sewers size, network, disposal, sludge pumps, disposal works, pipelines, wastewater treatment plant, users by type, tariff and human resources), solid waste management (collection network, disposal sites) and roads with their IDs and particulars.

The above tasks were accomplished with active collaboration of the Working Groups described below:

1.3 WORKING GROUPS

The Terms of Reference calls for formation of working group consisting of second line officials from the Planning Department, I&S Department and the Consultants. Unfortunately there are few second line officials in the above Departments. In fact even the first line officials are inadequate. At the time of data collection, a sub-engineer (who is a second line official), was looking after the offices of TO (P&C) as well as TO (I&S). However, within the available manpower in the TMA, the officials were actively involved in data collection in order to determine: . The status of service delivery in the area and the required improvements and extensions . The direction of growth for the area, and its implications for improved service delivery . The existing land use status and its implications for development

The Three stages of the planning process included:

5 1. Introduce new concepts of planning to:

a. TMA’s technical Staff b. The Councilors and c. The CCBs 2. Link Planning with Engineering and Finance 3. Develop a Viable list of projects and programs to be financed by PMSIP

The consultant’s team visited the Urban Union Councils of the project TMA and met the officials of the TMAs, Nazims, Councilors, CCBs organizers and notables. Initial findings based on the reconnaissance survey indicated that: 1. Qualified officials are posted by the Provincial government from its own pool and in most cases they are not residents of the area. Their tenure in a TMA generally varies from one to three years.

2. Members and officials of the CCBs are residents of the TMAs and each CCB has its members who are interested in the development of the areas lying in the TMA

3. Many citizens, who are neither elected councilors, nor members of the CCB, have an insight about the problems of the area and also are aware of the historical development and status of service delivery. Theses citizens have rich information and they have the user’s perspective for availability of basic urban services.

The above facts are summarized below along with mitigating measures. The consultants thus decided to include representatives from different segments of society, instead of just confining to second line TMA officials.

S.No. Constraints Mitigating Measures 1. Some of the positions in a) Include staff and Officials who are the TMAs are lying vacant available, irrespective of their period of stay in the TMA b) The locals as well as the CCBs being residents are enthusiastic and wanted to actively participate in all the stages of the data collection and identification of the projects 2. Tehsil Councils were not a) Nazim, shall be included as a formed at the time of data passive member of the working collection as the elections group. He will obviously not of Naib Nazim who is a participate in data collection but member of the tehsil his participation in identification council were held in and prioritization will be valuable December, after the b) Councilors from the Urban UCs

6 formulation of working were interviewed and included in group and data collection. the Working Group, especially for identification of projects 3. The quality of services By including residents, notables i.e., can be judged by users of the services the perception interviewing users of consumers from different areas through a household or a can be obtained consumer’s survey. 4. Historical data on many By interviewing the notables and services relating to date residents fairly good insight on of installation, capacity, infrastructure development can be rated capacity and even obtained. 1 land development is not available with the TMAs

Thus Consultants have formulated working groups keeping in view the following:

1. Stakeholders contact and participation 2. Elected representatives 3. Professionals from the TMA who are responsible for implementing projects and updating the data base 4. CCBs who will be working on community participation basis and spend almost 25 % of the development budget. 5. PMDFC who are monitoring the consultants work and developing data base for PMSIP for identification of development projects 6. Consultants who are collecting information and assisting PMDFC

During the initial stages of data collection several contacts were made with the above categories of people and were contacted to obtain first hand information on quality of urban basic services, delivery and the problems faced by them. The initial working groups were formulated by the consultants to facilitate data collection and get the status of services. Members of the working group are annexed.

1.4 TMAs UNDER THE DEVOLVED SET-UP

The Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001 became effective from 14th August 2001, when the new elected bodies assumed offices. The Urban Local Councils were abolished. In each tehsil, the Tehsil Municipal Administration (TMA) got the exclusive responsibility for municipal services. The municipal functions being performed by the defunct district council in the rural areas of the tehsil have also become TMA’s responsibility. Some social sector and other services like education, medical care, animal husbandry, etc., that were earlier

1 For instance in PD Khan Phase I of the water supply does not exist, TMAs records did not give much information, but the notables indicated that during the floods in the 90s the river changed its course and the Phase I was damaged and has come under water

7 being performed by the defunct ULCs in urban areas have now become the exclusive functions of the District Governments.

The local bodies elected under PLGO 2001 have already completed their tenure of four years. Fresh elections were held to elect new councils in August 2005. While union councils have already started to function, the tehsil and district councils will operationalize in late November/early December 2005, after elections of Naib (Deputy) Nazims of Tehsil and District Councils.

Municipal services and spatial planning fall under the jurisdiction of tehsils. Their overall organizational structure comprises of Tehsil Council (TC) and TMA. These are described below:

1.4.1 Tehsil Council

Governance is the responsibility of the Tehsil Council. It consists of one representative from each of the Union Councils (UCs) of the Tehsil - the Naib Nazim of the UC who is elected on the basis of adult franchise on a joint ticket with the UC Nazim2. In order to ensure representation of women in the TC, special seats (1/3rd of the number of UCs in the tehsil) are reserved. Special seats are also reserved for labour/peasants and minority communities. The electoral college for the special seats comprises of all members of the UCs in the tehsil area.

The Tehsil Council is assisted by various committees as per the PLGO 2001, which include:

Monitoring Committees “responsible for monitoring the functioning of the offices of the TMA and preparing quarterly evaluation reports on the prescribed formats” - Section 138(2). Code of Conduct Committee to “ensure adherence of all members of the Councils, Nazims and Naib Nazims to the prescribed code of conduct for promoting their honest, responsible and efficient functioning and behaviour” - Section 139.

The Convener of the Tehsil Council is the Naib Nazim of the Tehsil. The Council has a separate Secretariat, headed by the Naib Nazim.

1.4.2 Tehsil Municipal Administration

The TMA is headed by the elected Tehsil Nazim who is responsible to ensure that the business of the TMA is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the PLGO 2001. He provides vision and direction for efficient functioning of the

2 The UC Nazim represents the UC in the Zila Council allowing for representation of directly elected members in both the Tehsil and Zila Council as well as providing a political linkage between these two councils with mutually exclusive functional responsibility.

8 municipal administration; formulates strategies for development of municipal infrastructure and improvement of delivery of the municipal services of the tehsil; oversees formulation and implementation of long term and annual municipal development programs; oversee the delivery of services by the TMA and implementation of the laws governing the municipal services; presents the budget proposal to the Tehsil Council for approval; supervises the utilization of the funds allocated to the TMA and ensures their proper accounting; establishes and supervise the working of the Internal Audit Office; and represents the TMA on public and ceremonial occasions (Section 57).

The Tehsil Municipal Officer (TMO) is the focal person in the TMA. He assists the Tehsil Nazim; acts as the co-ordinating and administrative officer in-charge of the offices and units of the TMA; and is the Principal Accounting Officer of the TMA.

There are four tehsil offices of the TMA including (i) Planning and Co-ordination; (ii) Municipal Regulations; (iii) Infrastructure and Services; and Finance. Each Tehsil office is headed by a Tehsil Officer. In order to provide integrated services in the urban areas of the tehsil where formerly an urban local council (ULC) functioned, a separate unit has been set up. Each such unit is headed by a Chief Officer and referred to as CO Unit which works under the TMO.

