DOCSLIB.ORG

INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the tmct directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 THE ONSET OF REGIME TRANSITION FROM SINGLE TO MDLTIPARTY POLITICS: A CASE STUDY OF TANZANIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jessica I. vener, M.A. The Ohio State University 1996 Dissertation Committee: Professor R. William Liddle, Adviser pprdved by Professor Richard Gunther Adviser Professor Isaac J. Howoe Political Science Graduate Program UMI Number: 9710673 Copyright 1996 by Vener, Jessica Ivy All rights reserved. UMI Microform 9710673 Copyright 1997, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Copyright by Jessica I. Vener 1996 ABSTRACT Using the case of Tanzania, this research analyzes the causes for the onset of transition to multipartyism- a phenomenon which has pervaded the African continent in the past decade. This aspect of the transition is notably understudied in the body of democratic transition literature to-date which focuses mainly, rather, on the transition process only once it has begun and, then, on its ability to achieve successful democratic consolidation. While current research is largely impressionistic and untested, hypotheses have been derived from the literature and empirically tested through interviews conducted with Tanzanian political leaders- leaders who were involved in the country's implementation of multipartyism. The following proposed causal factors are tested: elite disunity, economic change, domestic opposition, political donor aid contingency, and democratic global political change. The findings suggest the relevance of each of these factors, in addition to their interrelation and combined effect upon the leadership to undertake multiparty transition in 1992. IX Dedicated to my wonderful parents li i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my adviser Bill Liddle, Richard Gunther and Isaac Mowoe for their intellectual support, guidance, and encouragement which have made this study possible. I would also like to express my gratitude for the guidance which I received from Max Mmuya and Rwehikiza Hukandala of the Political Science Department at the University of Dar es Salaam. I am also indebted to them for inviting me to attend the Tanzanian national democratization conferences in the summer of 1994 organized by their department which provided me with an unparalleled opportunity to listen to and interact with the leaders of Tanzanian civil society, political opposition and government. I wish to thank the Tanzanian Commission on Science and Technology for granting me a research permit which enabled this study. This research would not have been possible without the generosity of Tanzanian political leaders and Embassy representatives in Dar es Salaam with whom I conducted interviews whose names are not listed only to protect their anonymity. Their enthusiasm for my research and their willingness to provide me with invaluable insight and to give me so much of their time was more than I could have hoped for. Interaction with them has endeared me to the political aspirations of their country. Arrangement for the interviews which I conducted with Members of the Tanzanian Parliament was made possible by the Principal Information IV officer of the Parliament, Richard F. Msaki, who went far beyond his responsibilities and to whom I am greatly indebted. I offer special thanks to Dr. Mowoe, as Director of the Ohio State University African Studies Center, for his continuous support and assistance throughout my studies at The Ohio State University. I also thank The Ohio State Graduate School for the award of a research grant which funded my travel to Tanzania. I also thank my colleague and husband, Paul D. Hoyt, for his invaluable support and encouragement throughout this project. VITA May 28, 1965. B o m - New York City, New York. 1997........ Instructor, West Virginia University. Instructor, Fairmont State College. 1996........ Instructor, Fairmont State College. 1994........ Research Affiliate, Department of Political Science, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 1992-1994... Graduate Fellow, The Ohio State University. 1992........M.A. Political Science, 1992, The Ohio State University. 1989-1992... Graduate Teaching and Research Associate, The Ohio State University. 1987........ B.A. Political Science, New York University. