RF Diode Design Guide Skyworks Solutions
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,526,129 Ko (45) Date of Patent: Jun
US005526129A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,526,129 Ko (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 11, 1996 54). TIME-BASE-CORRECTION IN VIDEO 56) References Cited RECORDING USINGA FREQUENCY-MODULATED CARRIER U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,672,470 6/1987 Morimoto et al. ...................... 358/323 75) Inventor: Jeone-Wan Ko, Suwon, Rep. of Korea 5,062,005 10/1991 Kitaura et al. ....... ... 358/320 5,142,376 8/1992 Ogura ............... ... 358/310 (73) Assignee: Sam Sung Electronics Co., Ltd., 5,218,449 6/1993 Ko et al. ...... ... 358/320 Suwon, Rep. of Korea 5,231,507 7/1993 Sakata et al. ... 358/320 5,412,481 5/1995 Ko et al. ...................... ... 359/320 21 Appl. No.: 203,029 Primary Examiner-Thai Q. Tran Assistant Examiner-Khoi Truong 22 Filed: Feb. 28, 1994 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Robert E. Bushnell Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT 63 Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 755,537, Sep. 6, 1991, A circuit for recording and reproducing a TBC reference abandoned. signal for use in video recording/reproducing systems includes a circuit for adding to a video signal to be recorded (30) Foreign Application Priority Data a TBC reference signal in which the TBC reference signal Nov. 19, 1990 (KR) Rep. of Korea ...................... 90/18736 has a period adaptively varying corresponding to a synchro nizing variation of the video signal; and a circuit for extract (51 int. Cl. .................. H04N 9/79 ing and reproducing a TBC reference signal from a video (52) U.S. Cl. .......................... 358/320; 358/323; 358/330; signal read-out from the recording medium in order to 358/337; 360/36.1; 360/33.1; 348/571; correct time-base errors in the video signal. -
Electronic Services Capability Listing
425 BAYVIEW AVENUE, AMITYVILLE, NEW YORK 11701-0455 TEL: 631-842-5600 FSCM 26269 www.usdynamicscorp.com e-mail: [email protected] ELECTRONIC SERVICES CAPABILITY LISTING OEM P/N USD P/N FSC NIIN NSN DESCRIPTION NHA SYSTEM PLATFORM(S) 00110201-1 5998 01-501-9981 5998-01-501-9981 150 VDC POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT CARD ASSEMBLY AN/MSQ-T43 THREAT RADAR SYSTEM SIMULATOR 00110204-1 5998 01-501-9977 5998-01-501-9977 FILAMENT POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT CARD ASSEMBLY AN/MSQ-T43 THREAT RADAR SYSTEM SIMULATOR 00110213-1 5998 01-501-5907 5998-01-501-5907 IGBT SWITCH CIRCUIT CARD ASSEMBLY AN/MSQ-T43 THREAT RADAR SYSTEM SIMULATOR 00110215-1 5820 01-501-5296 5820-01-501-5296 RADIO TRANSMITTER MODULATOR AN/MSQ-T43 THREAT RADAR SYSTEM SIMULATOR 004088768 5999 00-408-8768 5999-00-408-8768 HEAT SINK MSP26F/TRANSISTOR HEAT EQUILIZER B-1B 0050-76522 * * *-* DEGASSER ENDCAP * * 01-01375-002 5985 01-294-9788 5985-01-294-9788 ANTENNA 1 ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY AN/APG-68 F-16 01-01375-002A 5985 01-294-9788 5985-01-294-9788 ANTENNA 1 ELECTRONICS ASSEMBLY AN/APG-68 F-16 015-001-004 5895 00-964-3413 5895-00-964-3413 CAVITY TUNED OSCILLATOR AN/ALR-20A B-52 016024-3 6210 01-023-8333 6210-01-023-8333 LIGHT INDICATOR SWITCH F-15 01D1327-000 573000 5996 01-097-6225 5996-01-097-6225 SOLID STATE RF AMPLIFIER AN/MST-T1 MULTI-THREAT EMITTER SIMULATOR 02032356-1 570722 5865 01-418-1605 5865-01-418-1605 THREAT INDICATOR ASSEMBLY C-130 02-11963 2915 00-798-8292 2915-00-798-8292 COVER, SHIPPING J-79-15/17 ENGINE 025100 5820 01-212-2091 5820-01-212-2091 RECEIVER TRANSMITTER (BASEBAND -
Special Diodes 2113