The TMA Rules of Business provide for an Executive Committee headed by the TMO and comprising of all the four TOs and the COs. This Executive Committee deals with all matters concerning two or more offices, administration, and financial or public policy; facilitates co-ordination among the offices of the TMA; provides avenues for consideration of matters of common interest and tender advice for cases that are referred to the Tehsil Council or the Tehsil Nazim.

The Tehsil Officer, Planning and Co-ordination [TO (P&C)] is responsible for spatial planning, zoning, land-use and building control; development planning including co-ordination of projects of Union Administrations and Village/Neighbourhood Councils in tehsil and with other local governments. He has the lead role in the planning and development activities in the TMA.

The Tehsil Officer, Municipal Regulations [TO(R)] is responsible for licensing, regulation and enforcement of municipal laws; and in management of municipal properties, facilities and enterprises.

The Tehsil Officer, Infrastructure and Services [TO (I&S)] is responsible for water, sewerage, drainage, solid waste, municipal roads, streets, street lighting, fire fighting and parks in the tehsil. In the urban areas these services are delivered through the CO Units, therefore, it is envisaged that the main responsibility of this office will be with regard to the development of new capital works jointly with the CO Unit and in providing technical support to the CO Unit who will operate and maintain all infrastructure services in their areas. In addition

9 this office provides all engineering related support to other offices of the TMA (and where requested to the Union Administration).

The Tehsil Officer Finance [TO (F)] is responsible for budget, revenues and accounts, including survey for surveillance and revenue potential.

1.4.3 Zila Mushavirat Committee

For preparation of the annual development plan and allocation of the development budget at the district level, the Zila Mushavirat Committee (ZMC) has a very important role under the PLGO 2001. The functions of the ZMC are to:

 Crystallise vision for integrated development of the District.  Prioritise and co-ordinate inter-tehsil development plans;  Resolve intra-district disputes;  Muster resources for crisis management; and  Set directions for realising economic potential of the district.

The Zila Nazim and Naib Zila Nazim and all the Tehsil Nazims of the District are members of ZMC. The Zila Nazim is the Chairman of the ZMC while the District Coordination Officer is the Secretary. The ZMC is to meet at least once in every three months.

1.5 PROFILE OF CHAKWAL

Chakwal’s current (2006) population is estimated to be about I02, 000, while that as per Population Census 1998 was 80,508. The town is located at a distance of about 97 kilometers South-West of Rawalpindi. It comprises of 30 union councils, of which 5 are urban. The total number of housing structures in the town, in 1998 were 12,429, most of which (92%) were pucca. Literacy rate was about 72% and the average household size was 6.4.

Chakwal was declared as an independent District in 1985 by combining subdivision Chakwal of District Jhelum, sub-division Talagang of District Attock and Police Station Choa Saidan Shah, carved out of Subdivision Chakwal, District Jhelum. Districts Rawalpindi border Chakwal and Attock in the north, District Jhelum in the east, District Khushab in the south and District Mianwali in the west. The total area of District Chakwal is 6609 square kilometers, (i.e. 1,652,443 acres or 669,005 hectares).

Lying at the beginning of the Potohar plateau and the Salt Range, the terrain of the town’s surrounding is undulating interspaced with dry rocky patches in the north and northeast.

10 CHAPTER-2: INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF TMA AND ITS PLANNING UNIT

While the role and set-up of TMAs in general has been described in Chapter 1 (Section 1.2), the analysis in this Chapter is specific to TMA Chakwal and its Planning Unit.

2.1 TMA CHAKWAL IN GENERAL

TMA office is located in close proximity to the old Grain market in front of Committee Park in UC 2. having access to the Thanil and Railway road, which Comprises of 30 union councils out of which 5 are urban while the remaining 15 are the rural UCs. Chakwal City comprises of 5 UCs. There is only one CO unit in Tehsil Chakwal. This Section describes TMA’s budget, staffing, level of office automation etc.

2.1.1 Budget

Financial abstract of TMA budget, 2004-2005 is given in the Table 2.1. Table 2.13 The anticipated income of TMA for the TMA Budget (2004-2005) year 2004-05 was Rs. 190.02 million, Details Rs. (mills.) while anticipated expenditure was Rs. Opening Balance 59.76 193.64 million. TMA’s sources of Receipts 190.02 income are taxes, fees, rates, rents Current Expenditure 50.70 and charges/fines etc. Major Development Expenditure 193.64 Total Expenditure 244.34 expenditures include establishment Closing Balance 5.44 cost and contingencies.

2.1.2 Staffing

The situation of staffing in TMA Table 2.24 Chakwal is not satisfactory, as most of Key TMA Staffing the posts under each department are Designation Filled lying vacant. The situation of Planning TMO 1 Department is worst, as almost 76% TO (Finance) 1 posts of the Department are lying TO (regulation) 1 vacant. Finance Department is better TO (P&C)) 1 in terms of staffing as 72% posts TO (I&C) 1 under this Department are filled. CO 1 However, it is important to note that the posts of TMA as well as all TOs are filled.

3 Source TMA Budget, Chakwal, 2004-2005. 4 As Above

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Table 2.3: Overall TMA Staffing5 Sr. Total % Filled % Head Filled Vacant No Posts Vacant 1. Tehsil Council Secretariat 6 4 9 66% 44% 2. General Branch 11 5 16 69% 31% 3. Finance Department 23 9 32 72% 28% 4. Regulation Department 8 5 13 61% 39% 5. Planning Department 4 13 17 23% 76% 6. Infrastructure Department 74 45 119 62% 38%

2.1.3 Office Automation

There are present 4 computers, 2 printers and 1 photocopy machine in TMA Office.

2.1.4 Complaint Cells

A Complaint Cell has been established in the TMA. The complaints are recorded manually on registers. The response to the complaints depends upon the nature of the problem. Complaints are made verbally and the frequency of written complaints is low. Most of the complaints relate to water supply.

2.1.5 Monitoring Committees

In accordance with the provision of Local Government Ordinance 2001, monitoring committees have been constituted. During the previous year Accounts & Development Committees were more active as compared to other committees. Guidelines have also been prepared for the capacity buildings of these Committees, in accordance with the recommendations of NRB.

2.1.6 Training and Capacity Building

To enhance the Table 2.4: Trainings Arranged by PMDFC potential of Nature if Number Date Conducted by Tehsil Municipal Training of Administration, Trainings PMDFC GIS 1 6 May, 2005 PMDFC arranged Performance 1 21 March, 2005 World Bank different Management trainings in the Capacity 1 August 30-31, World year 2005. The Building 2005 Bank/PMDFC basic aims of these trainings were to enhance the capacity of concerned TMA staff in budgeting and planning matters, awareness of technical components, and

5 Schedule Of Establishment, TMA, Chakwal.

12 imparting basic computer skills. More specifically, the trainings were about GIS, performance management and capacity building. Performance management is a system of regularly measuring results (outcomes of an intervention and using this information to increase efficiency in service delivery). A summary of these trainings is presented below:

2.2 PLANNING ACTIVITIES, SYSTEMS AND SKILLS

Many of the provincial functions have been devolved6 to local level. These include spatial planning, zoning/landuse control and development control regulations, which have been entrusted to TMAs. However a crucial deficiency is the lack of capacity of TMAs to carry out these functions. To understand the spatial planning functions of TMA, it is important to relate these with the similar functions of the District Government as well as Union Councils. Spatial Planning and Development Control related functions of the three tiers of local government are summarized in Table 2.3 below.

