ASPECT RATIO Aspect Ratios Are One of the More Confusing Parts of Video
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Thursday 15 October 11:00 an Introduction to Cinerama and Widescreen Cinema 18:00 Opening Night Delegate Reception (Kodak Gallery) 19:00 Oklahoma!
Thursday 15 October 11:00 An Introduction to Cinerama and Widescreen Cinema 18:00 Opening Night Delegate Reception (Kodak Gallery) 19:00 Oklahoma! Please allow 10 minutes for introductions Friday 16 October before all films during Widescreen Weekend. 09.45 Interstellar: Visual Effects for 70mm Filmmaking + Interstellar Intermissions are approximately 15 minutes. 14.45 BKSTS Widescreen Student Film of The Year IMAX SCREENINGS: See Picturehouse 17.00 Holiday In Spain (aka Scent of Mystery) listings for films and screening times in 19.45 Fiddler On The Roof the Museum’s newly refurbished digital IMAX cinema. Saturday 17 October 09.50 A Bridge Too Far 14:30 Screen Talk: Leslie Caron + Gigi 19:30 How The West Was Won Sunday 18 October 09.30 The Best of Cinerama 12.30 Widescreen Aesthetics And New Wave Cinema 14:50 Cineramacana and Todd-AO National Media Museum Pictureville, Bradford, West Yorkshire. BD1 1NQ 18.00 Keynote Speech: Douglas Trumbull – The State of Cinema www.nationalmediamuseum.org.uk/widescreen-weekend 20.00 2001: A Space Odyssey Picturehouse Box Office 0871 902 5756 (calls charged at 13p per minute + your provider’s access charge) 20.00 The Making of The Magnificent Seven with Brian Hannan plus book signing and The Magnificent Seven (Cubby Broccoli) Facebook: widescreenweekend Twitter: @widescreenwknd All screenings and events in Pictureville Cinema unless otherwise stated Widescreen Weekend Since its inception, cinema has been exploring, challenging and Tickets expanding technological boundaries in its continuous quest to provide Tickets for individual screenings and events the most immersive, engaging and entertaining spectacle possible. can be purchased from the Picturehouse box office at the National Media Museum or by We are privileged to have an unrivalled collection of ground-breaking phoning 0871 902 5756. -
CINERAMA: the First Really Big Show
CCINEN RRAMAM : The First Really Big Show DIVING HEAD FIRST INTO THE 1950s:: AN OVERVIEW by Nick Zegarac Above left: eager audience line ups like this one for the “Seven Wonders of the World” debut at the Cinerama Theater in New York were short lived by the end of the 1950s. All in all, only seven feature films were actually produced in 3-strip Cinerama, though scores more were advertised as being shot in the process. Above right: corrected three frame reproduction of the Cypress Water Skiers in ‘This is Cinerama’. Left: Fred Waller, Cinerama’s chief architect. Below: Lowell Thomas; “ladies and gentlemen, this is Cinerama!” Arguably, Cinerama was the most engaging widescreen presentation format put forth during the 1950s. From a visual standpoint it was the most enveloping. The cumbersome three camera set up and three projector system had been conceptualized, designed and patented by Fred Waller and his associates at Paramount as early as the 1930s. However, Hollywood was not quite ready, and certainly not eager, to “revolutionize” motion picture projection during the financially strapped depression and war years…and who could blame them? The standardized 1:33:1(almost square) aspect ratio had sufficed since the invention of 35mm celluloid film stock. Even more to the point, the studios saw little reason to invest heavily in yet another technology. The induction of sound recording in 1929 and mounting costs for producing films in the newly patented 3-strip Technicolor process had both proved expensive and crippling adjuncts to the fluidity that silent B&W nitrate filming had perfected. -
History of Widescreen Aspect Ratios
HISTORY OF WIDESCREEN ASPECT RATIOS ACADEMY FRAME In 1889 Thomas Edison developed an early type of projector called a Kinetograph, which used 35mm film with four perforations on each side. The frame area was an inch wide and three quarters of an inch high, producing a ratio of 1.37:1. 1932 the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences made the Academy Ratio the standard Ratio, and was used in cinemas until 1953 when Paramount Pictures released Shane, produced with a Ratio of 1.66:1 on 35mm film. TELEVISION FRAME The standard analogue television screen ratio today is 1.33:1. The Aspect Ratio is the relationship between the width and height. A Ratio of 1.33:1 or 4:3 means that for every 4 units wide it is 3 units high (4 / 3 = 1.33). In the 1950s, Hollywood's attempt to lure people away from their television sets and back into cinemas led to a battle of screen sizes. Fred CINERAMA Waller of Paramount's Special Effects Department developed a large screen system called Cinerama, which utilised three cameras to record a single image. Three electronically synchronised projectors were used to project an image on a huge screen curved at an angle of 165 degrees, producing an aspect ratio of 2.8:1. This Is Cinerama was the first Cinerama film released in 1952 and was a thrilling travelogue which featured a roller-coaster ride. See Film Formats. In 1956 Metro Goldwyn Mayer was planning a CAMERA 65 ULTRA PANAVISION massive remake of their 1926 silent classic Ben Hur. -
