Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Defense: Official Weekly Bulletin of the Office for Kentucky Library - Serials Emergency Management

9-3-1941 Defense Vol 2, No. 35 Kentucky Library Research Collections Western Kentucky University, [email protected]

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/defense Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, Labor History Commons, Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons

Recommended Citation Kentucky Library Research Collections, "Defense Vol 2, No. 35" (1941). Defense: Official Weekly Bulletin of the Officeo f r Emergency Management. Paper 28. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/defense/28

This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Defense: Official Weekly Bulletin of the Office for Emergency Management by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. zhs-

/ V:

OFFICIAL WEEKLY BULLETIN OF DEFENSE AGENCIES IN THE OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

WASHINGTON, D. C. SEPTEMBER 3, 1941 VOLUME 2. NUMBER 35

iiPRODUCTION .. to the limit of the Nation's resources''

(The foUowing statement was issued September 2 by the essentials, it must be kept in good running order and in more Supply Priorities and Allocations Board after its initial than stand-by condition. meeting:) To achieve this twin purpose, the Board will devise THE PRESIDENT established the Supply Prioritiea and promptly appropriate controls to assure equitable distribu Allocations Board to speed all-out defense. The Board real* tion of materials under a constructive system of priorities, izes the magnitude of its task. It recognizes as well that the basic purpose of which is to assure the wisest use of all success requires a vigorous, united effort on its part together our resources for the task at hand. with unstinted cooperation from the public in accepting cer Those materials, which may be hoarded in the cellars tain responsibilities necessary in the defense of our demo- and attics of certain industries and traders, will be routed cratic institutions. out and put to use where most needed in military and essential To hasten direct action along lines where action is needed, civilian production. In its allocations, the Board will con the Board today charted a general policy designed to broaden sider existing supplies which have been bought in anticipa and accelerate the defense program end to make it more tion of future requirements. Tiiis means, of course, that the immediately efTective Board will assemble complete, detailed, and accurate state ★ ★ ★ ments of requirements as to military and essential civilian SPECIFIC ACTIONS will be announced promptly and full needs to guide its application and enforcement of priorities. explanation given that there may be no doubt or confusion in It should be emphasized that the demands of military and the public mind concerning the Board's direction and desti essential civilian requirements of this hemisphere must be nation. equally recognized and adequately provided for in allocating Our general policy is simple. Production shall be stimu materials. lated and organized to the limit of the Nation's re ★ ★ ★ sources. Every available man and machine must be employed SCARE BUYING against imaginary requirements of the either on direct defense requirements or at work essential to future will be discouraged effectively. Real requirements are the civilian economy. Along this road lies protection of our too immediate and urgent for us to tolerate the slighest freedom and of the basic economy necessary to maintenance of diversion by speculators or others whose actions would destroy that freedom. our policy of share and share alike the burdens and responsi ★ ★ ★ bilities which confront us. WE MUST FOREGO the less essential that we may have The Board hopes to be able to announce by next week the an abundance of the more essential. By less essential indus means adopted to carry out this purpose. There will also be try is meant those industrial activities involving use of ma announced shortly a plan for conservation on a national scope terials and production facilities which sap supplies and of all scarce materials needed in defense production. machinery resources necessary to a realistic all-out defense ★ * ★ program. In some cases this may involve only a part of an THE GOAL our country must reach to perpetuate our free industry; in other cases it may involve several parts. Wher dom and to assure victory for all who share our democratic ever possible to convert the less essential to military or essen philosophy means sacrifice. But we must make certain that tial civilian production this will be done. Every means will be sacrifices are not imposed because we are wasteful; because employed to expedite this process with a minimum loss of we fail to look ahead or because proper use is not made of all time for men and machines. But the less essential must go. available materials, men, and machines. For this reason, it is This means cutting off the fat and hardening the muscles. the Board's intention to state publicly the basis of each im The Board holds that defense comes first, and while recog portant step taken, insofar as that may be done without affect nizing that the civilian economy must be stripped of non- ing our military security adversely.

410373'—41 ★ DEFENSE ★ September 3, 1941

Recognizing the importance of sci entific research in defense, the Priorities Review of the Week in Defense Division gave a high rating to equipment needed by research laboratories. Five preference orders were issued to restrict Two major OEM agencies were reor retraining of auto workers forced out by the distribution of six chemicals essential curtailed production. ganized last week by Executive order of to defense. Manila fiber and cordage the President to facilitate the fixing of Chairman William H. Davis, of the Na were placed under full priority control. tional Defense Mediation Board, stated at priorities and the allocation of materials Control of tungsten—vital to the and supplies to both defense and civilian a press conference that "the emergency manufacture of high-speed cutting industries. should not be used either to build up or tools—was tightened by joint order of Created was the Supply Priorities and tear down unions" as the board obtained Allocation Board. Vice President Wal two agreements and recommended terms the Divisions of Priorities and Civilian lace, who previously had been appointed of settling two other cases. Back to work Supply. head of the Economic Defense Board, was went 3,000 employees of U. S. Gypsum Co. appointed chairman. Donald Nelson, in 17 plants at the board's request. * ★ ★ formerly OPM Purchases Director, be came executive director, as well as Steps to save metal DEFENSE PROGRESS

Priorities Director in OPM. As the shortage of materials intensified MANPOWER Coordinating civilian and defense pri the need for conservation, substitution, United States Army. Aug. 29 1.578.400 ority allocations, the order created a and simplification, the newly created OPM Navy and Marine Corps, Aug. 1-. 340,931 Nonagrlcultural worlcers. July 39.241.000 Civilian Supply Division within OPM and Conservation Bureau asked bicycle man Percent increase since June placed its director, Leon Henderson, on ufacturers to reduce the number of 1940 10.8 Sixteen defense Industries. July. 2,541,000 models. the new board. The lend-lease program Percent increase since June was brought more closely Into the defense The OPM-sponsored campaign to ob 1940 53.7 organization by the appointment of tain more scrap metal from jallopies, FINANCE Harry L. Hopkins, special aide to the started In Ohio, prepared to move this^ Junt 1940-Ausuit )l, 1941{Pitllminaty) Authorized program $58,357,000,000 President, to the board. The 4-man week into Chicago.St. Louis, and Kansas' Army 24.607.000,000 OPM council makes up the remaining City, Mo. Navy 16.978.000,000 Other agencies 14,772.000,000 members. Price Administrator Henderson re PRODUCTION OPM reorganized leased a table of "fair maximum" retail prices for "regular" gasoline, advised July l9tC-Autu»l 31, 1941 {EtllmaltJ} Paid on contracts $7.242,000.000 OPM Director General Knudsen a day motorists to pay no more, and asked co Military aircraft In July 1.460 later announced that OPM will function operation of mayors in keeping prices at Combat vessels la July 20 Merchant ships In July 8 hereafter through six divisions—civilian those levels. supply, labor, materials, priorities, pro enJeJAu(uit!S Sbiku Worsen duction. and purchases—and predicted Adequate medical service Significant defense strike* in progress during week 9 39,400 the OEM reorganization will expedite The task of assuring adequate medical Number settled 8 20,900 defense production. services for civilian defense was tackled OPACS became OPA as its functions by the OfBce of Civilian Defense and the were restricted to price administration. Office of the Coordinator of Health, Wel The consumer division was retained, sind COMBAT VEHICLE OUTPUT fare, and Related Activities. all price schedules were continued in TflAkf, Stout C«rt and P«r«onnel Cdrrl«r» OCD issued the first of a series of pam (1941 compared with 1940) effect. phlets telling volunteer organizations JULT-DEC. The common interests of British and AVERAGE how to form emergency medical field 1940 < American labor became the keynote of units. Security Administrator McNutt a radio program on Labor Day when the JAN. President, the British Minister of Labor, disclosed plans for mobilizing physicians 1941 < Ernest Bevln, OPM Associate Director and dentists to meet unusual demands created by the defense effort. Hillman, and spokesmen for the AFL and FEB. i CIO spoke. The American Civil Defense Mission returned from a trip to England and re MAR. i Great Lakes ship stabilization ported to OCD Director LaGuardia on Meanwhile, the Great Lakes area was various phases of civilian defense em APRIL i brought into the Nation-wide wage-hour ployed in Britain. stabilization program of the OPM Labor The OCD and OPM jointly announced Division. that 6,700,000 pounds of "pots and pans." MAY 4 An emergency national committee on part of the metal donated in the recent automobile employment was set up to aluminum drive, had already been allo JUNE ( tackle the problem of reemployment and cated to smelters.

OFFICL^ BDIXETIN of the Office for Emergency Subscription rates by mall: 76< for 52 issues; 2St Management. Published weekly by the Division of for 13 issues; single copies 5<. payable in advance. Information, Office for Emergency Management, and Remit money order payable directly to the Superin printed at the United States Govemment Printing tendent of Documents. Oovemment Printing Office. Office, Washington, D, C. Washington, D. 0. September 3, 1941 ★ DEFENSE ★

for the amount to be allocated to auto- Supply Priorities and Allocations Board mobiies, railroad cars, refrigerators, building, typewriters, etc. The actual created; defense reorganized to conform administration of these policies by way President Roosevelt on August 28 or the board and also will serve as Diiector of issuance of priority certificates for dered the creation, within the Office for of the Priorities Division of OPM. Vice the various purposes, will be carried on through the appropriate divisions of Emergency Management, of a Supply President Wallace will be the Chairman. OPM. It Is. of course, not contemplated Priorities and Allocations Board. The The name of the enlarged board will board's duties will be to divide available be the Supply Priorities and Allocations that this Board actually will pass on materials, power, fuel, and other com Board. specific priority applications which are modities between military needs, de These seven men, subject to the gen filed by the thousands every week. That •will continue to be done in the Priori fense-aid needs and the total civilian eral policies enunciated by the Presi- needs of the United States; and to allo ties Division under Donald Nelson. cate supply among the different civilian Only broad policies and general regula uses. 0?M will administer the pro NEW OPM ORGANIZATION tions for priorities and allocations will be determined by the Board; and pur gram. Other related changes were made The OlEce of Production Man suant to these policies and regulations in the defense organization as outlined agement will hereafter function in the following statement from the through six divisions, William S. the actual day-by-day administration of White House: Knudsen. Director General, an- specific priorities will be carried out by The President today by Executive Or noimced August 29. the Priorities Division. der established machinery for fixing pri The divisions and their directors Donald Nelson has been appointed orities and allocation of the supply of ma are: Director of the Division of Priorities of terials, fuel, power, and other commodi CIVILIAN OPM. succeeding Edward Stettinius who ties of all fcinds in the United States. SUPPLY Leon Henderson has been selected by the President as The Executive Order takes cognizance of LABOR Sidney Hiihnan Lend-Lease Administrator. In this the fact that in many strategic materi MATERIALS William L. Batt capacity he will have administrative als. the priorities which must be given to PRIORITIES Donald M. Nelson charge of the Lend-Lease Program. the manufacture of materials for the PRODUCTION...W. H. Harrison Harry L. Hopkins will continue to serve Army and Navy and for the use of de PURCHASES-.-Douglas L. in a supervisory capacity, as Special fense-aid to Great Britain, Russia, MacKeachie Assistant to the President, over all de fense aid by the United States. Cliina, and the other countries resisting Commenting on the transfer of aggression, will necessarily create a John D. Biggers and Edward R. Civilian Supply Division shortage for civilian use in the United Stettinius to new posts. Mr. Knud States. sen and Mr. Hillman, Associate There is also set up in OPM a sepa Dividing available supplies Director General, said: rate division to be coordinate with the "We regret the transfer of existing divisions of OPM (procurement, The machinery set up, therefore, is Messrs. Biggers and Stettinius. who production, priorities and labor), to be charged with the duty not only of divid have done so much to get their re known as the Division of Civilian Supply. spective divisions organized, and ing the available supply of materials be The head of this division will be Leon we want to extend our sincere tween mihtary needs, defense-aid needs, Henderson. The function of this divi wishes for their success in their and the total civilian needs of the people new and important positions." sion will be to initiate the plans and of the United States: but also will equi programs for civilian allocation, which tably allocate the supply between the will be submitted through the Office of different civilian industries and users in dent, periodically and whenever neces Production Management to the new the United States. It also will have the sary, will fix the amount of materials Board of seven for final approval or power to determine the amount to be to be allocated to military needs, de amendment. allocated to the needs of economic de fense-aid needs, economic warfare In this way there will be brought to fense recently assigned to the committee needs, and total civilian needs. gether around one table the agencies of which Vice President Wallace is To be administered bjr OPM which have a major responsibility in Chairman. distributing the available supply of The instrumentality for making these In the general field of civilian needs, materials in the United States. The priority and allocation decisions, under this group will make policies and regu supply of materials will be allocated general defense policies laid down by lations for the allocation of the avail among military needs, defense-aid the President, is a board composed of able supply of materials between the needs, economic warfare needs and the existing Board of OPM, namely the different competing civilian industries civilian needs. At the same time the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the and users. To Illustrate, if the commod work of the Board will be closely tied-in ity involved is steel, tliis Board will Navy, William S. Knudsen and Sidney with production in OPM; for priorities determine upon policies and regulations Hillman, and three additional officials, and allocations are an essential part of under which steel will be allocated, first namely the Price Administrator, Leon the entire production process and can for materials required by the Army and not be regulated or administered in Henderson, the Special Assistant to the Navy of the United States, and then for dependently of production. President supervising the Lend-Lease the defense-aid needs, economic warfare Program, Harry L. Hopkins, and the needs and civilian needs. When the Board to sit with President Chairman of the Economic Defense total amount determined for civilian The Board will have jursldiction to Board, Vice President Wallace. Donald needs is ai-rived at, this Board will deter determine the total reQUlrements of ma Nelson will be the Executive Director of mine the policies and make regulations terials and commodities needed respec- ★ DEFENSE ★ September 3, 1941 tively for defense, civilian, and all other "Some dislocation" New Army agency begins purposes; and to establish policies for The necessities of granting priorities the fulfillment of such requirements, In materials of which there are present spread-the-work contracts and, where necessary, make recom shortages will result in some dislocation— The War Department announced mendations to the President relative in some shutdowns or curtailment of August 23 the authorizati(»i for the first thereto. work in some factories which manufac contract to be awarded upon advice of It Is expected that from time to time ture nondefense materials. The Office the Contract Distribution Division, re this Board will sit with the President. of Production Management is seeking to cently created In the Office of the Under The Board, of course, will have no alleviate the resulting hardships in two Secretary of War. This new agency, giv power to determine the distribution of ways: First, by promoting subcontract ing effect to an arrangement with the finished materiel—such as planes or ing and "farming out" of defense orders Navy Department and OPM. is designed guns or ships. Its jurisdiction will ex among smaller industries; and second, by to meet the vital two-fold problem of tend only to the materials, parts, ma helping nondefense plants place them distributing the defense load among chine tools, etc., required for their selves in a position to take defense or smaller producers so as to bring more manufacture. ders by minor changes in equipment and facilities into defense production and to machine tools. Office of Price Administratioa reduce widespread and disastrous unem The Labor Division of OPM has set up The function of price fixing will re ployment at plants whose normal output committees consisting of representatives main where It is now placed—in the has been shut off through emergency Office of Price Administration, and the of management, labor, and Government diversion of raw materials to defense name of the existing Office of Price to deal energetically with such situa needs. tions. Administration and Civilian Supply is The contract, calling for 1.000,000 cases changed to the Office of Price Admin for 37-minimeter shells, has been author istration. The personnel, records, etc. ized by the Chief of Ordnance for award PRICE AND CONSUMER now in the Office of Price Administra to the Aluminum Goods Manufacturing tion relating to civilian allocation will ACTIVITIES UNCHANGED Co. of Manitowoc. Wis. Tliis firm, em be transferred to the Office of Produc All price schedules issued by the ploying some 4,000 people, forms the chief tion Management to be located In the source of employment in the town; it Office of Price Administration and Division of Civilian Supply in the Office Civilian Supply remain In full faced an imminent shutdown due to the of Production Management. In this aluminum shortage and the priority con force and effect regardless of the way. the general policy governing change of name announced in the trol of this raw material. T^ie Aluminum civilian supply allocation has been Goods Manufacturing Co. formerly made President's Executive order of Au placed In this new Board and the gust 28. Leon Henderson, Adminis such articles as trays and tea kettles. function of price administration has trator of the Office of Price The Contract Distribution Division, been left in the old office of OPACS. Administration, announced Au headed by Lieut. Col. Ray M. Hare, will John D. Biggers, Director of the Divi gust 30. serve as a point of reference In the Office sion of Production In OPM, Is being sent At the same time Mr. Henderson of Under Secretary of War Robert P. Pat to London to work with the rank of Min explained that activities of the terson for interviews and correspondence, ister with W. Averell Harriman in their Consumer Division of the Office of but is directed to perform its functions by task of facilitating and expediting ma Price Administration will not be advice and assistance to the supply arms terial aid to the British Empire. affected by the transfer of civilian and services of the Army and their re Biggers' particular assignment will be allocation work to the Office of spective procurement offices in the field. In cormection with synchronizing British Production Management. These local district offices, and not Wash and American production. His experi "The Executive order," Mr. Hen ington, therefore continue to be the pri ence in OPM makes him imiquely derson said, "merely provides that mary points of contact for manufactui-ers equipped for this work. the title of the Office of Price Ad desiring defense contracts. He will return to the United States ministration and Civilian Supply from time to time to report, and to col shall be changed to Office of Price tk- * ★ laborate with Harry Hopkins and Edward Administration. It does not af Stettinius in carrying out the results of fect in any way the powers of the Military to replace amateurs his studies. agency in regard to price control. lodustry committees consolidated Consequently all price ceiling on 3800-3900 kilocycle band schedules issued and all other ac The various industry committees now Temporary cessation of amateur activi existing in OPM and OPACS will be con tion taken by this agency' under ties in the 3800-3900 kilocycle band, solidated: so that on questions of prior the prior name remain fully effec effective December 20 or sooner, if neces ities, allocation, and production, the tive under our new name." sary, was ordered by the Federal Commu various Industries of the country will Miss Harriet Elliott continues as have one unified contact with the Gov associate administrator of OPA, nications Commission pursuant to Its an ernment rather than a divided point of Mr. Henderson stated. In that ca nouncement of July 29 that frequencies contact. pacity Miss Elliott will continue to would be temporarily withdrawn from •nils new and expanded machinery direct the broad program of activ the amateur service to make them avail has been worked out in confei'ence, and ities which she has developed to able for the training of many thousands with the voluntary cooperation of OPM, protect the Interests of consumers of additional aircraft pilots in the large OPACS. the Secretary of War, and the during the emergency. number of new airfields thi-oughout the Secretary of the Navy. United States. September 3, 1941 ★ DEFENSE ★