6 Local Government Ordinance 2001

13 TABLE 2.5 SPATIAL PLANNING RELATED FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS (PLGO, 2001)7 Local Govt. Officer Reporting Planning Role & Control Functions Tier Responsible Status District District Officer Executive Approval of Master Plans, Zoning and Landuse Government (Spatial District Officer Plans, including classification and reclassification Planning) (Works and of land, environmental control, urban design, Services) urban renewal, and ecological balances;

Review implementation of rules and bye-laws governing landuse, housing, markets, zoning, environment, roads, traffic, tax, infrastructure and public utilities.

Approve development schemes for beautification of areas along rivers and other water bodies. Tehsil Tehsil Officer Tehsil Preparation of Tehsil spatial plans, Landuse, Municipal (Planning & Municipal Zoning; Administration Coord.) Officer Exercise control over landuse, land- subdivision, land development and zoning;

Enforcement of municipal laws/rules/bye-laws;

Compilation of information provided by union and village councils of prioritized projects in the tehsils. Union Councils Union Union Nazim Collecting and maintaining statistical information Secretaries for socio-economic surveys, consolidating village and neighborhood development needs and prioritize these into union-wide development proposals;

Identification of deficiencies in the delivery of services and make recommendations for improvement thereof to the concerned TMA.

Under the devolved system, tehsil is the focus of planning attention. However, a tehsil plan cannot be a ‘stand-alone’ document, and it is highly desirable that the TMAs should discuss their respective tehsil plans in the District Mushavirat Committee, so as to address the inter-tehsil and cross-territorial issues. The amalgamation of tehsil plans will take form of a loose District Structure Plan. These District Structure Plans can be used as the basic building blocks for formulation of a provincial spatial strategy. The tehsil plan, besides providing upward linkages with the district plan, also provides framework for the preparation of local plans for union councils.

In Chakwal, like in most other TMAs of the Province, there is little recognition of their planning functions such as spatial planning, land use and building control, and in extending municipal services throughout the Tehsil area. There is no framework, strategic plan or an inter-sectoral or sectoral plan. Resources – physical, technical, human and financial – are not considered in a comprehensive

7 Source: Punjab Local Government Ordinance, 2001

14 integrated manner. No explicit policies or priorities have been defined. There is no spatial or infrastructure development plan. Inter-sectoral or intra-sector priorities are not defined. Development is seen in the context of one-off “schemes” or “works” which has no relationship to the overall objective of making available basic municipal services to the people of the area. The allocation of financial resources to the “schemes” identified by UC representatives in the Tehsil Council (the UC Naib-Nazims) and necessity to treat all UC representatives “equally” has meant that the resources are scattered on a number of micro-initiatives with the result that the major enabling investments suffer or are ignored.

There are increased opportunities in the field of revenue generation through spatial planning because many potential sources of revenue have not been effectively tapped under a centrally controlled revenue collection system. A more effective revenue collection can probably be achieved by local level authorities because a) the potential sources of revenue are better known at local level, and b) taxpayers are generally more willing to pay taxes and refrain from tax evasion if the utilization of their tax money is more obvious to them, and the public entities managing such tax revenue appear to be more within their reach in terms of political supervision and control. Decentralized management of public funds creates an opportunity not only for increasing total revenue but also for spending these funds more wisely and more effectively, including to the benefit of hitherto disadvantaged groups, if systems of adequate checks and balances can be institutionalised. This connects back to the issue of improved community and citizen participation.

Unlike tax revenue, urban land cannot be increased, and its careful management is therefore all the more important. The preparation of long term development plans for an urban settlement as a technical activity, and its political “securing” are cornerstones of urban land management. Prudent land management will require a policy where local government itself should own and manage land in sufficient quantities, where land ownership is not allowed to become excessively skewed in social terms, where the construction of new housing areas and industrial areas is carefully planned after thorough consideration of all its implications, where the urban land policy considers the needs of the urban poor, including the natural growth of their numbers and including newly arriving migrants from rural areas, and where land-related resources such as soil and groundwater are sufficiently protected from avoidable pollution and contamination.

It is necessary to integrate all project components through spatial planning vis-à- vis locational and allocation aspects. The need for revenue generation also calls for conducting Landuse Surveys (to assess kind of properties/landuses etc) and hence takes prudent decisions about levying of various charges and taxes on different landuses. No development should be allowed without planning

15 permission from TMA. Other measures can be parking fees in selected locations, signage and hoarding fees, and use of planned Community Toilets etc.

A lot needs to be done to remove institutional weaknesses and build capacities of local government institutions. Regarding Spatial Planning, lack of development control and indiscriminate landuse changes without TMA’s approval are causing not only substantial revenue loss to TMAs, but also resulting in haphazard expansion of built-up areas, wastage of prime agricultural land, admixture of non-compatible landuse, ribbon developments along main communication routes and environmental degradation.

2.3 PLANNING UNIT OF TMA

2.3.1 Staffing

The Planning Unit of the TMA has a total of 16 sanctioned Table 2.6: Staffing in Planning Unit8 posts, out of which 4 are filled Designation Sanctioned Filled Vacant and 12 are lying vacant. The seats TO(P&C) is in place. Similarly TO (P&C) 1 1 0 one post of Building Inspector Building 2 1 1 Inspector against the sanctioned Draftsman 1 0 1 strength of 2 is also filled. Clerks 7 1 6 However, 75% of vacant Naib Qasid 4 1 3 seats are a clear indicator Patwari 1 0 1 that that the staffing is highly Total 16 4 12 inadequate and immediate remedial measures need to be taken.

2.3.2 Building Control

A total of 1265 house plans were received over the past three years, of which 1015 (about 80%) were approved. The year-wise details are presented in Table 2.5. Besides, a total of 118 plans for commercial buildings were also submitted during the last three years, ranging from 31 in 2004-05 to 52 in 2003-04.

Table 2.6: Building Approval Applications9 Residential Applications Year Total Commercial Total Approved Pending Received 2002-03 440 397 43 35 475 2003-04 417 345 72 52 469 2004-05 408 273 135 31 439 Total 1265 1015 250 118 1383

8 Source: Schedule of Establishment, TMA, Chakwal 9 Source: Planning Branch, TMA, Chakwal

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2.3.3 Procedure for Building Control

According to law the person who intends to erect or re erect a building within the boundaries of Tehsil Municipal Administration must seek prior approval of the concerned TMA. But in actual practice most of the people do not bother about approval/ sanction of the competent authority and the construction is either started or in some cases even accomplished with out approval. In such case the building inspectors of the Planning Branch of TMA serve a notice to the owner, in which the owner is informed about the status of the violation which he has committed and is directed to submit the plan to the TMA.

The owner submits his application on Form 1 (provided by TMA) along with the following documents.

1. 4 copies of the building plan comprising:

 Location plan of proposed building  Site plan of the building  Actual plan of the proposed structure with complete description of use of each and every part of the building, the details of doors, windows, height of building, foundation details, drainage plan etc. 2. Attested copy of ID card. 3. Attested copy of ownership documents.