CHAPTER54 Learning Objectives ➣ Zener Diode SPECIAL ➣ Voltage Regulation ➣ Zener Diode as Peak Clipper DIODES ➣ Meter Protection ➣ Zener Diode as a Reference Element ➣ Tunneling Effect ➣ Tunnel Diode ➣ Tunnel Diode Oscillator ➣ Varactor Diode ➣ PIN Diode ➣ Schottky Diode ➣ Step Recovery Diode ➣ Gunn Diode ➣ IMPATT Diode Ç A major application for zener diodes is voltage regulation in dc power supplies. Zener diode maintains a nearly constant dc voltage under the proper operating conditions. 2112 Electrical Technology 54.1. Zener Diode It is a reverse-biased heavily-doped silicon (or germanium) P-N junction diode which is oper- ated in the breakdown region where current is limited by both external resistance and power dissipa- tion of the diode. Silicon is perferred to Ge because of its higher temperature and current capability. As seen from Art. 52.3, when a diode breaks down, both Zener and avalanche effects are present although usually one or the other predominates depending on the value of reverse voltage. At reverse voltages less than 6 V, Zener effect predominates whereas above 6 V, avalanche effect is predomi- nant. Strictly speaking, the first one should be called Zener diode and the second one as avalanche diode but the general practice is to call both types as Zener diodes. Zener breakdown occurs due to breaking of covalent bonds by the strong electric field set up in the depletion region by the reverse voltage. It produces an extremely large number of electrons and holes which constitute the reverse saturation current (now called Zener current, Iz) whose value is limited only by the external resistance in the circuit. -
ASPECT RATIO Aspect Ratios Are One of the More Confusing Parts of Video
ASPECT RATIO Aspect ratios are one of the more confusing parts of video, although they used to be simple. That's because television and movie content was all about the same size, 4:3 (also known as 1.33:1, meaning that the picture is 1.33 times as long as it is high). The Academy Standard before 1952 was 1.37:1, so there was virtually no problem showing movies on TV. However, as TV began to cut into Hollywood's take at the theater, the quest was on to differentiate theater offerings in ways that could not be seen on TV. Thus, innovations such as widescreen film, Technicolor, and even 3-D were born. Widescreen film was one of the innovations that survived and has since dominated the cinema. Today, you tend to find films in one of two widescreen aspect ratios: 1. Academy Standard (or "Flat"), which has an aspect ratio of 1.85:1 2. Anamorphic Scope (or "Scope"), which has an aspect ratio of 2.35:1. Scope is also called Panavision or CinemaScope. HDTV is specified at a 16:9, or 1.78:1, aspect ratio.If your television isn't widescreen and you want to watch a widescreen film, you have a problem. The most common approach in the past has been what's called Pan and Scan. For each frame o a film, a decision is made as to what constitutes the action area. That part of the film frame is retained, and the rest is lost.. This can often leave out the best parts of a picture. -
![(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,073,418 B2 Lin Et A]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/6267/12-united-states-patent-10-patent-n0-us-8-073-418-b2-lin-et-a-386267.webp)
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,073,418 B2 Lin Et A]
US008073418B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.: US 8,073,418 B2 Lin et a]. (45) Date of Patent: Dec. 6, 2011 (54) RECEIVING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR (56) References Cited AUDIO PROCESSING U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Chien-Hung Lin, Kaohsiung (TW); 4 414 571 A * 11/1983 Kureha et al 348/554 Hsing-J“ Wei, Keelung (TW) 5,012,516 A * 4/1991 Walton et a1. .. 381/3 _ _ _ 5,418,815 A * 5/1995 Ishikawa et a1. 375/216 (73) Ass1gnee: Mediatek Inc., Sc1ence-Basedlndustr1al 6,714,259 B2 * 3/2004 Kim ................. .. 348/706 Park, Hsin-Chu (TW) 7,436,914 B2* 10/2008 Lin ....... .. 375/347 2009/0262246 A1* 10/2009 Tsaict a1. ................... .. 348/604 ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this * Cited by examiner patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U'S'C' 154(1)) by 793 days' Primary Examiner * Sonny Trinh (21) App1_ NO; 12/185,778 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Winston Hsu; Scott Margo (22) Filed: Aug. 4, 2008 (57) ABSTRACT (65) Prior Publication Data A receiving system for audio processing includes a ?rst Us 2010/0029240 A1 Feb 4 2010 demodulation unit and a second demodulation unit. The ?rst ' ’ demodulation unit is utilized for receiving an audio signal and (51) Int_ CL generating a ?rst demodulated audio signal. The second H043 1/10 (200601) demodulation unit is utilized for selectively receiving the H043 5/455 (200601) audio signal or the ?rst demodulated audio signal according (52) us. Cl. ....................... .. 455/312- 455/337- 348/726 to a Setting Ofa television audio System Which the receiving (58) Field Of Classi?cation Search ............... -