Screen Size Selection
Screen Size Selection One of the most important decisions in screen selection is to determine the correct size of screen based upon the dimensions of the audience area and the projection format(s) to be used. In some situations, these two questions yield the same answer; in • Ceiling Height—The bottom of the screen should be approximately others they do not and compromises must be made. Here are the key 40–48" above the floor in a room with a level floor and several rows considerations— of seats. In rooms with theatre seating or only one or two rows, • Audience Area—In determining the correct screen size in relation to such as a home theatre, the bottom of the screen should usually be the audience area, the goal is to make the screen large enough so 24–36" above the floor. Try to make sure that the lower part of the those in the rear of the audience area can read the subject matter screen will be visible from all seats. Extra drop may be required to easily, but not so large that those in the front of the audience area position the screen at a comfortable viewing level in a room with a have difficulty seeing the full width of the projected image. high ceiling. • Height—Use the following formulas for calculating screen height for • Projection Format—Once you have determined the correct size of maximum legibility. For 4:3 moving video and entertainment, screen screen for the audience area, that size may be modified height should be at least 1/6 the distance from the screen to the based upon the type(s) of projection equipment to be used. -
24P and Panasonic AG-DVX100 and AJ-SDX900 Camcorder Support in Vegas and DVD Architect Software
® 24p and Panasonic AG-DVX100 and AJ-SDX900 camcorder support in Vegas and DVD Architect Software Revision 3, Updated 05.27.04 The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Sony Pictures Digital Media Software and Services. The software described in this manual is provided under the terms of a license agreement or nondisclosure agreement. The software license agreement specifies the terms and conditions for its lawful use. Sound Forge, ACID, Vegas, DVD Architect, Vegas+DVD, Acoustic Mirror, Wave Hammer, XFX, and Perfect Clarity Audio are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sony Pictures Digital Inc. or its affiliates in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks or registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners in the United States and other countries. Copyright © 2004 Sony Pictures Digital Inc. This document can be reproduced for noncommercial reference or personal/private use only and may not be resold. Any reproduction in excess of 15 copies or electronic transmission requires the written permission of Sony Pictures Digital Inc. Table of Contents What is covered in this document? Background ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 Vegas .......................................................................................................................................................................... -
MARK FREEMAN Encyclopedia of Science, Technology and Society Ooks&Sidtext=0816031231&Leftid=0
MARK FREEMAN Encyclopedia of Science, Technology and Society http://www.factsonfile.com/newfacts/FactsDetail.asp?PageValue=B ooks&SIDText=0816031231&LeftID=0 WIDESCREEN The scale of motion picture projection depends upon the inter- relationship of several factors: the size and aspect ratio of the screen; the gauge of the film; the type of lenses used for filming and projection; and the number of synchronized projectors used. These choices are in turn determined by engineering, marketing and aesthetic considerations. Aspect ratio is the width of the screen divided by the height. The classic standard aspect ratio was expressed as 1.33:1. Today most movies are screened as 1.85:1 or 2.35:1 (widescreen). Films shot in these ratios are cropped for television, which retains the classic ratio of 1.33:1. This cropping is accomplished either by removing a third of the image at the sides of the frame, or by "panning and scanning." In this process a technician determines which portion of a given frame should be included. "Letterboxing" creates a band of black above and below the televised film image. This allows the composition as originally photographed to be screened in video. The larger the film negative, the more resolution. Large film gauges allow greater resolution over a given size of projected image. In the 1890's film sizes varied from 12mm to as many as 80mm, before accepting Edison's 35mm standard. Today films continue to be screened in a variety of guages including Super 8mm, 16mm and Super 16mm, 35mm, 70mm and IMAX. Cinema and the fairground share a common history in the search for technologically based spectacles and attractions. -