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field; Political Science VI TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract............................................................ ii Dedication......................................................... iii Acknowledgments..................................................... iv Vita................................................................ vi List of Tables................................. viii List of Graphs...................................................... ix List of Figures............................... x Chapter 1 : Introduction.............................................. 1 Chapter 2: Economic Change.......................................... 32 Chapter 3: Global Democratization...................................85 Chapter 4: Domestic Opposition..................................... 117 Chapter 5: Democratic Donor Aid Contingency......................... 158 Chapter 6: Elite Disunity.......................................... 217 Chapter 7: Conclusion..............................................278 Bibliography....................................................... 289 V l l LIST OF TABLES Table Pace 1.....Global political transitions to multipaurty politics...... 109-10 2 Global reverse transitions from multiparty politics......... 112 V l l l LIST OP GRAPHS Graph Page 1 Tanzania' s GDP................................................ 76 2 Tanzania’s GNP................................................ 77 3 value of the Tsh in terms of the USD........................ 78 4 Tanzania's balance of trade...................................79 5 Tanzania's terms of trade..................................... 80 6 Tanzania's external debt...................................... 81 7 Tanzanian central government's direct investment............ 82 8 Tanzania's GDP per capita.....................................83 9 CPI for food..................................................84 10 Global transitions from single to multiparty politics........ Ill 11 Global reverse transitions from multi- to single­ party politics.............................................. 113 12 Tanzanian percentage of trade with transitional countries....114 13 African and non-African multiparty transitions...............115 14 Transitions from single to multiparty politics by economic orientation........................................ 116 15 implementation of democratic donor aid contingency...........214 IX LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 Class structure and democratization/multiparty transition..... 15 2 Modernization and democratization/multiparty transition....... 16 3 Economic growth and democratization/multiparty transition..... 16 4 Economic decline and democratization/multiparty transition. 16 5 Interrelation of proposed causal factors......................28 6 Economic Change and multiparty transition.....................32 7 Economic liberalization and decline and multiparty transition................................................... 74 8 Global democratization and multiparty transition..............85 9 Domestic opposition and multiparty transition................118 10 Domestic opposition and multiparty transition (modified)..... 156 11 Donor aid contingency and multiparty transition..............159 12 Total net overseas development assistance to Tanzania 215-16 13 Elite disunity and multiparty transition.....................217 14 Tanzanian State leadership...................................221 15 Tanzanian Party leadership...................................221 16 Elite disunity and multiparty transition (modified)..........277 17 Interrelation of proposed causal factors (modified)..........286
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Environment Management Council (Nemc)
    NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COUNCIL (NEMC) NOTICE TO COLLECT APPROVED AND SIGNED ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATES Section 81 of the Environment Management Act, 2004 stipulates that any person, being a proponent or a developer of a project or undertaking of a type specified in Third Schedule, to which Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required to be made by the law governing such project or undertaking or in the absence of such law, by regulation made by the Minister, shall undertake or cause to be undertaken, at his own cost an environmental impact assessment study. The Environmental Management Act, (2004) requires