PRODUCTION...

mond, Ind., and Pressed Steel Car Co.. 0PM tank unit loaned to Army to Chicago. An additional company, the Lima Locomotive Works at Lima, Ohio, arrange facilities for great expansion is scheduled to begin production of medium tanks this fall. The tank unit of 0PM is being loaned fense appropriation bill, passed by Con Light {13y2-ton) tanks are being made to the Ordnance Department of the War gress recently includes $2,888,980,486 for by the American Car and Foundi? Co. Department to assist In carrying out additional ordnance Items, including a at Berwick, Pa., and St. Charles. Mo. swiftly the greatly increased tank pro substantial sum for tanks. This firm recently compieted its l.OOO'.h gram requested recently by President Medium (30-ton) tanks are already being produced in quantity by the tank. Roosevelt. Chrysler Corporation, Detroit; American Other armored vehicles are in quantity Announcing this August 23, Production Locomotive Co., Schenectady, N. Y.; production by White Motor Co., Cleve Director Biggers, OPM, said the arrange Baldwin Locomotive Works. Chester, Pa.; land. Ohio; Diamond T Motor Co., ment would result in unified control of Pullman Standard Corporation, Ham Chicago, and Autocar Co.. Ardmore, Pa. tank production in this country for both the United States Army and the British. This unified supervision was agreed upon by OPM, the Ordnance Department First industry-wide request for reduction and British authorities as the best means of expediting the expanding tank pro of models goes to bicycle makers gram, which is expected to reach $1,000,- A voluntary program to conserve mate throughout an entire Industry by reduc 000.000-a-year proportions in 1942. rials and manpower for national defense tion of nonessential models. It was dis The tank unit, headed by W. W. by simplification of design, substitution cussed at a meeting the previous week Knight, Jr.. was formerly in the Ord of materials, and a reduction of the num between Mr. McConnell and bicycie nance Branch of OPM imder E. P. Jolui- ber of bicycle models has been requested manufactui-ers. parts suppliers, and re son. It is being made a part of the by the Conservation Bureau of OPM. tailers. It was generally agreed that the Ordnance Department's newly created In a letter sent to eleven bicycle manu plan is practicable and would be benefi Tank and Combat Vehicle Division facturers, Robert E. McConnell, chief of cial not only to the defense program but headed by Lt. Col. John K. Christmas. the Conservation Bureau, asked pro to tlie industry. The tank unit of the Ordnance De ducers to adopt the following measures: During the World War bicycle models partment formerly was a subdivision of 1. Reduce the number of models to a were reduced to three, and such features that Department's Artillery Division. maximum of 10 for each manufacturer. The number of models presently being as fancy bars, stands, truss type forks, Army men gratified turned out ranges from about 20 to as and so forth, were eliminated. It was estimated that 2,265 tons of steel were The loan of OPM's staff of production many as 40. Juvenile and racing mod men was welcomed by MaJ. Gen. C. M. els, under this program, probably will be saved by such eliminations and simplifi Wesson, Chief of Ordnance, who wrote discontinued. cation of models. The bicycle industry produced a record Mr. Biggers as follows: Metallic decorations eliminated "I wish to express my appreciation to number of approximately 1,325,0C0 bi 2. Eliminate all chrome, copper, nickel, you and Mr. Knudsen for arranging cycles with an approximate value of and metallic finish for decoration. No things so that the Ordnance Department $25,000,000 during 1940. It is estimated estimate is available of the possible sav will have the services of this highly com that there are about 10.000,000 bicycles ings of these materials but it is expected petent group in connection with the in operation in the country today. to be considerable. tremendous tank and combat vehicle 3. Reduce the average weight per program." ★ * ★ bicycle by 10 percent of the average Col. Christmas also expressed gratifl- weight of 1940 models. This will be ac cation at the aiTangement. complished largely by the removal of Stocking makers urged to order "The greatly expanded tank program nonessential equipment and decorative is a big job." he said, "and the OPM is nylon in 30 and 40 denier sizes trim. lending us exactly the additional assist 4. Substitute reclaimed rubber for raw The special joint OPM-OPACS Com ance we need—experienced business and rubber wherever possible. production experts. I am sincerely modity Section on Silk announced August 5. Eliminate white sidewall tires. It thankful for this help." 27 that hosiery manufactui-ers using is estimated that the elimination of white nylon can help to alleviate the situation sidewall tires will reduce the consump Will arrange added facilities caused by the cessation of silk Imports tion of rubber in the bicycle Industry by by ordering nylon In 30 or 40 denier sizes The unit loaned by OPM will be about 20 percent. concerned especially with arranging for only. It was explained that a temporary additional facilities to handle the In last war there were 3 models situation exists under which these types increased tank program. This program represents the first di can be made available in larger quantities The first supplemental national de rect action by OPM to effect savings than any other denier sizes. ★ DEFENSE ★ September 3, 1941

PRIORITIES ... Producers must accept defense orders and Health supplies made eligible for A-10 rating put them ahead, under new basic regulation To assure a plentiful flow of essential health supplies into civilian channels, as A series of broad rules and regulations he may also issue binding instructions re well as for military uses. Priorities Di which will apply to priorities orders and garding deliveries, without assigning preference ratings. rector Stettinius announced August 25 actions was issued August 28 in a new (3) Any person who has defense or the Health Supplies Rating Plan. basic document—Priorities Regulation ders on hand must so schedule his Accompanying the order which puts No. 1—by OPM Priorities Director production that deliveries imder defense the plan into effect Is a list of fourteen Stettinius. orders will be made on the dates required. categories covering medical, surgical, and Most important provision of the regu (4) Delivery dates specified in defense dental essentials necessary to public health to which an A-10 rating may be lation is that which requires all manu orders must not be earlier than required. assigned. This list was drawn up by the facturers and producers to accept defense (5) Any allocations of material or dered by the Director may be made with Health and Medical Committee of the orders (subject to a few specific limita out regard to preference ratings which Federal Security Agency, the Office of tions) even if acceptance of these orders may have been assigned to deliveries Price Administration and Civilian Sup will prevent, or delay, deliveries on non- under particular contracts or purchases, ply, and the Health Supplies Section of defense orders or defense orders with and in such cases specific allocations will the Office of Production Management, In lower preference ratings. take precedence over individual pref consultation with the Army and Navy Munitions Board. Defense orders are defined and a re- erence rating certificates or blanket Qulrement that defense orders be ac ratings. Must write for form (6) Intra-company deliveries, except cepted is set forth In a six-point formula. when otherwise specified, are to be sub A manufacturer wishing to avail him self of the assistance offered by this This formula is similar to that which ject to the same restrictions which may appeared for the first time In the pig- apply to inter-company deliveries. plan should make written application to the Health Supplies Section. Office of iron priority order, but it is now pro (7) Accumulation of excess inventories Production Management, Washington, vided that the requirement applies to all is prohibited. D. C., for Form PD-79. "Report of Re manufacturers, producers, distributors (8) All records reqim-ed to be kept by priority orders are to be open to audit quirements for Scare Materials," and at and dealers, in whatever category. and inspection by representatives of the same time file a complete list of all the finished articles he manufactures To be cited by number in future orders OPM. (9) Any person making willful false which may be covered by the plan. Since the new regulation lays down a statements may be deprived of deliveries In order to qualify under the plan, a genei-al framework for priorities com of material; in cases where such action producer must manufacture one or more pliance, future orders issued by the Di is warranted, the Director may also of the articles appearing on the Health vision will merely cite Regulation No. 1 recommend prosecution under section 35 Supplies List. If the manufacturer's application is granted, the priority rating and will not repeat the full text of the of the Criminal Code (18 U. S. C. 80), of A-10 will be assigned to his orders requirements. ★ * ★ for those scarce materials which be has However, the specific provisions of been unable to obtain. If his supplier in any existing or future order issued by the Warehouse receipt transfers tiu'n requires the assistance of the same Director of Priorities will control when rating to make possible his delivery to in conflict with the general provisions of permitted for raw milk the producer, the order may be extended Regulation No. 1. In the absence of to assure ultimate delivery. All exten such a conflict, Regulation No. 1 will al E. R. Stettinius, Jr., Director of Pri sions of the order carry the same rating, ways be applicable to any priorities order. orities, issued August 27 an interpreta- A-10. Summary of provisions tfon of General Preference Order M-22, The list of health supplies to which issued on July 26, 1941, which froze all this order currently applies is as follows: The following is an informal summary supplies of raw silk. 1. Adhesive plasters: 2. Anaesthesia of major provisions of the new regu While the order prohibits the physical apparatus and supplies; 3. Biologicals, lation: delivery of raw silk from one person to antitoxins and serums; 4. Clinical ther <1) The regulation provides a system another, or from one location to another, mometers; 5. Diagnostic instruments; 6. under which any defense customer for the official interpretation explains that Hospital laboratory equipment and sup any material, who is unable to place his changes of title by transfers of negotia plies; 7. Hospital operating room equip order satisfactorily, or whose delivery is ble warehouse receipts is permissible, ment; 8. Hypodermic syringes and nee delayed, may bring this matter formally provided no change tabes place in the dles; 9. Instruments (surgical & dental); before the Director of Priorities who will custody or location of raw silk stocks. 10. Medicinal chemicals (limited to me take appropriate action. This interpretation will facilitate the dicinal use only); 11. Rubber hospital (2) Tlie Director may assign pref balancing of their accounts by owners of sundries; 12. Sterilizers, hospital; 13. erence ratings to orders which have been warehouse stocks of raw silk. It does not Surgical dressings: 14. X-Ray equipment placed or which have not been placed, and affect raw silk in the possession of mills. and supplies (medical and dental). September 3, 1941 ★ DEFENSE ★

A-2 rating given to 2 alcohols, 2 potassium compounds, and research laboratories toluene put under full priority control The great importance of scientific re search to the defense program and to The Priorities Division on August 30 The amendment further provides for the public at large was given official rec took six actions affecting the distribution the assignment of the B-8 rating until ognition August 30 in an order signed of certain chemicals essential to national September 30. 1941. on deliveries of syn by E. R. Settinius, Jr., Director of Prior defense. thetic resins molding powder to radio ities, granting the high defense priority Five new General Preference Orders manufactiirers in an amount not ex rating of A-2 to equipment needed by were Issued. These place under full ceeding 75 percent of a manufacturer's research laboratories. mandatory priority control all supplies requirements, for molded radio cabinets The Priorities Division has secured of ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, potas for September, if these requirements the assistance of the National Academy sium perchlorate, potassium permanga were covered by firm order on or before of Sciences in the operation of the new nate and toluene. August 23. 1941. Research Laboratories Supplies Plan. It further permits, until September 30, The Academy will advise upon applica Formaldehydes, resins under fall control 1941, radio manufacturers who produce tions from laboratories for assistance In addition to these new orders, an their own synthetic resins molding pow under'the plan. amendment was issued to General Pref der to use up to 75 percent of the amount A laboratory experiencing difficulty in erence Order, M-25, which placed the scheduled prior to August 23, 1941, for securing essential materials, and wish formaldehydes and synthetic resins made September use. ing to qualify for the A-2 rating, should from them under full priority control. apply to the Chemical Branch, Office of The two alcohol orders provide that Production Management, Washington, defense orders for these products must * ★ ★ D. C., on Form PD-88. be accepted, and shall be assigned a pref erence rating of A-10, unless a higher Manila fiber and cordage Can extend to tnbsapplier* rating is specifically assigned. Both of The preference rating may be ex the alcohols are essential to the making under full priority control tended as far as necessary to assure ulti of explosives, and methyl alcohol has fur mate delivery of scarce materials to the ther uses in the plastics which may be Manila fiber and manila cordage were laboratory. A laboratory, when apply used as substitutes for metal parts In placed under full priority control on ing for the rating, should specify the airplanes. August 30 by the Division of Priorities number of copies of the order which The same preference rating of A-10, to conserve the available supply and im will be necessary to enable its suppliers and the requirement that defense orders ports of this fiber for vital national de to serve them upon their own subsup- be accepted, apply to the two potassium fense needs. pliers. No extensions of the rating to compounds. Potassium pei'chlorate is The order sets up three classes of cord suppliers will be made directly by the used in making flares for aviation and age—Class A, the best grade; class B, next Priorities Division. This must be done ordnance use. Potassium permanga best grade: and class C, which must con by the laboratory Itself. nate Is essential as a purifier for metal tain no more than 50 percent mft-niia In the event that the laboratory finds alloys, which are, of course, of vital im fiber—and stipulates that manila fiber Itself unable to obtain some essential portance in the defense program. material with the A-2 rating, it should may only be processed for these three uses. file an application with the Priorities Toluene assigned A-10 The better classes of manila cordage— Division on Form PD-1. If the research Toluene Is used in making TNT and Class A and class B—may only be proc project is deemed of sufficient impor DNT, high explosives essential In the essed for sale or delivery to certain speci tance, the Priorities Division will issue military field. There is a great demand fied uses, the order provides. These uses an individual preference rating certifi for this product from the governments of are: cate. assigning a higher rating to a par foreign countries whose defense the Defense orders; marine use for ships, ticular delivery of specified material. President has deemed essential to the towing, commercial fishing, and on in defense of the United States, and from land waterways; oil lines—for use as drill ★ ★ ★ the Army and Navy. This, together with ing cables, catlines, spinning lines, and the huge quantities of certain grades of torpedo lines; mining—for use for hoist toluene used in the lacquer and vamlsh Deadline past, some reports ing and transmission of power. Industries, has created a scarcity. of pig-iron inventory lacking Ttie A-10 rating is wsigned to all de Class C cordage may be sold without liveries of toluene under defense orders, restriction, and therefore, will be available Consiuners of pig iron who have not yet which must be accepted and filled ahead for civilian uses. Since it contains only filed their required Inventory reports on of all other orders. 50 percent manila fiber, it will not inter form PD-70 must do so Immediately, It fere with conservation. For radio cabinets—B-8 was said August 25 by the Iron and Steel Manila fiber (abaca) is grown only in Branch of OPM. The amendment to the formaldehyde the Philippine Islands. It is essential for Under the terms of the pig iron order, order assigns a rating of B-4 to deliveries naval rope and for other defense purposes. consumers of the metal were required to of synthetic resins essential to the civil There is a shortage of manila fiber for file Inventory reports by August 15. ian articles enumerated in Classification these purposes and stockpiles held by the A number of these reports have not yet 1 of the original order, and the rating of industry and by Federal agencies are to been received. B-8 to those in Clasificatlon 2. be Increased. ★ DEFENSE ★ September 3, 1941

