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The Norse Influence on Celtic Scotland Published by James Maclehose and Sons, Glasgow
i^ttiin •••7 * tuwn 1 1 ,1 vir tiiTiv^Vv5*^M òlo^l^!^^ '^- - /f^K$ , yt A"-^^^^- /^AO. "-'no.-' iiuUcotettt>tnc -DOcholiiunc THE NORSE INFLUENCE ON CELTIC SCOTLAND PUBLISHED BY JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS, GLASGOW, inblishcre to the anibersitg. MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD., LONDON. New York, • • The Macmillan Co. Toronto, • - • The Mactnillan Co. of Canada. London, • . - Simpkin, Hamilton and Co. Cambridse, • Bowes and Bowes. Edinburgh, • • Douglas and Foults. Sydney, • • Angus and Robertson. THE NORSE INFLUENCE ON CELTIC SCOTLAND BY GEORGE HENDERSON M.A. (Edin.), B.Litt. (Jesus Coll., Oxon.), Ph.D. (Vienna) KELLY-MACCALLUM LECTURER IN CELTIC, UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW EXAMINER IN SCOTTISH GADHELIC, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON GLASGOW JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS PUBLISHERS TO THE UNIVERSITY I9IO Is buaine focal no toic an t-saoghail. A word is 7nore lasting than the world's wealth. ' ' Gadhelic Proverb. Lochlannaich is ànnuinn iad. Norsemen and heroes they. ' Book of the Dean of Lismore. Lochlannaich thi'eun Toiseach bhiir sgéil Sliochd solta ofrettmh Mhamiis. Of Norsemen bold Of doughty mould Your line of oldfrom Magnus. '' AIairi inghean Alasdair Ruaidh. PREFACE Since ever dwellers on the Continent were first able to navigate the ocean, the isles of Great Britain and Ireland must have been objects which excited their supreme interest. To this we owe in part the com- ing of our own early ancestors to these isles. But while we have histories which inform us of the several historic invasions, they all seem to me to belittle far too much the influence of the Norse Invasions in particular. This error I would fain correct, so far as regards Celtic Scotland. -
A Short Sketch of European History
Conditions and Terms of Use PREFACE Copyright © Heritage History 2009 Many European histories written for school use are too Some rights reserved long for careful study by young pupils during the necessarily limited time allotted to the subject. Many of them are overloaded This text was produced and distributed by Heritage History, an organization with details of battles and domestic politics which, although of dedicated to the preservation of classical juvenile history books, and to the importance in the thorough study of one country, have little or promotion of the works of traditional history authors. no influence on the general growth of Europe. It is very The books which Heritage History republishes are in the public domain and important that students should realize as early as possible that are no longer protected by the original copyright. They may therefore be reproduced the history of our islands has at all times been influenced by the within the United States without paying a royalty to the author. broader movements of European history, and in this book an endeavour has been made to give, succinctly, the main factors The text and pictures used to produce this version of the work, however, are the property of Heritage History and are licensed to individual users with some which have gone to the forming and developing of the various restrictions. These restrictions are imposed for the purpose of protecting the integrity European states from the fall of the Roman Empire to the of the work itself, for preventing plagiarism, and for helping to assure that Reformation, together with sufficient detail to enliven that compromised or incomplete versions of the work are not widely disseminated. -
Średniowiecze Polskie I Powszechne 5