also that upon completion of the review of the report, the National Environment Management Council (NEMC) shall submit recommendations to the Minister for approval and issuance of certificate. The approved and signed certificates are returned to NEMC to formalize their registration into the database before handing over to the Developers. Therefore, the National Environment Management Council (NEMC) is inviting proponents/developers to collect their approved and signed certificates in the categories of Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Audit, Variation and Transfer of Certificates, as well as Provisional Environmental Clearance. These Certificates can be picked at NEMC’s Head office at Plot No. 28, 29 &30-35 Regent Street, Mikocheni Announced by: Director General, National Environment Management Council (NEMC), Plot No. 28, 29 &30-35 Regent Street, P.O. Box 63154, Dar es Salaam. Telephone: +255 22 2774889, Direct line: +255 22 2774852 Mobile: 0713 608930/ 0692108566 Fax: +255 22 2774901, Email: [email protected] No Project Title and Location Developer 1. Construction of 8 storey Plus Mezzanine Al Rais Development Commercial/Residential Building at plot no 8 block Company Ltd, 67, Ukombozi Mtaa in Jangwani Ward, Ilala P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Mazungumzo Na Adam Shafi Juu Ya Uandishi Wake Wa Riwaya
    SWAHILI FORUM 18 (2011): 37-68 MAZUNGUMZO NA ADAM SHAFI JUU YA UANDISHI WAKE WA RIWAYA ADAM SHAFI & LUTZ DIEGNER Adam Shafi aliyezaliwa mwaka 1940 kisiwani Unguja ni mmojawapo wa waandishi mashuhuri wa riwaya ya Kiswahili. Hadi leo hii riwaya zake nne zimechapishwa, kuanzia Kasri ya Mwinyi Fuad (1978), riwaya iliyotafsiriwa kwa Kifaransa na Kijerumani, na Kuli (1979), hadi Haini (2003), riwaya ya kisiasa juu ya kipindi cha utawala wa kabla na baada ya kifo cha Rais wa kwanza wa Zanzibar, Abeid Karume (1972). Riwaya yake Vuta N'kuvute (1999) iliyoanza kutumika mashuleni tangu miaka kumi iliyopita ilisifiwa na kushangiliwa sana na wataalam, wanafunzi na wasomaji kwa ujumla. Riwaya yake ya kitawasifu Mbali na Nyumbani inayosimulia safari zake za miaka sitini kutoka Unguja hadi Ulaya ipo mitamboni. Hivi sasa mwandishi yumo mbioni kukamilisha muswada wa riwaya yake ya sita iitwayo Mtoto wa Mama. Aliwahi kuwa mwenyekiti wa Umoja wa Waandishi wa Vitabu Tanzania (UWAVITA) na wa Baraza la Maendeleo ya Vitabu Tanzania (BAMVITA). Miongoni mwa tuzo nyingine alizopewa ni Tuzo ya Zeze ya Mfuko wa Utamaduni Tanzania mnamo 2002. Mbali na uandishi, Adam Shafi aliwahi kufanya kazi mbalimbali za uandishi wa habari na kazi za ushirika wa kimataifa. Ni mkalimani na mfasiri kwa Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai ya Den Hague, Uholanzi, na mashirika ya kutetea haki za binadamu. Amechangia mengi katika kutunga kamusi kadhaa, ikiwemo Kamusi ya Kiswahili ya Karne ya 21 (2011). Anaishi Unguja na Dar es Salaam. Mazungumzo tunayoyatoa hapa yana historia ndefu kidogo. Kwa mara ya kwanza tulikutana mwezi wa saba, mwaka 2003 huku Ujerumani, mwandishi alipoalikwa na Akadamia ya Kievangeliki, Iserlohn, tukaendelea na mazungumzo yetu nyumbani kwake Upanga, Dar es Salaam, mwezi wa kumi na mbili mwaka ule ule.
    [Show full text]
  • Process in Tanzania the Political, Civil and Economic Society
    Tanzania has been independent in 2011 for 50 years. While most neighbouring states have Jonas gone through violent conflicts, Tanzania has managed to implement extensive reforms with- out armed political conflicts. Hence, Tanzania is an interesting case for Peace and Develop- ment research. E Challenges for the This dissertation analyses the political development in Tanzania since the introduction of wald the multiparty system in 1992, with a focus on the challenges for the democratisation process democratisation in connection with the 2000 and 2005 elections. The question of to what extent Tanzania has moved towards a consolidation of democracy, is analysed through an analysis of nine different institutions of importance for democratisation, grouped in four spheres, the state, Challenges for the process in Tanzania the political, civil and economic society. Focus is on the development of the political society, and the role of the opposition in particular. The analysis is based on secondary and primary Moving towards consolidation 50 years material collected in the period September 2000 to April 2010. after indepencence? The main conclusion is that even if the