FILM FORMATS ------8 Mm Film Is a Motion Picture Film Format in Which the Filmstrip Is Eight Millimeters Wide
FILM FORMATS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8 mm film is a motion picture film format in which the filmstrip is eight millimeters wide. It exists in two main versions: regular or standard 8 mm and Super 8. There are also two other varieties of Super 8 which require different cameras but which produce a final film with the same dimensions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Standard 8 The standard 8 mm film format was developed by the Eastman Kodak company during the Great Depression and released on the market in 1932 to create a home movie format less expensive than 16 mm. The film spools actually contain a 16 mm film with twice as many perforations along each edge than normal 16 mm film, which is only exposed along half of its width. When the film reaches its end in the takeup spool, the camera is opened and the spools in the camera are flipped and swapped (the design of the spool hole ensures that this happens properly) and the same film is exposed along the side of the film left unexposed on the first loading. During processing, the film is split down the middle, resulting in two lengths of 8 mm film, each with a single row of perforations along one edge, so fitting four times as many frames in the same amount of 16 mm film. Because the spool was reversed after filming on one side to allow filming on the other side the format was sometime called Double 8. The framesize of 8 mm is 4,8 x 3,5 mm and 1 m film contains 264 pictures. -
Film Essay for "This Is Cinerama"
This Is Cinerama By Kyle Westphal “The pictures you are now going to see have no plot. They have no stars. This is not a stage play, nor is it a feature picture not a travelogue nor a symphonic concert or an opera—but it is a combination of all of them.” So intones Lowell Thomas before introduc- ing America to a ‘major event in the history of entertainment’ in the eponymous “This Is Cinerama.” Let’s be clear: this is a hyperbol- ic film, striving for the awe and majesty of a baseball game, a fireworks show, and the virgin birth all rolled into one, delivered with Cinerama gave audiences the feeling they were riding the roller coaster the insistent hectoring of a hypnotically ef- at Rockaway’s Playland. Courtesy Library of Congress Collection. fective multilevel marketing pitch. rama productions for a year or two. Retrofitting existing “This Is Cinerama” possesses more bluster than a politi- theaters with Cinerama equipment was an enormously cian on the stump, but the Cinerama system was a genu- expensive proposition—and the costs didn’t end with in- inely groundbreaking development in the history of motion stallation. With very high fixed labor costs (the Broadway picture exhibition. Developed by inventor Fred Waller from employed no less than seventeen union projectionists), an his earlier Vitarama, a multi-projector system used primari- unusually large portion of a Cinerama theater’s weekly ly for artillery training during World War II, Cinerama gross went back into the venue’s operating costs, leaving sought to scrap most of the uniform projection standards precious little for the producers. -
Cinematography
CINEMATOGRAPHY ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS • The filmmaker controls the cinematographic qualities of the shot – not only what is filmed but also how it is filmed • Cinematographic qualities involve three factors: 1. the photographic aspects of the shot 2. the framing of the shot 3. the duration of the shot In other words, cinematography is affected by choices in: 1. Photographic aspects of the shot 2. Framing 3. Duration of the shot 1. Photographic image • The study of the photographic image includes: A. Range of tonalities B. Speed of motion C. Perspective 1.A: Tonalities of the photographic image The range of tonalities include: I. Contrast – black & white; color It can be controlled with lighting, filters, film stock, laboratory processing, postproduction II. Exposure – how much light passes through the camera lens Image too dark, underexposed; or too bright, overexposed Exposure can be controlled with filters 1.A. Tonality - cont Tonality can be changed after filming: Tinting – dipping developed film in dye Dark areas remain black & gray; light areas pick up color Toning - dipping during developing of positive print Dark areas colored light area; white/faintly colored 1.A. Tonality - cont • Photochemically – based filmmaking can have the tonality fixed. Done by color timer or grader in the laboratory • Digital grading used today. A scanner converts film to digital files, creating a digital intermediate (DI). DI is adjusted with software and scanned back onto negative 1.B.: Speed of motion • Depends on the relation between the rate at which -
Glossary of Digital Video Terms