24P and Panasonic AG-DVX100 and AJ-SDX900 Camcorder Support in Vegas and DVD Architect Software
® 24p and Panasonic AG-DVX100 and AJ-SDX900 camcorder support in Vegas and DVD Architect Software Revision 3, Updated 05.27.04 The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Sony Pictures Digital Media Software and Services. The software described in this manual is provided under the terms of a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement. The software license agreement specifies the terms and conditions for its lawful use. Sound Forge, ACID, Vegas, DVD Architect, Vegas+DVD, Acoustic Mirror, Wave Hammer, XFX, and Perfect Clarity Audio are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sony Pictures Digital Inc. or its affiliates in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners in the United States and other countries. Copyright © 2004 Sony Pictures Digital Inc. This document can be reproduced for noncommercial reference or personal/private use only and may not be resold. Any reproduction in excess of 15 copies or electronic transmission requires the written permission of Sony Pictures Digital Inc. Table of Contents What is covered in this document? Background ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Vegas .......................................................................................................................................................................... -
Single-Electron Transistor As a Radio-Frequency Mixer R
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS VOLUME 81, NUMBER 3 15 JULY 2002 Single-electron transistor as a radio-frequency mixer R. Knobel, C. S. Yung, and A. N. Clelanda) Department of Physics and iQUEST, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106 ͑Received 14 March 2002; accepted for publication 10 May 2002͒ We demonstrate the use of the single-electron transistor as a radio-frequency mixer, based on the nonlinear dependence of current on gate charge. This mixer can be used for high-frequency, ultrasensitive charge measurements over a broad and tunable range of frequencies. We demonstrate operation of the mixer, using a lithographically defined thin-film aluminum transistor, in both the superconducting and normal states of aluminum, over frequencies from 10 to 300 MHz. We have operated the device both as a homodyne detector and as a phase-sensitive heterodyne mixer. We demonstrate a charge sensitivity of Ͻ4ϫ10Ϫ3 e/ͱHz, limited by room-temperature electronics. An optimized mixer has a theoretical charge sensitivity of Շ1.5ϫ10Ϫ5 e/ͱHz. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1493221͔ Coulomb blockade can occur when current through a linear dependence of the current I on the coupled charge is device passes through high-resistance contacts to a small- employed to mix a rf signal to dc, while in the latter, the capacitance island. The condition for Coulomb blockade is signal is mixed with a local oscillator to generate a signal at ϵ 2 that the resistance of each contact must exceed RK h/e the difference frequency, close to dc, whose amplitude and Ϸ ⍀ 25.8 k , and the electrostatic charging energy EC of the phase may be measured. -
Communication Systems (4Th Semester ECE)