institutions of liberal democracy have gradually developed, in practice single-party rule has continued, manifested in the 2005 election when the CCM won 92% of the seats in the parliament. Despite an impressive economic growth, poverty remains deep and has not been substantially reduced. On a theoretical level this brings the old debate between liberal and substantive democracy back to the fore. Neither the economic nor the political reforms have apparently brought about a transformation of the political and economic system resulting in the poor majority gaining substantially more political influence and improved economic conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • By Martin Sturmer First Published by Ndanda Mission Press 1998 ISBN 9976 63 592 3 Revised Edition 2008 Document Provided by Afrika.Info
    THE MEDIA HISTORY OF TANZANIA by Martin Sturmer first published by Ndanda Mission Press 1998 ISBN 9976 63 592 3 revised edition 2008 document provided by afrika.info I Preface The media industry in Tanzania has gone through four major phases. There were the German colonial media established to serve communication interests (and needs) of the German administration. By the same time, missionaries tried to fulfil their tasks by editing a number of papers. There were the media of the British administration established as propaganda tool to support the colonial regime, and later the nationalists’ media established to agitate for self-governance and respect for human rights. There was the post colonial phase where the then socialist regime of independent Tanzania sought to „Tanzanianize“ the media - the aim being to curb opposition and foster development of socialistic principles. There was the transition phase where both economic and political changes world-wide had necessitated change in the operation of the media industry. This is the phase when a private and independent press was established in Tanzania. Martin Sturmer goes through all these phases and comprehensively brings together what we have not had in Tanzania before: A researched work of the whole media history in Tanzania. Understanding media history in any society is - in itself - understanding a society’s political, economic and social history. It is due to this fact then, that we in Tanzania - particularly in the media industry - find it plausible to have such a work at this material time. This publication will be very helpful especially to students of journalism, media organs, university scholars, various researchers and even the general public.
    [Show full text]
  • Company Meetings by Electronic Means Or Virtual Platforms in Wake of COVID-19 Restrictions
    June 16, 2020 High Court grants leave for publicly Legal Alert: Key Decisions on listed companies to convene AGMs Company Law in Uganda by electronic means or virtual NEW! ALP Company Law News platforms in wake of impracticality, ALP Alerts is a free legal information service owing to COVID-19 restrictions, of provided by ALP East Africa in respect of the in-person meetings, subject to prior firm’s practice areas in its country presence in no-objection from the Securities Kenya, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Exchange and compliance with The Alerts are also available on the ALP applicable notices. website www.alp-ea.com Company Meetings by Electronic Means or Virtual Platforms in wake of COVID-19 restrictions Background meeting of the company to be called, held and conducted in the manner the court thinks fit.” The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally disrupted “business as usual” as we had come Both British American Tobacco (Uganda) to know it. With social distancing measures that Limited and Stanbic Uganda Holdings Limited have been put in place by very many countries, (hereinafter “the companies”) are public it is becoming impossible to engage in forms of companies listed under the Main Investment physical interaction—assemblies, meetings, Market Segment of the Uganda Securities etc.—a thing that was hitherto not envisaged. Exchange. The need for public companies to hold a general meeting is provided under The question that arises is: what happens when section 138(1) of the Companies Act 2012. physical interaction is required to do a certain Such general meeting is held once a year and thing? Especially, when that is required by the law requires that not more than 15 months constituent documents of a body or by law.
