DeBerry Demands U.S. Get Forces Out of Vietnam MILITANT NEW YORK, Aug. 5 — “All The other modem precedent Published in the Interests of the Working People U.S. warships, planes and troops was the bombardment ordered by should be immediately withdrawn Mussolini in 1923 of the Greek Vol. 28 - No. 29 Monday, August 10, 1964 Price 10c from Southeast Asia,” today de­ island of Corfu. clared Clifton DeBerry, Socialist Before the inflammatory news­ Workers Party candidate for paper headlines about the “un­ president, as the news came of provoked attack” on the U.S. bombing attacks by U.S. planes destroyer Maddox on Aug. 2 and on coastal installations in North Johnson’s quick follow-up with Civil Rights Fighters Veto Vietnam. “shoot-to-kill” orders to the U.S. DeBerry termed the attacks Seventh Fleet, few Americans ordered by President Johnson were aware of U.S. naval activity “open, unabashed acts of aggres­ in the Gulf of Tonkin — indeed, Leaders on 'Moratorium' sion carried out in contemptuous few even knew where the Gulf of disregard of International law and Tonkin was. Tonkin is the north- By Fred Halstead of all humane and civilized senti­ ermost province of North Viet­ NEW YORK, Aug. 4 — Major ments.” The blood of the people nam. The gulf which bears its “moderate” civil-rights leaders at­ of North Vietnam and of the name is a body of water extend­ tempted a grand sell-out of the American pilots killed in the at­ ing deep into southern China and Negro struggle July 29 when they tack was on Johnson’s hands, he North Vietnam. Its shores are all announced a “broad curtailment said. Chinese and North Vietnamese. if not total moratorium” of all “Is Lyndon Johnson staining his The presence of U.S. warships mass demonstrations until after hands with blood and spreading there is in itself a provocation the Nov. 3 presidential election. the war to North Vietnam — ordered by the administration as and possibly to China — in order part of its “get-tough” policy. Fortunately, their cowardly and Clifton DeBerry dangerous scheme to hogtie the to prove that he is an even tough­ Concealed, moreover, by the con­ er warmonger than Barry Gold­ Freedom Now struggle for the despite massive brainwashing by trolled U.S. press was the fact that benefit of the Democratic Party water?” the socialist candidate U.S. naval units in the Gulf of the controlled press, know some­ national ticket, didn’t work. These asked. Tonkin have been engaged in hos­ “leaders” succeeded only in prov­ The Negro candidate for Presi­ thing is wrong about U.S. policy tilities against North Vietam. in Southeast Asia — as they knew ing that they have almost no in­ dent said that the attack on North Washington maintains the fiction something was wrong with the fluence in the black ghettos. Vietnam had been planned in the that the actual attacks were car­ undeclared war in Korea. The sell-out conference, which White House and Pentagon for a ried out by South Vietnamese ves­ was held here, was called by long time. “The incidents between “We of the Socialist Workers sels and that U.S. warships just NAACP Executive Secretary Roy the U.S. destroyer and the PT Party say get all the troops, planes happened to be along as bystand­ Wilkins and attended by Martin boats were the pretext not the and warships out of Vietnam — ers. This fiction is on a par with Luther King, president of the cause of the U.S. air attack,” he North and South. If as Johnson the claim that U.S. fighting forces Southern Christian Leadership asserted. He pointed out that for claims their purpose is to ‘protect in South Vietnam are not there as Conference; A. Philip Randolph, the past six months U.S. author­ democracy,’ then send them to combatants but merely as “ad­ chairman of the Negro American ities have been leaking stories Mississippi and let them do some visers.” Labor Council; Whitney Young, Roy Wilkins about the need to attack North protecting of black Americans The North Vietnamese charge, there.” executive director of the Urban Found ranks rejected ‘moratorium’ Vietnam because the U.S.-spon­ however, that the U.S. vessels ac­ League; James Farmer, national sored civil war in South Vietnam The reprisal bombardment of tually participate in the raids on CORE director; John Lewis, chair­ barrass the Democrats in their at­ was doing so poorly. the national territory of a country their costal cities and islands. A man of the Student Nonviolent tempts to hold onto racist votes DeBerry said that the U.S. had without declaring war is an open half-way admission of this ap­ Coordinating Committee; and for which Goldwater is making a no right to be in South Vietnam violation of all norms of interna­ peared in the Aug. 4 New York Bayard Rustin, vice-chairman of bid. These “moderate” Negro lead­ in the first place. “Ninety per cent tional law. It has only a few pre­ Times: “ It has been reported that the March on Washington. ers showed that they agree with of the people there now hate cedents in modem times. The the [U.S.] destroyers on patrol Wilkins, King, Randolph and Johnson that the way to beat America’s guts for keeping that closest parallel to the action have sometimes collaborated with Young signed the moratorium Goldwater on the civil-rights issue civil war going and imposing a ordered by Johnson took place in South Vietnamese hit-and-run statement, and Rustin gave it his is to adopt Goldwater’s program series of brutal, corrupt dictators 1936. At that time German war­ raids on North Vietnamese port full support. The statement was — stop any effective struggle by on them. American troops are ships were aiding Gen. Franco by cities, though the destroyers them­ clearly made at the behest of Negroes. being forced to suffer and die sinking Spanish Loyalist vessels, selves stay in international wa­ national Democratic Party leaders Only one day after this big an­ there in an illegal undeclared by transporting troops for the ters.” — King had just met with New nouncement, when from the Ne­ war because the corpora­ Spanish fascists, etc. There was a While the State Department and York Mayor Robert F. Wagner — gro “summit meeting,” these lead­ tions and billionaires who really clash at sea between a Loyalist news media pretend to be mysti­ on the theory that continued mass ers thought they had delivered the run the U.S. believe that it is their plane and a German warship. In fied by the motives of the North actions by Negroes would em- (Continued on Page 4) divine, imperialist, white-suprem- reprisal for this “ unprovoked at­ Vietnamese government, the key acist right to control Southeast tack,” Hitler ordered a naval bom­ to the “mystery” is obvious. On Asia and the other colonial and bardment of the Spanish coastal July 30, two islands on the North semi-colonial areas of the world. city of Almeria. At the time the Vietnam coast, Ho Me and Non “Political stooges of big busi­ shelling of Almeria was con­ Ngu, were shelled by hostile naval ness like Johnson and Goldwater demned as a criminal act in all vessels. The government of North wholeheartedly carry out this dir­ countries except those with fascist Vietnam declared the attackers ty policy but the American people, governments. (Continued on Page 4) Meaning of Harlem Riots Advance Tremor of Black Revolution By William F. Warde Washington. It is a landmark of was a means of exerting direct pressure upon the politicians to Harlem exploded right after the even greater importance than these two milestones. Washington hurry along much delayed legisla­ country-club set, the racist- tion. minded, the hottest cold-warriors is the white capital of the coun­ Now, no sooner was that bill whooped it up for Goldwater in try but Harlem is its black capital. enacted and signed than Harlem San Francisco. These are the so­ And what Harlem feels, thinks erupted and initiated a higher cial and political extremes of and does — or does not do — can stage of the struggle. The advance American life today. At one pole — which the liberals and pure the rich, pampered and powerful be decisive for the progress of the pacifists regard as a retrogres­ — but worried and fearful — del­ Negro revolt. sion — was registered in the fol­ egates of the ruling order set This stands out clearly when we lowing ways. about to make the country and compare the principal features of The Harlem, Bedford-Stuyve­ the world safe for their oil wells., last week’s events with those of Cadillacs and white supremacy. sant, Rochester encounters were the March on Washington which not at all peaceful. They were At the opposite pole, the most de­ has up to now been the peak of prived and despairing part of our provoked by police violence and the mass mobilization of black answered in kind. These justi­ people wrathfully rose up against protest. their atrocious conditions and the fiably vehement uprisings con­ The March on Washington was forces upholding them. tained the shoots of civil and a peaceful and well-ordered dem­ racial war. There is no need to dwell upon onstration with almost a festive Instead of being staged with the background and immediate air. the consent of the authorities and causes of the New York events. It was a carefully-controlled as­ in benevolent consultation with They are so well-advertised that semblage, shepherded from start them, they were directed against outbreaks have been predicted for to finish by its moderate organiz­ the police and similar agencies months. Now the much-discussed ers who collaborated with the lo­ of the power structure. The cops “long hot summer” has been con­ cal and federal authorities. were attacked and fought in rov­ verted from anticipation into real­ It was an interracial affair from ing battles of urban guerrilla ity. What must be done is to size the speakers on the platform to warfare. Photo by Bob Fletcher up the significance of this long- the crowd. These movements were not bi- prepared episode in the unfolding HOW ABOUT A MORATORIUM ON POLICE BRUTALITY? It had a respectable, middle- racial but almost entirely nation­ of the Freedom Now movement class atmosphere, even though alist in temper and leadership. Mississippi cop lunges at voter-registration worker during July 16 and what it portends for the com­ police attack on COFO workers in front of Greenwood courthouse. many of the participants, black Here was the black ghetto speak­ ing period. and white, belonged to the work­ ing, protesting, battling with its The woman is expecting a baby soon. Her sister, at left, tries to The Harlem eruption took place ing class. own forces on its own account. protect her from cop. President Johnson said he favored morator­ ten years after the Supreme Court Finally, it had a reformist aim, The whites, even sympathizers ium on civil-rights demonstrations but said nothing about impos­ school desegregation decision and its central demand being the pas­ and radicals, were not in it and ing moratorium on police brutality. one year after the March on sage of the Civil Rights Bill. It (Continued on Pare 2) Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, August 10, 1964 . . . Real Meaning of the Harlem Riots Freedom Now (Continued from Page 1) vigorously. And not only Bedford- tional and social revolutionary Nominee Enters not welcomed. In some places they A London View of Stuyvesant and Rochester, but process. Each new stage emerges were told to stay out. Chicago, Washington, Baltimore with implacable necessity from These actions were not organ­ Harlem Riots and other districts may join them. the gains and deficiencies, the Race in Harlem ized or directed from above. They Reporting to its British You may put out the fire this victories and setbacks, of its pre­ were spontaneous outbursts of readers on the Harlem events, time but it will blaze up more decessor. The needs and demands lighting-mad black masses out to The Times of London re­ fiercely the next.” that power its progress are too vent their hatred of hopeless imperative and irrepressible to be called the 1935 outburst and The NBC television program on slum-life and those responsible for Harlem, Test of the North, con­ arbitrarily halted. Both conces­ offered this comment: it. They were agitated by militant cluded by posing the alternatives sions and repressions feed it and leaders but apparently not under “An investigating commit­ before the powers-that-be in this stimulate its forces in different their control. tee then found that among way: either large-scale repression ways as the cumulative momen­ The leaders who were in full the causes were police bru­ or large-scale satisfaction. Which tum of its onward march keeps command of the March on Wash­ tality, overcrowding, extor­ will it be? lifting it to higher levels of strug­ gle. ington — Rustin, Farmer, the tionate rents, shortages of Certain Negro leaders are talk­ clergy, NAACP — were tossed schools, poor health facilities ing about a $16-billion Marshall One salient drawback, among about like feathers in a gale. They and discrimination against Plan on the ground that the ghet­ others, disclosed in the New York were driven to the left as they ex­ events is the lack of an author­ Negroes in the labor market. tos are disaster areas and the erted efforts both to chime in plight of the people there is cat­ itative leadership and organiza­ with the seething anger and damp “An investigation of this astrophic. Such a demand is more tion which can knit together the it down. The most militant and week’s terrifying riots would than justified. But it is most im­ spontaneous and spasmodic local unrestrained spokesmen, Gray, produce an almost identical probable that Johnson and the struggles, give them an adequate Epton and the various Black Na­ list, with perhaps an addi­ Congress will unbalance their bud­ program and direct their efforts tionalists, had the ear of the free- tion — fury that so little has get for the exclusive benefit of into the most effective channels. dom-fighters. It remains to be seen whether changed in so many years.” the black masses, even as a self- Malcolm X and the new