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1000-Årsriget 1000-ÅRSRIGET AF TONNY GULLØV www.McGUGL.company !1 1000-Årsriget Omslagsillustrator Stinne Fuglsbjerg Redaktør: Pernille Heegaard 2.udgave 2.oplag Bogen er sat med Helvitica Neue hos Forlaget McGUGL Bogen er trykt af CPI ISBN 978-87-92035-06-6 !2 Bøger skrevet af Tonny Gulløv Skyggeland Søvngængeren Regel no. 5 Den 6. Senator FC Galacticos - Den flammende vimpel Storken er landet Kommende bøger fra Tonny Gulløv En konges æt Storken vender tilbage FC Galacticos vol. II Information om forlaget McGUGL på: www.McGUGL.company !3 Om bogen: Bogomslaget på 1000-årsriget er tegnet af Stinne Fuglsbjerg. En ny men allerede prisbelønnet stjerne i kunstens verden. Se flere af Stinnes fantastiske tegninger på hendes facebookside. 1000-årsriget er min personlige fortolkning af Danmarks fødsel som nation. Bogen forsøger at tage hensyn til de meget upræcise teorier, der eksisterer om tiden før og under Gorm den Gamle. Ikke ret mange er enige om ret meget fra denne vigtige periode i Danmarkshistorien. Det gør jo ikke historien mindre spændende - tværtimod! Sted- og bynavne: Jeg har forsøgt at bruge de ældste udgaver af sted- og bynavne, hvor det har været muligt. Takkeliste til 1000-årsriget Jeg vil ydmygt takke alle de mange historikere (profes- sionelle som amatører) arkæologer, museumsansatte, og andre, der har besvaret mine mange spørgsmål. Jeg vil understrege, at evt. fejlfortolkninger helt og aldeles er mine. Særlig stor tak til: Pernille Heegaard - Redaktør Kristian Andersen Nyrup - Historiker Ea Stevns Matzon - Sorø Museum Peter Lawætz - Historiker Søren - Moesgårdmuseet Erik Rønnebech - Nordisk mytologi Kåre Johannessen - historiker/middelaldercentret. Susan M. Margeson - Historiker Finn Rasmussen - Historiker Stine Larsen - Historiker/Vikingeborgen Trelleborg Hans Ole Mathiessen - Historiker/Kongernes Jelling Søren Ravn - Sagnlandet Lejre Kim Nyborg - Sagnlandet Lejre Tania L. Jensen - Sagnlandet Lejre Anne Pedersen - Nationalmuseet Anne-Christine Larsen - Vikingeborgen Trelleborg !4 Bodil Holm Sørensen - Vikingemuseet Ladby/Østfyns Museer Anton Englert - Vikingeskibsmuseet i Roskilde Ute Drews - Vikingemuseum Hedeby Tekst, kilder og museer: Nationalmuseet: Udstillinger, bøger og rådgivning Vikingeskibsmuseet: Udstillinger, bøger og rådgivning Moesgård: Udstilling Vikingeborgen Trelleborg på Sjælland Vikingeborgen Aggersborg i Nordjylland Vikingeborgen Fyrkat i Nordjylland Vikingeborgen Nonnebakken på Fyn (Odense) Trelleborg i Skåne Kongernes Jelling: Udstillinger, bøger og rådgivning Ladby museet: Udstillinger, bøger og rådgivning Vikingemuseet - Moesgård i Århus centrum: Udstilling Vikingemuseet i Oslo - Udstilling Vikingemuseum Hedeby - Udstilling og rådgivning Grænseforeningen - Rådgivning Ibrahim ibn Ahmed at-Tartuschi: Tekst Ibn Rustah: Tekst Ibn Fadlan: Tekst Adam af Bremen: Tekst Saxo: Tekst Svend Aggersen: Tekst Roskilde krønikern: Tekst Lejrekrøniken: Tekst Vikingekonger af Peter Lawætz: Tekst Kristian Andersen Nyrup - Tekst/historisk udredning af Gormsagaen Widukind: Tekst Snorre Stuarlason - Heimskringla: Tekst Olaf Tryggvasons saga: Tekst Ottas rejse: Tekst Wulfstans rejse: Tekst Nordisk Mytologi - Tekst !5 Til