    [Show full text]
  • The Post-Colonial Administrative System in Tanzania 1961 to 2019
    EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies Abbreviated Key Title: EAS J Humanit Cult Stud ISSN: 2663-0958 (Print) & ISSN: 2663-6743 (Online) Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-2 | Issue-5| Sept-Oct 2020 | DOI: 10.36349/easjhcs.2020.v02i05.003 Review Article The Post-Colonial Administrative System in Tanzania 1961 to 2019 Osmund Kapinga1*, Victoria A Gores2 1St. Augustine University of Tanzania 2Mwenge Catholic University Tanzania Abstract: This paper deals with different areas which are the fundamentals of Article History Administrative System in Tanzania. It focuses on dissecting the Tanzania post colonial state Received: 25.08.2020 in discharging its duties to the masses, reflect on colonial administrative system as an Accepted: 22.09.2020 oppressive, exploitative and humiliating institution and post colonial administrative system Published: 10.10.2020 as developmental agency, identification and analysis of post colonial administrative Journal homepage: structure and functions. Lastly, to assess the functioning of the administrative organs by https://www.easpublisher.com/easjhcs linking them to the basic needs of the masses. Methodologically the paper has been designed from historical exploratory design. The approach engaged in this paper is that of qualitative Quick Response Code nature utilizing both primary and secondary historical sources to gather information through in depth interviews, oral histories, observation and intensive archival documentary review. Research instruments such as interview guides and checklists were designed to facilitate smooth collection of the required data. Most of the secondary data were generated from libraries at SAUT, MWECAU, UDSM, National Library DSM, Mwanza Regional Library and Kilimanjaro Regional Library. The findings revealed that there were high hopes among the masses that throughout the struggle for independence rallied behind TANU which was the vanguard of the struggle for uhuru.
    [Show full text]
  • Facilitating Inclusion, Organization, and Rights for Street Vendors Ilona
    WIDER Working Paper 2021/53 Towards sustainable livelihoods in the Tanzanian informal economy Facilitating inclusion, organization, and rights for street vendors Ilona Steiler1 and Chediel Nyirenda2 March 2021 In partnership with This publication results from Sustainable development solutions for Tanzania—strengthening research to achieve SDGs, a collaborative project between the UONGOZI Institute in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and UNU-WIDER in Helsinki, Finland, with a main research objective of informing the development and implementation of policies aiming for economic transformation and sustainable development in Tanzania and the East African region. With financial support provided by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, the joint project was launched in 2018 with key research questions giving the partners a framework for collaboration and the research work to be undertaken. The project focuses on macroeconomic perspectives, domestic resource mobilization, extractives, industrialization, sustainable livelihoods, and gender as a cross-cutting issue. The project provides local stakeholders a platform for research and policy discussions on Tanzania and bridges these discussions to the regional and international development debate. About UONGOZI Institute ‘Uongozi’ means leadership in Kiswahili, and inspiring and strengthening leadership is the core purpose of our organisation. UONGOZI Institute is dedicated to supporting African leaders to attain sustainable development for their nations and for Africa. This is done through the provision of high-quality executive education (leadership competencies), facilitation of policy dialogues, action-oriented research and technical assistance for public and private institutions. UONGOZI Institute, Magogoni Street, Kivukoni, P.O. Box 105753, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Abstract: In spite of having some intensive national strategies to address poverty, Tanzania lacks a coherent national strategy to ensure sustainable livelihoods for those working in its informal economy, of which street vending is an important sector.
    [Show full text]
  • The African Union in 2000, Both Aspects Gain Greater Importance on Regional Level
    The protection of human rights and popular participation on the fi rst sight seem to contradict Karin Deichmann the often-existing image of the African continent. However, with the foundation of the African Union in 2000, both aspects gain greater importance on regional level. Besides that, many subregional courts within the sphere of sub-Sahara Africa partially started to develop human rights-related jurisdiction. In addition to that, most regional economic communities nowadays Regional Integration, Human Rights and provide for their own parliamentary structures. The study aims to examine the several Democratic Participation in Africa institutional structures and their competences on both, regional and subregional level. Besides that, it provides for a profound analysis of the jurisdiction of the respective courts as well as the communications of the African Commission of Human and Peoples’ Rights. Lastly, the study focuses on the correlation between the extension of the institutions’ competences and the political will of the involved governments. Karin Deichmann Regional Integration, Human Rights and Democratic Participation in Africa ISBN: 978-3-86395-468-0 Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Universitätsdrucke Göttingen Karin Deichmann Regional Integration, Human Rights and Democratic Participation in Africa This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. erschienen in der Reihe der Universitätsdrucke im Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2020 Karin Deichmann Regional Integration, Human Rights and Democratic Participation in Africa Universitätsverlag Göttingen 2020 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at <http://dnb.dnb.de>. Dissertation, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Contact Karin Deichmann E-Mail: [email protected] This work is protected by German Intellectual Property Right Law.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Tanzania