e-Notes of Communication Systems (4th semester ECE) By Ms. Sharmila Senior Lecturer, ECE Deptt. Govt. Polytechnic Manesar 1 CHAPTER-1 AM/FM TRANSMITTERS Learning Objectives: After the completion of this chapter, the students will be able to: Classify the transmitters on the basis of modulation, service, frequency and power Demonstrate the working of each stage of AM and FM transmitters 1.1 Classification of Radio Transmitters 1.1.1 Classification on the basis of type of modulation used 1. Amplitude Modulation Transmitters: Here the modulating signal modulates the carrier with respect to its amplitude. AM transmitters are used for radio broadcast, radio telephony, radio telegraphy and TV picture broadcast. 2. Frequency Modulation Transmitters: In FM transmitters, the frequency of the carrier is varied in accordance with the modulating signal. These are used for radio broadcast, TV sound broadcast and radio telephone communication. 3. Pulse Modulation Transmitters: The signal changes any of the characteristics like pulse width, position, amplitude of the pulse carrier. 1.1.2 Classification on the basis of the service involved 1. Radio Broadcast transmitters: These transmitters are particularly designed for broadcasting speech signals, music, information etc. These systems may be amplitude or frequency modulated. 2. Radio Telephone Transmitters: These transmitters are mainly used for transmitting telephone signals over long distance by radio waves. The transmitter uses volume compressors, peak limiters etc. 3. Radio Telegraph Transmitters: It transmits telegraph signals from one radio station to another radio station. The transmitter uses either amplitude modulation or frequency modulation. 4. Television Transmitters: TV broadcast requires transmitters for transmission of picture and sound separately. -
PIN Diode Drivers Literature Number: SNVA531
PIN Diode Drivers Literature Number: SNVA531 PIN Diode Drivers National Semiconductor PIN Diode Drivers Application Note 49 March 1986 INTRODUCTION The charge control model of a diode1,2 leads to the charge The DH0035/DH0035C is a TTL/DTL compatible, DC continuity equation given in Equation (1). coupled, high speed PIN diode driver. It is capable of deliver- ing peak currents in excess of one ampere at speeds up to 10 MHz. This article demonstrates how the DH0035 may be (1) applied to driving PIN diodes and comparable loads which = require high peak currents at high repetition rates. The sa- where: Q charge due excess minority carriers lient characteristics of the device are summarized in Table 1. τ = mean lifetime of the minority carriers Equation (1) implies a circuit model shown in Figure 2. Under TABLE 1. DH0035 Characteristics steady conditions hence: Parameter Conditions Value Differential Supply 30V Max. (2) Voltage (V+ −V−) where: I = steady state “ON” current. Output Current 1000 mA Maximum Power 1.5W tdelay PRF = 5.0 MHz 10 ns + − trise V −V =20V 15 ns 10% to 90% + − tfall V −V =20V 10 ns 90% to 10% PIN DIODE SWITCHING REQUIREMENTS Figure 1 shows a simplified schematic of a PIN diode switch. AN008750-2 Typically, the PIN diode is used in RF through microwave fre- I = Total Current quency modulators and switches. Since the diode is in shunt IDC = SS Control Current with the RF path, the RF signal is attenuated when the diode iRF = RF Signal Current is forward biased (“ON”), and is passed unattenuated when FIGURE 2. -
Driver Circuit for High-Power PIN Diode Switches
APPLICATION NOTE Driver Circuit for High-Power PIN Diode Switches Introduction The Skyworks High-Power Pin Diode Switch Driver Circuit is a TTL/DTL compatible, DC coupled, high-speed PIN diode bias controller. Part No. EN33-X273 This driver reference design is designed to operate with the Skyworks series of high-power SPDT PIN diode switches. These include: SKY12207-306LF SKY12207-478LF SKY12208-306LF SKY12208-478LF SKY12209-478LF SKY12210-478LF SKY12211-478LF SKY12212-478LF SKY12213-478LF SKY12215-478LF Features High drive current capability (± 50 mA to ± 100 mA) This driver is designed to provide forward currents up to 100 mA 28 V back bias in off state for each diode, and 28 V reverse bias. It is designed for SPDT switches operating with a CW input a power up to 100 W. The Fast switching speed approximately 142 nS driver utilizes fast switching NPN transistors and Skyworks Low current consumption discrete PIN diodes. The driver is designed to utilize a VDD set to Single TTL logic input +28 V, but could operate with voltages as low as +5 V. Skyworks GreenTM