REDNIOWIECZE Polskie i Powszechne Tom 1 (5) NR 2705 REDNIOWIECZE Polskie i Powszechne Tom 1 (5) pod redakcj¹ Idziego Panica i Jerzego Sperki Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu l¹skiego Katowice 2009 Redaktor serii: Historia Sylwester Fertacz Recenzent B³a¿ej liwiñski Publikacja bêdzie dostêpna po wyczerpaniu nak³adu w wersji internetowej: Central and Eastern European Online Library www.ceeol.com l¹ska Biblioteka Cyfrowa www.sbc.org.pl Treæ Wstêp (Idzi Panic, Jerzy Sperka) ............ 7 Wykaz skrótów instytucji, czasopism, publikacji, serii wydawniczych i wydaw- nictw ród³owych . ........11 Artyku³y i rozprawy Jakub Morawiec: Kontakty Olafa Tryggvasona z Jomsborgiem pomiêdzy legend¹ a historyczn¹ rzeczywistoci¹ . ........19 Fjodor Uspenskij: The Baptism of the Bones of the Princes Oleg and Yaropolk. (On the Interpretation of the Chronicle Entry of 1044) . 43 Dariusz Adamczyk: Miêdzy Kijowem a Gnieznem. Wybrane aspekty topografii i funkcji arabskiego srebra na ziemiach s³owiañskich w X i na pocz¹tku XI wieku . ................66 Sirpa Aalto: Band of Brothers The Case of the Jómsvikings . 80 S³awomir Pelczar: Wojny W³adys³awa Odonica z W³adys³awem Laskonogim w latach 12281231 . ........100 Jan Têgowski: Nowe ród³a do kwestii datacji objêcia rz¹dów na Rusi przez W³a- dys³awa Opolczyka . .............127 Katarzyna Niemczyk: Kilka uwag do genealogii El¿biety Pileckiej-Granowskiej i jej rodziny . 138 Jerzy Sperka: Nieznane fakty dotycz¹ce napadu na klasztor Paulinów w Czêsto- chowie w 1430 roku . ........152 Jana Grollová: Formování nauky o sedmi smrtelných høíích a její reflexe v díle Tomáe ze títného a Petra Chelèického . 177 6 Treæ Sobies³aw Szybkowski: O krêgu rodzinnym podkanclerzego Królestwa Grzego- rza Lubrañskiego . -
ICV20 A-Intro Stolt.Pub
Marcia Vexillum — vexillology and military marches Lars C. Stolt Vexillology and military music have many points in common. The military banners and colours being the visual signs in the battle field correspond to the audible signs repre- sented by the regimental calls and marches. The military marches have often established a connection with vexillological items as flags, banners and colours to the mutual advan- tage. Music instruments like bugles, trumpets and kettle drums are often provided with banners, and march titles often refer to flags and colours and their symbolic values. The internationally best known example of a march with flag connection is The Stars and Stripes forever. It was written by the American ‘march king’ John Philip Sousa, returning from Europe 1896 in the ship Teutonic. The march was born of home- sickness and conceived during Sousa's journey home. David Wallis Reeves, by Sousa called ‘The father of band music in America’, wrote in 1880 his Flag March, based on ‘The Star Spangled Banner’. Further American flag marches are Flag of America (George Rosenkrans), Flag of freedom (Frank Pan- ella), Flag of Victory (Paul Yoder), Under the Stars and Stripes (Frank H Losey) and Under One Flag (Annibale Buglione). The rich German march world presents many flag marches. The German ‘march king’ Hermann Ludwig Blankenburg offers several: Mit der Siegesbanner, Mit Parade- flaggen, Unter dem Friedensbanner, Unter Freudensfahnen, Unter Kaisers Fahnen, Unter Preussens Fahne and Unter siegenden Fahnen. Other German flag marches ema- nate from the well known composer Franz von Blon: Mit Standarten, Unter dem Sieges- banner and Flaggen-Marsch, the last mentioned having a title in the United States with another, more specific meaning: Under One Flag. -
17 Infidel Turks and Schismatic Russians in Late Medieval Livonia
Madis Maasing 17 Infidel Turks and Schismatic Russians in Late Medieval Livonia 17.1 Introduction At the beginning of the sixteenth century, political rhetoric in Livonia was shaped by the threat posed by an alien power: Following a significant deterio- ration in the relations between the Catholic Livonian territories and their mighty Eastern Orthodox neighbour – the Grand Duchy of Moscow – war broke out, lasting from 1501 to 1503, with renewed armed conflict remaining an immi- nent threat until 1509. During this period of confrontation, and afterwards, the Livonians (i.e., the political elite of Livonia) fulminated in their political writ- ings about the gruesome, schismatic, and even infidel Russians, who posed a threat not only to Livonia, but to Western Christendom in general. In the Holy Roman Empire and at the Roman Curia, these allegations were quite favoura- bly received. Arguably, the Livonians’ greatest success took the form of a papal provision for two financially profitable anti-Russian indulgence campaigns (1503–1510). For various political reasons, the motif of a permanent and general ‘Russian threat’ had ongoing currency in Livonia up until the Livonian War (1558–1583). Even after the collapse of the