The scrutiny fee of the building is also submitted by the owner at that time (Scrutiny fee is charged as per square feet covered area rate)

The submitted documents are put in a file, which is given registration number for ready reference. Field staff of TMA’s Planning Branch visits the site and gives its report. During these visits, following information is collected:

 The plot on which the structure is proposed, is it vacant, construction has been completed or under construction.  Whether the proposed structure and its proposed use is compatible with the surrounding developments  The building is in accordance with the submitted plan or not?( If the construction has already been completed)

After the submission of the field report of building inspectors the following possible actions are taken:

In case of fresh Construction

The plan is scrutinized in the light of existing bye laws of TMA. If the plan is according to the bye laws and also the field report is in favour of the construction,

17 it is approved. If the building plan is not in accordance with the building byelaws then the owner is asked to resubmit the plan and necessary instructions are provided to him.

In case of already constructed buildings

In case of already constructed buildings the fines/penalties are imposed as prescribed in the schedule of TMA’s Bye laws or if the structure is seriously dangerous or the TMA is unwilling to give compensation keeping in view the sensitivity of the violation, the demolition orders may be given.

18

CHAPTER 3: ZONING TYPOLOGIES AND LANDUSE

3.1 GENERAL

Zoning and Landuse Regulations are the legal framework through which the TMA applies planning control in a tehsil. These are techniques to control development and regulate the overall spatial structure of a tehsil. At present there are no tehsil-level regulations any where in the province. The land use patterns in tehsils are undefined and haphazard. Some of the main causes are rapid population increase, unregulated spatial growth, weak institutional set-up and lack of enforcement of whatever meager regulatory measures are available to the civic bodies. Mixture of incompatible landuses is a common phenomenon adversely affecting the quality of life. Enforcement of zoning and landuse regulations is necessary to promote public safety, health, convenience, and general welfare of the community.

Zoning and Landuse regulations are meant to ensure that no person develops any land or constructs/alters any building without approval of the relevant planning authority. The non-existence or lack of landuse and zoning regulations is the root cause of physical and environmental degradation.

Certain landuses are in-compatible; for example obnoxious industries and residential areas; Landuses generating/attracting high traffic volumes and amenity areas for small children, etc. This is what zoning is all about; segregating non-compatible landuses. It allocates land for different activities for present and future, avoiding incompatibility. Zoning facilitates effective and meaningful control of landuses. Zoning is likely to function best when used to effectuate an approved tehsil master plan, demarcating the tehsil into distinct landuse tracts.

Zoning and Landuse regulations aim at:

i. Zoning of land within a TMA, vacant and built-up, with a view to enhance their value through better landuse control.

ii. Protection of residential, business, and industrial areas and uses alike from encroachments by incompatible and harmful uses.

iii. Identification of land that should be prohibited for future growth, or opened up for future expansion of the settlement, in terms of housing or other uses, along with the related facilities and services.

iv. Where possible, only the non-culturable land be earmarked for residential purposes.

19 v. Municipal services should not be extended to non-recognized/unapproved settlements.

vi. Developing sound relationship and interaction between various landuses to co-exist in harmony. vii. Regulating height and bulk of buildings and spaces around the buildings in the specified use zones. viii. Gradual shifting or elimination of existing non-conforming uses as may be specified in the regulations though such uses may have been lawfully established before the promulgation of the regulations.

ix. Minimizing the loss of good quality agricultural land.

x. Keeping the cost of utilities and services to minimum.

xi. Based on the comparative advantage of the tehsil, to identify projects, which are of tremendous economic importance. xii. Propose measures to conserve areas of high landscape value, forests and green areas. xiii. Identification of principal opportunities and constraints to future physical expansion within tehsil. xiv. Identification of suitable areas for expansion. xv. Formulation of policies and actions to guide future growth in desirable directions.

It needs to be emphasized here that zoning and landuse regulations should not only focus on the physical environmental protection, but should also cover natural environment and ecology, since these are often a matter of survival. The fragile ecosystems make the environment highly vulnerable. The situation is aggravated by rapid population growth, leading to increased resource use and pollution, and a vulnerability to natural disasters.

In a hierarchical scale, zoning may be categorized vertically as given in Table 3.1.

20

Table – 3.1 Zoning at Hierarchical Scales

Zoning Scale Broad Landuses Tehsil Zoning Agricultural land/forestry, industrial, institutional, wholesale commercial, regional recreation, areas prone to flooding/water logging/salinity, areas unsuitable for development, built-up areas. Built-up Area Zoning residential, circulation, commercial, institutional, recreational, agricultural and vacant areas. Zoning of Special and Archeological/cultural heritage sites, buildings of historic Environmentally and architectural interest, endangered ecosystems and Sensitive Areas biosphere, water bodies banks of rivers, lakes and large streams.

Traditionally, in an attempt to allocate sufficient space for present and future activities and to avoid incompatibility, zoning at tehsil level (or a spatial unit within tehsil) aims at dividing the total area for residential, commercial, civic, industrial, institutional, recreational, areas prone to flooding/water logging/salinity, areas unsuitable for development and miscellaneous purposes.

Some of the above zones may further be sub-divided into different categories. For example, a residential zone may be divided into high density, medium density or low density zones. The density map based on this information provides fairly detailed and desegregated picture of densities within the TMA.

The proposed zones (in existing built-up areas or in future plans) may vary from TMA to TMA, in accordance with their physical and landuse characteristics. In a particular zone, the permitted landuses are those, which the TMA may allow. No land shall be used for any purpose inconsistent with the prescribed use.

3.2 ZONING TYPOLOGIES IN CHAKWAL

Ideally an existing urban area should be zoned on the basis of landuse characteristics. However, in Chakwal, like in most other towns of the country, landuses are mixed and no clear landuse pattern emerges. However, based on the available information, the following zones are envisaged:

i. Old City Zone ii. Institutional Zone iii. Sporadic Developments i. Old City Zone (UC 5)

Old City Zone comprises of Union Council 5, and is surrounded by Talagang Road in north, Bhaun Road towards west, Jhelum Road towards east and

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Circular Road towards south. It is a high density residential zone, spread over 33 acres. Besides housing it also contains the District Headquarter Hospital and an undeveloped ‘Sirpak Ground’ which is used as a multi-purpose play area and is located in the south-east of the UC. ii. Institutional Zone (UC 2)

This zone comprises of Union Council 2, and has mixed landuses. However a large number of institutions are located in it. The zone includes an educational complex encompassing a Degree College for Boys, Chakwal Campus of University of Engineering & Technology, Taxila, Vocational Institute for women, and a public Library. TMA office is also located in this zone. Besides, the zone also houses grain market and food godowns. However, housing remains the main landuse, but in relative terms, there are more institutions in this zone than in others. The total area under the zone is 283 acres. iii. Sporadic Developments (UC 1, UC 3 and UC 4)

The above UCs have more or less similar characteristics in terms of landuse disposition. These lie way from the central areas of the town, and therefore have sporadic developments. UC 1 and 4 lie towards west of the town while UC 3 lies in the eastern part.

UC 1 is bounded by Talagang Road on the south, and the By-pass Road towards east. Part of the UC in the south-western part has high income housing, but generally the residents belong to lower or lower-middle income group. The UC has a sports stadium but is not well maintained. There are also substantial developments particularly along Talagang Road. Also included in it are a bus stand and a cattle market. The area under UC 1 is 235 acres.

UC 4 lies south of UC 1. Its area is 271 acres and has Talagang Road towards north. Bhaun Road leading to Kallar Kahar passes through the centre of this UC. Fruit and vegetable markets and local transport stands are located in the UC.

UC 3 is spread over 186 acres and is surrounded by Jhelum Road in the west and Pinwal Road towards north. Many lower/lower-middle income housing clusters are coming up in the area, but in a haphazard and unplanned way. There are a few local transport stands along Jhelum Road. There are a large number of brick kilns in the peripheral area of this UC.