products are compliant with all applicable legislation and are halogen-free. For additional information, refer to Skyworks Definition of GreenTM, document number SQ04–0074. Skyworks Solutions, Inc. • Phone [781] 376-3000 • Fax [781] 376-3100 • [email protected] • www.skyworksinc.com 203950A • Skyworks Proprietary and Confidential Information • Products and Product Information are Subject to Change Without Notice. • March 28, 2016 1 APPLICATION NOTE • DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR HIGH-POWER PIN DIODE SWITCHES Table 1. Absolute Maximum Ratings1 Parameter Conditions ANT (+5 V) –0.5 V to 7 V RXTX (+28 V) –0.5 V to 40 V VLGC –0.5 V to 7 V RX drive current 150 mA TX drive current 150 mA Operational temperature –40 to +85°C Storage temperature –55 to +125°C 1 Exposure to maximum rating conditions for extended periods may reduce device reliability. -
Cinematography
CINEMATOGRAPHY ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS • The filmmaker controls the cinematographic qualities of the shot – not only what is filmed but also how it is filmed • Cinematographic qualities involve three factors: 1. the photographic aspects of the shot 2. the framing of the shot 3. the duration of the shot In other words, cinematography is affected by choices in: 1. Photographic aspects of the shot 2. Framing 3. Duration of the shot 1. Photographic image • The study of the photographic image includes: A. Range of tonalities B. Speed of motion C. Perspective 1.A: Tonalities of the photographic image The range of tonalities include: I. Contrast – black & white; color It can be controlled with lighting, filters, film stock, laboratory processing, postproduction II. Exposure – how much light passes through the camera lens Image too dark, underexposed; or too bright, overexposed Exposure can be controlled with filters 1.A. Tonality - cont Tonality can be changed after filming: Tinting – dipping developed film in dye Dark areas remain black & gray; light areas pick up color Toning - dipping during developing of positive print Dark areas colored light area; white/faintly colored 1.A. Tonality - cont • Photochemically – based filmmaking can have the tonality fixed. Done by color timer or grader in the laboratory • Digital grading used today. A scanner converts film to digital files, creating a digital intermediate (DI). DI is adjusted with software and scanned back onto negative 1.B.: Speed of motion • Depends on the relation between the rate at which -
Glossary of Digital Video Terms
Glossary of Digital Video Terms 24P: 24 frame per second, progressive scan. This has been the frame rate of motion picture film since talkies arrived. It is also one of the rates allowed for transmission in the DVB and ATSC television standards – so they can handle film without needing any frame-rate change (3:2 pull-down for 60 fields-per-second systems or running film at 25fps for 50 Hz systems). It is now accepted as a part of television production formats – usually associated with high definition 1080 lines, progressive scan. A major attraction is a relatively easy path from this to all major television formats as well as offering direct electronic support for motion picture film and D-cinema. 24Psf: 24 frame per second, progressive segmented frame. A 24P system in which each frame is segmented – recorded as odd lines followed by even lines. Unlike normal television, the odd and even lines are from the same snapshot in time – exactly as film is shown today on 625/50 TV systems. This way the signal is more compatible (than normal progressive) for use with video systems, e.g. VTRs, SDTI or HD-SDI connections, mixers/switchers etc., which may also handle interlaced scans. It can also easily be viewed without the need to process the pictures to reduce 24-frame flicker. 3:2 pull-down: Method used to map the 24 fps of film onto the 30 fps (60 fields) of 525-line TV, so that one film frame occupies three TV fields, the next two, etc. It means the two fields of every other TV frame come from different film frames making operations such as rotoscoping impossible, and requiring care in editing.