Livonian territories, the Russian threat motif continued to be quite effectively used by other adversaries of Mos- cow – e.g., Poland-Lithuania and Sweden. I will focus here first and foremost on what was behind the initial success of the Russian threat motif in Livonia, but I will also address why it persisted for as long as it did. A large part of its success was the fact that it drew upon a similar phenomenon – the ‘Turkish threat’,1 which played a significant role in the political rhetoric of Early Modern Europe, especially in south-eastern 1 This research was supported by the Estonian Research Council’s PUT 107 programme, “Me- dieval Livonia: European Periphery and its Centres (Twelfth–Sixteenth Centuries)”, and by the European Social Fund’s Doctoral Studies and Internationalization Programme DoRa, which is carried out by Foundation Archimedes. -
A Journey Into Christian Understanding
TWO THOUSAND YEARS WITH THE WORD BOOK TWO OF THE CHRISTIAN MISSION SERIES C. H. REN TWO THOUSAND YEARS WITH THE WORD BOOK TWO OF THE CHRISTIAN MISSION SERIES C. H. REN TWO THOUSAND YEARS WITH THE WORD FIRST EDITION Copyright @ 2000 by C.H. Ren ____________________________ Library of Congress Control Number: 99-76902 __________________________ ISBN 0-7880-1605-9 To Kelly CONTENTS Introduction 7 Chapter I: The Birth of Christianity (33 – 100 AD) 11 Historical Information 19 Chapter II: The Maturation of Christianity (100 – 312 AD) 25 Historical Information 33 Chapter III: A Christian Empire (312 – 726 AD) 37 Historical Information 47 Chapter IV: Division and Growth (726 – 1291 AD) 57 Historical Information 69 Chapter V: The Power that Corrupts (1291 – 1517 AD) 79 Historical Information 85 Chapter VI: Division and Reform (1517 – 1900 AD) 93 Historical Information 113 Chapter VII: Challenges to the Faith (1900 – 2000 AD) 133 Conclusion 159 Historical Information 161 References 175 INTRODUCTION Friends, in my first book, A Journey into Christian Understand- ing, we shared some of my thoughts on the essence of being a Christian. I thank the Lord for permitting the Holy Spirit to lead me through such a journey and share it with all of you. Now I invite you again with love and fellowship to join me as I continue this path of discovery. In this book we will explore how the Body of Christ, all the Christian churches, has grown in 2000 years since our Lord Jesus Christ offered the world the gift of God's truth through His sacrifice on the cross, which is the key to our salvation. -
Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P
Pedigree of the Wilson Family N O P Namur** . NOP-1 Pegonitissa . NOP-203 Namur** . NOP-6 Pelaez** . NOP-205 Nantes** . NOP-10 Pembridge . NOP-208 Naples** . NOP-13 Peninton . NOP-210 Naples*** . NOP-16 Penthievre**. NOP-212 Narbonne** . NOP-27 Peplesham . NOP-217 Navarre*** . NOP-30 Perche** . NOP-220 Navarre*** . NOP-40 Percy** . NOP-224 Neuchatel** . NOP-51 Percy** . NOP-236 Neufmarche** . NOP-55 Periton . NOP-244 Nevers**. NOP-66 Pershale . NOP-246 Nevil . NOP-68 Pettendorf* . NOP-248 Neville** . NOP-70 Peverel . NOP-251 Neville** . NOP-78 Peverel . NOP-253 Noel* . NOP-84 Peverel . NOP-255 Nordmark . NOP-89 Pichard . NOP-257 Normandy** . NOP-92 Picot . NOP-259 Northeim**. NOP-96 Picquigny . NOP-261 Northumberland/Northumbria** . NOP-100 Pierrepont . NOP-263 Norton . NOP-103 Pigot . NOP-266 Norwood** . NOP-105 Plaiz . NOP-268 Nottingham . NOP-112 Plantagenet*** . NOP-270 Noyers** . NOP-114 Plantagenet** . NOP-288 Nullenburg . NOP-117 Plessis . NOP-295 Nunwicke . NOP-119 Poland*** . NOP-297 Olafsdotter*** . NOP-121 Pole*** . NOP-356 Olofsdottir*** . NOP-142 Pollington . NOP-360 O’Neill*** . NOP-148 Polotsk** . NOP-363 Orleans*** . NOP-153 Ponthieu . NOP-366 Orreby . NOP-157 Porhoet** . NOP-368 Osborn . NOP-160 Port . NOP-372 Ostmark** . NOP-163 Port* . NOP-374 O’Toole*** . NOP-166 Portugal*** . NOP-376 Ovequiz . NOP-173 Poynings . NOP-387 Oviedo* . NOP-175 Prendergast** . NOP-390 Oxton . NOP-178 Prescott . NOP-394 Pamplona . NOP-180 Preuilly . NOP-396 Pantolph . NOP-183 Provence*** . NOP-398 Paris*** . NOP-185 Provence** . NOP-400 Paris** . NOP-187 Provence** . NOP-406 Pateshull . NOP-189 Purefoy/Purifoy . NOP-410 Paunton . NOP-191 Pusterthal . -
Discipline in Polish-Lithuanian Cavalry Units During Battles in the Early Modern Period1