3.3 LANDUSE DISPOSITION

Chakwal town evolved over time without any planned interventions. The town has admixed of landuses and ribbon developments along Talagang, Mandra and Jhelum Roads are prominent.

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Union Council 5 and 2 form the central area of the town which is most congested and hub of commercial and institutional activities. Primarily this area comprises of southern part of UC 2 and the entire UC 5. While UC 5 is mostly admixture of residential and commercial uses, UC 2 on the other hand has many institutional uses as well as residential areas.

In UC 1, residential area is less congested and commercial strips can be seen along the roads. This area comprises of Mohalla Line Park, Lafarabad, Sajjidabad, Chushtian, Ferozabad, Gulshanabad, Shams colony, Nishat colony, Madina town Jinnah colony and Allama Iqbal town. These areas have haphazard layout but are not very congested.

Municipal Stadium and Cattle Mandi are located in this part of the town. Government offices like EDO (works and services), police station, and office of the Deputy Director Agriculture are also located on Talagang road. The General Bus Stand near the Cattle Market is also located along the main Talagang Road.

Commercial activities are common along the streets and Main Talagang Road. Grain market and Godown are located opposite to the railway station on Bypass road.

The Punjab Industrial Development Corporation has established an Industrial Estate on Mandra Road. There is a Textile Mill near Jinnahabad Housing scheme on Mandra road. Chakwal is also famous for its quality bricks, shoe and pottery making. The major commercial and private office activities in commercial plazas are along Pinwal and Jhelum Roads.

3.4 HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

The number of housing units in Chakwal, as reported in 1998 Census, was 12,429, while the current number (in 2005) is Table: 3.2 Type of Housing Structures10 estimated to be 15,835. Type of Structure Number % More than 92% of the Pucca 14,600 92.20% housing units in Chakwal Semi Pucca 850 05.37% town are pucca houses, Katcha 385 02.43% % 100.00% about 5.4% are semi pucca Total and about 2.4% are katcha Number 15,835 houses.

10 Percentages of different kinds of housing structures given in District Census Report, 1998, have been applied to the estimated number of housing units in 2005.

About 26% of the housing units in Chakwal Table: 3.3 Housing Facilities11 have drinking water facility within their Facilities % houses, about 55% have latrines (proper Drinking Water 25.67% structure with roof) and about 94% have Availability of Latrine/s 55.18% electricity. Electricity 94.03%

For the purposes of housing typologies, the town can be broadly categorized into three areas i.e. the old town (UC 5), Institutional Zone (UC 2), and sporadic developments (UC 1, 3 and 4).

Practically all houses in Chakwal are constructed with burnt bricks bonded with cement.

About 30% houses in old part of the town (UC 5) are single storey and 60% are double storey. About 10% have more than 2 storeys. Most of the houses (60%) in this part of Chakwal were built during pre-partition days. About 30% were built in the period 1947-75, while 10% were constructed after 1975.

Most of the houses (60%) in the institutional zone (UC 2) are single storey, about 35% are double storey and about 5% have more than two storeys. There was hardly any housing in this area before 1947 (less than 10%), while bulk of housing came up during the period 1947-1975. About 30% were built after 1975.

The remaining three urban union councils i.e. 1, 3 and 4 have sporadic developments. Most of the houses (70%) in UC 1 have single storey, while in UC 3 and 4; about half the houses have single storeys. More than 50% houses in these UCs were constructed after 1975.

11 As reported in Census Report, 1998 for Chakwal town

1

Table 3.4: Housing Typologies in Chakwal12 (% of Houses) Type of Construction Number of Year of Storeys Construction Burnt Burnt Burnt Mud Area Bricks Bricks Bricks Houses Pre- 1947- After with with with 1 2 >2 1947 1975 1975 Cement lime/clay mud Bond bond bond Old City (UC 5) 100% 0% 0% 0% 30% 60% 10% 60% 30% 10% Institutional Zone 100% 0% 0% 0% 60% 35% 5% 10% 60% 30% (UC 2) UC- 100% 0% 0% 0% 70% 25% 5% 5% 30% 65% 1 Sporadic UC- 100% 0% 0% 0% 48% 47% 5% 2% 35% 63% Developments 3 UC- 100% 0% 0% 0% 50% 48% 2% 10% 40% 50% 4

12 The data in this table is based on reconnaissance survey conducted by the Consultant’s team.

CHAPTER 4: STATUS OF INFRASTRUCTURE

With the opening up of the Motorway it provides a convenient link between the National Highway N-5 and Motorway especially for traffic from upcountry to Jhelum and other towns in the vicinity. The main roads passing through Chakwal as such are maintained partially by the provincial Highways Department and Local Government – the TMA.

The quantity of water in the city is low and sub-soil level is too deep. There are no hand pumps. The water found in most of the places is chemically hard. There are very few sweet (soft) water wells either in homes or in and around the city, which are not enough to provide even drinking water to the residents. The water supply scheme started with construction of Dhok Talian and Khokhar Zer small dams in 1972. The rainwater is collected in these cement reservoirs 27 kilometers away from Chakwal, pumped to village Waryamal where it is treated and then supplied in the city. But people still prefer to buy sweet well water for drinking at the rate of two rupees per 18-liter can. Or women fetch water in large containers on their head. The pressure in supply lines is never enough. People have installed motor pumps in their homes to suck water to fill their own containers when supply is opened at different timings. Hawaiians still are living under strict water discipline permanently.

Infrastructure for the city that covers all the five urban UCs has been studied, data was collected from i) PMDFC; ii) Local Government and concerned Provincial Government Departments iii) The TMA Chakwal; and other stake holders. The collected information was verified in the field; gaps were identified and additional information was gathered through field surveys. The collected information has been compiled and analyzed to identify the under serviced or those areas that have no service.

Following sectors have been considered for urban infrastructure services:

Transportation - Roads and Streets Inter city roads Intra city roads [major roads]

. Residential and internal roads and streets . Water Supply . Sewerage and Drainage . Solid Waste Management . Electrification and street lighting . Others o Parks and Playgrounds o Community Toilets o Slaughter House

1

4.1 ROADS AND STREETS

It is connected with its surrounding urban settlements by a network of roads. There was a rail link from Mandra – Jhelum to Chakwal and Bhaun. However due to the development of roads and convenient transportation system of trucks, buses and wagons the rail has been abandoned. The railway station building ahs been dilapidated and lying vacant.

The main bus terminal has been shifted out of the city, however the private as well as the public buses use the old bus station at Talagang road. Smaller public transport like wagons and coaches use their own specified locations mostly in the UC 5 and UC 2 along Talagang and Jhelum Roads.

Roads play an important role for the development and growth of any city. The major roads develop the shapes of the cities so while planning and designing of the cities, important considerations should be given to road networking. Chakwal is connected by a network of roads and has an easy access to Motorway M-2 and the National Highway – N-5 [ old GT Road].

The roads serving the town can be divided into following categories

Major Roads

Mostly under the control of Provincial Highways department

i. Talagang Road ii. Jhelum Road iii. Mandra Road iv. Bhaun Road

2) Secondary Roads

v. Penwal Roads vi. Thanil Road vii. Railway Road viii. Circular Road

Major Roads, Inter City Network:

Talagang and Bhaun roads connect the city center with the Motorway. So the heavy vehicular traffic plying between Rawal pindi & Jhelum passes through these roads.

