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By Martin Sturmer First Published by Ndanda Mission Press 1998 ISBN 9976 63 592 3 Revised Edition 2008 Document Provided by Afrika.Info
THE MEDIA HISTORY OF TANZANIA by Martin Sturmer first published by Ndanda Mission Press 1998 ISBN 9976 63 592 3 revised edition 2008 document provided by afrika.info I Preface The media industry in Tanzania has gone through four major phases. There were the German colonial media established to serve communication interests (and needs) of the German administration. By the same time, missionaries tried to fulfil their tasks by editing a number of papers. There were the media of the British administration established as propaganda tool to support the colonial regime, and later the nationalists’ media established to agitate for self-governance and respect for human rights. There was the post colonial phase where the then socialist regime of independent Tanzania sought to „Tanzanianize“ the media - the aim being to curb opposition and foster development of socialistic principles. There was the transition phase where both economic and political changes world-wide had necessitated change in the operation of the media industry. This is the phase when a private and independent press was established in Tanzania. Martin Sturmer goes through all these phases and comprehensively brings together what we have not had in Tanzania before: A researched work of the whole media history in Tanzania. Understanding media history in any society is - in itself - understanding a society’s political, economic and social history. It is due to this fact then, that we in Tanzania - particularly in the media industry - find it plausible to have such a work at this material time. This publication will be very helpful especially to students of journalism, media organs, university scholars, various researchers and even the general public. -
The Post-Colonial Administrative System in Tanzania 1961 to 2019
EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies Abbreviated Key Title: EAS J Humanit Cult Stud ISSN: 2663-0958 (Print) & ISSN: 2663-6743 (Online) Published By East African Scholars Publisher, Kenya Volume-2 | Issue-5| Sept-Oct 2020 | DOI: 10.36349/easjhcs.2020.v02i05.003 Review Article The Post-Colonial Administrative System in Tanzania 1961 to 2019 Osmund Kapinga1*, Victoria A Gores2 1St. Augustine University of Tanzania 2Mwenge Catholic University Tanzania Abstract: This paper deals with different areas which are the fundamentals of Article History Administrative System in Tanzania. It focuses on dissecting the Tanzania post colonial state Received: 25.08.2020 in discharging its duties to the masses, reflect on colonial administrative system as an Accepted: 22.09.2020 oppressive, exploitative and humiliating institution and post colonial administrative system Published: 10.10.2020 as developmental agency, identification and analysis of post colonial administrative Journal homepage: structure and functions. Lastly, to assess the functioning of the administrative organs by https://www.easpublisher.com/easjhcs linking them to the basic needs of the masses. Methodologically the paper has been designed from historical exploratory design. The approach engaged in this paper is that of qualitative Quick Response Code nature utilizing both primary and secondary historical sources to gather information through in depth interviews, oral histories, observation and intensive archival documentary review. Research instruments such as interview guides and checklists were designed to facilitate smooth collection of the required data. Most of the secondary data were generated from libraries at SAUT, MWECAU, UDSM, National Library DSM, Mwanza Regional Library and Kilimanjaro Regional Library. The findings revealed that there were high hopes among the masses that throughout the struggle for independence rallied behind TANU which was the vanguard of the struggle for uhuru. -
The Case of Tanzania
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced frommicrofilm the master. U M I films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/ 761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 9507836 War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania Francis, Joyce L., Ph.D. -
Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University History Faculty Publications History Department 2014 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan Sanders Bridgewater State University, [email protected] Virtual Commons Citation Sanders, Ethan (2014). Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors. In History Faculty Publications. Paper 42. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/history_fac/42 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. African Review Vol. 41, No. 1, 2014: 35-70 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan R. Sanders* Abstract To what extent was international pressure placed on Nyerere and Karume to unify their two states in April 1964? The argument made is that even though Americans were initially very pleased with the outcome of the Union—because they thought it would help stem the spread of communism in the region—this was not a Western-initiated plan forced upon East African leaders. Indeed, the evidence shows that Americans were largely in the dark and in fact very frustrated by their lack of influence on the situation. Instead, the Union merely served as a confluence of African and American interests. The internal factors are inspected by highlighting African concerns over outside interference, worries about domestic stability, and a desire by Karume to consolidate his power. -
Politics, Decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar Es Salaam C
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87426 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Politics, decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar es Salaam c. 1965-72 by George Roberts A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History University of Warwick, Department of History, September 2016 Politics, decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar es Salaam, c. 1965-72 Acknowledgements 4 Summary 5 Abbreviations and acronyms 6 Maps 8 Introduction 10 Rethinking the Cold War and decolonisation 12 The ‘Cold War city’ 16 Tanzanian history and the shadow of Julius Nyerere 20 A note on the sources 24 1 – From uhuru to Arusha: Tanzania and the world, 1961-67 34 Nyerere’s foreign policy 34 The Zanzibar Revolution 36 The Dar es Salaam mutiny 38 The creation of Tanzania 40 The foreign policy crises of 1964-65 43 The turn to Beijing 47 Revisiting the Arusha Declaration 50 The June 1967 government reshuffle 54 Oscar Kambona’s flight into exile 56 Conclusion 58 2 – Karibu Dar es Salaam: the political geography of a Cold War city 60 Dar es Salaam 61 Spaces 62 News 67 Propaganda -
Single-Party Rule in a Multiparty Age: Tanzania in Comparative Perspective