Organiza­ Direct Action protective measure. The Presi­ dent’s program for the phony tion of Afro-American Unity can And that is what it was: The step into this vacancy. on Washington last August, which “war on poverty” doesn’t include entry into direct action of do-or- was peaceful, thoroughly regi­ any extensive or expensive im­ The moderate camp followers die freedom-fighters, an authentic, provements, let alone the elimina­ of the Democrats are counterpos- Lee Forest mented from on top, interracial, made-in-the-USA resistance move­ tion of the terrible injustices and ing electoral action and registra­ Paul Boutelle middle-class, reformist and legal­ ment, the uprising of the most inequities responsible for the tion to direct action. There is cry istic, these July incidents have daring and self-sacrificing ele­ ghettos. ing need for a national movement NEW YORK, Aug. 4—The Free­ been rough, uncontrolled and un­ ments of an oppressed people. which knows how to combine dom Now Party for Independent controllable, black nationalist in What, then, is the most likely These protests had a revolution­ mass action with the right kind of Black Political Action has an­ spirit, wholly proletarian in com­ prospect? ary edge and implication mani­ independent political organization. nounced that Paul Boutelle has position and revolutionary in ten­ The outbursts in New York are fested not only in the methods of been selected to run for the State dency. only the beginning — the first of One of the major themes of the action but in the underlying aim. their kind in the Northern cities. Senate from the 21st Senatorial Now let us look at the other Socialist Workers Party election Although the Harlem demonstra­ Whatever the laments of Negro District in Manhattan. Boutelle, side. campaign must be to defend the tors put forward several specific and white liberals, they will be freedom-fighters, North and 29, is the party’s Metropolitan immediate demands — the arrest The city, state and federal of­ suceeded by others even more South, to explain the reasons and Committee chairman. He has been of the killer-cop and a civilian re­ ficials and politicos knew that stormy and protracted so long as rightness of their resistance move­ active in organizing the Freedom view board — the generalized something like this was brewing the ruling rich and their political ment, and press the white work­ Now Party this year. He is a na­ characted of their mood and and bubbling in the ghetto caul­ servitors refuse to remove the ing-class community to wake up tive of Harlem, where the 21st movement went much beyond drons. They may have thought the conditions that have generated and back their demands for the district is located, and is well these. They were revolutionary Civil Rights Bill would allay the them and make their recurrence sake of their own freedom. For known to many rank-and-file Har­ defiances aimed at the overthrow unrest for a while at least. But virtually mandatory. the Negro-haters in the seats of lemites. of the whole rotten system that that legislation, whatever useful­ The revolt of the black free­ power will have to take the road Boutelle will begin his cam­ condemns them to such misery ness it may have in the South, dom-fighters is moving forward to a South African solution of paign with a rally in Harlem and brutality. It was anti-capital­ gave nothing to the Northern under our eyes from one stage to the crisis in race relations unless Square — east side of Seventh ist in effect, if not in conscious­ Negroes. another in obedience to the ob­ they are fought and forestalled Ave. between 125th and 126th ness. Nothing of substance has been jective laws of every great na- in time. streets — on Saturday, Aug. 8 Finally, these were the re­ done about jobs, housing, school­ from 4 p. m. to 9 p. m. sponses and deeds, the methods of ing and all the other festering At the rally, Boutelle will speak struggle, of the “nitty-gritty” core grievances which are at the root on the party’s platform for 1964 of the ghetto inhabitants: the rest­ of the problem. Instead of taking and discuss such questions as: less youngsers, the harried adults, measures to mitigate police mal­ “Why black people should boycott the aroused mothers. It was not practices, the departments con­ A Letter from Mississippi the Democratic Lucifer (Johnson) the respectable and the dignitaries cerned stored weapons and made along with his twin Blood Brother but the most deprived, resentful plans for their riot squads to [A reader has sent us the fol­ wherever there was a little group the Republican Satan (Goldwa- and rebellious who were out on stamp down on any sizeable ex­ lowing letter which she received of white children. One white ter)” and “How an organized, in­ the streets and on the tenement pressions of discontent. from a librarian who spent his school had only 78 children in ternational black whip will handle summer vacation traveling from rooftops. the whole school! In the ram­ any backlash.” Callous Officialdom place to place in Mississippi, set­ And so, in contrast to the March shackle Negro school which I saw, Boutelle will speak at the New The first reactions of the presi­ ting up libraries as part of the one teacher had 68 pupils in one York Militant Labor Forum, 116 dent, governor and mayor show Community Center program of the class. A little girl helping with University Place on Friday, Aug. how callous they are and insen­ Mississippi Summer Project. For the library had attended school 21 on the subject: “The Indepen­ sitive to the needs of the situa­ the protection of individuals from the start of the fall term dent Road to Black Freedom names have been omitted.— Editor] tion. 1) They dispatched more until the Christmas vacation with­ Now.” Weekly Calendar I was picked up at the COFO cops, state-troopers to crack down, out being called on to answer any Those wishing to contribute to proclaimed a curfew, banned office in Carthage by Mr. and questions or to recite. the Freedom Now Party in New WEST COAST meetings and demonstrations. 2) Mrs. —, who proved to be a York can make checks or money most interesting and refreshing Coming from an area of smug A SOCIALIST EDUCATIONAL CAMP. They made the most minimal suburban lip service to reading orders out as follows: Met. Comm. Aug. 29 through Sept. 7. Fifty miles couple. Mr. — said several things token concessions: shifting three and education, it was inspiring to F. N. P. They should be mailed to south of San Francisco. Magnificent site. on the trip which impressed me. Negro police officials to replace work with a group with a real Met. Comm. F.N.P., 30 E. 125th All facilities for a relaxed and pleasant whites in Harlem while refusing After asking me why I was down St., New York, N. Y. 10035. vocation. Reservations must be made in in Mississippi and receiving my hunger for the books and educa­ advance. In San Francisco, call VA the major demands of punishing tion of which they have been de­ the killer-cop and establishing a answer, he said, “ Mr. — , I know 4-2321; in Oakland. 444-8012; in Los you aren’t going to enjoy it down prived. Even many of the tattered Angeles, A N 9-4953. civilian review setup. 3) They discards reached a haven in Negro launched a Red-scare. here, but I hope you like it.” Suit Filed on Behalf • We arrived in Carthage late in homes. Stupid Mayor Wagner, who had the afternoon. As we approached I left Carthage Sunday morning DETROIT to cut short a jaunt to Europe, was the Negro community, Mr. — and Saturday night the people Of Slain N.Y Youth THE PROBLEMS OF DETROIT'S far more worried about the effect pointed out how the paved road who had helped set up the library NEW YORK — A damage suit SCHOOLS. Speakers, DR. LOUIS of the unfavorable publicity on went through the white com­ stopped by, singly or in groups, for 1.1 million dollars has been CLEAGE and RICHARD HENRY, mem­ World’s Fair attendance than on to express their gratitude, and bers of G O A L and candidates for the munity and then curved to miss filed against the city of New making this world a little bit half a dozen or so took my ad­ Detroit Board of Education. Fri., Aug. the Negro community. It was sup­ York by the estate of Frank Ro­ fairer for the outraged citizens of posed to go straight but that dress “up North” with the inten­ driguez, Jr. who was shot dead 14, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 Woodward. Harlem and Bedford-Stuyvesant. Ausp. Friday Night Socialist Forum. would have meant going through tion of sending me a present at by an off-duty policeman on • * * Whether these highly-placed 30,000 acres of Negro-owned land, Christmas. They had been so Feb. 18. HEAR SOCIALIST VIEWS ON RA­ know-nothings and do-nothings so the route was changed. eager to get to work on the library The complaint charges Proba­ DIO. Every Monday, 7:15-7:30 p.m. Sta­ realize it or not, the New Y6rk An outstanding memory of the when I arrived that one man, tionary Patrolman Ronald Mes- tion WQRS-FM (105.1). uprisings give warning that the trip and of my whole stay in when I asked what time they zares, who killed the 18-year old patience of the black masses Carthage was the almost embar­ planned on getting started next Puerto Rican youth as he alleged­ • penned in the ghettos is nearing rassing amount of gratitude to me morning, asked excitedly, “Is eight ly fled from the scene of a street LOS ANGELES exhaustion. They’d better look up for my visit and amazement that o’clock too early for you?” In fight at Second Avenue and 92nd Theodore Edwards presents a Marxist from their Martinis and take no­ a white man had the nerve to do the discussion which followed, the St. with unwarranted and un­ view of the news in his bi-weekly radio tice of the Molotov cocktails that what I was doing. As Mr. — put group decided to have a meeting necessary as well as unreasonable commentary, Aug. 18, 6:45 p.m. (Re­ were tossed into the midst of the it, “That’s a tough old pecker- that evening, so I conducted an force. Luz Diaz, the administrator peated Aug. 19, 9 a.m.), KPFK-FM police battalions and at their wood sheriff we have.” And the orientation class before starting to of the slain boy’s estate, is bring­ (90.7 on your dial). patrol-wagons. At the height of lady where I stayed told me not organize the library. It was for­ ing the suit on behalf of the de­ the melee an NACCP official to worry if I heard noises on the tunate I did, because I found that cedent’s widow and her two small issued a pleading leaflet cap­ porch — there was a dog posted some of the people involved didn’t children. NEW YORK tioned: “Cool it, baby, the mes­ there to bark and give the alarm know fiction from non-fiction, a In 1962 the Boys Club of Amer­ THE MEANING OF THE GOLDWA- sage has been delivered.” in case of trouble. result of enforced lack of educa­ ica had bestowed the Boy of the TER NOMINATION. Speaker, Tom It would be good if that were As we worked in the old church tion and rural lack of facilities. Year award on Rodriguez. He was Leonard, contributor to The Militant. so. However, it appears that the which had been converted into Just before I left, one of the the first New York State boy to Fri., Aug. 14, 8:30 p.m., 116 University message, though delivered, has the library, the group pointed out ladies told me, “Mr. —, tell what be so honored. PI. Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. not been read or understood. The an incredibly dilapidated build­ you have seen. You have only * * * gist of that message is: “You’d ing which had been their school seen the best part of the Negro "A slave who has become cons­ FRIDAY, Aug. 21 — THE INDEPEND­ better hurry up and give us what until this year and said that after community here, but I know cious of his slavery, and who has ENT ROAD TO BLACK FREEDOM we so desperately want and have the Supreme Court decision on you’ve seen enough. And tell the risen to the height of fighting for NOW , a talk by PAUL BOUTELLE, can­ didate of the Freedom Now Party for called for — or Harlem will be school desegregation the whites truth as you saw it, for the truth his emancipation, has half ceased State Senator. heard from again and even more had built brick schoolhouses will set you free.” to be a slave." — Lenin. Monday, August 10, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Three Appeals for Justice Won't Do It Black Ghettos Need Political Power By Robert Vernon The recent revolts by the youth and impoverished masses in the streets of Harlem, Brooklyn, Ro­ chester and Jersey City have been a severe shock to the white ruling class, disturbing its confidence in its ability to control and manipu­ late black people through the med­ C u b a : S e v e n T h o u s a n d M i l e s the military odds in their favor ium of “responsible, dedicated Ne­ F r o m H o m e by Dave Dellinger, might be.” He quotes extensively gro leaders.” They have been an in June-July issue of Liberation. from Castro’s May Day speech on even greater shock to white lib­ 40 cents. U.S.-Cuba relations. erals and responsible Negro “lead­ Even though he managed to get The subsequent articles in the ers,” and are disconcerting to State Department approval to go series will go into more detail on many supporters of the civil- to Cuba this spring as a reporter the developments in the new par­ rights movement. There are re­ for Liberation magazine, Dave ty (PURS) and other institutions peated frantic complaints that Dellinger had to travel 14,000 evolving in the direction of new these events are “damaging the miles going to and from the island forms of direct democracy like the cause of civil rights. 90 miles off our shores because popular assemblies “ that take That may be. But the masses of place regularly (usually once a of U.S.