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced frommicrofilm the master. U M I films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/ 761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 9507836 War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania Francis, Joyce L., Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University History Faculty Publications History Department 2014 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan Sanders Bridgewater State University, [email protected] Virtual Commons Citation Sanders, Ethan (2014). Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors. In History Faculty Publications. Paper 42. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/history_fac/42 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. African Review Vol. 41, No. 1, 2014: 35-70 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan R. Sanders* Abstract To what extent was international pressure placed on Nyerere and Karume to unify their two states in April 1964? The argument made is that even though Americans were initially very pleased with the outcome of the Union—because they thought it would help stem the spread of communism in the region—this was not a Western-initiated plan forced upon East African leaders. Indeed, the evidence shows that Americans were largely in the dark and in fact very frustrated by their lack of influence on the situation. Instead, the Union merely served as a confluence of African and American interests. The internal factors are inspected by highlighting African concerns over outside interference, worries about domestic stability, and a desire by Karume to consolidate his power.
    [Show full text]
  • In Contemporary Zanzibar Marie-Aude Fouéré
    Remembering the Dark Years (1964-1975) in Contemporary Zanzibar Marie-Aude Fouéré To cite this version: Marie-Aude Fouéré. Remembering the Dark Years (1964-1975) in Contemporary Zanzibar. Encoun- ters: The International Journal for the Study of Culture and Society, 2012, pp.113-126. halshs- 00856968 HAL Id: halshs-00856968 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00856968 Submitted on 12 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Remembering the Dark Years (1964–1975) in Contemporary Zanzibar Marie-Aude Fouéré French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA), Nairobi, Kenya In the islands of Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba), the memories of violence and repression perpetrated by revolutionaries and the state from 1964 to 1975 have long been banished from the public space. The official narrative of the 1964 Revolution and the first phase of the post-revolutionary periodi developed and propagated by the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, through a control over the production, transmission, and circulation of ideas, combined with repressive measures against dissenting voices, led people to keep their memories private. The official injunction calling for silence did not bringabout a forgetting of the past, but rather contributed to the clandestine transmission and reconstruction of fragments of individual, familial, and community memories within private circles.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa at LSE: Book Review: Julius Nyerere by Paul Bjerk Page 1 of 3
    Africa at LSE: Book Review: Julius Nyerere by Paul Bjerk Page 1 of 3 Book Review: Julius Nyerere by Paul Bjerk In a short and precise volume, Paul Bjerk succeeds in debating the legacy of Nyerere in six short chapters. The book deals with the highs and lows of Nyerere’s illustrious political career and balances this in a manner befitting a great African statesman, says Nicodemus Minde. Paul Bjerk has taken keen interest in the study of Tanzania’s postcolonial history and in particular he has written about the country’s foreign policy and national building agenda with an emphasis on the leadership of Tanzania’s founding president Julius Nyerere. He is the author of Building a Peaceful Nation: Julius Nyerere and the Establishment of Sovereignty in Tanzania, (1960-1964) – which captures the very essence of national building in the formative years of Tanzania’s independence. Having been a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Iringa in Tanzania, Bjerk builds on his previous studies of the country by writing a short, succinct biography of Julius Nyerere. The book generally highlights the personal life of Nyerere, who was fondly known as Mwalimu – Swahili for teacher. The political story of Mwalimu has been told in many platforms including books, articles, monographs and documentaries. Bjerk, through conversations with Nyerere’s childhood friends tells of Mwalimu’s early life, growing up as a chief’s son. Nyerere’s mother was the fifth wife of Chief Nyerere Burito and as such educating the child of a fifth wife was not always a priority. However, after been convinced by another chief, Nyerere’s father sent his son to school.
    [Show full text]