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Mandra and Jhelum road are extremely busy roads of the town, as these connect Chakwal with the National Highway N-5. Theses roads also serve as connecting arteries between the Motorway and the National Highway. Inter city traffic from the Western part of the country diverts from the motorway on to the national highway through this route. Traffic plying between Chakwal and Rawal pindi also passes through this road.

Bhaun road has also emerged as a regional artery as in addition to connecting Chakwal with Khushab and Sargodha; it provides an easy access to the Motorway.

Intra City traffic:

Talagang road is the busiest road of the town; local traffic along with heavy vehicular traffic inter city passes through this road. All the major commercial activities including the fruit market, vegetable market, and a local wagon stand are located along this road.

The TMA operated motorcycle, rickshaws and car stand is located along this road at Chapper bazaar, which is creating a bottleneck resulting in delays and accidents.

Jhelum road is passing through the old residential area of the town. A ribbon development of commercial activities can be seen along this road.

Mandra road provide the direct access to the center of the town. All type of inter and intra city traffic passes through this road. This road connects Chakwal with Kalar Kahar and Sargodha.

Bhaun road and Jhelum road bound the UC 5, which is a high density residential area, and also connect this residential area with the city center. Due to intra as well as inter city traffic the major intersections namely Islamia High school intersection and Bhaun Chowk get choked during peak hours.

Secondary Roads

Circular road connecting Bhaun road, Jhelum road originally planned out side the city now passes along along the boundary of UC -5 on wards through the center of UC 4 passing on to Talagang road. The circular road which was designed to provide a bye pass to the inter city traffic and reduce bottlenecks and traffic accidents, has now become a constraint resulting in time consuming and congestion in the thickly populated urban area of the city.

Penwal road connects the adjoining villages between Mandra and Jhelum road to the city center.

1 Residential Roads and Streets:

Chakwal has a population of about 110,000 persons living in some 16,000 housing units. Spread over five Union councils. Of these UC -5 is the densely populated and most of commercial activity as well as trading sector is located in this area.

All the residential areas are connected to each other and city center through main roads, or circular road. There are three categories of residential roads, i) Metal black top roads ii) Plain Cement Concrete surfaced roads, and iii) streets with brick soling.

The right of way varies from 60 feet to 24 feet. However in some areas the street width is less than 20 feet. Like all walled cities in the old city of Chakwal the existing streets and lanes are narrow and twisted and some of those have dead ends. These are not suited for vehicular traffic.

4.2 WATER SUPPLY

4.2.1 The Aquifer

The town has all necessary infrastructure and communication network for development but no water. The quantity of water in the city is low and aquifer - sub-soil water level is too deep, making installation of hand pumps or shallow pumps not practicable. There are very few hand pumps. The water found in most of the places is chemically hard. There are very few sweet (soft) water wells either in homes or in and around the city, which are not enough to provide even drinking water to the residents.

The water supply scheme started with construction of Khokhar Zer small dams in 1972. The rainwater is collected in the cement reservoirs 16 kilometres away from Chakwal, pumped to Khokhar Zer Water Works where it is treated and then supplied to the Tatral water works through gravity for onward pumping to the city. Second major water source designed and installed in 1990, is at Mial Water Springs, some 27 Kms to the south of the city. About 1,63 Cusecs water is collected in a cement reservoir and supplied to the Tatral water Works via a 12 “ diameter mild steel pipe through gravity

But people still prefer to buy sweet well water for drinking at the rate of two rupees per 18 liter can. Or women fetch water in large containers on their head.

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The water is supplied intermittently and the pressure in supply lines is never enough13. People have installed motor pumps in their homes to suck water to fill their own containers when supply is opened at different timings.

4.2.2 Bulk water and demand

In Punjab the government has devised standards that indicate water supply of 30 gallons per capita per day14. Considering the population projections for the city it

Table 4.1: Water Demand Forecasts Population Projections15 Water Supply gpd Name of 2006 – Town 1998 2006 2008 2018 Present 2008 2018 Demand Chakwal 80,508 106,655 114,605 164,178 3,519,602 3,781,952 5,417,863 is estimated that the present demand is for about 3.5 million gallons per day. The TMA records do not give any data regarding the quantity and supply of bulk water. However there are three sources of bulk water supply namely: 1. Khokhar Zer Dam; providing water through open irrigation channel to treatment plant the quantity of water is about 1 cusec [540,000 gallons per day]. At a distance of about 5 Kms from the dam treatment works have been established. Water from both the tube wells and the dam is treated, and supplied directly to Tatral water works through gravity. 2. Tube Wells 2 no. Located near Khokhar Zer Water Works / treatment plant, supplying about .27 cusecs [146,000 gallons per day]. 3. Mial Spring: located about 27 Kms from Chakwal, provides through gravity 1.25 cusecs [880,000 gallons per day] of water carried by AC and MS pipes to Tatral water works.

The water from all these sources is collected at “Tatral Water Works”, which includes four underground tanks of 575,000 gallons capacity. From here the water is pumped to three over head reservoirs located in various parts of the city

4.2.3 New schemes [under construction] a) Kot Raja Dam:

This project is under construction and will provide 1 cusec [540,000 gallons per day] water fed to the existing Mial Spring line through gravity to the city. The work on this project has slowed down due to financial constraints.

13 a). Informal interviews conducted by IAC survey teams, from users from Mohallah, Khawjgan, Gojra Sharqi, Quidabad, Jahangir Town Mohallah Ghousia, Farooqia and Rehmania. b). Working Group and TMA’s official record - timings for water supply 14 Refer Annex 5, Inception Report IAC submitted in Nov 2005 15 Population projected by applying annual average growth rate of 3.66% during the period 1981-1998.

1 b) Khai Dam :

Khai Dam is proposed about 16 Kms to provide 1 Cusecs of water to Chakwal City. c) Tube wells – 9 no

Nine tube wells of 0.31 cusec capacity each are proposed to be installed to meet the balance requirements of water. The total rated capacity of these TW will be about 2.60 cusecs.

4.2.4 Distribution a) Water Storage - Overhead reservoirs:

There are three overhead reservoirs in the city. a. Railway Road Reservoir; with a capacity of 20,000 gallons. b. Khumain Chok Reservoir, capacity 50,000 gallons c. Near Bhaun Chowk; capacity 100,000 gallons d. General Bus stand- Talagang road; 100,000 gallons, though the structure is complete but due to financial constraints the water tank has neither been connected with the supply nor with distribution b) Filtration Plant / Treatment Works:

There are two filter plants located adjacent to OH reservoir no 2 and 3, where potable water si available through the community tanks and residents collect this water and transport it for drinking purpose only.

4.2.5 Domestic and other supply

Approximately 30 % of the population is served with piped water supply. [Refer map] The water is only supplied for 1 to 3 hours a day in wet season, which reduces to alternate days in dry season. There are 3820 domestic and 179 commercial connections serving about 26,740 persons rest has to rely on private sources. The average per capita supply is there fore around 55 gallons; which is much higher than the standards set out by the Punjab Public Health Authorities.

Almost 60 % of the town area has no facility of water supply. [refer Table] The households that are connected with water supply indicated that they were facing the problems due to the quality of water, which is saline in taste.

Our analysis indicate that though the rated capacity of water supply is above 50 gallons per capita per day actual supply is much less; mainly due to the system losses, insufficient storage and inadequate pumping.