-devised red tape and dif­ poor black people in the ghettos ficulties. Hence the title of the week) in the Cuban factories, of New York, Rochester, and other granjas [state farms], co-opera­ first in a series of articles about urban centers are interested first tives, schools and housing projects, what Dellinger saw and experi­ and foremost in their own cause. that fulfill a grassroots, demo­ enced during the three weeks he “Freedom Now” has other mean­ cratic function similar to that spent driving the length and ings to the ghetto poor than those formerly provided in the United breadth of the island speaking implicit in “civil rights” in the States by the New England town with friends and enemies of the narrow sense. The unemployed, meeting.” Revolution. poorly - housed and poorly - fed —Barry Sheppard Dellinger is a pacifist, and, as masses confined to the ghettos of he says, “I was not predisposed T h e O b s t a c l e C o u r s e o n C a p i t o l the integrated, liberal Northern to like the Cuban Revolution, H i l l . By Robert Bendiner, Mc­ cities want freedom—NOW—from either on my first trip in No­ Graw-Hill; 232 pages; $4.95. slumlords, corrupt and brutal po­ vember 1960, when I spent three T h e S e n a t e E stablishment . lice, rats invading their babies’ and a half weeks on the island, Speeches by Senators Joseph S. cribs, unbearable living condi­ PRIME GHETTO ISSUE. Police brutality, like the kind shown here or this time . . . I must confess Clark and others. Foreword by tions, increasing unemployment against civil-rights demonstrators in Chester, Pa. is one of the that after being subjected to more James MacGregor Bums. Hill and unrelieved poverty, and an things driving residents of black ghettos to seek more effective than three years of false reports, and Wang; paper edition (Am er­ alien and oppressive Way of Life. invented facts, and devastating leadership. They know cops won’t be swayed by appeals for justice. ican Century Series) $1.50; 140 Of course the ghetto masses analyses by ex-Cubans and other pages. feel some sympathy toward the strate again. Don’t call us, we’ll experts who have not even seen These two books help answer a integration struggle in the South, is organized only locally. Nothing Cuba during several years of call you.” question which must puzzle most and toward the efforts of middle- less than independent black poli­ swiftly moving developments, I Americans—what makes Sammy class Negroes to rise in American By its very nature, the civil- tical power will be effective. half expected to be as disappoint­ Congressman run? The Bendiner society. But when the ghetto rights movement, no matter how Independent political power is ed and disillusioned this time as book is a valuable contribution. It masses go into action, it is on their militantly led, gravitates toward still power no matter which en­ I had been inspired and exhilarat­ is interesting as well as education­ own terms and for their own aims, appealing to white liberals, and emy of the black people, John­ ed in 1960. Only after I had been al. which are not completely identi­ its success is dependent upon son or Goldwater, gets elected. back in Cuba for some time did His first chapter, “The Nays cal with those of the civil-rights whites accepting Negroes as fel­ Independent black political power I realize how much the constant Have It,” sets the tone and tells movement. low Americans. The civil-rights is the only power that can be propaganda had sapped my morale the story. Representative govern­ movement is basically a move­ counted on to stand up to the and clouded my vision.” ment is a hollow shell as a minor­ Offer Nothing ment of protest or appeal to the backlash, or frontlash, sidelash, This initial report, which Del­ ity consisting of Republicans and Capitalist politicians have no “conscience” of “good” whites. Ap­ uplash, downlash, or any other linger says is an introduction to Dixiecrats control both Houses concessions to offer to the ghetto peals to love and to the brother­ kind of whiplash that Uncle Sam his forthcoming articles, pierces through their chairmanship of the poor. The ruling class relies on hood of man, to the solidarity of can inflict on black people. the cloud of lies and presents us major committees. “responsible leaders” to handle fellow Christians and fellow A powerful, independent, ghet­ with a sharp view of the real He likens the progress of any the situation. The ruling class ac­ Americans, are common. Intense to-based movement will be of Cuba. The actuality of the devel­ social-welfare measure to a child’s cepts a militant middle-class lead­ efforts are made to win sympathy enormous value to black people in opment of the Revolution has board game in which advances or and pity. This is backed up by fighting back against the oppres­ clearly not disillusioned or disap­ retreats depend upon the tossing ership as “intelligent” and “re­ more militant attempts to shame sive American Way of Life. Large pointed Dellinger, and what he of dice or the spinning of a wheel. sponsible” and expects the black unfeeling whites, to work on their numbers of potential white allies has to say will hearten all sup­ The traps along the way are many masses to be content with the guilt feelings, if any, to make among the white poor (in Appa­ porters of the first workers’ state and deep. Bendiner cites the long crumbs handed to Negro “lead­ them “understand” how much Ne­ lachia, in migrant-worker camps, in the Americas. history of the attempts to get fed­ ers.” groes suffer as second-class citi­ in unemployed lines, etc.) and Dellinger has a good eye, not eral aid for elementary and sec­ The white ruling class feels that zens, etc. among white youth will be won, only for signs of the material ondary schools to illustrate the black people should be grateful More militant civil-rights fight­ not through appeals to “love” and progress the Revolution has point. He could just as well have when some Negro is appointed to ers seek more forceful ways of ar­ “brotherhood” (which attract only brought and is bringing, but also used such issues as Medicare, a government post, or is allowed for evidences of the extent of free­ housing, civil rights, etc. to play on a golf course at Atlan­ resting the attention of indifferent individual idealists), but through building a powerful revolutionary dom of speech, growth of bureau­ Senator Clark’s major premise ta, or is given the opportunity to whites. Sit-ins, wade-ins, lie-ins cracy, development of democratic in The Senate Establishment is send his son to a military prep give way to more strident tactics movement which can give them such as stall-ins, aimed at irritat­ leadership and show them a road forms, etc. He conveys vividly the that the “moderns”—those “new school. New York’s Mayor Wagner flavor and feel of Cuba today, the generation” legislators who are feels that when he condescends to ing and attracting the attention of out of the mess they are in, too, revolutionary spirit which still backing the Kennedy-Johnson so­ talk with Rev. Martin Luther King, whites, at whatever cost, as if the in this capitalist society. dominates Cuban life, and which cial-welfare program—have been he has communicated meaning­ “conscience” of white America Such a movement, because it can only be observed through the punished by their own Steering fully with all Negroes worth talk­ could be twitched once the plight has power and therefore com­ kind of direct experience Del­ Committee for having voted for ing to. of America’s poor, helpless, piti­ mands respect, can un-brainwash linger shares with his readers. cloture against the 1962 filibuster. Now Dr. King is recognized as ful Negroes were truly felt deep other layers of the white workers, Dellinger was at the May Day They were bypassed in the hand­ the authoriative spokesman of the in the heart. who are now relatively more priv­ celebration in Havana where 800,- Negro middle class and of all con­ ileged, backward and conserva­ ing out of major committee chair­ Win Little 000 people gathered to celebrate manships and memberships. servative, politically inert, church- tive, and draw them into the the gains of their Revolution. He Clark’s speech lasted three days, going Negroes who never throw These tactics sometimes win struggle to bring about the revolu­ reports that “it was a day of de­ and that part of the book is taken bottles or bricks at cops. But Dr. partial gains, and attract a follow­ tionary changes that have to be termination as well, determina­ directly from the Congressional King does not even represent At­ ing of white liberals and well- made in America if there is to be tion, as Fidel expressed it, on the Record. lanta’s Buttermilk Bottom ghetto meaning white youth. But they justice, equality and a decent life one hand to press ahead to new The Establishment is a minority (whose poor black masses are not are ineffective in making basic for any working-class people of accomplishments and, on the other consisting of the Dixiecrat contin­ pliable material for non-violent changes in society. any color. hand, never to surrender to the gent and the “conservative” Re­ workshops). He is no more quali­ The key question here is power, imperialists no matter how great publicans who are “dedicated to fied to speak for the angry masses independent black political power. ______CHICAGO______the status quo in economic and of Harlem than for, say, South The black urban masses cannot property rights and to the past in Vietnamese peasants or the shan­ win anything important by beg­ human rights.” tytown dwellers in Johannesburg. ging, pleading, shaming, or throw­ RALLY AND DANCE The existence and power of the We are observing a classical se­ ing tantrums to attract attention In Support of Establishment was graphically quence which repeats itself in all and pity. Police, school boards, demonstrated when it tied up the mass struggles. When the moder­ automating factories, racist mobs, CLIFTON DeBERRY Senate for 75 days of “debate” ate “leaders” see that their limited and white capitalist power have For President against a very weak civil-rights demands are being met, they fran­ no conscience or heartstrings, and Speakers from civil - right­ bill. Senator Humphrey, the bill’s tically insist that the masses go feel no guilt. They respect only floor manager, charged on May 11, back and stay in their place, that power, and yield only to power. groups and Youth for DeBerry that the 81 senators “not from the more trouble will “only hurt the Political power is a life-and-death and Shaw. South” were more responsible for cause,” i.e., the middle-class cause. issue for black people in America. Music by recording star the situation than the 19 South­ The “leaders” often really be­ The road ahead for the black Maurice Rodgers and his five- ern Democrats who conducted the lieve that the masses are fighting masses in the urban centers is to piece rhythm-n-blues combo. delaying action. for the same things that the “lead­ organize solidly at the grass-root He told reporters “any intransi­ ers” will be satisfied with. level, building a radical political Sat., Aug. 15, 8 p.m. gent minority can run the Senate “ Cool it, baby!” these “ leaders” force with which to counter the if a mojority stands around with tell the masses. W e’ve won our power of the white ruling class. 302 S. Canal St. jelly for a spine.” Senator Clark’s demands, now we got our message Independent political power, free (Hall 204) book makes clear that the “jelly” across to the good white folks. from control and influence by (cor. Canal and Jackson) consists of—fear about committee Go back off the streets. If you “good” Democrats or Republicans, Donation: assignments when the 89th Con­ keep this up, you’re only doing can do something meaningful 75c single; $1.25 couple gress is organized in 1965! harm to our pure cause. Go home, about schools, jobs, police, and David Dellinger — Marvell Scholl we’ll tell you when to demon­ housing — even when that power Ausp. Youth lor DeBerry and Shaw Page F our THE MILITANT Monday, August 10, 1964 Fidel Castro's 26 of July Speech THE MILITANT Support to Revolution Not Negotiable Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: GEORGE LAVAN Business Manager: KAROLYN KERRY [Following are excerpts from where the Playa Giron invasion Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, the speech of Fidel Castro in San­ was organized . . . by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., 116 University PL, New York 3, N.Y. Phone tiago de Cuba on July 26, the [Castro then read the OAS de­ CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; eleventh anniversary of the at­ claration against Cuba and de­ Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily tack on the Moncada Barracks scribed the governments, almost represent The Militant’s views. These are expressed in editorials. which is regarded as the starting all of them military dictatorships, point of the Cuban Revolution.] which voted for the sanctions.] Vol. 28 - No. 29 345 Monday, August 10, 1964 Recently a U.S. newsman inter­ And what governments voted viewed me and we talked for against sanctions? The govern­ about 18 hours . . . You all know ment with the longest democratic how newsmen are . . . They ask and constitutional tradition in Strikers in Baltimore Fight a lot of questions and some of Latin America: Mexico, Chile and them are very shrewd in their Uruguay . . . questions . . . All of you know the history of Lockouts, Court Injunctions One of the questions the news­ Uruguay, Chile and Mexico. They By Eloise LaVonne man asked me was this: “Can the are no socialist countries. They are question of Cuban aid to other capitalist countries. But for many BALTIMORE — Leaders of Lo­ on the grounds of “information Fidel Castro countries, to the revolutionary years constitutional governments cal 692, Retail Clerks of Amer­ and belief” of violence at eight movement in Latin America, be What we do not believe is that have prevailed there . . . ica, AFL-CIO, began negotiations of the 58 stores, Judge Barnes negotiated . . .?” with Acme, a major food chain ruled against any picketing. The international norms are applicable And the fourth country is Bo­ with 58 stores in the Baltimore Maryland State Attorney