Glossary of Digital Video Terms 24P: 24 frame per second, progressive scan. This has been the frame rate of motion picture film since talkies arrived. It is also one of the rates allowed for transmission in the DVB and ATSC television standards – so they can handle film without needing any frame-rate change (3:2 pull-down for 60 fields-per-second systems or running film at 25fps for 50 Hz systems). It is now accepted as a part of television production formats – usually associated with high definition 1080 lines, progressive scan. A major attraction is a relatively easy path from this to all major television formats as well as offering direct electronic support for motion picture film and D-cinema. 24Psf: 24 frame per second, progressive segmented frame. A 24P system in which each frame is segmented – recorded as odd lines followed by even lines. Unlike normal television, the odd and even lines are from the same snapshot in time – exactly as film is shown today on 625/50 TV systems. This way the signal is more compatible (than normal progressive) for use with video systems, e.g. VTRs, SDTI or HD-SDI connections, mixers/switchers etc., which may also handle interlaced scans. It can also easily be viewed without the need to process the pictures to reduce 24-frame flicker. 3:2 pull-down: Method used to map the 24 fps of film onto the 30 fps (60 fields) of 525-line TV, so that one film frame occupies three TV fields, the next two, etc. It means the two fields of every other TV frame come from different film frames making operations such as rotoscoping impossible, and requiring care in editing. -
Kemi-Tornion Ammattikorkeakoulu
KEMI-TORNION AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Leveämpään päin Eri kuvasuhteet ja niiden käyttö fiktiivisessä elokuvassa Mitä mä haluan -lyhytelokuva Mikko Kauppi Kulttuurialan opinnäytetyö Viestinnän koulutusohjelma Medianomi (AMK) TORNIO 2010 TIIVISTELMÄ Kauppi, Mikko 2010. Leveämpään päin. Eri kuvasuhteet ja niiden käyttö fiktiivisessä elokuvassa Opinnäytetyö. Kemi-Tornion ammattikorkeakoulu. Kulttuuriala. Viestinnän koulutus- ohjelma. Sivuja 34. Liitteet 1. Opinnäytetyössäni käsittelen fiktiivisien elokuvien kuvasuhteita ja niihin liittyviä tekni- siä ja taiteellisia ratkaisuja. Tarkoitukseni oli kuvata lyhytelokuva siten, että sen kuvan lopullinen rajaus ja kuvasuhde määriteltäisiin jälkituotantovaiheessa. Tavoitteeni on selvittää, toimiiko ja miksi elokuva näin jotenkin paremmin sekä mikä vaikutus ku- vasuhteella on elokuvan eri tuotantovaiheisiin. Käsittelen opinnäytetyöni aluksi elokuvan kuvasuhteiden historiaa ja teknistä toteutusta 35 millimetrin filmillä sekä videolla ja digitaalisella elokuvalla. Lisäksi tutkin ku- vasuhteiden taiteellista puolta eli miten kuvan sommittelu eroaa eri kuvasuhteilla. Opinnäytetyöni kirjallisessa osassa paneudun siihen, mikä merkitys valitulla kuvasuh- teella on elokuvan toteutukseen ja lopulliseen visuaaliseen ilmeeseen. Teososa on lyhyt- elokuva Mitä mä haluan, jossa toimin kuvaajana. Valitulla kuvasuhteella on suuri merkitys elokuvan tuotantoon. Sen lisäksi, että se hyvin pitkälti määrittää elokuvan visuaalisen ilmeen lisäksi paljon kuvauksissa käytettävää tekniikkaa. Eri kuvasuhteet tarjoavat sommitteluun -
IQMCC30 3G/HD/SD-SDI Motion Compensated Frame Rate Converter and Motion Adaptive Up, Down, Cross Converter
User Instruction Manual IQMCC30 3G/HD/SD-SDI Motion Compensated Frame Rate Converter and Motion Adaptive Up, Down, Cross Converter www.s-a-m.com IQMCC30 Information and Notices Information and Notices Copyright and Disclaimer Copyright protection claimed includes all forms and matters of copyrightable material and information now allowed by statutory or judicial law or hereinafter granted, including without limitation, material generated from the software programs which are displayed on the screen such as icons, screen display looks etc. Information in this manual and software are subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of SAM. The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and can not be reproduced or copied in any manner without prior agreement with SAM, or their authorized agents. Reproduction or disassembly of embedded computer programs or algorithms prohibited. No part of this publication can be transmitted or reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission being granted, in writing, by the publishers or their authorized agents. SAM operates a policy of continuous improvement and development. SAM reserves the right to make changes and improvements to any of the products described in this document without prior notice. Contact Details Customer Support For details of our Regional Customer Support Offices, please visit the SAM website and navigate to Support/Customer Support Contacts. www.s-a-m.com/support/contact-support/ Customers with a support contract should call their personalized number, which can be found in their contract, and be ready to provide their contract number and details.