2

The pipes for water supply were placed more than thirty years back and have rusted and affect both the quality and quantity of water .

4.2.6 Water tariff

There are 3820 domestic water supply connections and water tariff is Rs. 70/- month and for 179 commercial users the tariff is Rs 200/- month.

4.2.7 Water Quality

The quality of water is checked occasionally by collecting samples and sending those over to laboratories at Lahore. The results indicate that the quality of water is as per WHO standards. However the taste of water is brackish and saline and locals do not like to drink this water. The water is also hard, and the soap sticks to hands while washing.

4.3 Wastewater:

4.3.1 Sewerage

TMA caters for about 80% of the area with a mixed wastewater collection system consisting of open drains, sewers and ponds.

Sewerage system in Chakwal was planned in the early nineties and installed in 1998 -99 with a cost of Rs.33 million. The RCC pipes of varying size, 36” – 9” were laid along the main roads, and some secondary roads. [Refer table]. Primary and secondary network of about 34.45 Kms in length was laid during 1995-98, while the tertiary network in most of the residential areas needs to be laid. Wastewater from residences to the main lines is collected through open drains, which are almost 22.5 Kms in length and then disposed off through sewers to near by ponds.

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Table 4.2: Existing and proposed Sewerage Schemes

# Detail Size Existing Proposed by TMA for Phase Length – Rft Rs. Million 1 RCC Sewer 9 “ 68,720 Nil Nil 2 RCC Sewer 12” 21,890 140,000 42.00 3 RCC Sewer 15” 7,070 7,400 2.78 4 RCC Sewer 18” 6,500 1,000 0.43 5 RCC Sewer 21” Nil 4,000 2.00 6 RCC Sewer 24” 1,660 1,000 0.55 7 RCC Sewer 27” 1,280 2,500 2.00 8 RCC Sewer 30” 8,00 5,000 4.50 9 RCC Sewer 36” 8,00 6,000 7.80 10 RCC Sewer 42” Nil 2,400 3.60 Source: TMA Chakwal; Proposed Sewerage Scheme

This strategy has resulted in pollution of the area but also causing many water born diseases. The system of open drains is covering about 60 % area of the town. The rest of the town drains its sewage in open lots or near by storm water drains [nullahs]

4.3.2 Storm Water Drainage

Brick lined storm water channels are provided along both sides of the main roads that drain into a natural storm water channel running along eastern and southern side of the city. The city however lacks a proper storm water drainage system, especially in the residential areas and bazaars.

4.4 Solid Waste Management

4.4.1 Municipal waste:

According to 1998 census the population of city was about 85,000 persons that has increased to about 110,000 persons. Based upon per capita solid waste generation of 0.30 kilogram per day, the quantity of solid waste produced in the city is estimated at 33 tons per day. Of this only 10 tons is collected daily and disposed off at near by site along Pinwal Road, which measures about 25 Kanals.

1

296 000 297 000 298 000 299 000 300 000 301 000 302 000 303 000

364 900 0 364 900 0 d

a x

o

R

l

T x e

a e x

k n

h h a t a x T b x

a

d x x x

x x x R o x a x x d d oa al R x x inw x x P 364 800 0 Solid Waste Map 364 800 0 x Chakwal

x M x a n d r x x a x x x x R x x x x x x x x o a 364 700 0 x x 364 700 0 d d x x x a x x o x x R x x x x s x xDh x s a a x x ko o P x Ro x y x x x a d x x d B x x a x o x R x x x x y x a x w l x x i x x N x a x x x x R x x x x x x x x 364 600 0 x x x x x 364 600 0 x x x x x Tala G ang Road x ala G ang Road x x x x x x Txe hsilx C h ow k T x x Bho w n cho w k x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x C x x x x xircul x a r Ro x x x x ad x x x x x J x h x x Isla m ia ch ow k x e x l x u m Ja 364 500 0 364 500 0 x b ia x x R r P 0.5 0 0.5 Kilometers o ur x a R x d o x x a x x x d x x x x x xx x x x x x x x x x x x x x P e Legend x e x r x S o 364 400 0 x h 364 400 0 ib ia x R Main Chowks o a d x d Pick Up Points a o R Dump Sites n w o h Roads B

364 300 0 364 300 0 D h a b

r o 296 000 297 000 298 000 299 000 300 000 301 000 302 000 a 303 000 d

1

Table 4.3 Estimated Solid Waste Generation by Urban areas of TMAs

Census Estimated @ growth rate 3.66% City/ Population 16 SW SW SW TMA 2006 2008 2018 1998 Generated Generated Generated Chakwal 80,000 106655 32 114605 34.5 164178 50 PD Khan 18,196 21998 6.6 23337 7.2 31363 9.2 Khewra 27,826 33221 10 34767 10.5 43644 13.5 Source: Information provided by TMA office Chakwal Based on the holding capacities of trolleys and the number of trips daily to the disposal sites, an estimated 10.00 tons of solid waste is collected from the city17. The percentage of solid waste collection therefore, works out to about 30 %. Consequently, there is a shortage of equipment for collection, storage and transportation of solid waste. There is no proper landfill or even a properly identified dumping site.

Table 4.4 Details of Equipment and Manpower

Tractor Trolleys For SW Collection: 5 Tractor with bucket for lifting garbage: 1 Suzuki Pickups for residential areas: 6 Total Vehicles: 12 Hand Carts / Wheel Barrows : 9 Containers 6 Sanitary Inspectors 1 Sanitary workers: 113 [ 72 permanent, 41 on daily wages] Persons as loaders: 26 Drivers : 9 Source: Information provided by TMA office Chakwal Solid waste is not collected daily and due to insufficient number of collection vehicles [refer table] the uncollected waste piles up and some of the waste finds its way to near by open drains or open lots and never gets collected.. Presently there are 113 sanitary workers working full time with the TMA. This indicates that there is one sanitary workers per 10,000 inhabitants or one worker has to collect garbage from about 135 households and additionally from at least 10 commercial and industrial establishments.. Each sanitary worker has to collect 320 Kg of waste daily.; since a sanitary worker can collect about 150 Kgs of garbage there is a need to employ at least 150 additional workers.

16 Refers to the financial year 2006 because of budgetary requirements, and not calendar year. 17 Source TMA Chakwal

1

4.4.2. Hazardous Waste

Waste from hospitals, and industries as well as other hazardous waste is not collected separately. There are no incinerators and even the practice of burying is not used.

4.4.3 Equipment

Details of equipment including tractor trolleys, containers and other are presented in the table, which indicates that hardly 30 % of the solid waste is collected. There is a need to acquire at least more collection vehicles.

The lack of resources in terms of staff and machinery are resulting in collection and disposal of only 30 % of waste generated.

This uncollected solid waste lies along the streets and mostly disposed into vacant plots or near by drains. This practice results in polluting the environment in terms of diseases and contamination of underground water resources.

In our informal interviews with the residents it was observed that almost all of them assigned high priority to solid waste collection and proper disposal. Neither any NGO nor any private organization has shown any interest in improving this system.

4.5 Electrification & Street Lighting

Most of the main roads are provided with streetlights; according to TMAs records there are 53 Kms of roads, which have streetlights. This indicates that almost 50% of the roads and streets are provided with the facility of lighting in the town.

The list of streetlights along with the location was provided by the TMA. Our team along with the working group verified this information in the field. Annex 10 presents the location and other details of lights.