then in­ Answered Questian in some areas but are not oblig­ livia, where a worker-farmer rev­ area, on Jan. 7. Company policy vited Acme managers to report atory elsewhere . . . olution took place ten years ago... I thought that his question re­ is to hire on a part-time basis, giv­ any individuals picketing to Countries which don’t respect Brazil had also refused but the ing the employes odd hours, low Judge Barnes for contempt of ferred to the “aid” they say we Cuba, which meddle in the in­ imperialists solved that problem pay and meager benefits. The court citations. give the revolutionary movements ternal affairs of Cuba and promote with a coup d’e tat . . . pay scale in the Baltimore area The union filed charges of un­ in Latin America. I did not say counter-revolution have no right Favor World Peace is $20 per week lower for begin­ fair labor practices with the Na­ yes or no, in other words, I did to complain if we help the rev­ not say whether or not we gave ners and $10 lower for experi­ tional Labor Relations Board be­ olution in those countries. We be­ When the revolutionary govern­ aid. I just answered his question. enced clerks than in the Wash­ cause 1) an injunction against all lieve this is clear and elementary. ment speaks in defense of a posi­ I told him: “Look, aid to rev­ ington, D.C., area although there primary picketing pre-empts the And as you know, the Organ­ tion in favor of world peace, when olutionary movements cannot be is no noticeable difference in the National Labor Relations Act; 2) ization of American States, that the revolutionary government negotiated, cannot be negotiated.” price of merchandise. Maryland has an anti-injunction rubbish heap, that U.S. Ministry reiterates the position it has held Then I said to him: “If you ask On April 17 Acme workers in statute; 3) federal labor law is of Colonies, has met to judge and and states that it is ready to dis­ me another question, that is, if the Baltimore area went on strike being violated; 4) the First cuss differences, then they say we you ask me if we are a nation declare sanctions against Cuba on after realizing that a satisfactory Amendment, guaranteeing free the pretext that Cuba sent a load do so because we are weak and capable of living in accordance agreement could not be reached speech, is being violated; 5) in­ of arms to the Venezuelan rev­ because we are desperate. They with international norms, then I by negotiations. In order to break stead of a full hearing with affi­ olutionaries. always reach the same conclusion would answer yes.” . . . But this the union, the six other big food davits filed by Acme, the injunc­ and always the wrong conclu­ chains in the area shut down. tion was granted on hearsay. is already a different question. Other Weapons sion . . . Food chain workers have been The workers are fighting back. If Cuba were to send arms to They say that there they found We could say to [the signers subjected to the concerted ruth­ The injunction was ignored and a country that respects our sov­ arms of Belgian-Cuban manufac­ of the OAS declaration] . . . Give lessness of the bosses and the anti­ picketing was strengthened. Since ereignty, that doesn’t meddle in ture. What we can be sure of, weapons to the workers and peas­ labor bias of the judicial system the Acme announcement of plans our internal affairs, that doesn’t from the information that we have ants in Latin America and then here. Most of the locked-out to re-open, store windows have give arms to the counter-revolu­ from very reliable sources, is that see how long the military dicta­ workers have not been able to been broken, scabs turned back, tion, then we would be violating there were also bazookas and tors in power will last . . . find work and have been without locks jammed with solder, and a the norm . . . mortars manufactured by the What are they doing? They are income because the courts ruled manager padlocked inside a store. Afterwards they published a United States, made in U.S.A. issuing a call to counter-revolu­ that they are ineligible for un­ The 650 members of Local 692 are story which said: “Cuba is ready And these were never acquired tion . . . employment compensation. still picketing the store, now to negotiate the aid it gives to the by Cuba. So how is it possible to Cuban Call Nine weeks after the lockout a open for business. The employes revolutionary movement.” But the explain the existence of those federal mediator proposed a com­ of the other six unionized food question was not nor could it mortars and those bazookas . . . In the face of the call by the promise settlement. The union chains are honoring Local 692’s have been put in that way . . . To declare sanctions against us imperialists to counter-revolution, agreed, but the corporations flat­ lines. The butchers of Meatcutters It doesn’t matter how great our on charges of having sent arms to [we issue] the call of the Cuban ly rejected it, and the six other Local 117 and the American sympathy may be towards rev­ Venezuela they would first have revolution to the Latin American chains which had locked out their Bakery and Confectionery Work­ olution. The realities of the world, to declare sanctions against the revolution. Call against call. And workers made plans to re-open ers Local 68 both of the AFL-CIO the true and objective existence government of the United States we will see who is right. despite lack of agreement with are also supporting Local 692. of more than 100 states in the 70 times and they would first have In the United States the po­ the unions. Acme, too, announced In view o f all this, Judge world, make it imperative that to declare sanctions against the litical forces are polarizing around plans to re-open, manning its Barnes moderated his no-picketing states live subject to norms of in­ governments of Nicaragua and two positions: The more reaction­ stores with strike-breakers. ruling. The strikers may now ternational conduct . . . Guatemala 70 times, the countries ary and the less reactionary. It Immediately picket lines were legally have up to three pickets could very well be said that U.S. set up at all the Acme stores. At per entrance with no more than politics is a matter of bad or Acme’s request for an injunction six persons picketing per store. worse . . . As you know, since April 19 a . . . Civil Rights ’Moratorium' certain type of extremely serious (Continued from Page 1) and become campaign managers provocation began such as cross­ ing the border line [at the-Guan­ Negro people, bound and gagged, in the Negro community for Lyn­ PRE-PUBLICATION OFFER don Johnson.” tanamo Naval Base] to insult our on the altar of the Democratic flag; firing at a soldier and Party, the moratorium began to James Shabazz, aide to Malcolm X and representative of the Or­ wounding him; firing and killing Save $2.50 crumble. Militant statements by another revolutionary soldier only local Negro leaders poured forth, ganization of Afro-American Uni­ ty, said the leadership which a few days ago. In the face of such opposing any halt in demonstra­ incidents, we have given proof of tions. Then CORE’s James Farmer called for the moratorium was “a head without a body.” He made great moderation . . . LABOR S GIANT STEP and SNCC’s John Lewis repudiat­ We don’t want Mr. Goldwater ed the moratorium, declaring the statement at a Militant Labor — Twenty Years of the CIO Forum symposium in New York to win but if, as the price of keep­ their organizations would continue ing Mr. Goldwater from winning demonstrations where necessary. July 31. At the same meeting, Paul Boutelle, chairman of the we suffer a death every time it Among the local leaders who New York Metropolitan Commit­ suits the fancy of the U.S. Ma­ by Art Preis spoke out early against the mora­ tee for a Freedom Now Party, rines, then what more can Gold­ torium were New York rent-strike also denounced the moratorium. water do than Johnson is doing? LABOR’S GIANT STEP is a vivid account of the workers’ battles head Jesse Gray; Stanley Branche, On the same occasion, Harlem in labor’s leap from craft unionism to industrial organization. head of the Chester, Pa. Freedom rent-strike organizer Major Wil­ The struggles that went into building the CIO will come alive Now movement; Ruth Turner, liams said: “They say we can’t chairman of Cleveland CORE; for you, as will the great strike wave of the 40’s and the period fight because we’re only 10 per J. A. Bagsby of the Pine Bluff ...Vietnam leading up to the merger in 1955 of the AFL and CIO. cent of the population, but if we (Ark.) Movement, a SNCC af­ (Continued from Page 1) retreat now, we’ll soon be only LABOR’S GIANT STEP is more than a history of unionism — the filiate; Lincoln Lynch, chairman were South Vietnam and U.S. great class struggles are related to the economic, political and five per cent, and then one per warships and broadcast its pro­ of Long Island CORE; Rev. Milton cent.” social developments of our time. You will want to return again A. Galamison, leader of the New test on Aug. 1. and again to its 550 pages for reference, or just to savor the York school-boycott movement; Clifton DeBerry, Socialist Work­ The next day the clash between spirit of the workers who built the CIO. and Herbert Callender, head of ers Party candidate for President, the U.S. destroyer Maddox and Bronx CORE. said of the proposed moratorium: the North Vietnam motor patrol “This is the surest way for Ne­ boats took place. However, the Branche declared: “The only groes to get nothing. If Johnson State Department and Navy ac­ way we got this far is because of payment must be included with order feels the civil-rights vote is in counts and the press reports were our demonstrations. Everyone’s his pocket, he’ll move way to the running scared of the white back­ carefully doctored to obscure the Pioneer Publishers, 116 University Place, New York, N.Y. 10003 right to accommodate the racists. sequence of events. Ninety-nine lash. To me it is nothing but Black people must develop inde­ the same old dirty bigotry and per cent of the readers of U.S. Enclosed is $...... for...... copies of LABOR’S GIANT STEP pendent political force. That’s the newspapers have the impression prejudice.” Rev. Galamison said: —Twenty Years of the CIO, at the pre-publication price of only way they can be a power “Nobody is going to pay any at­ that the PT boats opened fire and the only way they can defend first and that the Maddox only $5 per copy. tention to this ban. The people in themselves against the attacks of fired back. A careful deciphering the streets throwing bottles won’t Name.. the racists which will come whether of the double-talk issued in Wash­ listen to these leaders anymore.” Johnson or Goldwater is elected.” ington reveals that the Maddox, Street Address...... Black nationalist leader Mal­ Of the leaders who advocated the whose guns far outrange the colm X declared from Cairo, City...... State...... Zip Code.. moratorium, he said: “Now we weapons of the small motor boats, Egypt — where he has been lob­ know what New York Police Com­ first opened fire and had been fir­ this special offer ends September 15, 1964 bying at a meeting of heads of missioner Murphy meant when ing at the PT boats for ten or 15 independent African states — that he talked about ‘responsible’ Ne­ minutes, possibly even a half the leaders proposing the mora­ gro leaders — responsible to the hour, before the PT boats launched torium “have sold themselves out power structure.” their torpedoes. Monday, August 10, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Five With Union Brass All Lined Up: Fritz Pappenheim Dies: Dems Offer Labor Nothing - Maybe Less Was Marxist Scholar By Tom Kerry easiest to defeat in November. Now its political strategists say CAMBRIDGE, Mass. — The nies. It is a shameful index of It is generally conceded that wistfully that New York Gov. death of Fritz Pappenheim on America’s political and intellect­ with the nomination of Goldwater Nelson Rockefeller, Pennsylvania July 31 at his home here is a ual immaturity, that this book, as the Republican presidential can­ Gov. William W. Scranton, or any great loss for his many personal which has sold close to 100,000 didate there will be a further shift of a number of others would have friends, students, acquaintances copies in Japan and Latin Amer­ to the right by the Johnson Demo­ been preferable. With Goldwater and, indeed, for all who are con­ ica, has hardly received notice crats in both foreign and domes­ the nominee, labor and its causes cerned with the progress of man­ here, at least in the academic tic policy. I use the word “furth­ will become a fighting issue. kind. world. er” advisedly. For it is a matter of Labor fully expects Goldwater He is survived by his wife, Fritz Pappenheim’s life in public record that the rightward and his campaign attack will be Yvonne Pappenheim. America afforded a refreshing and swing of the present administra­ rejected, but many union leaders As an economist, sociologist and inspiring contact with what for tion began long before the Ari­ are afraid labor may be hurt in a philosopher, Fritz Pappenheim our society is a very rare phe­ zona “know-nothing” captured the backlash.” devoted himself to labor and adult nomenon: an intellectual and Republican nominating conven­ What a confession of bankrupt­ education in Frankfurt, in his na­ scholar who had stood unflinch­ tion. cy! The major responsibility far tive Germany, until the Nazi take­ ingly by his Marxist principles To begin with upon taking of­ the rightward shift of American over forced him to flee to Spain through the worst privations fice Johnson lost no time in set­ politics can be laid squarely at in 1936. He was interned in a con­ abroad and the fear and cowardice ting out to woo the profit-sharks the door of the labor “statesmen.” centration camp in southern of the McCarthy era and post-war whose insatiable appetite for M eany Their policy of clinging to the France, where he had fled after reaction here. Fritz