Anette, Anna & William !6 Norden i år 940 !7 Europa anno 940 !8 Ordliste & Stamtræ A. Alabu: Ålborg Arôs: Århus Asgård: gudernes verden, hvor Valhal ligger B. Bartskærer: kirurg/tandlæge Birka: vikingeby i Sverige (Stockholmsområdet) Bjarmeland: landområde i Finland og videre nord Blót: ofring Blåmænd: sorte mennesker og arabere Bottenhavet: havet mellem Sverige og Finland Bosted: et par huse Bretland: Wales Brunanburh: et område i det nuværende Wales/Cumberland Bryde: godsforvalter/husbestyrer (den, der bryder brød til folket) Burgunda Holm: Bornholm Bygd: by opført i nærheden af vand C. Caerdydd: Cardiff, hovedstaden i Wales Carluel: Carlisle i Cumberland (England) Córdoba: nuværende Spanien Cumberland: landsdel i England (nordvest – mellem Skotland og Wales) Cymru: betyder Wales (navnet på Ulv Palnatokes klan) D. Dag: Dag er søn af jættekvinden Nat (skaber lys med Skinfaxe) Dane: dansker (iflg. den danske ordbog) Daner: flere danskere (iflg. den danske ordbog) Dyffryn Cudd: den skjulte dal (Cymruklanens bosted) Dupsko: beskytter sværdskedens spids Dyflin: Dublin E. Einvig: tvekamp til døden – uden regler Eljudne: Hels bolig (mørke borg) !9 F. Folkvang: Frejas bolig i Asgård, til dem hun modtager, der ikke kommer til Valhal Freja: kærligheds-, frugtbarheds- og krigsgudinde Frejasdag: fredag Frigg: Odins hustru-ægteskabets og moderskabets gudinde Friggsdag: fredag Fylking: en gruppe mennesker G. Genja: økse med meget langt skaft Gode: et religiøst overhoved Gondul: en af Odins fornemste valkyrier Gotland: ø ud for Sveriges østkyst (og navn for det nordlige Jylland) Grubehus: halvt nedgravet hus – til trælle eller værksteds- brug H. Hal: stort langhus med plads til mange (også mht. soveplads) Hardere: befolkning i Jylland (midt/vest) Hel: datter af Loke og jættekvinden Angerbode og søster til Fenrisulven og Midgårdsormen. Hellas: Grækenland Helhjem: hjemmet for dem, der ikke dør en ærefuld død Hellashavet: græsk del af Middelhavet Herfjøtur: en af Odins fornemste valkyrier Hird: en flok/gruppe krigere Hnefatafl: brætspil, hvor det gælder om at omringe mod- standerens brikker Holmgang: en tvekamp med bestemte regler Holmgård: Novgorod (Rusland) Hulbræt: WC-sæde Huskarl: gårdkarl og som regel hirdmand Hvide Krist: Jesus Hærvejen (Oksevejen): hjulspor, som går fra Hedeby (Slesvig) forbi Jelling til Viborg !10 I. Idavang: den smaragdgrønne slette bag Asgårds mure J. Jorvik: Byen York (England) K. Kimbrerne: folkeslag fra det nordlige Jylland Klerk: præst eller munk Knarr: lastskib med sejl og få årer. Kofte: tunikalignende dragt Kulpuster: smeden L. Langskib: stort krigsskib med årer og sejl Leire: Lejre (gammel kongeby på Sjælland) Lovsigermand: manden, som skulle huske ALT det, der blev vedtaget på et tingmøde, og genfortælle det Loke: er jætte og står for det udspekulerede, falske og drilagtige Lyre: røghul (før skorstenen blev opfundet) Låland: Lolland Løkk: en af Odins fornemste valkyrier Løfting: skibsdæk, hvor styreåren er Løverdag: lørdag (vaskedag) M. Madfælle: den, en hirdmand/sømand delte mad og drikke- varer med Maurer: muslimsk indbygger i det nuværende Spanien/ Portugal Margyge: kvindeligt havuhyre Midgård: verden, hvor mennesker lever (nordisk mytologi) Midgårdsormen: en kæmpe