SINGLE-PARTY RULE IN A MULTIPARTY AGE: TANZANIA IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Richard L. Whitehead August, 2009 © by Richard L. Whitehead 2009 All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT Title: Single-Party Rule in a Multiparty Age: Tanzania in Comparative Perspective Candidate's Name: Richard L. Whitehead Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Temple University, 2009 Doctoral Advisory Committee Chair: Richard Deeg As international pressure for multiparty reforms swept Africa during the early 1990s, long- time incumbent, such as UNIP in Zambia, KANU in Kenya, and the MCP in Malawi, were simultaneously challenged by widespread domestic demands for multiparty reforms. Only ten years later, after succumbing to reform demands, many long-time incumbents were out of office after holding competitive multiparty elections. My research seeks an explanation for why this pattern did not emerge in Tanzanian, where the domestic push for multiparty change was weak, and, despite the occurrence of three multiparty elections, the CCM continues to win with sizable election margins. As identified in research on semi-authoritarian rule, the post-reform pattern for incumbency maintenance in countries like Togo, Gabon, and Cameroon included strong doses of repression, manipulation and patronage as tactics for surviving in office under to multiparty elections. Comparatively speaking however, governance by the CCM did not fit the typical post-Cold-War semi-authoritarian pattern of governance either. In Tanzania, coercion and manipulation appears less rampant, while patronage, as a constant across nearly every African regime, cannot explain the overwhelming mass support the CCM continues to enjoy today. -
Civics and General Studies Journal
Appointment of Good Governance Minister who is responsible DEMOCRATIC PRACTICES IN for among other things for monitoring overall strategy and CHAPTER TANZANIA implementation of ant-corruption measures. The National Anti- 2 corruption Strategy focuses on the need for transparency and accountability in the government. A direct The concept of democracy democracy gives the voting Democracy is a form of government in which population all citizens have an equal say in the decisions the power that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes Conclusions to; change constitutional equal (and more or less direct) participation Problems in governance occur when a government is not only laws, put forth in proposals, development and passage of corrupt, but when it is also inefficient, unresponsive or secretive. initiatives, legislation into law. Essentially, when a government is ineffectual, it is considered to referendums be corrupt. Corruption is fundamentally caused by low wages, and suggestions It comes from the Greek word demokratía poor incentives structure and inefficient system. It is also caused for laws, give binding orders which is a union of two words demos meaning by the desire for unfair advantage and the knowledge that one to elective common people and kratos which means will not be caught or punished for corrupt behavior. officials, such power. Therefore democracy can simply be as revoking defined as the power of the common people. Corruption is not just about ethics, it is also about how them before the government is set up and managed. Parliament and the end of their elected term. There is no specific, universally accepted parliamentarians must oversee the way government works so that definition of ‘democracy’, but equality corrupt behavior is punishable, and opportunities for corruption and freedom both have been identified as are limited through laws. -
Recasting Julius Nyerere in Zanzibar: the Revolution, the Union and the Enemy of the Nation Marie-Aude Fouéré
Recasting Julius Nyerere in Zanzibar: the Revolution, the Union and the Enemy of the Nation Marie-Aude Fouéré To cite this version: Marie-Aude Fouéré. Recasting Julius Nyerere in Zanzibar: the Revolution, the Union and the Enemy of the Nation. Journal of Eastern African Studies, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2014, His Eternity Julius Nyerere? Politics, morality and subjectivities in Tanzania, 10.1080/17531055.2014.918313. halshs-01493028 HAL Id: halshs-01493028 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01493028 Submitted on 12 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. VERSION BROUILLON PREFINAL Recasting JuliusNyerereinZanzibar: The Revolution, the Union and the Enemy of the Nation Marie-Aude Fouéré InstitutFrançais de Recherche en Afrique, Nairobi, Kenya In Zanzibar, the figure of Julius Nyerere is being recast in debates over sovereignty, belonging and nationhood. Unlike mainland Tanzania, where he is upheld as the Father of the Nation, the first President of Tanganyika and Tanzania is increasingly portrayed in Zanzibar as the Enemy of the Nation responsible for the Isles‟ predicament. The article gives insight into the terms, actors and circulation of this pejorative narrative in relation to two central historical events: the 1964 Revolution and the Union. -
Kwame Nkrumah & Julius Nyerere
Sam Swoyer Honors Capstone Professor Steven Taylor Kwame Nkrumah & Julius Nyerere: Independence, Leadership, & Legacy I. Introduction One of the more compelling movements of the second half of the twentieth century was the rise of the African independence movements. The first fifty years after 1880 had seen a great scramble by the European colonial powers for territory in Africa, followed by readjustments in colonial possessions in the aftermath of both World War I and World War II. Through this period of colonialism and subjugation, only the countries of Liberia, founded with the support of the United States, and Ethiopia, which 1 overcame a short period of subjugation by Mussolini’s Italy during the Second World War, remained independent. The entirety of the rest of the continent was subjected to colonization efforts by the likes of Great Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, and Belgium. After the First World War, many of Germany’s colonial possessions were entrusted to Allied countries as League of Nations mandates in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, which ended World War I. After World War II, the mandates became United Nations trusteeships. One of, if not the, most influential colonial power during this time was Great Britain. During its peak, the country could claim that the “sun never set on the British Empire,” and the Empire’s colonial holdings in Africa were a large part of its possessions. At one point or another, the British Empire exerted control over the colonies of Gambia, Sierra Leone, the Gold Coast, Nigeria, Southern Cameroon, Libya, Egypt, the Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Northern Rhodesia, Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Swaziland, and South Africa. -
Mageuzi What Is Mageuzi?