PRICES AND CIVILIAN SUPPLIES ... listed are higher than those prevailing Fair maximum retail gasoline prices August 1. In these cities price wars were causing unusuaUy low prices and corre quoted by OPACS as dealers boost margin spondingly reduced dealer margins on that date. It is not the policy of the Moving to provide price standards for more generally in the past few days than OPACS to Insist on the continuation of the protection of motorists and service in other areas. such distress prices. This Is in line with station operators during the period of The retail prices listed for each city the policy of helping the small operator to curtailed gasoline supply in the North are the aggiegate of the following three remain in business during the present eastern and Middle Atlantic States, a cost factors: (1) the tank wagon price difficult period. table of fair maximum retail prices for now being charged by major oil com The prices listed for Richmond, Phila "regular" gasoline In 40 major cities in panies: <2) State and Federal taxes now delphia, New York City, Bostbn and most this area was made public August 28 by in effect; and (3) a uniform dealer mar other Massachusetts cities are lower than Leon Henderson, administrator. Office gin of four cents per gallon. those now being charged by most dealers. of Price Administration and Civilian For most of these cities the retail prices In those cities motorists may properly Supply. listed are those which prevailed August 1. expect service-station operators to bring Action was taken following widespread The current upswing had not started on prices down to those listed and should increases in retail prices. These in that date. In a few cities the prices urge the operators to do so. creases. which have ranged from one to two cents per gallon, result from a widen Tank wagon prices not raised ing of dealers' margins and not from in FAIR MAXIMUM RETAIL The tank wagon prices used in making creases In the tank wagon prices at which SERVICE STATION PRICES up the retail prices are those which have suppliers sell to service stations. The "Regular" gasoline prevailed for the past several months. .situation developed as an outgrowth of The major companies have an Informal the 10 percent curtailment of gasoline {Dealer's margin fn each case is 4 cents) agreement with OPACS not to raise these supplies in the Atlantic coast area. This tank wagon prices without prior consul curtailment, in turn, has resulted from Fair tation with that agency. The compa increased use of tankers moving oil prod maxi Tft*6S nies, in accordance with that understand Tank mum ucts from the Gulf for transport of State Location wagon retail and ing. have not raised their tank wagon price service gasoline destined for Great Britain. Federal station prices. price Many prices expected to be lower State and Federal gasoline taxes added in determining the retail prices are fixed The retail prices tabulated by OPACS Cenlt CmU Cen(> Portlaad, Maine... 9.6 5.6 19.1 by statute and are not affected by the are designed to serve as a guide to both Maiicbest«r, N. B.. 10.6 5.5 20.1 Burlington, Vt JO. 3 5.5 19.7 current demand-supply situation. motorists and service-station operators. Boston, Mass 9.2 4.5 17.7 The dealer margin, or the difference They are the maximum prices which Worcester. Mass... S.8 4.5 18.3 between what the dealer pays and what motorists should pay. It was expected Sprlngflcld, Mass— 10.1 4.5 18.9 9.2 4.5 17.7 he sells for, of 4 cents per gallon is con that in many cases initial prices will be Cambridge, Mass-. Fail River, Moss... 9 3 4.5 17.8 sidered reasonable at this time. This below those listed, particularly over the New Bodford, Mass. 9.7 4.5 18.9 SomerTille, Moss... e.2 4.5 17.7 margin is lower than that now prevailing Labor Day week end. Lowell, Mass 9.7 18.2 in most areas where increases in retail On the one hand the tabulations will 4.5 Pittsfipld, Mass.. . 9.B 4.5 18.3 prices have occurred in the last few days, enable motorists buying gasoline in these ProvidenM, R. I-.. 9.3 4.5 17.8 Hartlord, Conn 9.9 4.S 18.4 but is higher than the margin prevailing 40 cities to determine whether advantage New Baren, Conn. 9.3 4.6 17,8 in many cities prior to curtailment of is being taken of them by dealers. It is Bridgeport, Cocm.. 9.3 4.5 17.8 supplies. hoped that motorists will protest vigor New York, N. Y... 9 4 S.5 ]8.e Biiflalo, N. Y 9.5 5.5 19.0 This margin of four cents is believed ously against prices higher than those Rochester, N. Y 10.1 5.5 19.6 Byrflcuse, N. Y 9.8 5.5 19.3 listed for these cities. Motorists are in justified by the lower volume of sales on vited to report by letter to OPACS any Yonkers, N. Y.„.. 9.4 5 6 18,9 which stations will have to operate as Albany, N. Y...„. B.2 5 5 18.7 cases in these cities where they are Ctica, N. Y 10,2 5 5 19.7 long as supplies are curtailed. However, Newark, N. J 9.0 4.5 17,5 it is not Intended to serve as a standard charged more for "regular" gasoline than Jersey City, N. J... 9.0 4.5 17.6 the prices listed. Prices for grades other when the emergency Is over. Patofson, N. J...... Q.O 4.5 17.5 than "regular" gasoline are expected to be TrentoL, N. I. 9.0 4.5 17.5 Mr. Henderson urged all motorists to Catuden, N. J 9.0 maintained at their normal differentials. 4.5 17.6 familiarize themselves with the prices for Elizabeth, N. J ... 9.0 4.5 17.5 PhiladelpDia, Pa... 9.0 5.5 18.5 their areas as listed. Those traveling be Coverage to be extended Pitisburgb, Pa..... 9.5 5.5 10. 0 tween cities along the Eastern seaboard It is planned to extend coverage of the Scninton. Pa 9.5 S.5 19.0 Erie, Pa 9.5 5,5 19.0 should carry with them a copy of the table of pi'ices as rapidly as possible Boauing, Pa 9 6 5.5 19.0 price list. "The first step in preventing Haajlton, Pa 9.5 5.5 19.0 to smaller cities in the Atlantic coast area unjustified increases." he said, "is a prop though for the most part these will con Wilmington, Del .. 9.0 5.5 18.5 Baltimore, Md 8.75 6.5 18.2 erly informed consuming public. To form to the prices for the nearest large Wflslilngtoa, D. 0.. 9.0 S.5 16.5 day's action places In the consumer's Sicbaiond, Va..... 9.5 6.5 20.0 city. This will be done flj-st for cities Norfolk, Va 9.25 S.5 19.75 hands the Information essential for hli in Massachusetts where prices have risen own protection." September 3, 1941 ★ DEFENSE Ik-

Henderson acts to control OPACS moves to spread wastepaper stocks, industrial solvent prices overcome circumventions of price pacts Producers, dealers, and purchasers ot Industrial solvents were asked August 30 Agreements designed to relieve an un OPACS field Investigators to be con by Leon Henderson, Administrator, Office balanced distribution of wastepaper sistent with existing trade practices. of Price Administration, not to raise stocks In the East, which already has Circumventioas developed prices on these chemicals above the July forced some consuming mills in that area 29, 1941 level without prior consultation to close down, were announced August In the face of these agi-eements, there with the OPA. 27 by OPACS. developed in certain trade quarters meth ods designed to circumvent the maximum Price schedules are now being pre Twenty-seven companies consuming prices. Among these methods were the pared for a number of these products. large quantities of wastepaper have imposition and payment of "special serv It is unlikely that the schedules will be agreed individually with OPACS to al ice charges" which were not in effect on above July 29 prices as reported in repu low wastepaper dealers or brokers under June 16; adoption of new names for ordi table trade journals and in some cases commitment to them to divert waste- nary grades of wastepaper, thus creating xnay be lower than prices then prevailing. paper supplies to other mills whose in new price classes; or even the buying Among the solvents involved are ace ventories are dangerously low. Accord and selling of one grade or type of waste- tone, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ing to the understanding, each mill per paper under a billing providing for a methyl acetone, ethyl acetate, normal mitting such diversion first must have different and more expensive type. and secondary butyl acetate, dibutyl an adequate surplus inventory for its By these means and others certain phthalate, methyl alcohol of all grades, own requirements. wastepaper dealers have consistently at ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and At the same time, OPACS made public tempted to force consumers to pay more normal and secondary butyl alcohol. a telegram which has been sent to ap proximately 60 wastepaper dealers and than the prices determined by OPACS and the wastepaper dealers themselves ★ * * about 20 wastepaper consuming com panies in the East calling attention to to be fair and reasonable. Pipe line given right their previous individual agreements not Where resistance has been encoun to charge or bid more for the three basic tered from consumers seeking to conform of eminent domain grades of wastepaper than the prices to their agreements with OPACS, sup as of June 16,1941, plus differentials and plies in some cases have been diverted or President Roosevelt has authorized the charges then in effect. No additional withheld, thus creating an unbalanced builders of the Plantation pipe line, which charges are to be imposed, the message inventory situation that has forced some will run from Baton Rouge, La., to near said. plants to close for want of wastepaper. Greensboro, N. C., to exercise the right Alleviation of this dangerous condi of eminent domain in obtaining rights- Misunderstandings cleared up tion is expected to follow the latest un derstandings, which were reached at a of-way. Acting Defense Petroleum Coor Because of certain misunderstandings meeting with the twenty-seven large dinator Ralph K. Davies announced that of the situation. OPACS Administrator this application of the Cole Act is ex Henderson undertook to clarify in de consuming companies on August 22. Names of the Eastern companies pected to permit completion of the proj tail the various steps taken by his office agreeing to emergency diversion follow: ect, which is designed to deliver 60,000 to stabilize the wastepaper market. to 90,000 barrels of petroleum products These steps follow: Port Orange Paper Co., New York; New daily, in December. According to oil In Haven Pulp & Paper Co.. New Haven; Robert 1. On June 18, 1941, Individual son Paper Box Co., Montville. Conn.; United dustry spokesmen. It will release 10 or States Gypsum Co., CWcago; Container Cor more tankers which will therefore become understandings to abide by wastepaper poration oJ America. Manayunk, Pa.; United prices prevailing on June 16th and the Paperboard Co., New York; Congoleum Nairn available to help relieve the shortage in Co.. New York; 3, Austin Bicklng Paper differentials and charges then in ef the North Atlantic States. Manufacturing Co., Downingtown, Pa.; fect were reached at a meeting with Downingtown Paper Co,. Downingtown. Pa.; The Rubberold Co.. New York; Robert Galr ★ ★ ★ Eastern wastepaper dealers. Co., New York; National Folding Box Co., 2. These understandings were reaf New Haven; Schmidt & Ault Paper Co., Yorl:, firmed at a further meeting July 25, Pa.; Johns-ManvUle Co., New York; Flint- Tanker Control Board formed by kote Co., New York; Atlas PublishiDg Co., with the effective date of the agree New York; ReUIy & Co., Easton. Pa.; Kieck- ments extended to October 1. hefer Co., New York; Federal Paper Board oil coordinator, Maritime chief Co.. Inc., Bogota, N, J,; International Paper 3. At a meeting on August 8, 20 Co.. New York; Clifton Paperboard Co., Clif The formation of a Tanker Control prominent wastepaper consuming ton. N. J.; Celotex Corporation. Chlcsgo; Board to coordinate the operations and Certain-Teed Products Corporation, New companies in the New York area York; Barrett Co., New York; Continental use of American oil tankers was an agreed Individually with OPACS not Paper Co.. Ridgelield Park. N. J.; McEwan nounced jointly August 27 by the offices Bros.. Inc., Whlppany, N. J.. and The Hem to bid more for wastepaper than the ingway Co., Philadelphia. of Defense Petroleum Coordinator Har prices previously agreed upon between Mr. Henderson pointed out that al old L. Ickes and Admiral Emory S. Land, OPACS and individual wastepaper most unanimous adherence to similar Chairman of the United States Maritime dealers in that area. agreements has been obtained by OPACS Commission. It was understood that prices f. o. b. from wastepaper dealers and consumers The duty of the Board will be "to coor truck should be SO cents per ton less in the Middle West, with result that no dinate all effort bearing on the allocation than the f. o. b. freight car prices previ mill in that area has been compelled to and utilization of tankers owned or con ously announced for the Eastern ai'ea, shut down because of shortage in sup trolled by American companies." Tills differential was determined by plies of wastepaper. ★ ★ September 3, 1941 10 DEFENSE

given to the fact that cottonseed is the Speculative disruption of fat, oil prices source of the only unpledged income of a large number of small producers. To banned; cotton relieved of "threat" day's action will permit them to sell this year's crop at prices which represent a Special action designed to eliminate cottonseed is a 'cash crop,'" Mr. Hender fair and proper relation to other fata speculative practices that tend to dis son stated. "Supplies of fats and oils are and oils or oil bearing products.** rupt the price structure of the entire ample, but because of speculation and Fictitious price system forbidden fats and oils field was announced August hoarding over recent months, the spectre 29 by OPACS Administrator Henderson. of shortage has made its appearance. As An unsettling influence on prices has At the same time he withdrew an a result, prices have been influenced ar been the offering of fats and oils or their earlier statement by his ofBce that ceil tificially to the detriment of the public products by a seller through a broker, ing prices would be placed on cottonseed interest and the defense effort. subject to the seller's confirmation. oil. If action becomes necessary in face "Continued Instability in the prices of Brokers have arranged such sales, only of a runaway price situation it will cover these vitally important commodities can to have the seller refuse to confirm the both cottonseed oil and competing prod only serve to contribute to inflation." transaction. The Intended price, having ucts. Mr. Henderson stated that no been circulated in the trade, has been such situation was now expected. 1,800 important fats and oils taken as an actual price and quotations The August 29 action, which takes the There are approximately 1,800 fats and throughout the market have been ad form of Schedule No. 25, "Elimination of oils (excluding mineral, essential and justed to a new, though artificial level. Speculative and Inflationary Price Prac chemical oils) that are essential to a wide In section 1343.4 of the new schedule, tices" in fats and oils and their products, range of industrial and domestic uses. practices of this kind are forbidden. was arrived at after intensive study by Their annual consumption (referred to An advisory panel, which will include OPACS in the course of which consulta as "disappearance") in the United States representatives of crushers, refiners, tion was had with cotton planters, cot exceeds 9,000.000,000 pounds. Excluding manufacturers, processors, and distrib tonseed crushers, sellers and consumers butter, which Is not affected by the new utors (Including retailers) of all of the of the various oils and fats. Commodity OPACS schedule, the "disappearance" of products involved, as well as representa Credit Corporation, the Department of fats and oils in 1940 was close to 7,500,- tives of the consuming public, will be Agriculture, the Federal Tariff Commis 000,000 pounds. Over 96 percent of this appointed by OPACS to consider any sion, and the Department of Commerce. huge total was made up of 16 major forms, hardships, inequities or other problems of which the most important are lard, arising from operation of the schedule Four corrective measures cottonseed oil, and Inedible tallow and and any adjustments, modifications or Four corrective measures are contained grease, all of domestic origin. Following supplements that may be warranted. In the schedule as follows: these leaders in order of their relative Fats and oils have increased more 1. Purchases of fats and oils purely "disappearance" are coconut oil, linseed in price in recent months than most for the purpose of speculative resale at oil, marine animal oil (whale oil. men other food commodities and corrective a profit are prohibited. This provision haden oil, sardine oil. codliver oil, etc.), measures will be Instituted as a supple- does not apply to futures trading on soybean oil, palm oil, corn oil, tung oil, ment to the August 29 schedule should organized commodity exchange for edible tallow, peanut oil, castor oil. olive there be any indication of a further run hedging purposes or to purchases or oil, babassu oil. and perllla oil. away situation. sales in the course of recognized man ★ * ★ ufacturing and distributing functions. "Threat" removed from cotton oil 2. Deliveries against forward pur "Because of its economic importance Ceiling put on three types chases must be completed within 45 to the Cotton Belt and the key jposltinn days of commitment. However, for It holds in the food industry, cottonseed of domestic animal hair ward sales of crude oils by crushing oil has been the subject of close atten mills are specifically excluded, as are tion from ray oflBce for some time past," Ceiling prices on three types of do forward sales of imported oils and fish Mr. Henderson said. "The sharp price mestic animal hair used in high-grade oils. advances of the winter and early spring mattresses are established in a price 3. "Guaranties" on the part of sell led to a threat of ceiling prices at levels schedule announced August 16 by ers of fats and oils or their products considerably lower than those prevailing OPACS. against future price declines are elimi at the time. This warning served to sta Maximum prices of 45 cents a pound nated, with the exception that whole bilize cottonseed oil prices over the weeks and 8 cents a pound, respectively, are salers, jobbers, and retailers are al preceding the season when new run seed set for domestic washed cattle tail hair lowed to obtain such guaranties as begins to flow to the crushing mills. In and domestic processed winter hog hair, regards their floor stocks. tensive study of the problem, including while a top price of $60 a ton is fixed for 4. A device sometimes employed to exhaustive field investigations, has made domestic coil dried winter hog hair. circulate fictitious price quotations in it clear, however, that ceiling action on The schedule does not apply to hair the trade is outlawed. cottonseed oil which did not extend lo of these types when imported from a "Through these measures, which have competitive fats and oils would be unwise foreign country. the support of the trade, we hope to be and also discriminatory. Domestic cattle tail hair and winter In a position to cope successfully with a "Since new run seed is now beginning hog hair, processed and curled, are used type of speculation that, if not brought to flow to the mills, it is desirable that in mattresses by the Navy and by nu under control, might affect adversely the threat of specific action directed merous public Institutions. Stimulated both our civilian population and that toward cottonseed oil be removed. In by heavy demand, prices for this hair part of our farm population for which this connection consideration has been have become excessive. September 3, 1941 ★ DEFENSE ★ 11