slange/drage (nordisk mytologi) Miklagård: Konstantinopel/Istanbul Mora: tingsted nær Uppsala, hvor kåringen af den svenske konge fra gammel tid fandt sted. Munin & Hugin: Odins to ravne, som fortalte ham, hvad der skete i Midgård Mundilfare: far til Sol og Måne !11 Måne: kører sin månevogn over himmelbuen og spreder mørke Månedag: mandag Måneskift: fra fuldmåne til fuldmåne (29-30 dage) N. Nat: spreder mørke med Rimfaxe Njord: styrer vejret, vinden, ilden og vandet Nidding: mand eller kvinde, der er dømt skyldig i en ugerning (niddingedåd) Nidhug: dragen, der gnaver af asketræet Yggdrasils rod i Niflheims brønd i Helhjem Nidstang: en stang af hassel med et afhugget hestehoved (trolddomsmiddel) Nidvise: en smædesang eller anden form for mundtlig bagvaskelse Nørvesund: Gibraltar O. Obotrit: vendisk og slavisk folkeslag Odin: gudernes leder – skabte de første mennesker i Midgård Odinsdag: onsdag Odins vi: Odense (et helligt sted/alter til at ære Odin) Onager: romersk katapult, som slynger sten P. Palnatoke: En dansk sagnfigur (fra Fyn) Picter: skotte Q. Qâdis: Cádiz (Spanien) R. Ran: havgudinde og gift med Ægir. Regnar Lodbrog (oprindeligt navn: Halfdansøn): en dansk vikingekonge – berømt/berygtet i udlandet Rimfaxe: sort hest, som spreder mørke for guden Nat Ripa: Ribe (by i Jylland) Rolf Krake: Dansk sagnkonge fra Lejre Roma: Rom (samt en del af Italien) !12 Romahavet: italiensk del af Middelhavet Rorgænger: personen, der styrer skibet med styreåren S. Sal: lille og mellemstort langhus Sax: langkniv/enægget sværd til kamp i skjoldmuren, hvor pladsen er begrænset Sachsere: fra den østlige del af Tyskland Sachsland: den østlige del af Tyskland Saksere: englændere Sejdkvinde/mand: troldkvinde/mand Siklø: Sicilien Sillende: Sønderjylland Silfraskalli: Fyns jarl/konge (betyder sølvernes skjold – herren af sølverne) Sjalvarstad: fynsk by (hvor sølverfolket stammer fra) Skinfaxe: hesten, hvis manke lyser og skinner over hele verden, når den bevæger sig hen over himmelen Skiringsal: Også kaldet Kaupang - vikingeby (Oslo) Skjoldborg: en mur og et tag af skjolde i 360 grader Skjoldmur: en række af skjolde, der overlapper hinanden med højre kant over venstre Skogul: en af Odins fornemste valkyrier Skyggevandrer: behersker mørkets kræfter Snekke: et mindre skib med både årer og sejl Solsdag: søndag Stad: by inde i landet. Stallar: en betroet kriger – en titel, som hædrer og giver magt (anføreren for hirden) Stavbærer: vølve – sejdkvinde/mand Stegerset: køkkenet Styreåre: roret på et skib Styrismand: anføreren på et skib Svealand: midterste del af det nuværende Sverige Sveer: østsvensker Svinefylking: en kileformet angrebsformation (skjoldmur, der angriber) Suyenborg: Svendborg Sol: datter af Mundilfare, kører solvognen over himmelbuen forspændt de to heste Alsin og Arvak Særkland: arabiske lande (Mellemøsten/det afrikanske !13 kontinent) Særimner: Odins gris, der lever i Valhal og leverer kød til ædegilderne T. Tandgnost & Tandgrisner: Thors to gedebukke, der trækker hans stridsvogn Tenja: økse med kort skaft Tese (uld): At adskille ulden (Inden man begyndte at karte ulden) Tor: tordenguden Tor – ældste søn af Odin Tors dag: Torsdag Trænid: en udskåret
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