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Cmos-Based Amplitude and Phase Control Circuits Designed for Multi CMOS-BASED AMPLITUDE AND PHASE CONTROL CIRCUITS DESIGNED FOR MULTI-STANDARD WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Yan-Yu Huang In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology August 2011 Copyright© Yan-Yu Huang 2011 CMOS-BASED AMPLITUDE AND PHASE CONTROL CIRCUITS DESIGNED FOR MULTI-STANDARD WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Approved by: Dr. J. Stevenson Kenney, Advisor Dr. Thomas G. Habetler School of Electrical and Computer School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Kevin T. Kornegay Dr. Paul A. Kohl School of Electrical and Computer School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Chang-Ho Lee Date Approved: June 29, 2011 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Professor James Stevenson Kenney, for his excellent guidance and all the suggestions that help me conduct the research, solve the problems, and improve my dissertation. I would also like to thank my committee members: Professor Kevin T. Kornegay, Professor Thomas G. Habetler, Professor Paul A. Kohl, and Dr. Chang-Ho Lee for their time in reviewing my dissertation and all the invaluable suggestions. I would also like to express my appreciation to the leaders in various projects I was involved during the past four years, Dr. Joy Laskar, Dr. Chang-Ho Lee, and Dr. Wangmyoong Woo. Their valuable comments on my work and relative knowledge about the project have been a tremendous help to me. All the experiences I gained and the lessons I learned from the projects and from them have been my best tools for dealing with the problems encountered when writing this dissertation. This work will not have been completed without the assistance and insightful feedback from my previous and present senior colleagues, Dr. Dong-Ho Lee, Dr. Kyu Hwan An, Dr. Ockgoo Lee, Dr. Youngchang Yoon, Dr. Jihwan Kim, Dr. Joonhoi Hur, Kun-Seok Lee, Kwanyeob Chae, Dr. Hyungwook Kim, Hamhee Jeon, Hyungwoon Kim, Taejin Kim, Dr. Eungjung Kim, Dr. Jeongwon Cha, and Dr. Yunseo Park, in Microwave Application Group (MAG). The supports from other MAG members, Michael Oakley, David Yeh, Shih-Chie Shin, and Sen-Wen Hsiao, are also critical for me to finish my dissertation. I would also like to appreciate my supervisor in Broadcom, Dr. Fei-Ran Yan, and other colleagues. All the knowledge I learned there as an intern has greatly improved my skills in doing experiments. I also wish to thank DeeDee Bennett, and Angelika Braig, I would have been unable to concentrate on my research without their continuous support. iii I would also like to take this chance to express my gratitude and apology to my friends in TSRB, John Poh and Kevin Chuang. They did me a lot of favors during the past four years, especially when I was away from the school doing internship. Most of all, I owe the deepest gratitude to my parents. Their unconditional love and supports encourage me to pursue my dreams and to overcome all the difficulties during the past four years. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................ iii LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. xvii SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ xix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Motivation ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Nonlinear Responses of PAs ........................................................................................... 4 1.3 Linearization Techniques for PAs .................................................................................. 7 1.3.1 Feedback ................................................................................................................. 7 1.3.2 Feedforward ............................................................................................................ 8 1.3.3 Envelope Elimination and Restoration ................................................................. 10 1.3.4 Adaptive Predistortion .......................................................................................... 11 1.4 Design Challenges for Amplitude Predistortion Circuits ............................................. 13 1.4.1 Passive Amplitude Control Circuits...................................................................... 14 1.4.2 Active Amplitude Control Circuits ....................................................................... 17 1.5 Design Challenges for Phase Predistortion Circuits ..................................................... 20 1.5.1 Passive Phase Control Circuits ............................................................................. 21 v 1.5.2 Active Phase Control Circuits ............................................................................... 24 1.6 Dissertation Outline and Original Contributions .......................................................... 27 CHAPTER 2: A Highly Linear Variable Attenuator for Signal Strength Controlling ...... 30 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 30 2.2 Linearity Performance of Attenuators .......................................................................... 31 2.3 Body Biasing and Linearity .......................................................................................... 35 2.3.1 Body Biasing and Parasitic Effect ........................................................................ 35 2.3.2 Body Biasing and Channel Resistance Variation ................................................. 38 2.3.3 Derivative Body Biasing Topologies and Their Linearity .................................... 41 2.3.4 Maximum Attenuation and Frequency Response ................................................. 46 2.4 Attenuator Implementation and Measurements ............................................................ 48 CHAPTER 3: A Highly Linear Variable Gain Amplifier for Analog Predistortion Systems ....................................................................................................................................................... 59 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 59 3.2 RF VGA Topology and Key Design Blocks................................................................. 59 3.2.1 Fixed Gain Amplifier with Dynamic Current Bias ............................................... 62 3.2.2 Highly Linear Gain Tuning Attenuator................................................................. 67 3.3 Measurement Results .................................................................................................... 72 CHAPTER 4: An Ultra Compact Variable Phase Shifter for Analog Predistortion Systems ....................................................................................................................................................... 79 vi 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 79 4.2 Design Details and Analysis ......................................................................................... 81 4.2.1 RC Poly Phase Filter ............................................................................................. 82 4.2.2 Vector-Sum Amplifier .......................................................................................... 87 4.3 Measurement Results .................................................................................................... 93 CHAPTER 5: System Simulation of an Analog-Predistortion PA system in CMOS Technology ................................................................................................................................... 98 5.1 System Overview .......................................................................................................... 98 5.2 Amplitude and Phase Detection Circuits .................................................................... 100 5.2.1 A linear-in-dB Amplitude Detector designed with Logarithm Amplifiers ......... 101 5.2.2 A linear Phase Detector designed with Gilbert Cell ........................................... 106 5.3 Linear PA for multiband WCDMA Uplink - An Example of the Analog Predistortion System ......................................................................................................................... 110 5.3.1 AM/PM Error Correction of a Nonlinear PA ..................................................... 112 CHAPTER 6: Conclusions ......................................................................................................
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