Amendment clariiies SCRAP CEILING TO BE Auto junking drive to reach lake copper's status ENFORCED STRICTLY 3 more areas this week It was announced August 28 that a A campaign to increase the junking Such misunderstanding as may have mandatory priority order for iron and arisen over the status of lake copper in of worn-out automobiles and thus pro steel scrap would be forthcoming within the copper price schedule is eliminated vide additional scrap iron and steel the next several days and strict enforce by an amendment announced September needed urgently for defene production ment of the iron and steel scrap schedule 2 by OPA. will be extended this week to the Chi would begin on September 2. The an In the amendment an exact specifica cago, St. Louis, and Kansas City areas, nouncements were made at a meeting of tion for lake copper is added to appendix the Office of Production Management scrap brokers and dealers and repre A and it is stipulated that the same de announced August 30. sentatives of steel mills and foundries livery differentials shall apply to lake At meetings in the three cities. Gov called jointly by the OPM and the Office copper as are provided for electrolytic ernment officials will appeal to automo of Price Administration and Civilian copper. bile wreckers and scrap dealers to strip Supply. Prior to issuance of the copper price derelict cars now in their yards of salable The scrap priority order, which will be schedule. lake copper sold at a small parts and scrap the bodies and engine issued by OPM, will follow the funda premium over electrolytic copper In the blocks immediately. mental principles contained in the pig Connecticut Valley and at a slight dis Government officials attending the iron priority order, and, in effect will count below electrolytic in the Chicago forthcoming meetings will Include R. H. provide for a "kitty" based upon a per area. By placing electrolji;ic and lake Ridgway, assistant to R. C. Allen, deputy centage of the scrap made by users of copper on the same basis at all points, chief of the Ii'on and Steel Branch of steel and the amount of scrap flowing operation of the priorities order of 0PM OPM in charge of raw materials, and through dealers' hands. In addition, a was facilitated. Maj. E. T. Butler of the Army and Navy special emergency pool, moderate in size, The schedule also has been changed Munitions Board. will be established with scrap originating so as to place casting copper on an The schedule of meetings follows: from Government sources. f. 0. b. refinery basis, instead of a deliv Leon Henderson, OPACS administra Chicago—Sherman Hotel, 1 p. m.. Wednes ered Connecticut Valley basis, thus rec day, September 3, with automobile wreckers ognizing prevailing industry practice tor, said that scrap ceiling prices had and scrap dealers from northern lUinois, In been widely Ignored in recent weeks, a cluding Peoria. William Homer Hartz, co and preserving the differential between ordinator of OPM's Defense Contract Service electrolytic and casting coppers. condition which must be corrected. at Chicago, will preside. St. LouU—Statler Hotel, 2 p. m.. Thurs A further refinement of the schedule ★ ★ day. September 4. with automobile wreckers is embodied in a change of the word * and scrap dealers from southern IIUdoIs, "bought" to "acquired" in that section south of Peoria, and eastern Missouri. Harry B. Wallace, coordinator for the De dealing with prior commitments. By Scrap schedule amended fense Contract Service at St. Louis, will this change dealers may apply to OPA preside. The iron and steel scrap schedule has X'anscu City—Mueblbach Hotel. 1 p. m.. for permission to complete less-than- been amended to add Cincinnati as a Friday, September 5, with automobile carload lot sales at higher than ceiling wreckcrs and scrap dealers from Kansas and basing point, establish net f. o. b. line western Missouri. Kenneth A. Spencer, co prices where the copper Involved was prices for "rerolling" rail on certain rail ordinator of the Defense Contract Service at Kansas City, will preside. purchased in carload lots prior to July roads, and provide uniform shipping 1, 1941, but was delivered on or after point prices at various Gulf ports, ★ ★ ★ that date. This will protect dealers in OPACS announced August 27. such a position from inventory loss. By adding Cincinnati, OPACS now has Cadmium producers willing Provision also is made under the provided basing points for the major amendment to allow completion of cer scrap consuming areas in the United to keep 90- and 95-cent prices tain firm commitments beyond Decem ber 31,1941, through application to OPA. States. Major producers of cadmium have in The amendment having to do with dicated to the Office of Price Adminis ★ * * "rerolling" rail permits railroads not op tration their willingness to continue to erating in a basing point to sell such rail sell that metal at prices not above 90 Rayon allocation extended f. 0. b. lines at the average price of their cents a pound for sticks and 95 cents a f. 0. b. lines sales during the period from pound for anodes, in the case of direct The Division of Civilian Supply of the September 1, 1940, to January 31, 1941. sales to users, and to sell to dealers at Office of Production Management an Rerolling mills may absorb all transpor discounts which v;ill permit resales to nounced August 30 a l-month extension tation charges necessary to obtain de consumers at not above 90 cents and 95 had been approved for those phases of livery of the rail. This permission to ab cents. Administrator Leon Henderson the civilian allocation program for announced August 30. sorb freight applies to reroUing mills rayon yarn, as amended, wliich other Prices above these levels are considered only, since in no case may rails of re wise would have expired on August 31. excessive and consumers are requested rolling quality be diverted for melting The extension to September 30, 1941, not to pay them. purposes. was approved by Leon Henderson, as If cadmium is needed urgently and administrator of the Office of Price Ad The term "rerolling" is applied to a cannot be obtained at 90 cents a pound ministration and Civilian Supply, before tjrpe of scrap rail which is reprocessed for sticks and 95 cents a pound for President Roosevelt directed transfer of by the mills into reinforcing bars. This anodes, Mr. Henderson suggested that the civilian supply functions of OPACS product is in great demand for heavy consumers communicate v/ith the Office to OPM. construction of all kinds. of Production Management. ★ DEFENSE ★ September 3, 1941 12

LABOR... Shipbuilding stabilization complete for U. S. Discrimination complaints to be heard on West Coast in October with wage and no-strike pact for Lakes Hearings on complaints of discrimina Nation-wide stabilization of the ship month intervals thereafter, provided liv tion against minority groups in defense building industry for the duration of the ing costs have changed 5 percent or employment on the West Coast will be emergency was completed, Associate Di more. held in Los Angeles, October 1 and 2. rector General Hillman announced Au On April 23, the Great Lakes Ship the President's Committee on Pair Em- gust 29. with ratification by the Great building Zone Conference, with Walter plojTnent Practice announced August 28. Lakes Metal Trades District CouncU T. Fisher as chairman, met in Chicago Similar hearings will be held later in (AFL) of zone standards approved for for preliminary discussion of standards. New York City and Chicago. Dates have Standards drafted by a subcommittee the Great Lakes district by the OPM, not been set. were approved by the full conference on the Navy, and the Maritime Commis Five of the six members of the com July 11. In accordance with the policy sion. The ratification was signed by mittee have indicated they will attend— of OPM's Shipbuilding Stabilization John J. Murphy, president of the District Mark Ethridge, Earl Dickerson, David Committee, the labor organization with Council, and submitted to Morris L. Sarnoff, Milton P. Webster, and John Cooke, chairman of OPM's Shipbuilding the majority of organized workers in Brophy, sitting for Phillip Murray who Stabilization Committee. the region represents labor in the draft ing of zone standards. Consequently, is ill. Covers new ships and repair the labor representatives on the Great DiscriminatioD reported in several areas The zone agreement, similar to pre Lakes Conference subcommittee were vious pacts effected in the Pacific, At named by the Metal Trades Department The committee revealed that it had lantic and Gulf Coast regions, covers of the AFL. received reports of discriminatory hiring working conditions on new ship con ★ * ★ practices in several areas, including the struction and repair in the Great Lakes West Coast aviation industries. In open area. In addition to the creation of Building Stabilization Board sessions, the committee will hear com grievance machinery for union members, plaints from organizations and individ the agreement also bans strikes and members announced uals and then hold conferences on the lockouts. Associate Director General Hillman. problems presented with the Govern Provisions of the agreement are: OPM, announced August 26 the three ment's training, labor supply, and em 1. A basic hourly wage of $1.12 for members of the Building Trades Stabili ployment agencies in that area. standard first-class mechanics, with cor zation Board of Review established by Col. P. J. McSherry, director of OPM's responding percentage increases for all the July 24 agreement between the Gov Defense Training branch, told the com other hourly paid employees. ernment and the AFL building and con mittee that he is immediately placing 200 2. Time-and-a-half pay for more than struction trades engaged in defense new Negro trainees in West Coast schools 8 hours in 1 day or more than 40 hours work. in anticipation of future needs resulting in 1 week, and for all Saturday work. John Coyne, president of the AFL from changed employment policies on the Double time for Sundays and holidays. Building and Construction Trades De part of some defense industries. 3. Shift work to be permitted, with a partment, was designated by that or 40-cent premium for second and third ganization. Committee takes New York cases shift workers for each full shift period. James P. Mitchell, chief of labor rela The committee on August 27 associated 4. Restriction of the use of "premium tions of the construction division, OfBce men." Premiums now being paid for of the Quartermaster General, was itself with the recommendations of the special skills above basic mechanic's named to represent the Interested Gov Council of Personnel Administration that wage will be maintained, but the num ernment agencies. the President send a directive letter to ber of premium men or the amount of J. Douglas Brown, chief of the OPM's each of the 32 Government agencies and the premium will not be increased with Labor Priorities section, was designated departments instructing them to comply out ofBcial Navy and/or Maritime Com by OPM. with the President's executive order of mission approval. The Board's function is to adjust dis June 25. The order bans discrimination 5. Establisliment of machinery for ad putes arising under the agreement. The in Government employment as well as justment of grievances and arbitration agreement also specifies that in a dis in defense industries. of disputes. pute involving a particular Govern Complaints of discriminatory prac 6. A ban on strikes and lockouts. mental agency, that agency may desig tices by four companies in New York 7. A guarantee against limitation or nate a representative as a temporary City were certified to the committee by curtailment of production. member of the Bdard for the mediation OPM after that agency failed to effect 8. Provision for training all types of of the dispute. a change in their employment policies. workers. The agreement provides for the stabi Chairman Ethridge and executive secre 9. Standards to be in effect for two lizing of working conditions and pledges years and "thereafter by mutual agree against work stoppages "on account of tary Lawrence Cramer were instructed ment." Basic wage rates to be adjusted jurlsdictional disputes or for any other to prepare these cases for action by the at the end of the first year and at six- cause." committee. September 3, 1941 ★ DEFENSE ★ 13

17 named to paper, pulp National committee on auto empIo3mient labor advisory committee asks immediate survey of local conditions Associate Director General Hillman, OPM, last week Invited 17 representatives Formation of an emergency national Defense Contract Service will propose the of APL unions in the paper and pulp committee on automobile employment negotion of contracts, waiving the industry to a meeting in Washington on within OFM's Labor Division was an usual bidding procedure, or other meth September 4 to discuss problems arising nounced August 26 by Associate Director ods of awarding defense jobs for the from the curtailment of certain materials General Hillman, to cooperate with labor plants or industries affected. used by the industry. and industry committees on reemploy- Representatives sent at once The APL ofBciais, together with repre ment and retraining of workers for de sentatives yet to be named from other fense jobs, and to carry out field opera The committee is sending its repre international unions in the industry, will tions in local dislocations as they arise. sentatives to Detroit and other automo comprise the OPM labor advisory com Eric Nicol, associate chief of Labor bile centers at once to prepare the ground mittee on paper and pulp. Supply Branch, and former industrial work. Although no immediate widespread relations and personnel adviser for large Employment Service regional direc labor dislocations in the industry are industries in Philadelphia and elsewhere, tors, now serving as active chairmen of expected, the union officials are con was designated by Mr. Hillman to head the recently created regional Labor Sup cerned about other problems, such as the committee. Robert Barnett. also of ply committees, will head and carry out the difficulty encountered in obtaining the Labor Supply Branch, is executive the Government operations necessary to new machines and metal for repairs. secretary. registering, retraining, and reemploying Military necessities have also cut down the displaced workers. This is in ac the supply of chlorine used in processing Immediate survey planned cordance with programs as proposed by certain kinds of paper. In the printing The committee, made up of represent the United Automobile Workers, CIO, industry, shortages of lead, copper, and atives of the defense activities of the and by AFL unions in the industry. zinc are being felt. United States Employment Service, and First attention will be given to one- The AFL representatives named to the of the Labor Relations, Priorities. De industry localities where automobile in committee are: fense Training and Training Within In dustry work predominates and no defense dustry branches of the Labor Division, Pulp and primary paper industry contracts have yet been placed. Auto held its first meetings August 25 and 26. mobile parts plants, which are major International Brotherhood ol Pulp. Sul An immediate survey, to determine the phite, and Paper Mill Workers: John P. Burke, industries in many small cities, will be president; H. W. Sullivan, first vice president; extent and location of the immediate given equal attention with the big assem R'ed Morris, sixth vice president. furloughs and lay-offs to result from the International Brotherhood ot Paper bly centers of the industi-y. Makers; Arthur Euggins, president; Joseph production cut in the industry, was de Addy, secretary-treasurer; Paul L. Phillips. cided upon by the committee. The re * ★ ★ Printing Trades; John B. Haggerty, chair man, board of governors (Alternate: Boris gional labor supply committees of OPM's Shishkln, American Federation of Labor); Labor Division will make the survey, AFL auto representatives C. V. Ernest. through the facilities of the United States Converted paper products industry Employment Service, which has direct invited to Washington contact with the industries and plants International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sul Associate Director General Hillman, phite. and Paper Mill Workers; John involved. Sherman, fifth vice president; Harriet Wray; OPM, last week Invited five representa Earl Taylor. Action to be on local and regional levels tives of AFL labor unions in the auto International Printing Pressmen and As sistants' Union of North America: C. V. Through local cooperation of manage mobile industry to a meeting la Ernest, ment and labor, the operations will be Washington September 3 to discuss un International Brotherhood of Paper Makers: Arthur Huggins. conducted on community and regional employment and other labor problems International Brotherhood of Bookbinders: levels as much as possible, by promoting arising from the curtailment of passen John B. Haggerty. president. ger-car production. American Federation of Labor: Boris registration of workers in employment Shishkin. offices prior to their layoffs, and the * ★ ★ Printing, publishing, and allied industries establisliment of necessary special train ing courses to open up new opportunities International Typographical Union: C. M. 9S percent of stocking mills Baker, president. for reemployment. International Printing Pressmen and As Mr. Hillman announced that Informa sistants' Union of North America: C. V. have cut week to 40 hours Ernest. tion on pending and prospective labor International Brotherhood of Bookbinders: displacements, as fast as it is obtained Associate Director General Hillman, John B. Haggsrty. OPM. reported August 28 that 98 to 99 International Photo Engravers' Union of through Employment Service channels, North America: E. J. Volz. president. will be sent to the Priorities Branch of percent of the Nation's hosiery mills have International Stereotypers and Electro- the Labor Division, and forwarded to limited their shifts to 40 hours per week typers' Union of North America: Leo J. Buckley, president. the Defense Contract Service to guide per worker, in accordance with an OPM Lithographers' International Protective and it in its subcontracting and farming-out request which followed the freezing of Beneficial Association of the United States and Canada: William J. Riehl. president. activities. Under this procedure, the Japanese silk imports. American Federation of Labor: Boris Priorities Branch will certify to the De "This is very gratifying, and I hope Rhighlrin International Brotherhood of Pulp. Sul fense Contract Service that labor Is that the few mills working 48-hour and phite and Paper Mill Workers: Raymond threatened with loss of jobs, because of 50-hour shifts will soon fall in line to Leon. material shortages, in certain nondefense make this action unanimous," Hillman International Brotherhood of Paper Makers; Arthur Hugglos. plants, industries, or communities. The said. 14 ★ DEFENSE ★ September 3, 1941