never hesitat­ monetary gain grows with the coat-tails of the Democratic Party Franco’s victory in 1939. After ed to give his vocal and practical feeding. He not only wooed ’em its own comment: “ Unions have has led to a continuous loss of many difficulties, he managed to support to every progressive cause — he wowed ’em! So much so that no political bargaining power. influence and prestige despite obtain permission to come to the — whether it was in defense of a prominent financial journal re­ Johnson will welcome their sup­ their leadership over what is po­ United States in 1941 and taught the civil-rights movement or the cently chortled: Wall Street loves port — but need not woo it. In­ tentially the most powerful po­ social sciences at Talladega Col­ Cuban Revolution. A man of great Lyndon! Life-long Republican ty­ deed, if general political expedien­ litical force in the country. To lege in Alabama from 1945 to personal warmth, and generosity, coons have plumped for Johnson. cy should warrant it, Johnson maintain their alliance with the 1952. After that he lived in Cam­ his passing will be especially rfelt “Among them,” reports the July could turn a bit in the other way, Dixiecrats the so-called “liberal” bridge, and devoted himself to re­ by the Boston branch of the So­ 22, Wall Street Journal, “ are stepping on union toes in doing Democrats have forced down the search and lecturing on the sub­ cialist Workers Party, where, de­ Henry Ford II, chairman of Ford so, without worries of labor defec­ throats of labor one bitter pill ject of alienation. spite some differences in views, he Motor Co., Joseph L. Block, chair­ tions. after another, always under the His book , The Alienation of gladly gave many lectures and man of Inland Steel Co., Ray Ep- guise of warding off the more M odem Man, published by the participated in discussions and “The truth is,” adds BW, “ un­ pert, president of Burroughs ions have nowhere else to go . . . deadly doses demanded by the Monthly Review Press in 1959, is forums. Let us hope his example Corp.,” etc., etc. “conservatives.” a broad and comprehensive study will encourage American students They cannot afford to sit this one of the nature and causes of the and workers to take the courage­ Irrefutable Logic out no matter what Johnson might Attack on Unions estrangement and atomization of ous path he took: the struggle for do between now and the election With profits soaring to historic — and in the potentially critical It was under cover of the “back­ life in modern capitalist society, a socialist future free of exploita­ levels one Ohio industrialist, a lash” of the Robert Kennedy- based largely on the theories of auto negotiations, a word or a tion of man by man and of aliena­ registered Republican, argues with McClellan pogrom against the Karl Marx and Ferdinand Ton- tion of man from man. move by Johnson could have irrefutable logic: “Johnson has strong bearing on the year’s most unions in 1959 that labor was been good to business, so why important bargaining.” This saddled with the union-busting stop a good thing?” In contrast spokesman for Big Business has Kennedy-Landrum-Griffin Act in Clashes in Northern Ghettos to the full-speed-ahead for the little doubt that, if push comes to 1960. This did not deter them from profit-gougers is the Kennedy- shove, Walter Reuther will emu­ endorsing co-author Jack Kennedy Johnson brake on labor’s demands late the craven Negro conservative for president in that campaign. Sparked by Police Brutality for wage increases and shorter leaders who recently tripped all There is no longer any talk of hours. “ Wage rates,” reports the over themselves following the repealing anti-labor legislation de­ By Jay Garnett “had brought their riot-control July 18 magazine, Business Week, vised to hobble, hamstring and plans up to date” in view of the Harlem anti-police uprising to call AUG, 3 — To explain the out­ “have gone up by about 3% per for an end to civil-rights demon­ undermine the unions. On the breaks in Northern ghettos sim­ expected “long hot summer.” year, the smallest rate of gain for contrary, the overstuffed union “In practice,” continued the strations, in order to “defeat Gold­ ply as the explosion of social any postwar upswing.” Legislation water.” bureaucrats cower liked whipped dynamite that has been piling up Times, “individual judgment was calling for a 35-hour week to com­ curs hoping against hope to evade for decades is incomplete. Most required” when police were bat unemployment has not even Reject Timid Demands the inevitable sting of the lash explosions require a spark. A lit­ dropped off on Harlem street- been given a hearing. which is their reward for faithful corners. But the behavior of the The result? A few days later tle investigation reveals that the Under the circumstances Wall Mayor Wagner summarily reject­ service to their masters. And this police sparked the recent clashes cops was remarkably uniform: Street’s love for Johnson is not ed the timid demands for the not from a Goldwater whom they in St. Louis, Harlem, Bedford- “The idea is to make a lot of hard to understand. It is the deep modest measures to control police “fully expect” will be defeated Stuyvesant, Rochester and now noise — run at them yelling; that and abiding affection accorded an brutality against Negroes and to but from those to whose victory Jersey City, contrary to the stories usually breaks a crowd,” one ser­ ardent suitor come laden with a indict the killer-cop who sparked they pledge a full measure of which try to blame the black na­ geant told reporters after just dowry full to the overflowing the Harlem revolt. Like the labor their not inconsiderable material tionalists, “outside agitators,” or having done that. The cops had resources. just fired scores of shots over the with riches beyond the dreams of skates, these conservative Negro “ reds.” avarice. But what reasons do the heads of N egroes, shouting leaders “had nowhere else to go” This, then, is the net result of In the St. Louis ghetto outburst labor leaders have for “loving and “no bargaining power” to gain the theory and practice of the of July 6, police invaded the home “ Charge!” Lyndon?” Certainly not for the even the most meager concessions. “lesser-evil” policy. It can have of a heart patient who had called If the police, steeped in racism, gifts he has brought the workers. The attempt to dampen civil-rights no other. So long as the labor for an ambulance. According to believed they could handle the Nor for the promises he has made actions and to declare a morato­ movement remains tied to the the July 31 Muhammad Speaks, people of Harlem like jungle of future rewards — for he has rium on the Freedom Now strug­ capitalist two-party system the their uninvited presence was op­ beasts, it was their error. It is made none. gle can have no other result than gains made in bitter union strug­ posed by the heart patient’s two precisely being treated like ani­ The July 25 issue of Business to lead to the same blind alley in gles over the past 30 years will sons. The cops, shouting epithets mals that Negroes have resolved W eek headlines the plight of the which the organized labor move­ be eroded and washed away. The at the family, called for reinforce­ not to tolerate. political bankrupts who head the ment now finds itself immobilized. rightward drift of American po­ ments, but the neighborhood In Brooklyn’s Bedford-Stuyve- AFL-CIO in an article entitled: There is more than a touch of litical life can be reversed by turned out en masse. sant Murphy’s police used the “Nowhere to go but to Johnson.” irony in the fears expressed by breaking with the two-party shell The July 16 shooting of 15-year- same tactics. The article quotes a “somewhat AFL-CIO “political strategists” game and launching an Inde­ old schoolboy James Powell by a The Rochester ghetto explosion disgruntled AFL-CIO political that the Goldwater nomination pendent Labor Party which, in plainclothes cop set off a bottle- which resulted in the declaration strategist” who sums up labor’s may lead to a “backlash” against alliance with a mass political or­ and can-throwing counterattack of martial law and the calling in unenviable position: “Let’s face the union movement. “A few ganization of the Negro people, on the police in Yorkville, Man­ by the city’s Mayor of the Na­ it,” he observes. “He [Johnson] months ago,” BW observes, “labor can offer a genuine alternative to hattan. tional Guard was sparked when doesn’t have to do anything. He was describing Goldwater as its capitalist reaction at home and A peaceful demonstration on the police intervened in a street doesn’t have to give us anything.” favorite candidate for the GOP abroad. the evening of July 18, protesting dance, held on the evening of July To which Business Week adds nomination — as the Republican Powell’s murder at a Harlem po­ 24 by the Northeastern Mothers The average monthly rate of lice station, blew up when the Improvement Committee. They cops charged the demonstrators. arrested a Negro youth, allegedly unemployment, according to gov­ Adding gunfire to the traditional intoxicated. Clubbing and kicking ernment figures, was 5.6 per cent billy-club beating, they fired 2,000 him, they dragged him away. Peace Walkers Defy State Dep't in 1962 and 5.7 per cent in 1963. rounds of ammunition and sent Word of this got back to some NEW YORK, July 29 — The “We have no alternative but to for more. 200 persons who were attending Committee for Nonviolent Action regard this for practical purposes More than 400 cops were im­ the dance. They surrounded the announced today that in the near as a refusal,” they wrote. Further mediately ordered to the scene. police and, within minutes, bot­ future members of the Quebec- information as to time and place They crouched and fired volley tles were flying and police re­ Washington-Guantanamo Walk for where the Walkers will leave for after volley, according to officials inforcements were rushing to the Peace, now in Miami, Fla., will Cuba was withheld. into the air just above the roofs. spot. In the course of the even­ proceed to Cuba despite the travel The letter concludes with the At least one Harlem resident was ing, the police used tear gas, fire ban. Although they applied more declaration that the Peace Walk­ killed and dozens were wounded. hoses, and police dogs were held than two months ago, the Peace ers “would prefer to go to Cuba Sunday night violence broke out in abeyance — according to one Walkers have not received validat­ with the approval of the State De­ when police charged Negroes report, they were used. ed passports from the U.S. State partment and do not regard light­ gathered outside of the Funeral On August 2, Jersey City, N.J., Department. ly the violation of government Home where ceremonies for Po­ police set off a clash which at one Formal notice that they will regulations.” well were being held. Three bus­ point had several hundred Ne­ complete the Havana-to-Guanta- Since arriving in Miami on May loads of “anti-riot” policemen in­ groes hurling anything that was namo leg of their march was sent 29, the Peace Walkers have con­ vaded the area to attack and dis­ loose at them. The cops are re­ to Secretary of State Dean Rusk. ducted demonstrations for peace perse all Negroes present. ported to have mistreated a black A letter signed by Rev. A.J. and for freedom of travel. In Key Testimony from police about woman in the course of arresting Muste, national chairman of the West, six members of the group their entire approach to these her allegedly for drunkeness. Sev­ CNVA, and Bradford Lyttle, Co­ were jailed June 27 when they events is damning evidence that eral bystanders protested and one, ordinator of the Walk, reminds attempted to use their constitu­ these “sparks” were not acci­ a man, was arrested. After a brief Rusk that despite several weeks tional right to peacefully dem­ dental. The July 20 New York protest demonstration by about of conferences and correspondence onstrate against militarism in the Times reported that “in theory, 40 at the police station, there was in relation to Cuba travel and city, site of several naval instal­ the Police Department was fully a mass gathering at a street- despite the support a number of lations. At the present time, sev­ prepared several months ago for comer near a housing project. Senators and other public figures eral are sitting-in at the passport the riot.” Police Commissioner Police, sent to the scene, were have given their request, no office of the State Department Michael J. Murphy and his staff met with flying debris. validation has been granted. in Miami. Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, August 10, 1964 MARXISM AND THE NEGRO STRUGGLE What Marxism Is and How It Survives By George Breitman developed his theory and worked shown to be faulty or outdated, out some of its laws on the basis but that was a minor thing com­ The Negro movement continues to unfold with ever-increasing of the knowledge and conditions pared to the fact that the work­ of his time. His theory would in­ ing class revolution predicted by scope and power, but, like most deed be useless today if other Marx actually took place, that mass movements, empirically — thinkers, using his method, had the workers decisively demon­ feeling its way along through ex­ not added to it and brought it up strated their ability to take power periment, trial and error. It is to date in the light of subsequent away from the capitalists, that a working out its positions, policies knowledge, different conditions gaping wound was tom in the and orientation step by step under and new experiences. side of world capitalism. the press of immediate necessity. Cruse criticizes the 20th cen­ Since the system against which A crisis? Yes, the Russian Rev­ tury Marxists for adding to what is rebelling is capitalist, its pol­ olution produced a crisis all right it Marx started, adapting his ideas icies are becoming more and more — for capitalism and imperialism, to conditions that did not exist anti-capitalist, implicitly for the a crisis that still haunts them. in his day, and applying his most part, but explicitly too. But For despite the subsequent de­ theory in circumstances it was im­ the most advanced elements of generation of the Soviet Union possible for Marx or any other the movement (radical and na­ during decades of isolation, the human being of that time to fore­ tionalist) have not yet projected Russian Revolution has been an see. This would make sense only or adopted a clear-cut ideology or example for the oppressed masses if one expected a theory to have a comprehensive program of so­ in many lands and has inspired magic qualities: to be full grown cial revolution based on a tho­ successful revolutions against cap­ and fully developed at birth, to rough examination of U.S. mo­ italism and imperialism by other apply to all times and places in nopoly capitalism and the ways colonial and semi-colonial coun­ the same way, to be perfect, un­ and means to end its domination. tries. Some more “crises of Marx­ improvable. No one makes such ism” like that and world capital­ Need for Theory demands of other theories and ism will be finished. sciences. Modem evolution is not, Lenin and Trotsky were, unlike The need is felt for the move­ cannot be, the same thing as the DISCUSSING PROGRAM TO WIN FREEDOM NOW. Rights fight­ Marx, able to see the possibility ment to broaden its perspectives findings of Darwin a century ago, er William Worthy addresses Harlem rally on need to build all- of the revolution occurring first and formulate a fundamental but it stems from them, it is an in an industrially-backward coun­ black Freedom Now Party to fight Jim Crow system politically. theory for its action. Some Negro extension of them. Similarly with try because they lived later and, intellectuals are trying to fill this Marxism. need. Inevitably this begins with “standing on his shoulders,” were power and scope as it is applied out, is “more solidly working- analysis and critique of existing “Deviations from Marx” able to see farther. Much hap­ to specific situations and to new class and revolutionary in out­ theories. Having rejected liberal­ pened to change the world during conditions. It developed when look than the trade unions, or Cruse would probably concur ism, that is, liberal capitalism, the third of a century between Lenin and Trotsky applied it to anything else in America today.” with these remarks as a general­ behind which Lyndon Johnson, Marx’s death and the Russian the specific conditions of Russia From these studies and from its ization, saying that what he is Walter Reuther, Roy Wilkins, Revolution. That was the period in the epoch of imperialism own participation in the struggle, talking against are not extensions James Farmer and Martin Luther when capitalism definitively (“Russianized” it). It developed the SWP in the last year or two of Marx’s theory, but deviations King are all united, the Negro in­ passed beyond the industrial stage further when the Socialist Work­ has developed a number of ideas from it — deviations so great that tellectuals are faced with the task and entered its monopoly stage ers Party applied it to the specific — Marxist ideas — about black they have thrown Marxism into a of defining their attitude to Marx­ (imperialism). conditions of America (“Ameri­ nationalism, separatism, inde­ hopeless and insoluble crisis. We ism, the theory and practice of canized” it). And it continues to pendent black political action, the can better understand what he Monopoly Capitalism scientific, revolutionary socialism. develop as the SWP applies it to Negro’s relation to the capitalists, means by deviations from Marx­ Marx had shown that capitalism the specific conditions of the Ne­ to the white workers, etc. Whether Marxists can only welcome the ism, and therefore what he means was inevitably moving in the di­ gro community in the United these ideas are perfect or less most searching examination and by Marxism, when we turn to the rection of monopoly, but he did States (“Afro-Americanizes” it, as than perfect, whether they are criticism by black radicals. The only example he gives of such one thing we ask is that Marx­ not live to see it arrive there. The the SWP put in the 1963 conven­ complete or only beginnings to­ deviation: the Russian Revolution tion resolution, Freedom Now: ward a more complete grasp of ism be discussed as it really is, of 1917. (As will soon be seen, imperialist conquest of the world, the final subjugation and division The New Stage in the Struggle reality, no one car. deny that they and not as one of the many straw the role of Marxism in the Rus­ of Asia and Africa by the ad­ for Negro Emancipation, Pioneer do grapple with vital questions men substituted for it through sian Revolution sheds important vanced capitalist powers, created Publishers, 25¢). concerning the Negro people and malice or ignorance in this coun­ light on the real relationship be­ a new situation. They lodged new their allies. Certainly no other try, where the misrepresentation tween Marxism and the Negro of Marxism is a national industry. and deeper contradictions in the Based on Reality party in this country has done struggle.) more than the SWP along these capitalist system — and opened Theory is derived from reality; This elementary condition for The chief deviator, says Cruse, lines. fruitful discussion is not met in was Leon Trotsky, “who first said new opportunities for the revolu­ the more closely a theory cor­ tionary opponents of that system. Harold Cruse’s article on “Marx­ that a socialist revolution was responds to reality, the better a A Straw Man ism and the Negro” in the May even possible in Russia. This was In this situation Lenin and theory it is. Marx studied the The most discouraging thing and June issues o f Liberator. in 1905 when none of the Russian Trotsky applied the method they conditions and struggles of the about Cruse’s article is not that Primarily a polemic against the Marxists agreed to that possibility had acquired from Marx. Lenin’s west European workers, learned he rejects Marxism, but that he Socialist Workers Party, this ar­ (not even Lenin). Trotsky was theory of imperialism, its corol­ from them, and incorporated those deliberately refuses to confront or ticle is designed to support denounced as a ridiculous vision­ lary insights into colonialism and lessons in his theory. Lenin and even mention what the SWP Cruse’s thesis that Marxism is un­ ary for saying this but later won nationalism, and Trotsky’s theory Trotsky did the same with the thinks, says and stands for. Pre­ realistic, unable to adjust to rev­ other Russian Marxists over to of permanent revolution added Russian workers and peasants. ferring to construct a straw man olutionary reality, dominated by his thinking . . . new and indispensable features to And from its inception the Social­ that even a mental flyweight can “white” thinking, and intent on the body of Marxist thought. They ist Workers Party has been doing demolish, he simply ignores what exploiting and dominating the Serious Dilemma? revealed weaknesses in the cap­ this with the conditions and strug­ the Marxists actually advocate Negro movement. Cruse’s depic­ “ Marxism, as Marx himself italist structure that had not ex­ gles of the American Negro peo­ and propose. For example, the tion of Marxism is on a higher developed it, did not foresee or isted or had not been visible in ple, which have always been uni­ SWP is the only organization level than one finds in most of predict a ‘socialist revolution’ in the mid-19th century: imperial­ que in many respects. Embodied claiming to be Marxist in this the capitalist press, but it too suf­ a backward agrarian country such ism would break first at its weak­ in its theory and program are country which says that black na­ fers from many errors and distor­ as Russia. According to Marx, the est link, the ruling classes in in­ many lessons learned from the tionalism is progressive and of­ tions. We shall start with his con­ revolution he predicted had to dustrially backward countries Negro struggle, and from the fers it support and collaboration. ception of Marxism in general. come about in a highly industrial­ would not be able to put up as ideas, feelings and outlook of the Isn’t it strange that Cruse can ized nation which had necessarily much resistance to revolution as masses in the black ghetto. find no space for this fact in an Estimate of Marx created a large industrial class of their stronger brothers. Nor is that all. The Negro strug­ article about the SWP and the Cruse tips his hat to Marx, ac­ workers . . . (who) would revolt Prime Example gle in 1964 is not the same thing Negro movement? Or would stat­ knowledging that he was a great and expropriate the owners . . . it was ten or even five years ing such a fact undermine the thinker, whose dialectical ma­ “ (The Russian Revolution) put Applied to Russia and acted on, ago — much has changed. Speak­ whole structure of his polemic? terialist method of analysis vastly the Marxist parties in western these additions to Marxist theory ing at a recent Freedom Now In some cases where the SWP expanded the world’s knowledge Europe, the U.S., etc., in a serious resulted in one-sixth of the world Party rally in Detroit, state chair­ position is widely known, Cruse about society. But he can find no­ dilemma — a dilemma which over being tom out of the capitalist man Albert B. Cleage noted: accuses the SWP of saying things thing positive or creditable to say the years has deepened into a stranglehold. How can one ask for “Everywhere the black man’s it doesn’t really believe in, but about 20th century Marxists. He series of crises. This was because a more magnificent example of whole conception of himself, of he is always careful not to inform accuses them of merely repeating every social revolution that has the creative application of Marx­ his struggle, has changed. You his readers just what those things what Marx said, of being inflex­ taken place since the Russian Rev­ ism to a specific country and a may not know the day you started are so that they can make their ible, of clinging to outdated ideas olution has also developed out specific set of problems and rela­ thinking differently but it has own judgment. He never offers and failing to adjust to changed of industrially backward, agrar­ tionships? What Cruse calls “tam­ changed.” (Illustrated News, June evidence of the alleged insincerity, conditions. Simultaneously, he ac­ ian, semi-colonial or colonial con­ pering” is Marxist theory en­ 29.) With the change of the black merely asserting that Marxists cuses them of the opposite fault — ditions . . . riched and made concrete under man’s conception of himself and cannot believe the unstated things o f not repeating what Marx said, “According to a strict inter­ special and unique conditions. his struggle have come many they claim to believe because then of being too flexible, of deviating pretation of Marxian formula­ Marxism would be dead today if other changes — in goals, strate­ they would have to give up Marx­ from Marx so much that they tions, Trotsky tampered very not for those additions. gy, tactics — even changes in the ism (at any rate, Cruse’s version don’t really deserve to be called loosely with Marxian ‘laws’ and When Cruse sees deviations be­ way certain words are defined. of Marxism). Of the SWP’s pio­ Marxists. reaped the whirlwind . . . ." cause Lenin and Trotsky did not The SWP has been studying neering effort to Afro-American­ Heads I win, tails you lose: It is true that Marx expected merely repeat what Marx had said, these changes, trying to under­ ize Marxism which should be of When modem Marxists repeat the working class revolution he shows an inability or unwilling stand their causes, find out their some interest to readers of an ar­ what Marx said, they are parrots, against capitalism to begin in the ness to recognize important fea­ direction and fit their revolution­ ticle called “Marxism and the and when they don't repeat what industrially-advanced countries, tures of Marxism — its richness, ary aspects into a theory and pro­ Negro,” he never gives the slight­ he said, they are not Marxists. and it is also true that it began in its variety, its ability to cope with gram of action capable of replac­ est hint or notice. Let us take up first the second a backward, semi-colonial country. changing situations, its unfin­ ing capitalism with socialism. It This may be one way to “win” of these charges — “deviation.” But neither fact invalidates Marx­ ishedness. Marxism is not only has been listening to and learn­ a debate, or to create and As a theory Marxism began ism or convicts Lenin and Trot­ what Marx worked out a century ing from non-Marxist figures — strengthen prejudices against with Marx, but it did not end sky of “tampering” with Marxism. ago, nor only what Lenin and such as Malcolm X, Rev. Cleage, Marxism. But it’s a poor way to with him. If it had, if Marxism On the contrary! The overthrow Trotsky added when they applied William Worthy, Jesse Gray, educate black militants, or anyone was only what Marx discovered of capitalism in Russia signalled Marx’s method to the conditions Daniel Watts, James Baldwin, else, about Marxism, or anything and formulated a century or more the beginning of the end of cap­ of their time, but also what sub­ the exiled Robert F. Williams and else. Cruse has the right not to ago, it would have no claim what­ italism as the dominant world sequent Marxists did, do and will Julian Mayfield, even Harold discuss what the SWP really ever to being called scientific; it system and therefore was, in fact, do as they apply this theory to Cruse sometimes — who to one stands for, but an article about would be classified now as some the first major confirmation of other situations, including some degree or another express the the SWP is a strange place to k ind o f dogma or cult, and the Marx’s theory. that do not even exist yet. thinking, feeling and aspirations be exercising that right. world would have stopped de­ The time sequence of revolu­ Marxism is a theory in process of the black ghetto which, as Another article on this subject bating about it long ago. Marx tions expected by Marx was of development, which grows in Robert Vernon recently pointed will appear in the next issue. Monday, August 10, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Seven

