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PERSONS with DISABILITIES in INDONESIA Empirical Facts and Implications for Social Protection Policies

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PERSONS with DISABILITIES in INDONESIA Empirical Facts and Implications for Social Protection Policies September 2014 PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN INDONESIA Empirical Facts and Implications for Social Protection Policies Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo, Daniel Mont and Irwanto The mission of the National Team for the Acceleration of Poverty Reduction (Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan or TNP2K) is to coordinate poverty alleviation policies in Indonesia. As part of its tasks, TNP2K conducts and commissions research reports and studies with the objective of facilitating and informing evidence based policy planning (http://www.tnp2k.go.id). This work is a product of the staff of the Demographic Institute, Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K), the Government of Indonesia or the Government of Australia. Support for this publication has been provided by the Australian Government through the Poverty Reduction Support Facility (PRSF). You are free to copy, distribute and transmit this work, for noncommercial purposes. Attribution: Adioetomo, S.M, D. Mont and Irwanto. 2014. Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia: Empirical Facts and Implications for Social Protection Policies, Jakarta, Indonesia, Demographic Institute, Faculty of Economics, University of Indonesia in collaboration with Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K), Jakarta, Indonesia. To request copies of the report or for more information on the report, please contact the TNP2K - Knowledge Management Unit ([email protected]). The reports are also available at the TNP2K website. TNP2K Grand Kebon Sirih Lt.4, Jl.Kebon Sirih Raya No.35, Jakarta Pusat, 10110 Tel: +62 (0) 21 3912812 Fax: +62 (0) 21 3912513 www.tnp2k.go.id Cover Image: Joshue Estey All individuals photographed have consented to the use of their photographs in this publication. PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN INDONESIA Empirical Facts and Implications for Social Protection Policies Sri Moertiningsih Adioetomo, Daniel Mont and Irwanto September 2014 Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia: Empirical Facts and Implications for Social Protection Policies Contents Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... x Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... xi Acronyms and Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... xii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................. xiiiv Chapter I: Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................................................2 Rationale of the Study ................................................................................................................................4 Structure of the Report ...............................................................................................................................5 Chapter II: Disability Research Activity: Approach to the Study ...................................................................7 Part I: Secondary Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................8 Part II: Quantitative Survey: Survey on the Need for Social Assistance Programmes for People with Disability ...................................................................................................................11 Part III: Qualitative Survey .......................................................................................................................16 Chapter III: Legal Framework for Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia ....................................................19 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................20 Requirement to Be Physically and Mentally Sound ..................................................................................24 Exclusion from Inclusive Education ........................................................................................................24 Disability as a Reason to Terminate Employment and Family Relationships .............................................27 Disability as a Subpopulation with Social Problems ..................................................................................28 Accessibility, Mobility, and Community Participation ..............................................................................29 Latest Developments ................................................................................................................................30 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................................31 Chapter IV: Disability Prevalence and General Demographic Features .......................................................33 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................34 Prevalence of Disability ............................................................................................................................36 Characteristics of People with Disabilities ................................................................................................49 Summary .................................................................................................................................................55 Chapter V: Education .................................................................................................................................57 Education of People with Disabilities .......................................................................................................58 Programmes, Policies, and Barriers to Education ......................................................................................64 Chapter VI: Employment ...........................................................................................................................69 ii Contents Chapter VII: Poverty, Social Protection, and Health ...................................................................................85 Poverty and Disability ..............................................................................................................................86 Social Protection Programmes in Indonesia ............................................................................................105 Disability Issues in Social Protection for PWDs .....................................................................................115 Chapter VIII: Family and Community Life ..............................................................................................119 Conclusions ..............................................................................................................................................129 References .................................................................................................................................................133 iii Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia: Empirical Facts and Implications for Social Protection Policies List of Figures Figure 2.1 Study Area ..............................................................................................................................12 Figure 2.2 Design: FGD Implementation ................................................................................................15 Figure 2.3 Provinces and Districts Selected for FGDs and In-Depth Interviews .......................................15 Figure 4.1 International Classification of Functioning Model ..................................................................35 Figure 4.2a Disability Rate (%) by Age and Gender Using a Low Threshold of Disability, Riskesdas 2007 .......................................................................................................................42 Figure 4.2b Disability Rate (%) by Age and Gender Using High Threshold of Disability, Riskesdas 2007 .......................................................................................................................42 Figure 4.3a Disability Rate (%) by Area of Residence Using Low Threshold of Disability, Riskesdas 2007 .......................................................................................................................43 Figure 4.3b Disability Rate (%) by Area of Residence Using High Threshold of Disability, Riskesdas 2007 .......................................................................................................................43 Figure 4.4 Types of Illnesses Reported as Cause of Disability, SNSAP-PWD, 2012 .................................54 Figure 4.5 Types of Injuries Reported as Cause of Disability, SNSAP-PWD, 2012 ..................................55 Figure 7.1a Cumulative Percentage of Households with and without Disability by Expenditures,
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