MEDIATION BOARD ... an agreement was reached between the Car and Foundry dispute settled; American Car & Foundry Co. of Chicago, 111., and the United Automobile Workers Gypsum strikers return to work of America, CIO. The hearings began on August 27 before a panel consisting The National Defense Mediation to the Board within 30 days after his of Walter T. Fisher for the public; Rrf)ger Board last weelc (August 25-31) obtained appointment. The panel, composed of liapham for employers and Hugh Lyons an agreement settling the issues in one Dr. Prank Graham for the public, for employees. case, made recommendations in two Charles Adams for employers, and Emil A strike of 600 employees on July 10 others, and received certiilcation of one Rieve for employees, will then reconvene was called off at the request of the Board new dispute. the hearings and attempt to settle the and the men returned to work on August dispute by agreement. Palling this, the AlamiDum Co. of America 22 a few days after the case bad been Board will then make recommendations. On August 27, after 4 days of hearings, certified. The dispute arose over the An interim recommendation issued company's wage incentive program. a panel, headed by William H. Davis earlier in the case denying the union's The terms of the agreement, which is representing the public, with Cy Ching request for a master agreement covering subject to ratification by the union mem and James B. Carey representing all 17 plants and recommending that bership, were not made public. employers and employees respectively, both company and union representatives The new case certified to the Board issued interim findings and recommend come to Washington for the negotiation ations in the dispute between the Alumi involves the Haskell and Barker plant of of separate plant contracts had been ac num Co. of America and the Interna the Pullman Standard Car Mfg. Co. at cepted by the union and rejected by the tional Union of Aluminum Workers of Michigan City, Ind., and the Brother America, CIO. A threatened strike that company. hood of Railway Carmen, APL. A hear would have affected 5 plants of the com On August 30 at 2:30 in the morning, ing is scheduled for September 8. pany and involved about 18.000 workers, had been postponed at the request of the Board. The dispute arose over de Filling of civiliain cutting-tool orders mands by the union that the wage dif ferential between the northern and permitted if defense does not suffer southern plants of the company be abol Two orders affecting the production ished, and that the afternoon and night eral Preference Order E-2, that where and delivery of cutting tools were issued Immediate compliance with a higher shift workers at the company's New August 31 by the Priorities Division, Kensington, Pa., plant be granted a 10- preference rating would interfere with OPM. work in actual production, compliance cent per hour bonus. The recommendations provide for the Supplementary Order E-2-a supple may be deferred (except with respect to appointment of a special representative ments and supersedes General Preference orders bearing an AA rating) until com to investigate these Issues and report his Order E-2. the original order Imposing pletion of that stage of production in findings to the Board by October 11. priority control on distribution of cutting which the work in process finds itself at When the report has been received the tools. the time the higher rating preference becomes available, provided that the de Board will resume consideration of the The new order, unlike the original, per Issues to try to effect a settlement by mits the acceptance and filling of non- ferment does not exceed 10 days. agreement. Palling agreement, recom defense orders, provided that production Materials order changed mendations will then be made by the and deliveries of defense orders are not The second order in the cutting tools Board. Paul R. Hays of the New York prejudiced. It covers regular, as well as field. Preference Rating Order P-18-a, State Mediation Board has been named special cutting tools, and assigns a pref supersedes Preference Rating Order P-18. as the Board's agent. erence rating of A-10 to all defense or It is a limited blanket rating order issued ders to which a higher rating has not United States Gypsum Co. to manufacturers of cutting tools, assign been specifically assigned, and requires Recommendations issued August 28 by ing an A-l-a rating to facilitate their that deliveries of tliese tools be made In the Mediation Board on the dispute be procurement of certain listed materials to accordance with preference ratings. tween the United States Gypsum Co. and enable them to manufacture cutting took 3,000 striking employees represented by Permits building of stocks required to fill defense orders, but limited the gas, byproducts, coke, and chemical to these. To enable a distributor to obtain workers, CIO, were accepted by the The material to which tlie A-l-a rating stocks of cutting tools the order assigns union. The men, who had been on strike is applicable are; the A-10 rating to deliveries to him for at 17 plants of the company since June High speed steel, carbon tool steel, and the purpose of filling defense orders, and alloy steel bars, sheets, rods, shapes, forg- 26, started back to work Immediately. permits him to obtain these tools prior This return to work resulted from a re ings, and castings; cutting tools, includ to having defense orders on his boots. quest by the Board in its recommenda ing cemented carbides: abrasives: meas Cutting tools obtained by a distributor tions, which also provided for the ap uring instruments and gages; mainte with the special rating may not be dis pointment of a special representative to nance and shop supplies (restricted to Investigate four issues still in dispute be posed of by him to fill any but defense items necessary for proper operation and tween the company and the union. The orders. maintenance of manufacturing equip- report by the representative is to be made nie order further provides, as did Gen nsent and facilities). September 3, 1941 -k DEFENSE ★ IS

water, making them more sluggish and less maneuverable. The possibility of a coal shortage which News for Retailers may develop in the Upper Great Lakes area around Duluth, unless the Great Lakes ore boats can make up the deficit Installment Regulations ject to a 33'/a percent down payment, later this season, is also being watched. while new household furniture (including Allocation officials point out that, be Restrictions on installment selling as ice refrigerators, bedsprings, and mat cause of these expected shortages, it is issued by the Federal Reserve Board, tresses, but excluding floor coverings, particularly important that retailers which went into effect on September 1, wall coverings, draperies, and bed cover and consumers in these deficit areas proved to be somewhat less severe than ings) , pianos, and household electric or heed the suggestion of Harriet Elliott, had been anticipated by retailers. The gans, which compete less directly, are head of the Consumer Division, for the Office of Price Administration, however, subject to a 10 percent minimum down summer buying of coal, and the preven draws attention to the concluding para payment. tion of waste in heating homes and graph of last week's statement by Mar- All of the commodities covered by the places of business. riner S. Eccles. Chairman of the Fed regulation are subject to a maximum Instruction for the building of extra eral Reserve Board, which advises the payment period of 18 months. Although bins in basements are printed in the public that the regulation is subject to the plan went into effect on September 1, June 12 issue of Consumer Prjces. In change from time to time as experience registration of firms or persons granting formation on the proper care and feed with its administration develops, and as installment credit will not be required ing of coal furnaces will be given in a economic conditions require a further until January l, 1942. forthcoming issue. dampening of buying power in order to safeguard the interests of consumers Hew England Coal Shortage Threatens Rate of Shoe Buying and the public generally. Fuel allocation officials of the Office of Purchasing of shoes by the Army and The Installment credit regulation, Production Management are seeking to the Navy is expected to proceed at about which went into effect September 1, has avert a coal shortage that is threatening the same rate during the next 6 months two broad purposes. One is to act. in the New England area this winter. as during the recent period, according to concert with other Governmental meas Drouth In the New England states Information released by the Purciiases ures, as a brake on current inflationaiy limited the amount of hydroelectric Division, OPM. This would indicate that tendencies, and the second Is to dis energy available this summer and re no increased call upon materials for shoe courage consumer competition with the sulted in a greater than usual consump manufacture or plant capacity above defense effort for fully employed pro tion of coal for power-generating pur present levels is likely to be made, barring poses. Heavy demands are also being ductive resources and scarce materials. any considerable Increase in the size of made by coal-consuming defense Indus Whole-hearted cooperation of retailera the armed force. tries that are operating now at relatively In the program may prevent the intro The present rate of purchasing is at high levels. duction of more drastic measures later, the level of approximately 1,750,000 pairs it is pointed out. Three of the ships usually plying the a month. The Navy is taking shoes at New England route on a year-round Installment credit controls as a defla the rate of from 100,000 to 120,000 pairs tionary device is one phase of a program basis have been diverted to defense uses, a month. The Army orders account for and eight of the boats which normally which includes an extension of the tax the remainder. Of Army purchases, enter the coal trade for several months ing program and the voluntary sale of about 1 million pairs are for regular in the peak fall season have been requi service shoes, some 400.000 for oxfords savings bonds and savings stamps. The sitioned by the Maritime Commission latter aid In meeting the cost of defense, and smaller quantities of special types for defense shipping. of shoes for ski troops, tank corps, etc. as well as in siphoning off buying power. Consumers receiving coal by rail from The one possible source of trouble with Installment control and defense bonds the docks can help the situation by an reference to shoe production is In rela and stamps are expected to be of service early shifting to all-rail delivery, and tion to the hide supply. A subcommittee in cushioning the period of post-war re thus reduce the burden on the collier of the Industry committee of the Pur adjustment as well. The bonds and fleet. chases Division has been appointed to stamps will provide purchasing power at Meetings have been held by OPA with work on this problem. Should the source a future date, while the tightening up of a committee appointed by the governors of supply in South America be interfered installment payments discourages over- of the New England States In order to with by reason of increased military ac extension of credit, and minimizes the work out estimates of winter coal re tivities in Africa, the industry would have costly liquidations and disruptions to quirements, and with representatives of to make plans to meet the situation. The normal purchasing attendant to such the collier companies in the New Eng subcommittee is considering how a stock periods. land trade to explore means of facili pile of hides could be created if necessary. The severity of the announced Install tating delivery by water. There Is at the present time no indica ment regulation varies according to the In the meeting with the collier com tion, of course, that shipments of hides degree to which the products covered panies, a genera! agreement was reached will be curtailed. compete with national defense produc that the steamsliip companies would A second subcommittee has been ap tion. Thus automobiles, aircraft, and seek to have the load lines on their col pointed to survey the possibilities of the powerboats, whose manufacture requires liers raised. This will allow the ships shoe industry with reference to supply the use of many materials, plants, and to carry more coal, but it also means ing shoes to England under the terms of men needed directly for defense, are sub" that the colliers will float lower in the the Lease-Lend Act. 16 ★ DEFENSE ★ September 3, 1941

PURCHASES ... The Grlscom-Russell Co., New York, N. T.; heat tiansfer apparatus; $85,000. 170 Certificates of Necessity for plant Grove Regulator Co., Oakland, Calif.; pres sure regulating equipment; 82,000. Gulf, MobUe & Ohio Railroad Co., Mobile, expansion from August 1through August 15 Ala.; transportation; $237,000. H, R. L. Machine Works. Inc.. Seattle, From Augu:.t 1 to 15. inclusive, 170 cer The Cleveland Graphite Bronze Co., Cleve Wash.; cargo, winches, propellers, and shafts; land, Ohio; aircraft engine parts: $180,000. $52,000. tificates of necessity were issued to 137 CUfTord Manufacturing Co.. Boston. Mass.; Allan Hancock College of Aeronautics, corporations, the National Defense Ad airplane radiator cooler tubes; $115,000. Santa Maria, Calif.; training of pilots; visory Commission announced this week. Cogsdill Twist Drill Co., Inc.. Detroit. Mich.; $38,000. metal cutting tools and twist drills and The Hanson-Whitney Machine Co., Hart These certificates were issued In connec reamers; $32,000. ford, Conn.; machine tools, pliig and ring tion with the construction and acquisi Collyer Insulated Wire Co., Pawtucket, gages; $163,000. Harley-Davidson Motor Co., Milwaukee, tion of new plant and manufacturing fa B. I.; shipboard cable; $25,000. Crucible Steel Co. of America, New York, Wis.; motorcycles; $320,000. cilities. the estimated cost of which was N. Y.; tool, highspeed and aircraft steels Hewitt Rubber Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; $28,800,000. and stainless steel sheets; $1,120,000. leak-proof material; $40,000. Douglas Oil & Refining Co., Los Angeles. Hudson Sharp Machine Co., Green Bay, A compilation for the first half of Calif.; alkylate; $333,000. Wis.; fixtures for machine tools; $14,000. August follows; Dravo Coiporation. Pittsburgh, Pa.; sheet Indian Motocycle Co., Springfield, Mass.; metal work; $8,000. motorcycles; $100,000. Ace Hardware Maniilacturlng Corporation, Dresser Manufactxiring Co.. Bradford. Pa.; The Ingalls Iron Works Co., Birmingham, Philadelphia, Pa.; tools, dies, ]igs, etc.; steam engines, forging and machining of Ala.; steel structures and shapes; $50,000. «27.000. The Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation. shells; $76,000. Birmingham, Ala.; steel cargo and passenger The Acme Machine "Rtol Co., Cincinnati, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.. Wilming Ohio; metal working machinery; $13,000. vessels; $630,000. ton, Del.; aniline and dlphenylamine; IngersoU-Rand Co., Painted Post, N. Y.; Alton Box Board Co., Alton, HI.; paper box $71,000. board; $2,000,000. compressors and gas engines; $162,000. Aluminum Ore Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; alumU Thomas A. Adison, Inc.. West Orange, N. J.; Isolantlte Inc.. Bellesvllle, N. J.; ceramic na, aluminum fiuorlde, cryolite and fuorspar; mechanical time fuze; $856,000. Insulators; $15,000. »429,000. Elliott Co.. Jeannette. Pa.; power plant The International Nickel Co.. Inc., New American Chain & Cable Co.. Inc., Mones- equipment for naval vessels; $260,000. York. N. Y.; forglngs and cylinders; $34,000. aen, Pa.; stainless steel electrodes; $34,000. Ellwood City Porge Co., EUwood City, Pa.; Kelsey-Hayes Wheel Co., Detroit, Mich.; American Steel Castings Co., Chicago, HI.; Diesel engine parts; $423,000. aircraft engine barrel cylinders; $256,000. ateel castings; $8,000. Eureka Fire Brick Works, Pittsburgh, Pa.; The Kempsmlth Machine Co., West Allis, Amnco Metal. Inc.. Milwaukee, Wis.; air fire bricks; $87,000. Wis.; machine tools; $40,000. plane parts; $111,000. Exposition Cotton Mills Co.. Atlanta, Oa.; King Machine Co., W. Milwaukee, Wis.; Anaconda Wire St Cable Co.. New York, cotton textile fabrics; $377,000. armor plate lor tanks; $38,000. K. 7.; shipboard and degaussing cable: Farmers Elevator. Inc., Temple, Okla.; The King Machine Tool Co., Cincinnati, $16,000. storage of grain; $8,000. Ohio; boring mills; $1,579,000. Ashland OU St Beflning Co.. Ashland. Ky.; Knappen Milling Co., Augusta, Mich.; stor The Pulton Sylphon Co.. Knoxville. Tenn.; age of grain; $25,000. water transportation of petroleum products; fuzes, projectiles and cartridge cases; $643,000. W. B. Knight Machinery Co.. St. Louis, Mo.; $8,000. milling machines, }lg borers, end attach The Baltimore h Ohio Railroad Co., Baltl- The Garrett Corporation. Los Angeles, more, Md.; transportation; $230,000. ments; $10,000. Bardons & Oliver, Inc.. Cleveland, Ohio; Calif.; aircraft coolers and seaplane anchors; The R. K. LeBlond Machine Tool Co., Nor turret lathes; $69,000. $86,000. wood. Cincinnati, Ohio; lathes, rlfilng ma Bath Iron Works Corporation, Bath, Maine; Garrison Milling Co., Inc.. Oklahoma City, chines and grinders; $230,000. ships; $30,000. Okla.; storage of grain; $50,000. R. G. LeTourneau, Inc., Peoria, HI.; earth- Baush Machine Tool Co., Springfield, Mass.; The Gear Grinding Machine Co.. Ham- moving equipment; $39,000. drilling, boring, and reaming machines; tramck, Mich.; gear grinding machines; LeTourneau Company of Georgia, Toccoa, $13,000. $10,000. Ga.; machining of shells. 831.000. Bell Aircraft Corporation, Buffolo, N. T.; General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.; The Lindsley Manufacturing Co., Milford, gun mounts, adapters and cradles; $143,000. reduction gears and steam turbine equip Conn.; small tools; $1,000. Bessemer & Lake Erie RaUroad Co., Pitts ment; $138,000. Lonsdale Co. (Lincoln Bleachery ft Dye burgh, Pa.; iron ore transportation; $6,410,000. General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Mlnn.i Works Division), Providence, R. I.; sanforiz Blaw-Knox Co., Pittsburgh. Pa.; machin naval gun mount parts and ordnance ma ing and preshrlnklng of cloth; $9,000. ing of armor cast steel; $74,000. terials; $14,000. Los Angeles St Salt Lake Railroad Co., Bliss & Laughlln, Inc., Harvey, HI.; cold Omaha. Nebr.; transportation; $141,000. General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Missouri Pacific Railroad Co., St. L-ouls, finished steel; $60,000. Mich.; Diesel engines; $22,000. Bohn Aluminum & Brass Corporation, De Mo.; transportation; $59,000. The G. A. Gray Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; ma Milwaukee Malleable & Grey Iron Works, troit. Mich.; aircraft brass and aliunlnum chine tools; $10,000. rods, aluminum forglngs and ftize noses; Milwaukee, Wis.; malleable, grey Iron and Great Northern RaUway Co., St. Paul, semisteel castings; $35,000. $111,000. Minn.; iron ore transportation; $141,000. Borg-Warner Corporation. Detroit, Mich.; Monsanto Chemical Co.. St. Louis, Mo.; aircraft engine clutch sets; $4,000. The Bradford Machine Tool Co.. Cincin nati, Ohio; lathes and automatic drilling ma Fire engines to sacrifice big brass bell chines; $14,000. Braeburn Alloy Steel Corporation. Brae- The great American fire engine will be ment frequently during the last few burn. Pa.; carbon tool steel and stainless steel aUoys; $83,000. a more subdued and modest creation months, and have agreed to reduce their Bridgeport Brass Co.. Bridgeport. Conn.; before this defense program goes much use of critical metals. But big savings Ammunition and cartridge cases; $169,000. further. It will put out fires just as remain to be made, and fire engine man Bristol it Martin, Inc.. New York, N. Y.; precision tools, bullet dies and gages; well, but it won't dazzle the eye nearly ufacturers presently will have a further $227,000. as much as it has in the past. There's meeting with OPM officials on that BuBelen Lumber & Mfg. Co., Tacoma, going to be a big change in the matter of Wash.; flr plywood; $170,000. subject. Burcbell Products, Inc., New York, N. Y.; using brass, aluminum, copper and simi One of the prized features which the Jigs, fixtures, tools, gear reduction mecha lar metals to make the fire engine lire engine will lose will undoubtedly be nism, etc.; $6,000. Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, ni.; tractors, handsome. the big brass bell. Some of these bells diesel and gasoline engines; $667,000. A good deal has been done already. contain as much as 45 pounds of brass, The Cleveland Crane & Engineering Co., Leading manufacturers have conferred which would make a lot of shell cases or Wicklifie, Ohio; cranes, presses, and tram- rail systems; $16,000. with the Office of Production Manage other vital defense items. September 3, 1941 ★ DEFENSE ★ 17