No 42 MAY 1992 MAGEUZI WHAT IS MAGEUZI? The word' mageuzi' seems to be on every lip and is also being widely used in English language publications in Tanzania at present. If you look into the 'Teach Yourself Swahili Dictionary' the translation of the word is • fluctuations'. But 'mageuzi' means much more than , fl uct uat ions'. The word 'change' does not qui te fi t the bill. 'Volte-face' is better, but is it English? It seems that there is, in fact, no precise English translat ion of the word. But those interested in Tanzania need to understand what it means. Hopefully, the headlines from rrecent Tanzanian newspapers featured opposite and the explanations given on the following pages will help readers to clarify the matter - Editor. THE HISTORIC DECLARATION (From the National Executive Committee of the Chame Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) - the Ruling Party of Tanzania) CONSIDERING that .!It this Ordin.!lry Meeting held in February, 1990, the National Executive Committee (NEe) examined in detail the question of changes taking pl.!lce in Africa and the world .!IS .!I whole, .!Ind l.!lter decided to initiate a national debate on either to continue with a one-party political system or emb.!lrk on a multi-party system in Tanzani a; AND CONSIDERING that the President of the United Republic of Tanzania had set up a Presidential Commission to co-ordinate the debate and advise on the need, wisdom, and consequences of continuing with the one-party system or ch.!lnging this system; AND CONSIDERING that at the end of the debate the Presidential Commission has presented to the President its Preliminary Report recommending that a Multi-Party Political System should now be introduced in Tanzania; AND CONSIDERING that after deep examination oT the recommendation OT the Presidential Commission which was presented to us by the President oT the United Republic, which we agree to unanimously; THEREFOR~ we the Members OT the NEC who met in Dodoma on 17 - 21 January, 1992, in accordance with Article 74(3) OT the Consititution of Ch.!lma cha Mapinduzi (CCM): 1. -
Tanzanian Theatre, Neoliberalism and Foreign Aid Complexity
Beyond Socialism: Tanzanian Theatre, Neoliberalism and Foreign Aid Complexity Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Dr. Phil. vorgelegt dem Fachbereich 05 – Philosophie und Philologie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz von Vicensia Shule aus Tansania Mainz, 2010 Table of Contents Summary .......................................................................................................................... iii Zusammenfassung ............................................................................................................ iv Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... v Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1. Re-Conceptualization ..................................................................................................... 9 1.1Theatre ................................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Culture ................................................................................................................................ 13 1.3Theatricality ......................................................................................................................... 17 1.4Development ....................................................................................................................... 18 1.5Imperialism ......................................................................................................................... -
Recent Developments Dantan Education
199 1 ELECTI ON RESULT S THE BIG SU RPRI S E YOU T HS THRONG IRAQ E MBA SS Y SI S AL - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS DANTAN EDUCATION SCANDAL MATUM8I CAVES RE-OPENING OF UNIVERSITY ELECTION RESULTS "Plurality-c" asked the old Tanzanian, looking genuinely perplexed. "Does that mean more than one wife?" No, that was not what it meant, I explained. It meant that a country should have two or more political pa r ties so that people could have a choice. His eyes lit up. What was the point of that, he asked. Two wives would mean more children, more hands to till the land. Political parties would not do that. So wrote David Martin on the election campaign t rail in Masasi (The Independent, November 3, 1990). He went on: 'In the election campaign here last week the iSE.ue of p olitical pluralism was never mentioned . .. in Dar es Salaam it is a slightly different story. The Law Society voted overwhelmingly in September for a mult i-party system and the newspapers published a rticles and letters debating the issue. In one article, a British academic dismissed advocates of pluralism as "middle l evel Tanzanian s and frustrated professional and business people who fee l t hey have been politically marginalised". The elections were h eld on October 28th 1990; when the r esult s were announced, there were few s urprises, except when it was al l over and the President chose h i s Cabtnet. But first, the results. 95 .5~ "Your Excellency the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, Your Excellency Father of the Nat ion, Mwa limu J ul ius Kambarage Nyerere, CeM Vi ce-Chat rm6n, Your Excellency the Prime Minister and the First Vice- President, Ndugu CCM Secretary General, Your Excellencies, the mini s ters, ambassadors 6nd the gove rnment leaders and all guests .