[This column is an open forum violent” adherents. In Queens ditional factors that deserves to be movement to “expose” the Demo­ There will be no mention of the for all viewpoints on subjects of County, New York City, dem­ considered. crat-Republican alliance (especial­ stultifying hypocrisies of “main­ general interest to our readers. onstrators in front of the Jamaica While we recognize the natural ly the Northern-Southern Demo­ taining freedom throughout the crat coalition). Should we not Please keep your letters brief. Savings Bank shouted “BANJO alliance of the Northern and world” or “helping small nations Southern Democrats as well as then assume that these black Where necessary they will be BILLY MUST GO!” while carry- who ask us to help them fight that between them and the Re­ leaders are also aware of the abridged. Writers’ initials will be ing placards which read, “This is Communist aggression” with publicans, there are natural con­ same social pressures that the used, names being withheld unless a SELF-DEFENSE Demonstration which the United States cloaked tradictions between them that more intelligent wing of the rul­ authorization is given for use.] — Unite or Perish!” its own Westward expansionism. most people only recognize as a ing class are and that this has Taylor Adams The Self-Defense declaration by supposed difference between led them to their tactics toward The Need for Self-Defense the Queens Human Rights Dem­ Johnson and Wallace on civil the Democrat convention. Mr. Negro Organizations St. Albans, N.Y. onstrators forthrightly told the rights. These natural contradic­ Halstead states that this tactic Chicago, Ill. On Monday, June 22, 1964, two public that they have pride and tions must be analyzed. will not work — that the Free­ self-respect, and during the dem­ I am writing in answer to M.R., similar, but also different kinds Johnson and Humphrey (along dom Now delegation will not be onstration no one spat upon or whose letter appeared in the June of human-rights actions took with Republicans) make a lot of seated and the Southern whites attempted to intimidate the dem­ 15 Militant. place. In St. Augustine, Florida, noise about the passage of an al­ will. I have a hunch the Free­ onstrators as members of the white demonstrators invited violence to leged Civil Rights Bill. Wallace dom Democrat leaders know this M.R. makes the same mistake public had in the past. be directed toward them by being and Goldwater stand publicly op­ as well as Mr. Halstead does — many sincere people make in known to the public as “non- Demonstrations will continue posed. The Democrat-Republican but they want to prove it to others equating black nationalism with until the offensive “Banjo Billy” majority does not attempt to ap­ by this challenge. ideas of black supremacy. It is mural is removed from the walls pear as civil libertarian for any Regardless of this, we should nothing of the sort. It simply of the bank. However, continued reason except that there is social begin by congratulating them for means that Afro-Americans want abuse of the demonstrators by the pressure on them to do so. Their making the challenge, support it, to control their own movements, public will not be tolerated. Ac­ problem is that they have to do and go on to point out what these their own community, and their cordingly, the SELF-DEFENSE what they think is necessary to tactics must lead to — independent own lives. posture of the Queens demonstra­ 1) keep the ship of state afloat political action such as the Free­ The Negro community is tradi­ tors tells all that we will practice dom Now Party and the Socialist “McCa r t h y s c o r e d a n ­ and moving and 2) get elected. tionally controlled by whites; the immediate, instant self-defense in Workers Party campaigns. same is true of Negro organiza­ o t h e r VICTORY ON AUG. 2 They correctly estimate that, the American tradition of freedom while the vast white majority is Jim Krahn tions. But, you say, aren’t Negroes when the U.S. Senate refused to and that the American slogan, vote on the Flanders ‘censure’ not willing to accept Afro-Amer­ heading Negro organizations now? “Don’t Tread On Me!” applies to Prediction on Far East resolution and decided instead to icans as full and complete equals The Neroes who head Negro or­ all citizens. set up still another committee to or fully compensate them for 400 New York, N.Y. ganizations are usually people ‘investigate’ the fascist Senator. As recent events in Mississippi years of degradation, there is Millions of words have been with a stake in white capitalist “The motion, introduced by continue to underscore, it is crim­ growing popular support for written about our policies and society. GOP majority leader Knowland, inal for American adults, who black Americans obtaining the performances in the Far East, but The nationalist is not tied to or was adopted by 75 to 12. It was have full knowledge of this coun­ right to vote and the right to a I imagine the history books of the obligated to the white man. Na­ supported by every McCarthyite try’s vicious anti-Negro history, to job. Wallace and Goldwater do year 2964 will tell the story in a tionalists are independent and in the Senate with the exception send our youths into dangerous, not recognize this reality. Mr. single sentence, something like only independent Negro organiza­ of McCarthy, who did not bother racist areas without protection Halstead correctly states that this: “After trying for a century tions can really accomplish any­ to vote. It was supported by the and with instructions that they “when the chips are down, they to assert what it called its ‘Mani­ thing constructive for their peo­ overwhelming majority of both shall not protect themselves nor are all In the same party and they fest Destiny’ to dominate the East ple, because they are obligated to capitalist parties, who are mortal­ uphold the dignity of their Amer­ are all loyal to the same system.” Asian Pacific littoral, the United their community alone. Whites ly afraid of having to vote on any ican citizenship. Yet, he does not state that they States of America, last of the should help but under no circum­ disciplinary resolution against The Rochdale Movement has do not all agree on how to best Western imperialist predatory stances attempt to control the Ne­ McCarthy and are grateful for been asked why we believe in a support the system. That is why powers to attempt the plunder of gro movements. M.R. should ex­ any pretext to delay or prevent position which is identical with the white power structure chooses the vast resources of these back­ amine the entire question care­ such voting. our nation’s position, and with a Johnson and not a Wallace to ward, helpless countries, was fully; if he still comes to the same “The new ‘investigating’ com­ that of all self-respecting, free­ rule in its interest. finally thrown out as a resurgent, conclusions he should switch to mittee, consisting of three Re­ dom-loving people — the position There appears to be consider­ modernized, atom-powered China the New York Times or possibly publicans and three Democrats, is of SELF-DEFENSE. The answer able interest among the black regained its traditional hegemony the Worker. supposed to bring back a report is simple — it is because we have leaders of the Freedom Now over the area.” Michael Kaplan after considering the Flanders learned that the character-corrod- resolution and the Fulbright ing, servile, subservient, unnat­ amendments, and after taking new ural, and un-American “non-viol­ testimony. It is also supposed to ent” technique is wrong as the report back before the present final means. The proud and sane It Was Reported in the Press session of Congress ends. American tradition of self-defense “Whether that will happen is does not mean aggression or viol- It’s a Problem — Asked how he member hospitals in New York and New View — Roy Cohn, aide highly doubtful. It will be child’s enfce. It stands for honesty — and felt about being labeled the that this is with the “ knowledge to Senator Joseph McCarthy dur­ play for McCarthy to drag out it is time that we be honest with and consent” of the state insur­ world’s richest man, oil bar sir on ing the period when the Senator's the new ‘investigation’ long be­ the whites and tell them they do ance superintendent. Seeking smear publicity ruined reputations yond the middle of August, when not have a license to abuse or to Jean Paul Getty snapped, “It’s court reversal of a recent 32.92 and destroyed livelihoods of thou­ the Senate expects to adjourn or kill us, and that we will defend rather bad manners. How can any­ per cent Blue Cross rate hike, sands, had these words to say on recess until the fall.” — August ourselves until death, just like our one be sure?” Thaler said the state insurance his July 16 acquittal on charges 9, 1954. oath to defend the U.S.A. until superintendent had authorized the of perjury: “I thank God for the death. No Payola for Satire? — New rate boost without auditing the United States of America, where Self-defense equates to self-re­ York radio station WNEW will books of either Blue Cross or the no matter who in high places spect; and the only thing the no longer broadcast recordings hospitals. He said the Blue Cross moves against you there is a re­ formula for reimbursing hospitals course to a jury of 12 Americans. “IN A DESPERATE MOVE TO white racist mentality understands “that ridicule the United States SMASH THE CIO TRANSPORT is power. To allow oneself to be on a cost-plus basis breeds waste government, its processes, institu­ Sharing the Work — When hun­ WORKERS Union, the Philadel­ abused and beaten is not a dis­ and dishonesty and that the dreds of Cuban counter-revolu­ phia Transportation Company, play of strength — but of weak­ tions, officials, lawmakers and “cozy and sometimes clandestine tionaries were transported to acting in collusion with leaders ness. It tells the other person that political candidates.” “Satire has relations” between Blue Cross and Washington last month to dem­ of the former company union, last you do not have any respect for the hospitals should be probed. an important place in our free so­ onstrate at the OAS meeting we week inspired a six-day municipal yourself and encourages him to ciety, and indeed in broadcasting,” Free Enterpriser — W orld’s quite naturally assumed it was a transportation stoppage against abuse others. The non-violent ad­ a station spokesman piously said. Fair boss Robert Moses told news­ straight CIA operation. But this the training of eight Negro work­ herents are laying the ground­ “But,” he added, “in these days of men he’s not disturbed by low time, apparently, other federal ers for operating jobs on street­ work for violence because they political heat and social unrest, attendance figures at the fair or agencies were let in on the deal. cars and busses. are telling the whites a lie — the we call for a strong second look by the poor attendance at amuse­ The Miami News reported that “Using the time-worn device of lie that they can abuse the Af­ at the broadcaster’s responsibility ment shows. Commenting on the one of the organizers of the dem­ ‘divide-and-rule,’ the company rican-Americans. to his industry and its image in folding of two short-lived mu­ onstration had disclosed that the and its agents provoked this anti­ Merle Stewart public consciousness.” sicals, Moses said with a shrug: labor race-hate action with the action “was cleared with a Secret Co-Chairman The Rochdale “If you lose at a horse race, no­ Service agent sent down [to aim of splitting the ranks of the Something for Something — The Movement Qneens’ Direct body pays you back.” Miami] by the White House.” CIO union, which a few months Action, Self-Defense, Hu­ murderous Duvalier dictatorship ago won a collective-bargaining man Rights Group in Haiti is looking for a new $100 election against the company- million aid handout from the U.S. sponsored PRT (Phila. Rapid Democrats and Civil Rights Duvalier’s foreign minister told newsmen why they thought it Transit) Employees Union. This Minneapolis, Minn. company outfit for years had up­ should be granted: “We support­ held the PTC’s flagrant Jim-Crow “Are Northern Democrats Real­ ed the United States on the Hun­ policies and had campaigned ly Different?” (Fred Halstead’s garian question in the UN, we against the TWU with the slogan, article in the June 22 Militant) have voted against the admission “A vote for the CIO is a vote for was instructive in its analysis of of Red China, we voted with the Niggers on the job.’ the Siamese-Twin Democrat and U.S. at the recent OAS meeting “Following the election victory Republican parties of Big Busi­ and we have respected American of the CIO, the former company ness. Also instructive was the private investments in Haiti.” union leaders intensified their deserved criticism of those who Squeeze Play — New York open Jim-Crow agitation. This consciously attempt to drown all State Senator Seymour Thaler agitation was conducted on com­ or part of the Freedom Now charges that an “unholy alliance" pany property with the tacit con­ movement in the Democrat Party exists between Blue Cross and its sent of the union-hating bosses. swamp. However, there are ad­ The pretext for the action was provided when the company, Thought for the Week after months of protest, was com­ pelled to abide by an FEPC order “Race leaders [in Rochester] declare this was not a race riot because to hire and train Negroes for poor whites were working side by side