tricresyl phosphate and dlphenyl; $319,000. The Mosler Safe Co.. Hamilton. Ohio; ma* chine tools anci safe cheBts; 96.000. $194,432,502 War Department contracts Mt. Vernon Die Casting Corporation, Mt. Vernon, N. 7.: aluminum die castings; cleared August 21 through August 27 $63,000:' Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Rail> Defense contracts totaling $194,432,502 be determined by plans for building as finally way, Nashville, Tenn.; transportation; were awarded by the War Department completed. 944,000. Stone and Webster Engineering Corpora Tile National Supply Co.. Toledo. Ohio; and cleared by the Division of Purchases, tion, New York, N. Y.; designing, construct cylinder liner Jackets; $29,000. Office of Production Management, dur ing. and procuring equipment for a TNT New England Alcohol Cb., Everett, Mass.; plant to be known as Volunteer Ordnance ethyl alcohol: $199,000. ing the period August 21 through August Works. Chattanooga. Tenn.; $34,245,732. New England High Carbon Wire Co., Mill- 27. This compares with a total of $165,- McQuay-Norria Manufacturing Co.. St. bury, Mass.; spring wire; $22,000. Louis, Mo.; additional contract for equipping North American Aviation, Inc.. Inglewood, 272,695 for the previous week. and operation of St. Louis Small Arms Plant, Calif.; aiiplane and parts; $58,000. Contracts for construction amounted St. Louis. Mo.; $1,720,267, Norton Co., Worcester, Mass.; grinding to $52,692,997; contracts for ordnance to Robert E, McKee, El Paso, Tex,; contract machines; $32,000. for additional work at Aviation Mechanlca' The Ohio Seamless Tube Co., Shelby, Ohio; $23,894,007; contracts for aircraft to School. Wichita Falls. Tex.; $7,555,563. (To seamless steel tubing; $101,000. $106,023,431 and contracts for equipment tal contract now $12,442,459.) Oregon-Washington R. R. & Navigation Three contractors: C. S. Lambie Corpora Co., Omaha, Nebr.; transportation; $4,000. and supplies to $11,822,067. tion. Amarillo. Tex., W. S. Moss, Lubbock, Pacific Gear & Tool Works, San Francisco, A compilation of contract announce Tex., and Holland Page, Austin, Tex.; con Calif.; gears, shafts and parts for the Navy; struction for necessary facilities for an Ad $11,000. ments for the week follows: vanced Twin Engine Flying School, Lubbock, The Park Drop Forge Co., Cleveland, Ohio; Tex.; $3,973,365. dies for crankshaft forglngs; $819,000. ORDNANCE Three contractors: Gulf Bitulithic Co., Peco Manufacturing Co.. Philadelphia, Pa ; J. B. Beali'd Corporation. Shreveport, La,; Houston, Tex., Austin Road Co.. Dallas, Tex., metal bomb parts; $13,000. shells; Sl.976.000. and Texas Bitulithic Co. of Dallas. Tex.; sup Penn Steel Castings Co.. Chester. Pa.; steel Standard Container Co.. Inc.. Bloomfield, plementary contract for grading, drainage, castings; $73,000. N. J.; packing accessories; $2,912,650. etc., at Ellington Field, Tex.; $1,877,795. (To Pennsylvania Pump & Compressor Co., tal contract on this project now $2,942,219.) Jackes-Evans Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo.; me- Senior and Palmer, Inc.. New York, N. Y.; Easton, Pa.; crank and toggle shafts; 810,000. talhc belt links; $964,800. Pennsylvania Railroad Co., Philadelphia. housing and miscellaneous facilities at Air Pa.; transportation; $62,000. Stearns-Roger Mfg. Co., Denver, Colo.; Field, Pine Camp, N, Y.; $758,500. Philadelphia Metal Drying Form Co., Phila lathes; $830,400. Wolfe-McLeod. Jacksonville, Fla.; construc delphia, Pa.; sub-assemblies for scout cars, New Britain Machine Co., New Brltain- tion of access roads at Camp Blandlng. Fla.: tanks and airplanes; $26,000. Gridley Machine Division. New Britain, Conn.: $828,534. Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory, Pittsburgh, automatic screw machines; $4,467,315. Pa.; service testing of steel, concrete, brick, Hercules Powder Co., WUmlngton, Del.; EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES etc.; $12,000, management services, training personnel, op International Harvester Co., Pt. Wayne, Precision Products. Inc., Corry. Pa.; metal erating plant and 1 year's production of Ind.; 2V4-ton dump trucks; $1,051,490. stampings and screw machine parts; $35,000. TNT; $12,742,842. U. S. Rubber Co., Mishawaka. Ind,; 692,000 Production Machine Co.. Greenfield. Mass.; AIRCRAFT raincoats: $2,671,120. screw machines, grinders and drills; $34,000. Studebaker Corporation, South Bend, Ind.; Public Terminal Elevator Co.. Wichita. Wright Aeronautical Corporation, Paterson. spare parts; $942,182, Kans.; storage of grain; $18,000. N. J.; miscellaneoufl parts for aeronautical Crawford-Austin Mfg. Co., Waco, Tex.; 260.- Rademaker Chemical Corporation. East- engines; $19,268,820. 000 foldmg canvas cots; $1,028,800. lake, Mich.; magnesium oxide; $450,000. North American Aviation. Inc.. of Texas, Shell Oil Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; fuel: Reading Co., Philadelphia, Pa.; transporta Dallas, Tex.; airplanes and spare parts; $6- $789,064, 980,613. tion; $11,000. Shell Oil Co., Inc., San Francisco, Calif.: Red Lion Tool & Engineering Co., Red Lion, Fleetwings, Inc.. Bristol. Pa.; airplanes and fuel; $714,016. Pa.; bombs. Jigs and dies; $26,000. spare parts: $4,355,614. Western Electric Co., Inc., Kearny, N, J,; Beil Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; radio receiving and transmitting components; Reed-Prentice Corporation, Worcester. airplanes and spare parts; $75,218,384. Mass,; lathes and vertical milline machines: $1,611,448. $17,000. CONSTRUCTION Teletype Corporation. Chicago, III.; tele types; $3,013,947. Republic Aviation Corporation. Farming- B. Turecamo Contracting Co., Inc., Brook dale, L. I., N. 7„ airplanes; $31,000. lyn. N. Y-: construction of runway paving. SERVICE CONTRACTS Rohm & Haas Co., Philadelphia, Pa ; plexi- Westover Field, Chlcopee Palls, Mass.; $532 - glas; $157,000. New York Central Co., New York, N. Y.; Saglnaw Stamping & Tool Co.. Saginaw, 041. architectural and engineering services In con Two contractors: T. M. Strider Co.. Nash nection with construction of Voorheesville, Mich.; bomb equipment and accessories; ville. Tenn., and Weymouth Construction $36,000. N, Y., General Depot and Regulating Station. Co.. Milwaukee, Wis.; construction of the Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington, Del.; Schacht Rubber Co., Noblesville, Ind.; rub Tullahoma Air Field at Camp Forrest. Tenn : ber track blocks for tanks; $63,000. management services, procurement of equip $1,201,198. ment and operation of anhydrous ammonia Sooular-Blshop Grain Co., Kansas City Three contractors: John McShain Inc Mo.; storage of grain; $2,000. plant to be known as Missouri Ordnance PhUadelphift, Pa.. Doyle and Russell, and Works at Louisiana. Mo. (Value not stated.) Scoviu Manufacturing Co.. Waterbufy, Wise Contracting Co., both of Richmond, Conn.; cartridge cases, boosters, and fuzes: F. S, Currle. San Bernardino. Calif.; archi Va.; construction of new War Department tectural and engineering services contract for $22,000. Office Building in Arlington, Va,; contract on preparing the plans and drawings for the Shell Oil Company, Inc., New York, N Y; a cost-plus-a-flxed-fee basis and amount will Army Air Field at Lemoore, Calif. acetone, butadiene, isopentans, and alkviate- $3,302,000. Sonken-Galamba Corporation, Kansas City, Texas & New Orleans Railroad Co.. Hous United States Rubber Co.. New York, N. Y.; Kans.: smelting and fabrication of metal ton, Tex.; transportation; $1,000. foam sponge cushions; $1,000. products; $18,000. The Henry G. Thompson & Son Co., New Utica Di-op Forge & Tool Corporation, trtica, Spartan Aircraft Co., Tulsa, Okla.; train Haven. Conn.; band saw blades; $4,000. N. Y.; hand tools; $71,000. ing of pilots and mechanics; $12,000. The Timken Roller Bearing Co.. Canton, Van Norman Machine Tool Co., Springfield. Sparry Products, Inc.. Hobotsn, N. J,; tor Ohio; electric furnace steels and roller bear Mass.; milling machines and grinders; pedo directors, hydraulic controls and mag ings; $1,521,000, $181,000. netic compasses, $31,000. Transit Gram & Commission Co., Port Edward Week & Company, Inc., Brooklyn, Stacy Machine Works, Inc.. Springfield, Worth, Tex.; storage of grain; $30,000. N. Y.; surgical instruments; $2,000. Mass.; machine tool parts; $7,000. Trenion Transit Co.. Trenton, N. J.; trans Welding Engineers Inc.. PhUadelphla, Pa.; F. M. Stamper Co.. Moberly, Mo., dried portation; $150,000, weldments and base rings for gun mounts- eggs; $56,000. Union Hardware & Metal Co.. Los Angeles. $17,000. Standard Parachute Corporation, San Calif.; distributor of supplies; $150,000. The Whitney Chain & Mfg. Co., Hartford. Conn.; plug and ring thread gages; 890,000. Diego. Calif.; parachutes and parts; $10,000. Union Pacific Railroad Co.. Omaha, Nebr,; Worthin^on Pump & Machinery Corpora Stewart-Warner Corporation, Chicago, 111; transportation; $1,000, tion, Harrison, N. J.; diesel engine power fuzes; $3,000. U. S. Hammered Piston Ring Co.. inc., units, pumps, and compressors; $502,000. Stratton Grain Co.. Milwaukee, Wis.; stor Stirling. N. J.: aircvaft piston rings and en Zahn Grain Co., Sharon, Okla,; storage of age of grain; $112,000. gine parts; $28,000. grain; $5,000, ★ ★ September 3, 1941 18 DEFENSE TRANSPORTATION... as a vast factory, the various transporta We mustn't lose battle "for want of a nail tion agencies constitute the conveyors, and it is as necessary to maintain them as it Is to keep the conveyors in good for the shoe of the iron horse"—Budd condition in the factory line. The dread sequence of events chron cars must be built between October 1, The great precision of our mass pro icled by Poor Richard must not happen 1941 and October 1, 1942. duction methods enables this national here "for the want of a naJl for the shoe There Is a phase of the program for production line to extend from one end better utilization of equipment in which of the country to the other. Some parts of the iron horse," Transportation Com the shippers and the regulatory bodies of the same bomber or tank or shell or missioner Budd, OEM, told the National are not able to participate and cannot automobile may be made in the East, Association of Railroad and Utilities be expected to assist or cooperate, and some in the North, some in the South, and Commissioners August 26 in St. Paul. that is the maintenance of the properties others In the West, but when all of them Excerpts from his speech follow: In good condition so as to render full and finally are brought together In the assem Traffic had been Increasing for about efficient service. This is a duty of the bly plant the finest machine, Involving a year at the time the (Transportation) carriers themselves. the most precise Integration, will result. office was established, and early consid In ordinary times an increase in trafDc Poor Richard said; eration was given to the probable further such as has taken place would be pro "For the want of a nail the shoe was lost, Increase in traffic and how rapidly it vided for by them without any question. For want of a shoe the horse was lost. would come. For this purpose the At present a serious complication has For the want of a horse the rider was arisen through the control of steel and Bureau of Research and Statistics of the lost, other metals by the issuance of Govern Advisory Commission, the Bureau of For want of a rider the battle was lost, ment priority orders. This has inter Railway Economics, the Shippers' Re For the want of a battle the kingdom fered seriously with carriers of all types in gional Advisory Boards, and others have was lost— obtaining materials and supplies for cur prepared estimates of future demands And all for the want of a horseshoe rent maintenance, and for making nec from time to time. It Is well known that nail." all such estimates have been revised essary additions to their plants. I have upwards to keep pace with the enlarged already referred to the inability of the Today we must not permit any such defense program. Knowledge of what to railroad car builders to keep up the car thing to happen for the want of A Nail prepare for continues to be most im building program. This program Is now For The Shoe Of The Iron Horse. being carried on at about one-half the portant, but It Is also most difficult to •k * * determine with any degree of accuracy. scheduled rate set up to meet the needs of anticipated traffic. That lag means CARIOADINGS INCREASE Program will fall 20,000 cars short that the proposed expansion to 1,800,000 Speaking now of railroads, because cars by October 1, 1942, will fall 100,000 Railroad revenue freight carloadings they are handling about two-thirds of short unless some way Is immediately during the week ended August 23 totted the country's traffic, on June 1, 1940 found to supply more steel. Iron, lumber, 899,750 cars, an Increase of 18.2 percent they owned a total of 1,648,696 freight and other essential material to the rail over the 761,108 cars loaded during the cars. In July 1940 it was decided that roads and to the car builders. New loco corresponding week in 1940 and an in the ownership should be built up to motives are also badly behind promised crease of 9,376 cars or 1.1 percent over 1.700,000 cars by October 1, 1941. Nor delivery dates. Deliveries of mainte the preceding week when loadings totaled mally, about 80,000 cars are retired every nance and repair parts not only for cars, 890,374 cars. Increases over the corre year through age or accident, but it was but also for locomotives, and to a neces sponding week in 1940 were recorded In decided to repair as many of the old cars sary extent for repair to tracks, bridges, all major commodities with the exception as practicable so that they could be used and structures have slowed down and now of grain and grain products which for four or five years longer. In this threaten seriously to Impair the operation showed a decrease of 1.5 percent, and way retirements have been reduced by of the railroads. It is true the roads livestock which showed a decrease of 11.1 about one half. The new car building have not failed yet, and their record to percent. The details follow: program in order to raise the ownership date Indicates that they will not fall if to 1,700,000 called for about 100,000 new arrangements can be made promptly CARLOADINGS—WEEK ENDED AUGUST 23 cars by October 1, 1941. Prom June 1, for securing the necessary material, but Percent mi 1940 1940 to June 1,1941, orders were actually otherwise failure is inevitable. Increase placed for 112,320 cars. Owing to in Mast solve priority problem ability to obtain material for carrying Oraln and grain prod- No one unfamiliar with the almost in 43,628 44, 810 "1.8 out this car building program, I regret to 12,013 13,611 111.1 superable difficulties of allocating essen 169,663 134,892 2S.8 say that on October 1, 1941 the program 12,979 10,634 22.1 will fall about 20,000 cars short. tial materials to the hundreds of thou SO.445 88,038 18. 5 77,019 69,986 17.7 sands of users engaged in all degrees of Mer^uidlse 1.e. I.... 167,102 161,190 3.9 1,800,000 planned for October 1942 defense work, can appreciate the priority 376,914 298,647 26.2 Early this year, plans were made to problem. Upon its solution, however, de 899,760 761,108 18.2 CamulBtive (34 bring the total railroad ownership to pends the continued success of the 26,811,693 22,686,143 18.2 1,800,000 cars by October 1,1942. If this national transportation system. If our goal is to be reached, about 160,000 new Industries as a whole may be considered September 3, 1S41 ★ DEFENSE ★ 19

HEALTH AND WELFARE ...