2 4.6 Others Municipal Facilities

4.6.1 Parks

There are two parks in the whole town; of these only one is properly developed near the post office, covering an area of 4 Kanals. According to the planning standards adopted by the government of the Punjab there shall be at least 5 -7 % of the area under parks. That indicates at least 25 acres18 under the use of parks.

The parks lack in essential facilities like flowerbeds, benches, plantation and landscape. The marginal facilities that exist are not maintained properly due to lack of staff; [no care taker, no gardens] and availability of water.

The Tehsil Municipal Administration has planned a Public park, with adequate recreational facilities by developing new parks / playgrounds. The proposal costing about Rs.21 million is pending for submission to the Tehsil council.

4.6.2 Play ground, Stadiums and open Spaces

There are number of play grounds within the school and college premises. However there are no planned public grounds. Children have started using open railway land near the abandoned railway station and open space near the bye pass as play grounds.

There is only one stadium over an area of 100 Kanals, located near the bus stand. This stadium needs to be adequately furnished and upgraded.

There appears to be number of open spaces in the Chakwal city, however since the ownership of land and other details are not available its difficult to assess whether the land can be used as landscaped open space.

Open spaces along the roads and medians of the roads have not been properly kept and landscaped.

4.6.3 Fire Stations

The TMA has a fire station near the General Bus Stand, and owns one fire- fighting vehicle. There is no manpower to run the fire brigade and carry out

18 To be confirmed on the basis of area given by the PMDFC

3 dummy exercises. The vehicle cannot reach the bazaar and other areas with narrow streets.

TMA has proposed three fire stations; of these one is proposed over 3.68 Kanals, in Union Council 4, for the urban area to be located near Rescue 115, along Talagang road.

Following Staff has been proposed for the proposed fire stations.

Table 4.5 Proposed Manpower Fire Station

S. Details No Pay Scale No 1 Fire officer 1 17 2 Head Fire Man 3 8 3 Driver 3 7 4 Fire Men 6 5 Source: Information provided by TMA office Chakwal

TMA shall be equipped with proper vehicles and trained manpower for fire fighting.

4.6.4 Slaughter house

There is one slaughterhouse, comprising two rooms and some open space in Chakwal. There are no special arrangements for waste disposal and no environmental mitigation.

4.6.5 Community Toilets

There are no community toilets in Chakwal. The absence of this essential facility affects women and children the most.

Community toilets shall be provided in the bazaars, at the bus stops and at all the public places.

4 CHAPTER 5: URBAN EXPANSION AND GROWTH DIRECTIONS

5.1 URBAN EXPANSION

It is important to identify potential growth directions/corridors where provision of services and infrastructure is convenient and cost-effective. Thus housing and other activities should be discouraged in areas, which are not suitable for such developments.

The process of urban sprawl is likely to intensify with the passage of time resulting in further deterioration of environmental quality, Lower levels of efficiency and host of other social and economic problems in the area.

Main physical constraints of the town that inhibit its growth in certain directions are wastewater nullah towards east and south of the city. Besides the land towards east is broken because of large number of brick kilns and undulating land. The same is true about southern part of the town. The urban expansion is therefore not suitable in these directions.

It is envisage Table 5.1: Population Forecasts and Land Requirements for Future d that the Population of Chakwal19 Incremental Land Required populatio Population (Acres)20 2005- 2010- 2005- 2010- n of 1998 2005 2010 2025 Chakwal, 2010 2025 2010 2025 after 5 80,000 101,341 117,482 183,033 16141 65551 404 1639 years, by 2010 would be around 117,482. The 2005 population is estimated to be 101,340, implying that incremental population during the period 2005-2010 would be about 16,000, while that in the period 2010-2025 is estimated to me about 65,500. The average density of the town is 40 persons per acre, entailing that the land requirement in the next five years (2005-2010) would be 404 acres while that in the subsequent 15 years (2010-2025) would be 1639 acres. Having assessed the extent of future expansion, the next step is to evaluate possible growth directions, and allocate the incremental populations considering the existing growth potential and adopted growth scenario. This has been done in the following section.

5.2 GROWTH DIRECTIONS

19 Projected on the average annual population growth rate of 3.66% (During 1981-1998) 20 Using the current gross average density of 40 persons per acre for the entire town.

5 For allocation of incremental population, different growth strategies are envisaged, making rational assessments about the directions where the absorption of this additional population is possible. The technical and physical features such as availability of land, current growth trends, availability of drinking water, economies of scale and the cost- effectiveness of infrastructure provision are pertinent factors to decide about the future growth directions. These need to be correlated with prevailing growth trends and status of infrastructure.

The three scenarios are: a. District Complex Axis b. North-West Consolidation c. South-west Consolidation

District Development Axis calls growth towards western direction, along Talagang Road, leading to District offices Complex.

North-West Consolidation Table 5.2: Population Allocation under Different Growth Strategies suggests Population Allocations (%) in: absorption of Along North of South of the incremental Growth Talagang Talagang Road, Talagang population Strategies Road leading western part of Road, western towards north of to Office the town part of the town Talagang Road, Complex District Office in the north- Complex 50% 25% 25% western part of Axis the town. North West 25% 50% 25% Consolidation Similarly under South-West 25% 25% 50% the South-west Consolidation consolidation Strategy, the emphasis will in the area south of Talagang Road, south-west of the existing town. At present there are sporadic developments in these areas, but provision of infrastructure exists, which can be development for the additional population.

The proposed population allocations in different areas under the three strategies are given in the Table 5.2 above.

6 297000 298000 299000 300000 301000

District Office Compl ex Axis 3648000 3648000 S t r at eg y-1 CH AKWAL

3647000 3647000

0.6 0 0.6 Kilometers

3646000 3646000

Leg en d

Roads Landuse Education Instt. 3645000 3645000 Public Buildings Religeous Health Others Residential

297000 298000 299000 300000 301000

1 297000 298000 299000 300000 301000

S o u t h Wes t Consol idat ion 3648000 3648000 S t r at eg y-2 CH AKWAL

3647000 3647000

0.6 0 0.6 Kilometers

3646000 3646000

Leg en d

Roads Landuse Education Instt. 3645000 3645000 Public Buildings Religeous Health Others Residential

297000 298000 299000 300000 301000

2 297000 298000 299000 300000 301000

N o r t h Wes t Consol idat ion 3648000 3648000 S t r at eg y-3 CH AKWAL

3647000 3647000

0.6 0 0.6 Kilometers

3646000 3646000

Leg en d

Roads Landuse Education Instt. 3645000 3645000 Public Buildings Religeous Health Others Residential

297000 298000 299000 300000 301000

3

MEMBERS OF WORKING GROUPS

IZHAR & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING 4

1. Izhar ul Haq, Team Leader and Planning Consultant, and resident of Salt Range Area

2. TMO, Sahibzada Riazuddun

3. TO (P&C), Asif Hayat Niazi

4. TO (I&S), Chakwal, Farhat Javed Ranjha

5. CO Malik Abid Hussain

6. ATO (I&S), Bashir Ahmad Bajwa

7. Nasir Mirza, Infra Structure Engineer

8. Adeel Sheikh, Infra structure Planner – Land use Data Collection

9. Asghar Ali, Chakwal

10. M.Nawaz, Chakwal

11. Mukhtar Riaz Notable, Chakwal

12. Resident Sub Engineer

13. Abid, Sub-Engineer

IZHAR & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING 5

Annexure

IZHAR & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING 6