with colored as the opportuni­ operators’ jobs. The CIO support­ ties for pillage were opened up and all shared and shared alike. It was ed the FEPC order.” — August the have-nots of both races hitting the haves.” — Ralph Matthews, Sr., 12, 1944. in the Aug. 8 Afro-American. Page Eight t h e MILITANT Monday, August 10, 1964 Boston Negro Runs Against Congress Readies SWP to Run Richard David Major Parties for Congress Equal-Time Curb Noel Day, Negro civil-rights By Karolyn Kerry For Michigan Legislature leader in Boston, is running as an It never fails! Every time an DETROIT — The Socialist independent candidate against the election campaign rolls around the Workers Party has nominated pill-peddling tycoons who have Democrats and Republicans for Richard David, a Detroit unionist, monopolized the national TV net­ Congressman from the Ninth Mas­ works begin to clamor for the re­ for state legislator from Michi­ sachusetts District. Day is chal­ peal of the so-called equal-time gan’s 23rd District. This area lies lenging the Democratic incumbent provision (Section 315) of the within the city’s Negro ghetto and John W. McCormack, Speaker of Federal Communications Act. Un­ the socialist candidate is present­ der Section 315 the Federal Com­ the House. The Ninth District in­ ing a militant program to combat munications Commission requires police brutality, slum landlords, cludes about 59 per cent of all the that all candidates be given second-class educational facilities Negroes in Massachusetts and a “equal time” on public-service and unemployment. large part of Boston. programs broadcast over the air­ Richard David was bom 31 waves which, presumably, belong Day is co-chairman of the Mas­ years ago in Athens, Alabama, to “the people.” and was raised on a farm. He was sachusetts Freedom Movement The Letters-to-the-Editor column graduated from an Alabama high which sponsored the school boy­ of the Aug. 1 New York Times, school, where he had been a star cott in Boston some months ago. for example, carries a frantic football player, and then attended message from CBS president, He has been a teacher and social trade school in Detroit. During his Frank Stanton, prodding Congress worker, and is presently the ex­ two years in the army he was sta­ to hurry up and enact legislation tioned in Korea and Germany. ecutive director of St. Mark’s setting aside Section 315 for the In discussing his army experi­ Social Center, a settlement house period of the 1964 presidential ences David said, “ I learned to in the Roxbury section of Boston. campaign. operate a cannon with a range of Richard David Patricia L. Hollander The pretext is that unless this 22 miles — to blow up the Korean Thirty-one years old, Day is a who daily abuse and violate the Noel Day is done there will be no Johnson- enemy, I was told. But I was graduate of Dartmouth College. Goldwater TV debates such as rights of hundreds of people. If raised in Alabama and I know the the cops know they are watched took place between Kennedy and enemy is not on the other side of Signatures Needed and the extreme right that the by people organized and trained Nixon in 1960. That there will be the world. For the Negro, the federal government will not in­ to act in defense of their rights, To qualify for a place on the none anyway is beside the point. enemy is right here at home. terfere with local police opera­ there will be less brutality and ballot an independent candidate As a matter of fact, such legisla­ Those people in Korea were not tions. There is plenty of evidence fewer of our people shot down by must collect 4,797 signatures of tion has already been enacted by my enemy. They never treated me that local Southern police are killer cops.” registered voters. The Noel Day- both Houses of Congress. “But,” like I was treated in Alabama — often involved in racial violence for-Congress Committee collected and this disturbs Stanton no end, or in Michigan either!” themselves,” Day stated. “The Ad­ 12,400 signatures. Over 6,000 of “there was a slight variation be­ After receiving an honorable ministration’s profession of faith these, validated by City Hall, were tween the House and Senate ver­ discharge from the army, David in them is not at all different Montana Parley filed with election authorities. sions — one providing that the returned to Detroit. He has been from Senator Goldwater's belief Commenting on his candidacy suspension would be effective be­ a construction worker, welder, in states’ rights and a dependence at the time of filing in the elec­ ginning 60 days before Election gas-station attendant, auto worker on local authorities for civil-rights Endorses DeBerry tion office, Day said: “Peace, Day, the other providing for 75 and long-time active unionist. This enforcement.” PLENTYWOOD, Mont. — At a human rights and civil rights are days.” Such are the conflicts over is the first time he has run for nominating convention here July The Massachusetts Socialist the burning issues of the day on questions of “fundamental prin­ public office. 18 the Montana Socialist Work­ Workers Party has announced that which I intend to focus in a new ciple” that give zest to our body The candidate and his support­ ers Party nominated Clifton De­ it will support the campaign of style of campaign . . . I run as an politic. ers have been engaged in an in­ Berry and Edward Shaw for Noel Day, in keeping with the Independent because these issues “After considerable delay," tensive door-to-door campaign, President and Vice-President, re­ long-standing SWP policy of sup­ are too important to bury in a Stanton complains bitterly, “a con­ speaking to thousands of Negroes spectively. Their names will ap­ porting candidates of the Negro primary, because I want all vot­ ference committee resolved this about the need for independent pear on the state’s general elec­ ers, regardless of party affiliation, people and other minorities run­ difference. But the conference political action and distributing tion ballot in November. ning truly independent campaigns to be free to consider them, and committee bill has not yet been literature to introduce a socialist John Boulds of Plentywood was because I challenge the entrenched against the Democrats and Repub­ reported out or voted on by the program to the most exploited elected permanent chairman of political power in Congress for its licans. Senate and the House. sections of Detroit’s population. the convention and Everett failure to deal creatively with the While the SWP does not agree Our virtuous democrats, in and David explains in his campaign Luoma, Socialist Workers Party problems of poverty.” with a number of Day’s political out of Congress, have no objection leaflet that if he were elected, candidate for U.S. Senator from On July 19 he charged that Presi­ views, and reserves the right to to the “equal-time” provision so “The first thing I would do is Minnesota, was the keynote speak­ dent Johnson’s policy in Mississip­ criticize his program, it urges all long as it is rendered null and start an uncompromising fight er. pi would increase violence. “The in his district to vote for him. A void during election campaigns — against police brutality and police- Clifton DeBerry is the first Ne­ Johnson Administration’s present vote for Day is a vote against the that is, during precisely those pe­ state tactics. I would help and gro candidate for President in the policy in Mississippi might pro­ system of inequality and segrega­ riods for which it was devised to encourage communities to organ­ history of the United States. He voke further racist violence there tion maintained by the Democrats protect the rights of minority can­ ize resistance to the crooked and was bom and raised in Missis­ by assuring the segregationists and Republicans. didates. criminal practices of the police, sippi. He now works as a house- painter and resides in Brooklyn. Shaw, a printer, lives in Manhat­ JUDGE CRACKS DOWN ON RIGHTS FIGHTERS tan. A message from DeBerry and Shaw, read to the convention, stated that “the Negroes have Harsh Sentences Rouse San Francisco placed themselves in the fore­ it would be to admit guilt. ment and to appease his own the Ad Hoc Committee than on front of the revolutionary strug­ By Gordon Bailey gle of tomorrow.” Furthermore, probation would conscience.” the white defendants. SAN FRANCISCO — Grimly The message also charged the determined to punish every single bar continued meaningful activity Brent Abel, president of the San The Mayor’s Interim Committee two major parties with planning demonstrator who dared to in­ in the civil-rights fight. Even Francisco Bar Association, said on Human Relations expressed to court the anti-Negro vote this fringe on the alleged rights of those who accept probation are he hoped Dr. Burbridge would ex­ the fears of many San Franciscans year. “This makes it very im­ private property, San Francisco being forced by some judges to haust all avenues of appeal. “I when they wrote to Shelley that portant,” it said, “ that an alter­ prosecutors have pressed for con­ spend at least a few days in jail know Dr. Burbridge to be a sincere “many leaders, including Ne­ native program be presented to victions of more than 500 dem­ and to pay fines of $25 to $50. man and a person of stature in groes,” believe peaceful and order­ the farmers and workers in Mon­ onstrators arrested in three civil- The pattern of imported judges this community. He is dedicated ly solutions to racial problems tana. Only the Socialist Workers rights sit-ins. and vindictive sentences came to to the promotion of equal citizen­ may be more difficult as a result Party wholeheartedly supports the For over seven weeks the local a head when Dr. Thomas N. Bur- ship, a goal which men of good of the sentence imposed on the Negro’s struggle for basic rights courts have been sitting five days bridge, local head of the NAACP, will of all races share with him,” local NAACP president. and has a program that will com­ a week, trying civil-rights defend­ appeared before Judge David D. the Bar Association head declared. The local NAACP has urged bat the racism that dominates the ants in batches of ten to 15. Six French, a municipal Judge from Mayor Shelley also condemned Mayor Shelley to help bring an two capitalist parties.” or seven trials have been proceed­ Santa Ana, near Los Angeles. Dr. the sentence and said he hoped end to the interminable process ing simultaneously, as every San Burbridge, a professor of Phar­ the State Judicial Council would of trials, sentences, and appeals. Francisco judge has been pressed macology at the University of “pay a little more attention to the They propose that Shelley de­ into service and others have been California, was convicted of tres­ judges they assign.” mand that Governor Brown par­ Negro Registration imported from as far away as pass, refusal to disperse, unlaw­ What concerns many San Fran­ don Dr. Burbridge and all those Gains in South Los Angeles. ful assembly, and disturbing the ciscans who do not sympathize already under sentence; and that There were 1,937,982 Ne­ While the first trials sometimes peace in connection with the re­ with the demonstrators, is that the city prosecutors drop all groes registered to vote in resulted in acquittals and hung cent Auto Row sit-ins. Most de­ Judge French comes from Orange charges against the nearly 200 juries, a pattern of convictions is fendants have been convicted of County, long a center of Birchite demonstrators still awaiting trial. the eleven Southern states as now being set. Some defendants two or more of such charges. and ultra-conservative thought Mayor Shelley has not re­ of April 1, according to a have had to endure two trials Whereas the heaviest sentence im­ and activity. Judge French him­ sponded to this plea and Governor tabulation by the Southern ending in hung juries, only to be posed had been 90 days for all self claimed he was not aware of Brown has not indicated any Regional Conference. This convicted in a third trial. four charges, Judge French sen­ the furor his sentence had aroused willingness to issue blanket par­ represents an increase of a tenced Dr. Burbridge to the As though to punish the de­ since, he said, he had not read dons. However mounting concern half million this year and maximum penalty on each count fendants for the "trouble” they any papers. “I am only a fanner over the course of the trials is '‘good-sized increases” can — for a total of nine months in boy from Orange County,” he causing much soul-searching in are causing by refusing to plead be expected before Novem­ guilty, judges are imposing un­ prison. declared. numerous quarters for a way out usually harsh sentences. Penalties This savage sentence has After sentencing nine demon­ of the long drawn-out dilemma. ber due to the steady and of 30, 60, and even 90 days in brought a widespread reaction. strators to 50 days in jail, and a The San Francisco civil-rights often dangerous work of vo- jail are being imposed, plus fines The San Francisco Chronicle edi­ tenth to 70 days, Judge French movement has been temporarily ter-registration campaigners. o f up to $200. Fines must be torially condemned the sit-ins but returned home. The tenth was set back by the trials and sen­ However, the present total, worked out in jail at the rate of declared that Dr. Burbridge’s June White, an official of the tences; but the inevitable reaction still represents only 38.6 per $5 a day if they are not paid. Most severe sentence “supports the NAACP. Her heavier sentence will be a new wave of protests cent of the number of South­ judges are offering probation but suspicion he is being punished for continues the pattern of impos­ of an even more militant charac­ ern Negroes who should be about half the defendants are re­ the office he holds, for doing his ing harsher penalties on Negro ter. This is what disturbs many eligible to vote. fusing it, feeling that to accept best to lead the civil-rights move­ leaders of the NAACP, CORE and officials in City Hall.