"Obviously the principal need is for Unified assignment of doctors, dentists a general recruitment program which takes into account such factors as the sought as recruiting drains localities distribution of physicians and dentists In relation to the population of the com Plans have been approved for the mo well aa that of the Health and Medical munities In which they reside, their train bilization of physicians and dentists to Committee of my office, and steps are ing and experience, and their availa meet the special demands for medical being taken through appropriate chan bility for service in the defense program." nels to obtain necessary enabling legis care which may arise as the national A single assignment agency defense effort approaches Its maximum, lation." "To administer the mobilization of Paul V. McNutt, Federal Security Ad Community resources drained medical and dental personnel, a single ministrator and Coordinator of Health, "Already," the Administrator said, "the recruitment and assignment agency Welfare and Related Defense Activities, demands for physicians and dentists im would be set up in cooperation with the announced August 29. posed by the needs of the Army and Navy Army. Navy, and the Public Health "The major principle of the plans, particularly, and to only a slightly lesser Service," Mr. McNutt said. which recognizes the need for a sys degree, by the major defense industries, "The plans for this service are designed have resulted In recruitment policies to meet," the Administrator emphasized, tematic approach to the mobilization of which are seriously draining many com "both military and civilian needs." the medical resources of the country," munities of their medical personnel. In The Administrator explained that the Ml'. McNutt stated, "has the full sanction the event of full mobilization, the prob advisability of establishing such an of the American Medical Association, as lem will inevitably become critical. agency has been under lengthy consid eration by the Health and Medical Com mittee. After this group had reached an agreement, the proposal was sub WPA undertfikes removal of rails from mitted to the American Medical Associa tion by Dr. Irvin Abell, of Louisville, Ky., streets; OPM to direct disposal of steel chairman of the Health and Medical Committee. Howard O. Hunter, Commissioner of considered an Important type of scrap The American Medical Association Work Projects, announced August 27 a steel because they can be formed into adopted a resolution recommending that "The U. S. Government be urged to plan program for removal of abandoned, pub other articles with a minimum of processing. and arrange immediately for the estab licly owned streetcar rails by WPA to lishing of a central authority with repre salvage the steel for defense production. UDit can restore street sentatives of the civilian medical pro He directed all State WPA adminis Under the plan as outlined by Mr. fession to be known as the Procurement trators to expedite requests of local gov Hunter, a local government which already and Assignment Agency." ernments for assistance and to give the has a WPA street project may set up a EogUsh model proposed work first priority in the WPA program. unit of the project for rail removal and restoration of the street to a serviceable Mr. McNutt said the proposed central The plan was prepared at the request of condition. Where there is no current agency probably would be modeled along Ralph Budd, Transportation Commis street project, prompt consideration will the lines of an organization created for sioner of the Office for Emergency Man be given an application for a WPA rail- this purpose in England and known as agement, who has estimated that more removal project. the Medical Procurement Board, which than 200,000 tons of publicly owned rails Under arrangements with OPM, the represents civilian and military author ities. Much of the basic information alone lie abandoned in city streets. scrap will be shipped by the local govern which would be applied to an intelligent ment, charges collect, to a steel miH or City must cooperate with OPM other assembly point designated by OPM. procurement program of doctors and dentists has already been obtained by the WPA rail-removal operations under The steel company will send the city a check at the maximum mill price estab American Medical Association and the this program are conditional on the local American Dental Association. The Ad lished by the Office of Price Administra government's submitting a statement ministrator stated that the real essence tion after deducting the transportation that it will dispose of the steel as directed of the plan is to set up under official cost. The city will apply the receipts as a by the Office of Production Management auspices a body which can make the sponsor's contribution toward the cost of and a certificate that the rails are public fullest use of this information. and not traction company propertS'. the WPA project. Besides Dr. Abell, the Health and To assure maximum returns in steel for Mr. Hunter stated that for the present Medical Committee is composed of Surg. defense, Mr. Hunter also urged cities the program need not be extended to the Gen. James C. Magee, U. S. Army; Surg. where rail removal operations are cur removal of rails which are completely Gen. Ross T. Mclntire, U. S. Navy; Surg. rently being carried out under WPA proj embedded in permanent pavements where Gen. Thomas Parran, U. S. Public Health ects to dispose of the scrap metal as the condition of the pavement does not Service; and Dr. Lewis H. Weed. desired by OPM. Salvaged car rails are warrant restoration in the near future. National Research Council. ★ ★ September 3, 1941 20 DEFENSE

{.Information furnished through Office of Agricultural Defense Relations. AGRICULTURE... U. S. Department of Agriculture) Poultrymen asked to save Plans for food production in 1942 139,000 pounds of aluminum

to be discussed throughout U. S. The Department of Agriculture has Plans for assuring the production of ferences will be held, the dates, and the announced that poultry breeders, com sufficient food in 1942 both for the United States that will take part: mercial hatcheries, and poultry market States and for countries resisting aggres Salt Lake City. September 15 and 16— ing agencies throughout the Nation are sion will be the chief business of four Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, being asked to save and return all used regional agricultural conferences sched Wyoming, Colorado. Utah, Nevada, aluminum wing and leg bands for re uled for September in line with agricul California, Arizona, and New Mexico. processing into wing bands for future ture's effort to carry out its share of the Chicago, September 18 and 19—North use. The bands are used to identify defense work. Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kan poultry breeding birds. Representatives of the Department of sas. Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, At the same time, the Department an Agriculture, the State Agricultural Plan Minnesota, Michigan, Indiana, and nounced through its Poultry Committee ning Committees, chairmen and mem Ohio. that the poultry industry had already bers of the State "USDA Defense Boards, WeuJ York City. September 24 and 25— agreed to use substitutes for the alu representatives of farm organizations, Maine, NewHampshire, Vermont. Mas minum normally used in leg bands. No and others will participate in the con sachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, satisfactory substitute has been found for ferences. All the 48 States will be rep New York. Pennsylvania, Delaware, aluminum as wing bands. resented at one or another of the two-day New Jersey, Maryland, and West This program of conservation and sub Virginia. sessions. stitution is making it possible for the Memphis.September 29and 30—Virginia, industry to operate with about 11,000 Wickard to attend North Carolina, South Carolina, Geor pounds of aluminum, only 7 percent of Secretary of Agriculture Claude R. gia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, the 150,000 pounds used last year for wing Wickard plans to attend each conference. LoiUsiana, Texas, Arkansas. Oklahoma. and leg bands. The 11,000 pounds are Following are the places where con Tennessee, and Kentucky. being made available to the Industry over a period of several months by the Office of Production Management for exclusive use as wing bands. This poundage will Simple flue gas analjrzer saves supply more than 7 million wing bands. OPM is releasing aluminum for this 12.6 percent of heating oil in test special purpose because eggs are one of the important defense foods, and poultry- A saving of more than one-eighth in After analysis with this simple instru men are being urged to do a better job the amount of fuel oil used in heating ment, any burner can be quickly set to of management, breeding, and feeding. homes can be made by proper adjust give its maximum efficiency. The ap The conservation and substitution pro ment of the burner with an instrument pearance of the flame cannot be used gram was worked out cooperatively by known as a flue gas analyzer, says the as a measure of efficiency, Mr. Senner the Poultry Committe, the Office of Agri Department of Agriculture. The ana says, since air leaking through ill-fitting cultural Defense Relations, the OPM, and lyzer, an inexpensive instrument, can be doors and poorly sealed boiler sections the Office of Price Administration and operated successfully by the average can lower efficiency without changing the Civilian Supply. service man. flame. ★ ★ * Since the vast majority of the 2,000,000 house-heating oil burners are east of the Demonstrated in 7,000 bomes Alleghenies, this new economy can be of A practical, lai'ge-scale demonstration Forest chief scores great importance in solving a defense of the value of fiue-gas testing for this needlessly destructive cutting problem in the region where there is the purpose was made during the 1940-41 In order to meet essential defense most liklihood of an oil shortage. heating season by a Baltimore oil com demands, the rate of timber cutting all pany servicing more than 7,000 home- Correct mixture reduces coasumption over the country is growing by "leaps and heating burners. The company equipped Studies of the various types of oil burn bounds," according to Earle H. Clapp, its service men with flue-gas analyzers ers by the Bureau of Agricultural Chem acting chief of the Department of Agri istry and Engineering show that the and adjusted all of the burners. Analy culture's Forest Service. relative amounts of air and oil supplied sis of the results at the end of the heating "Most of this cutting is destructive, to the oil-burner fire greatly affect the season showed an average saving of 12.6 when it could easily be constructive," efficiency of the burner and, of course, percent. This figure was obtained after Clapp said in an address at Cody, Wyo., the fuel consumption. According to A. due allowance had been made for the re commemorating the 50th anniversary of H. Senner. engineer in charge of this duction of oil consumption resulting the first national forest. research work for the Bureau, the best from iTigher average outside temperatures Clapp callcd for bold, drastic conserva way to take advantage of this knowledge over the previous year. The company tion measures, including Nation-wide reg of burner operation is by use of the records were analyzed by the research ulation of timber cutting to stop further analyzer. engineers and found correct. destruction and deterioration. ★ ★ September 3, 1941 DEFENSE 21 HOUSING ... dormitory units ready in Hawaii; Defense homes allocated v/eek's completions of defense homes, 1,403 are equal to total of houses in eight cities Over 1,800 homes for defense workers 100 for civilian workers at Wichita, Kans. and enlisted personnel were allocated. Construction contracts were let In The number of new homes for defense 1.403 completed, and 835 placed under Fairfleld, Conn., for 200 homes, New Brit workers and families of enlisted men for construction contract the week ending ain. Conn., for 200 homes, and Bridgeport, which Government funds have been al August 23. Charles P. Palmer, Coordi Conn., for 150, under the supervision of located reached 111,383 onAugust23,1941. nator of Defense Housing, announced. the Federal Works Agency. These homes This figure is equivalent to the total Allocations were made for 400 homes are for civilian defense workers. number of houses in the following cities for civilian workers and 85 for enlisted 700 dormitory units finished combined—Salem, Mass.; Pasadena, personnel in Long Beach, Calif., 350 in Calif.; Mobile, Ala.; Charlotte, N. C.; Rockford, 111., and 200 in Freeport, Tex., Progress was reported in the temporary Reno, Nev.; Joilet, 111.: Canton, Ohio; shelter program, with 700 dormitory units for civilian defense workers. In addition, and Little Rock, Ark. completed by the Navy in Hawaii for 362 homes at Newport News, Va., and 300 California leads the list of States, with civilian defense workers. In addition, 100 at Keyport, Wash., were allocated for allocations made for 13,925 new homes. cinlian workers and enlisted personnel. trailers were allocated for defense work These are necessary because of the enor ers employed at the Ordnance Depot at All of these homes were assigned to the mous expansion of the aircraft industries Federal Works Agency for immediate Umatilla, Oreg. and others, and military and naval construction. As of August 23, homes numbering activity in the State. 111,545 had been allocated for defense The second largest number of new 2S4 completed at Charleston workers and enlisted personnel. Move homes will be built in Pennsylvania, Among the completions reported for than 80.000 of these homes have been where allocations have been made for the week are 284 hwnes at Charleston, placed under construction contract, and 13.055. Steel plants, shipbuilding, and S. C., constructed by the United States approximately 31,000 have been com varied manufacturing activities account Housing Authority for civilian workers. pleted. In addition. 4,254 trailers and for the need of these homes. The Public Buildings Administration con 9,591 dormitory units have been allocated. Virginia, with 9,202, Maryland, with structed 199 homes for enlisted personnel Of these, 1,675 trailers and 4.931 dormi 6,525, and Connecticut, with 5,525 houses at Tampa, Pla., 98 at Orlando, Pla., and tory units have been completed. to be built by the Government, finish the STATUS OF PUBLIC DEFENSE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION, AUG. 23, 1941 list of the top 5 States. Next are Texas, 4,975; New Jersey, 3,865; Washington.

Contracts 3,837; Hawaiian Islands, 3,362, and Funds allocated Completed atrarded Florida, 3,264.