Open Military Studies 2020; 1: 44–61 Karol Łopatecki* Discipline in Polish-Lithuanian cavalry units during battles in the early modern period1 https://10.1515/openms-2020-0104 Received Jul 13, 2020; accepted Sep 08, 2020 Abstract: Keywords: articles of war, military discipline, organization of cavalry, tactics in the 16th-18th c., desertion, old-Polish art of war The Polish and Lithuanian military in the modern period developed in a different direction from most European areas. First and foremost, it is emphasized that we did not deal with military revolution (it would be better to use the term “evolution”), which did not bring about the origins of a modern military-fiscal state on the territory of the Commonwealth2. This issue certainly requires comprehensive studies, since from at least the mid-17th century onwards, both on the military level as well as in the state organization, the Commonwealth coped well with strong enemies: the Teutonic Order (1519-1521), the Roman Empire (Austria) (1587-1588), the Kingdom of Sweden and the Tsardom of Moscow (1557- 1582, 1600-1629, 1632-1635) and the Ottoman Empire (1621, 1633-1634) 3. The research on transformations occurring in the 16th century indicate crucial changes in the military, but different from those developed in Western Europe. Among the differences it is important to name primarily the reliance on cavalry which fought with polearms and cutting weapons. Moreover, the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania lacked strongholds understood as large cities fortified with bastions4. These two elements, as well as deficiencies of the fiscal system, which were “patched” by complementing paid troops with private units, district troops and Mass Mobilization5, 1 The article was written as part of the research project of the National Centre for Science SONATA, no. -
Dinghy Courses Kirkwall
WORSHIP AT THE CATHEDRAL THIS SUMMER Services are held in St. Magnus Cathedral every Sunday at 11.15 am. Sunday 22nd June. Festival service: music by the Cathedral choir and the Scottish Chamber Orchestra Sunday 3rd August. Celebration of the Sacrament of Holy Communion Sunday 24th August Anniversary service to mark the 850th anniversary of the death of St. Rognvald Sunday 7th September Sacrament of Holy Communion: Science Festival service GRAPEVINE The magazine of St Magnus Cathedral Summer Edition 2008 Minister: Revd. Fraser Macnaughton Tel: 873312 Associate Minister: Revd. Christine Farrington Tel: 871859 Grapevine Editor: Sally Heddle Tel: 731285 EDITORIAL In this year, when we celebrate 850 years since the death of St Rognvald, founder of the Cathedral in which we are privileged to worship, it seems right that this edition of the Grapevine should focus on him, the Cathedral and the St Magnus Centre. Not one of us was around when the Cathedral was built, new members join us each year, and we welcome hundreds of visitors annually to the Cathedral and the Centre. This Grapevine tells some of the story of Rognvald and his building of the Cathedral. It also tells the story of a much later vision - the St Magnus Centre - an enterprise that needed the support of the whole community. I hope, for those of you who have the heard the first story so often and lived the second; that this magazine will still hold something new. For all who come to Orkney to worship with us and marvel at the beauty of our great Cathedral, I hope it offers a glimpse of more than just a marvellous building. -
Á Austrvega Saga and East Scandinavia
Papers from the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences 14 Á austrvega Saga and East Scandinavia Preprint papers of The 14th International Saga Conference Uppsala, 9th–15th August 2009 Volume 2 Edited by Agneta Ney, Henrik Williams and Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist in cooperation with Marco Bianchi, Maja Bäckvall, Lennart Elmevik, Anne-Sofie Gräslund, Heimir Pálsson, Lasse Mårtensson, Olof Sundqvist, Daniel Sävborg and Per Vikstrand http://www.saga.nordiska.uu.se Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2009 Eymundr, Ingigerðr, Yngvarr enn víðförli, Anunder a Ruzzia: Swedish Princes in Russia in the 11th Century Savva Mikheev According to the epilogue of the Yngvars saga víðförla Yngvar was a grandson of Olaf Skötkonung. Fiodor Braun (1910) suggested that the protagonist of the saga was a son of Emund the Old, the elder son of Olaf Skötkonung. His hypothesis was based on the Swedish runic in- scriptions mentioning sons of Emund and brothers Anund, Eric, Hakon, Yngvar and Ragnar (U 513, U 540, Sö 279). Brauns supposition accounts for the scale of the Yngvar’s campaign. Many runestones erected in Svealand were dedicated to its participants. Elena Mel’nikova (1976) suggested that Yngvar’s campaign should be dated 1043 when Vladimir, son of Yaroslav the Wise and Ingigerd, Olafs daughter, attacked the Greeks. Yng- vars saga mentions a warrior named Valldimar. It seems that Yngvar and his brother-in-arms Vladimir were cousins. Eymundar þáttr Hringssonar as well as Yngvars saga describes a campaign in the East with the Scandinavians involved in it. After several battles Emund stays in Russia as a local king. According to the prologue of the Eymundar þáttr Emund had Norwegian origin. -
Ambassadors to and from England
p.1: Prominent Foreigners. p.25: French hostages in England, 1559-1564. p.26: Other Foreigners in England. p.30: Refugees in England. p.33-85: Ambassadors to and from England. Prominent Foreigners. Principal suitors to the Queen: Archduke Charles of Austria: see ‘Emperors, Holy Roman’. France: King Charles IX; Henri, Duke of Anjou; François, Duke of Alençon. Sweden: King Eric XIV. Notable visitors to England: from Bohemia: Baron Waldstein (1600). from Denmark: Duke of Holstein (1560). from France: Duke of Alençon (1579, 1581-1582); Prince of Condé (1580); Duke of Biron (1601); Duke of Nevers (1602). from Germany: Duke Casimir (1579); Count Mompelgart (1592); Duke of Bavaria (1600); Duke of Stettin (1602). from Italy: Giordano Bruno (1583-1585); Orsino, Duke of Bracciano (1601). from Poland: Count Alasco (1583). from Portugal: Don Antonio, former King (1581, Refugee: 1585-1593). from Sweden: John Duke of Finland (1559-1560); Princess Cecilia (1565-1566). Bohemia; Denmark; Emperors, Holy Roman; France; Germans; Italians; Low Countries; Navarre; Papal State; Poland; Portugal; Russia; Savoy; Spain; Sweden; Transylvania; Turkey. Bohemia. Slavata, Baron Michael: 1576 April 26: in England, Philip Sidney’s friend; May 1: to leave. Slavata, Baron William (1572-1652): 1598 Aug 21: arrived in London with Paul Hentzner; Aug 27: at court; Sept 12: left for France. Waldstein, Baron (1581-1623): 1600 June 20: arrived, in London, sightseeing; June 29: met Queen at Greenwich Palace; June 30: his travels; July 16: in London; July 25: left for France. Also quoted: 1599 Aug 16; Beddington. Denmark. King Christian III (1503-1 Jan 1559): 1559 April 6: Queen Dorothy, widow, exchanged condolences with Elizabeth. -
Kinship Report for Roy Einar Christopherson
Kinship Report for Roy Einar Christopherson Kinship of Roy Einar Christopherson Name: Birth Date: Relationship: (Christopherson,Stephanie) First Cousin (Fearghal,King in Ossory Dunghal mac) 31st Great Grandfather (Hjaldursson,Veðra-Grímur) 31st Great Grandfather (Kjarvalsdóttir,Rafarta) 29th Great Grandmother (MacCRUNNMAIL,Faelain) 35th Great Grandfather (MacFAELAIN,Cu Chercca) 34th Great Grandfather Böðvar "breiðavað" 1230 20th Great Grandfather "barnakarl", Ölvir 30 Great Grandfather "barnakarl", Ölvir Abt. 810 AD Unrelated "barnakarl", Ölvir 840 AD 33rd Great Grandfather "bíldur", Önundur Abt. 900 AD Unrelated "eldri", Runólfur Þorsteinsson Abt. 1460 12th Great Grandfather "elsta", Guðrún Aradóttir Abt. 1772 3rd Great Grandmother "elsti", Vigfús Arason 18 May 1839 Twenty-Sixth Cousin 2x Removed "fullspakur", Þorkell Abt. 850 AD 27th Great Grandfather "GRAABARD", Guttorm Abt. 1090 Unrelated "háleygski", Grímur Abt. 860 AD Unrelated "hersir", Gormur Abt. 740 AD Unrelated "hjálmur", Þóroddur Abt. 890 AD 26th Great Grandfather "Hvamm-Sturla", (Þórðarson,Sturla) Fifteenth Cousin 21x Removed In Law "hvassi", Úlfur Abt. 830 AD 29th Great Grandfather "Jernside", King of Uppsala Sweden Björn Abt. 777 AD Unrelated "kjöllari", Ketill 670 AD 32nd Great Grandfather "lági", Steinólfur Abt. 840 AD 31st Great Grandfather "mjóbeinn", Þrándur Abt. 850 AD 28th Great Grandfather "mjóvi", Atli 820 AD 31st Great Grandfather "mjóvi", Oddur Abt. 910 AD 29th Great Grandparent "rauði", Sighvatur Abt. 845 AD Unrelated "reyðarsíða", Þorgils Abt. 780 AD 32nd Great