Aug. 23 Aug. 16 Aug. 23 Aug. 16 Aug. 23 Aug. 16 67,535 in 10 States Allocations for those 10 States total Number of States and territoriea 49 49 Number of localltios 47 35 34 176 171 157 00 67,535. Ntunbar of projects 87 42S 420 129 123 Nnmber of laally dwellinj! units (regular) III, MS 109,688 80,450 30,883 29,480 Following is a list of the remaining Civilianindustrialworkers inprirate defense iodustiV •W, 91i 40.515 30,763 7. 782 6, 827 CivlllBO Industrial workers in Qovemment plants IB, 201 19,201 States and Territories in which housing Other (•.iTilians, emplo7cdbj tbe Army and Navy 18, 897 4,194 4,194 10,ft42 10,642 8,804 3,660 3,060 has been programmed, with the number Married enlisted personnel 30,787 30.330 25,361 15, 247 li799 Num^ of family dwellinp units ttrallers) 4,2H 4,154 3, CM 1,675 1,675 of homes for which Government funds Civilian industrialworkersinprivate defense industry. 3,SS4 a, 534 3,214 1.675 1,675 Civilian isdiutriai workers in Oovemment plants. 630 620 400 have been made available; Kumber of units for single persons 9,S91 fi, S91 7,124 4, 931 4, 231 Alabama, 2,354; Arizona, 265; Colo rado, 175; Delaware, 20; District of Co NUMBER OF NEW HOMES STARTED UNDER FHA INSPECTION lumbia, 1,470; Georgia, 2,252; Idaho. 100; Jan.Week 1,endedl«l, throughAug. 23, Aug.mi 23,IWI 142.3.^?5^ Illinois, 2,216; Indiana, 2,275; Iowa, 575; Kansas, 1,515; Kentucky, 950; Louisi ana, 1,044; Maine. 350; Massachusetts, U.S. nurses to help Ecuador in The nurses are being sent by the Coor 1,900; Michigan, 1,680; Mississippi, 1,025; dinator's Office in collaboration with the Missouri, 950; Nevada, 175; New Hamp public health, welfare work Pan American Sanitary Bureau and with shire, 1,644; New Mexico, 100; New York, the assistance of the United States Pub 2,527. The Office of the Coordinator of Inter- lic Health Service and the Children's Bu Also, North Carolina, 2,610; Ohio, 3,- American Affairs announced August 28 reau of the United States Department of 250; Oklahoma, 150; Oregon, 170; Rhode that two public health nurses would go Labor. Island, 1,924; South Carolina, 2,356; to Quito, Ecuador, at the request of the The two nurses are Miss Anne B. Ca« South Dakota. 35; Tennessee. 1,350; cioppo, of New York, and Miss Bertha Utah, 150; West Virginia, 950; Wiscon government of Ecuador to assist in pub Maura Marsch, of San Antonio, Tex. sin, 400; Alaska, 1,080; Canal Zone, 2,- lic health and maternal and wel They were to sail from New York on the 425; Cuba. 200; Puerto Rico, 1,180; fare programs in that country. SS Santa Elena on August 29. Samoa, 6; Virgin Islands, 50. ★ ★ September 3, 1941 22 DEFENSE CIVILIAN DEFENSE ...

sonnel, Including the fire and police Mission returns from England, services. VI. Mutual assistance: Plans for mu makes 25 preliminary recommendations tual aid and assistance should he devel oped between all local and regional The American Civil Defense Mission ported that the fingerprinting of the en authorities. which has been in England studying the tire population of the U. S. for identifi effect of total war on the civilian popu cation of casualties is "deemed necessary" Training schools for instructors lations presented last weeii to Mayor P. and that there should be a special atta- VII. Training schools: Immediate steps H. LaGuardia, Director of the Office of ch6 representing the OCD at the U. S. should be taken to establish central and Civilian Defense, its prelinunary report Embassy, London. regional training schools for the purpose and recommendations. of training Instructors and lecturers. Members of the Mission The mission, which left New York on VIII. Research laboratory: A na the Clipper July 12, and returned August Capt. Donald S. Leonard, of the Michi tional testing and experimental research gan State Police; Harry M. Prince, con 17, observed all phases of civilian defense laboratory dealing exclusively with prob sulting architect of the New York Hous in virtually every part of England. lems of civilian defense should be estab ing Authority; Glenn C. Richards, Secre lished. Members of the mission, which consisted tary of the Department of Public Works, IX. Primary services: Chief considera of two police officers, two city engineers, Detroit: Major Prank M. Roessing, Di tion in setting up facilities for civilian a health commissioner, and an expert on rector of the Department of Public defense should be given to water, fire- boiising and building, all outstanding Works, Pittsbui-gh; Arthur W. Wallander, fighting apparatus, and communications. authorities in their own fields, reported Deputy Chief Inspector, New York Po X. Medical services: Physicians, first- that they bad received all possible coop lice Department: and Huntington 'Wil aid workers, ambulance and hospital eration from English officials. "Many liams, M. D., Commissioner of Health, services, should be very closely integrated. British subjects," they said, "expressed Baltimore. Flexibility In these medical services Is their appreciation for what the United Text of the mission's report follows: essential to meet unpredictable local States is contributing to the war." /. Organization and personnel: Con situations. The "Incident Doctor" is tinuation of the present organizational Twelve of recommendatioDs in effect very valuable In the vital matter of the set-up of regional directors of civilian de morale of casualties and workers. The Twelve of the mission's recommenda fense areas coordinated with local TJ. S. Public Health Service should col tions to Mayor I^Guardia are already in authorities is recommended. Adminis laborate actively with the Office of Civil operation and five others are under trative personnel in both States and mu ian Defense In the regional administra study. Each member of the group will nicipalities should be selected locally but tion of medical services. The Medical soon submit a comprehensive report and subject to confirmation by the Director Research Council should aid In the work recommendations based on his particular of the D. S. Office of Civilian Defense. and studies of the Office of Civilian study, including the preparation of mate //. Voluntary, compulsory, paid serv Defense. rial for such technical, detailed pam ices: The nucleus of civilian defense per XI. Organisation charts: Typical phlets as may be required. sonnel shoiUd be paid, full-time employ charts for local civilian defense should The mission recommended continua ees, supplemented by part-time be prepared for distilbution to State and tion of the present organizational set-up volunteers. In the event of war, there local authorities where needed. of regional directors of civilian defense should be proportionate increase of i}aid XII. Maps, inventories, surveys: All coordinated with local authorities. State workers and consideration should be wnij municipal administrative personnel given to compulsory retention of all municipalities should be urged to start being selected locally but subject to con personnel for the duration. the immediate preparation of the follow firmation by the Director of the U. S. ing: A. Complete maps; B. Inventories Office of Civilian Defense. It urged that Discipline must be maintained of all important repair supplies for pub the nucleus of civilian defense personnel ///. Discipline and rank: It is essential lic utilities; C. Stocks for emergency re should be paid, full-time employees, sup that civilian defense forces maintain pairs: D. Surveys of buildings and struc plemented by part-time volunteers, and proper discipline and that ranks be es tures. that whenever possible operational func tablished within the organization. tions such as the work of air wardens be Gaarding ntal points IV. Warden and auxiliary services: placed under the direct control of the lliat whenever possible, the operational XIII. Protection of sensitive points: police. functions of civilian defense services Plans should be made for the use of mili Fire, police exemptions urged should be supervised by the police; and tary police as guards for the protection that the wardens. Incident officers, shel of sensitive points, to supplement the The mission's report recommended that ter marshals, and messengers be placed "provision should be made for the exemp city, county, and State police. tion from military service of necessary under their direct control. XIV. Shelters: Complete plans should civilian defense personnel. Including the V. Military exemption of civilian de- be available for building of shelters in fire and police services." The matter Unse personnel: Provision should be vulnerable areas, In the event that the of such exemptions already has been made for the exemption from military use of shelters is found to be necessary. studied by OCD. The mission also re service of necessary civilian defense per XV. Evacvation and rehousing: Plans September 3, 1941 ★ ★ DEFENSE 23

should be made to study the best method of providing maximum protection for Pamphlet describes working program children in danger zones. This should Include a survey of reception areas and for emergency medical service facilities. XVI. Requisition of properties: Tlie Hie first of a series of pamphlets out The squads are designed for communi police or other designated authority lining medical provisions for civilian de ties varying in population from 25,000, should immediately earmark buildings fense, designed for the organization of 50,000 and 100.000. for requisitioning for civilian defense emergency medical field units, entitled Monthly drills urged purposes. "Emergency Medical Service for Civilian XVII. Air raid warning: A plan of air Defense" Bulletin No. 1. was Issued Au Under the heading, "Casualty Stations raid signals should be worked out in every gust 27 by the Office of Civilian Defense. and First Aid Posts," the Bulletin de detail. scribes the operation of these Emergency English experience cited Medical Field Units as follows: They re Cooperation with Commumcations Board In a foreword to the pamphlet, OCD spond promptly to the call of the control Director, LaQuardia. quotes from a simi XVIII. Communications: Liaison center and are dispatched from the near lar official bulletin issued In England in should be completed with Defense Com est hospitals in ambulances or other 1938, prior to the beginning of hostili munications Board for immediate report vehicles. They establish Casualty Sta ties as follows: on communication facilities available for tions at certain predetermined sites in "The need for (these measures) is not civilian defense purposes. The use of the vicinity of the disaster. For this related to any belief that war is immi ultra-high two-way voice radio Is recom- purpose, the Chief of Emergency Med nent. It arises from the fact that the mendad for communication between ical Service will provide a spot map of bombing Incident and control center; risk of attack from the air, however re the community on which is recorded the mote it may be. Is a risk that cannot be also for emergency point to point com available sites for casualty stations. Ignored, and because of preparations to munication when line service fails. Pi-om such casualty stations, teams of minimize the consequences of attack XIX. Bulletins and pamphlets: Copy one or more physicians, nurses and from the air, cannot be improvised on auxiliaries may be split off for the pur for bulletins, pamphlets, and posters cov the spur of the moment but must be pose of establishing subsidiary First Aid ering civilian defense should be prepared made, if they are to be effective, in time now so that it will be available for print Posts at other favorable sites. of peace." ing when necessary. It is strongly rec "Rescue squads" and "stretcher teams" Mayor LaGuardia concludes his pref bring the injured out of the danger zone ommended that nonofBcial publications ace to the pamphlet as follows: "Whether and conduct or transport them on relating to civilian defense should be or not we regard danger to the lives and stretches to the casualty stations and discouraged. property of our people as Imminent, I first aid posts. The Bulletin emphasizes XX. Vital records: Consideration would urge that immediate steps be taken the necessity for field di Uls of these imits should be given to the duplicating and to carry out these recommendations of at least once each month. safe storing of vital records. the Office of Civilian Defense in every XXI. Casualty bureau: One central State along our seaboards and in indus Evacuation hospitals casualty clearing bureau should be estab trial areas in the interior." Under the heading "Base and Evacua tion or Clearance Hospitals" the Bulletin lished for each local authority or munici Medical field units held fundamental pality under control of the police for outlines an inventory to be made by the Identifying and recording the Injured The pamphlet declares that providing Cliief of Emergency Me_dlcal Service of for medical service to casualties through and dead. hospitals, convalescent homes and other establishment of medical field units must Institutions within a radius of 50 or more Finger printing found necessary be a fundamental part of the civilian miles of each locality. These may be defense program. The pamphlet de XXII. Finger printing: Finger printing required in the event of an emergency, to scribes in detail the basic organization of entire population for Identification of release hospital beds within the city. plan of the Emergency Medical Service casualties is deemed necessary, Under the subheading "Transporta under the following subheadings: tion," the pamphlet describes essential XXIII. Office of Civilian Defense Atta- 1. Local Chief of Emergency Medical means of transporting casualties in sta- ch6, U. S. Embassy, London: There should Service (responsible for coordinating all tionwagons. trucks, ambulances, and be a special attach^ at the U. S. Embassy, local emergency medical facilities.) passenger vehicles. London, representing the Office of Civil- 2. Local Medical Advisory Council on The pamphlet concludes with a de Ian Defense. This is necessary for the Civilian Defense (includes representation scription of first aid courses which have prompt reporting and exchanging of from the health department, hospital been revised by the OCD In collaboration improved techniques in civOlan defense. field, local Red Cross Chapter, and mu with the American National Red Cross. XXrv. Priorities: High priorities nicipal and volunteer agencies). Tlie pamphlet declares it is the purpose should be established for the purchase of 3. Emergency Medical Field Units. of this program to provide first aid in Under each subheading the functions supplies and equipment for civilian struction at first for 5 percent of the of the several divisions are described in defense. personnel of every factory, business es detail. XXV. Blackouts: Further study in con- tablishment and Governmental depart Tlie pamphlet prescribes the personnel ment, who should comprise the "First Junction with the military should be of the Emergency Field Unit, divided into Aid Corps" of their organization. From made as to the advisability of complete squads on call for each 12 hour shift. this group, instruction should spread to blackouts or lighting control, under war Including physicians, nurses, and nursing all other employees and into every home conditions. auxiliaries. in the United States. September 3, 1941 24 Vr DEFENSE ★

shifts in propaganda treatment. Conse words of propaganda daily betray quently, through study of propaganda trends it is often possible to predict such coming events to FCC's radio listeners moves. A new course in policy can be reflected in broadcasts long before it is Created at the instigation of the De it becomes more difficult to obtain news announced ofBcially, or rumored in the fense Communications Board, the For from various countries by other means. press. Indeed, the altered tone of cer eign Broadcast Monitoring Service of the tain foreign broadcasts gave the first Broadcasts presage almost every move Federal Communications Commission is indication that Germany was about to now recording and reporting on foreign Today almost every political, diplo invade Russia, and that Japan Intended propaganda short-wave broadcasts from matic, or military move is presaged by to occupy Indo-China. all quarters of the world. Four listening posts time in from 600,- 000 to 900,000 words from abroad daily. One at Portland, Oreg., concerns itself 6, pounds of "pots and pans" already with Par Eastern broadcasts; another, at Kingsvllle. Tex., listens to Latin-Ameri on way toward defense production can events: the third, at Santurce, Puerto Rico, watches Eastern European trends, A total of 6,700.000 pounds of "pots and Approximately 2,800 fighting planes while the fourth, at Guilford, Md., covers pans" donated in the Nation-wide de could be manufactured from 10,500,000 the rest of Europe and all of Africa and fense aluminum collection by housewives pounds of aluminum. the Near East. has already moved toward defense pro On the basis of the present movement Work 24 hours a day duction, it was announced August 27 by of the aluminum scrap, it is expected that Production Director Biggers, OPM, and final shipments will be completed within Working in three shifts, 24 hours of the Civilian Defense Dii-ector IiaGuardia. the next 3 or 4 weeks. day, a special force of technicians, trans This total represents 124 separate Gov- Actual and estimated totals and aver lators, analysts, and other experts ernment-directed allocations from con ages per dwelling in pounds were: watches newscasts, taUis, and even musi centration points to smelters having de cal programs for intelligence and trends, fense preference ratings. which are speedily reported to Govern OPM has received final reports from Totslscrap Ecrop per ment officials responsible for counter- SUte collected. occupied 7 States and the District of Columbia, and pounds dwelling propaganda, or other action, if necessary. reports more than thi-ee-fourths com The work of the Foreign Broadcast plete from 10 additional States. P.hodc Islafid' ...... 204,000 1,0S8 Monitoring Service indicates that all Utah ' 100,000 .7IC 301.140 .673 propaganda instigated abroad invariably TOO, (no .620 Enough for2,800 fighting p!anes iudicatrd fOS.OOO .6n first shows itseJf in broadcasts. Conse 20.000 .600 quently it is necessary for our Govern These results to date indicate an esti Pi^frirt (if rnliimhifi > 84. 460 .403 New Jersey'— ...... BOO,000 .S4R ment to have knowledge of the short mated average collection of nearly half 280.000 .38Q Sft^OOO .380 wave "model." a pound of scrap per occupied dwelling. 25.000 .349 This "per family" estimate projected on 1,110.000 .300 At the same time, a considerable C50.000 .29(i amount of news and intelligence infor a Nation-wide basis indicates a national 210.000 .334 140.000 .200 mation comes over the short wave which collection of nearly 14,000,000 pounds of 100,801 "pots and pans." 40,000 .21,000 .r>86 which must be transmitted immediately OPM experts estimate that 14,000,000 67,000 to the proper Government officials. The pounds of scrap metal would yield about value of short-wave sources increases as 10,500,000 pounds of aluminum. 'Completed.

OFFICE FOR EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Wayne Cot, Liaison Officer Office of Production Management: Central Administbativb Services ; Sidney Office of Civilian Defense: Fiorello H. Sherwood, Director. LaGuardIa, Director. William S. Knudsen, Director General. Sidney Hillman, Associate Director General. Defense Aid Reports Bivision: MaJ. Gen. Office of the Coordinator of Inter-Ameri Secretary, Herbert EmmerJch. James H. Burns, Executive Officer. can Affairs; NcIboh Bockefeller, Coordi General Counsel, John Lord O'Erian. nator, Defense Communications Boaud: James Production Divibion: W. H. Harrison, Lawrence Fly, CKalrman. Office of Price Administration: Leon Hen Director. derson, Administrator. Defense Housing Division: C. F. Palmer, Purchases Division: Douglas I>. Mac- Consumer Division: In charge of Harriet Keachie, Director. Coordinator. Elliott, Associate OPA Administrator. PRionmES Division: Donald M. Nelson. Health, Welfare, NuTBinoN. Ricreation, and Supply Priorities and Allocations Board: Director. Related Defense AenvrriES: Paiil V. The Vice Pi-esident of the United States. McNutt, Coordinator. Matebialb Division: William L. Batt, Chairman; Donald M. Nelson, Executive Director. Information Division: Robert W. Horton, Director; The Secretary of War; The Secre Director. tary of the Navy; William S. Knudeen; Civilian Supply Division: Leon Bender* Sidney Hillman; Harry Hopkins; Leon son. Director. Kationai. Defense Mediation Board: Wm. H. Henderson. Davis, Chairman, Labor Division: Sidney Hillman, Director. Office of Scientific Reeeabch and Dotzlop- Transportation Division of the Advisory Research and Statistics Bureau: Stacy kznt: Dr. Vannevar Bush, Director. Commission: Ralph Budd, Commtssioner. May, Chief.

%. I. SOVEDMHENT PHIHTIIII omCCi IMI