Full Book PDF Download
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Toxic truths DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 1 08/06/2020 15:32 DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 2 08/06/2020 15:32 Toxic truths Environmental justice and citizen science in a post- truth age EDITED BY THOM DAVIES AND ALICE MAH Manchester University Press DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 3 08/06/2020 15:32 Copyright © Manchester University Press 2020 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced wholly or in part without the express permission in writing of both author and publisher. This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, thanks to the support of the European Research Council, which permits non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction provided the editor(s), chapter author(s) and Manchester University Press are fully cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Details of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 5261 3702 9 hardback ISBN 978 1 5261 3700 5 open access First published 2020 The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Front cover: Thom Davies, ‘Oil storage tanks in St. James, “Cancer Alley”, Louisiana’ (2018) Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire Contents List of figures vii List of tables viii List of contributors ix Acknowledgments xii List of abbreviations xiii Introduction: Tackling environmental injustice in a post-truth age – Thom Davies and Alice Mah 1 Part I: Environmental justice and participatory citizen science Introduction to Part I – Alice Mah 29 1 Toxic trespass: Science, activism, and policy concerning chemicals in our bodies – Phil Brown, Vanessa De La Rosa, and Alissa Cordner 34 2 Making effective participatory environmental health science through collaborative data analysis – Barbara L. Allen 59 3 Crude justice: Community- based research amid oil development in South Los Angeles – Bhavna Shamasunder, Jessica Blickley, Marissa Chan, Ashley Collier-Oxandale, James L. Sadd, Sandy Navarro, Nicole J. Wong, and Michael Hannigan 82 4 Environmental injustice in North Carolina’s hog industry: Lessons learned from community- driven participatory research and the “people’s professor” – Sarah Rhodes and KD Brown, Larry Cooper, Naeema Muhammad, and Devon Hall 99 Part II: Sensing and witnessing injustice Introduction to Part II – Thom Davies 119 5 The auger: A tool of environmental justice in Ecuadorian toxic tours – Amelia Fiske 124 DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 5 08/06/2020 15:32 vi Contents 6 Witnessing e- waste through participatory photography in Ghana – Peter C. Little 140 7 Making sense of visual pollution: The “Clean City” law in São Paulo, Brazil – Marina Da Silva 158 Part III: Political strategies for seeking environmental justice Introduction to Part III – Alice Mah 177 8 Legitimating confrontational discourses by local environmental groups: The case of air quality monitoring in a Spanish industrial area – Miguel A. López-Navarro 182 9 Environmental justice in industrially contaminated sites: From the development of a national surveillance system to the birth of an international network – Roberto Pasetto and Ivano Iavarone 199 10 Soft confrontation: Strategic actions of an environmental organization in China – Xinhong Wang and Yuanni Wang 220 Part IV: Expanding citizen science Introduction to Part IV – Thom Davies 237 11 Whose citizenship in “citizen science”? Tribal identity, civic dislocation, and environmental health research – Elizabeth Hoover 242 12 Modes of engagement: Reframing “sensing” and data generation in citizen science for empowering relationships – João Porto de Albuquerque and André Albino de Almeida 267 13 Science, citizens, and air pollution: Constructing environmental (in)justice – Anneleen Kenis 282 14 Beyond the data treadmill: Environmental enumeration, justice, and apprehension – Nicholas Shapiro, Nasser Zakariya, and Jody A. Roberts 301 Index 326 DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 6 08/06/2020 15:32 Figures 1.1 Published scientific research on various emerging contaminants. Research on emerging contaminants has increased over the last two decades 40 2.1 Map of the region, including zones where the study occurred and locations of industrial activity 63 2.2 Residents analyzing data in focus groups 67 2.3 Homes and industry in Fos- sur- Mer 69 3.1 Location map. Study area is located in the mid- city area of Los Angeles, just west of downtown 90 4.1 Industrial hog operations sited in eastern North Carolina 103 6.1 An urban authority fire 145 6.2 Workers showing their collected copper wires 149 6.3 Scrap worker meeting and market blessing 150 7.1 São Paulo’s buildings with covered billboards, graffiti, and pixo, found at Via Elevado Pres. João Goulart where the author conducted some of the interviews 160 8.1 Campaign image “Saps què respires?” 189 9.1 The Gela petrochemical complex. View from the ancient acropolis of the town, now included in the archaeological museum district. 203 9.2 Italy. Percentage of communities living close to Sites of National Interest for decontamination and remediation by level of deprivation in macro- areas (North, Center, South and the Islands) 210 14.1 Holding the formaldehyde tube in Joe’s home. 302 14.2 Leslie Nevon Holden and Pat Lamborn in The White Mountains, performed at the ACT II Playhouse in Ambler, PA, April 2015 314 14.3 Two Aerocene solar sculptures floating above Paradise Bay, Antarctica as a part of the Antarctic Biennale, March 2017. The albedo (reflectivity) of the snow keeps the aerostats afloat even with partial clouds 316 DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 7 08/06/2020 15:32 Tables 2.1 Health issues in the Fos EPSEAL study and relevant comparison populations 65 3.1 Sensitive land uses in selected areas hosting oil production facilities 87 3.2 Demographics of West Adams and University Park within the 1,500 ft. buffer 88 4.1 Lessons learned from community- driven participatory research conducted in North Carolina 113 DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 8 08/06/2020 15:32 Contributors Barbara Allen is Professor of Science, Technology, and Society at Virginia Tech University, Washington DC Campus. Jessica Blickley is a Biology Instructor in the Natural Sciences Division at Pasadena City College, California. KD Brown is a PhD candidate in the Department of Geography at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Phil Brown is University Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Health Sciences and Director of the Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute (SSEHRI) at Northeastern University, Massachusetts. Marissa Chan is the Environmental Research and Policy Coordinator at Black Women for Wellness in Los Angeles, California. Ashley Collier-Oxandale is Postdoctoral Researcher in Environmental Engineering at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Larry Cooper is Administrative Director of the Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help (REACH) in Duplin County, North Carolina. Alissa Cordner is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Whitman College, Washington. Thom Davies is Assistant Professor in the School of Geography at the University of Nottingham, UK. Marina Da Silva is a PhD student in Visual Sociology at Goldsmiths, University of London. DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 9 08/06/2020 15:32 x Notes on contributors João Porto de Albuquerque is Professor and Director of the Institute of Global Sustainable Development at the University of Warwick, UK. André Albino de Almeida is Assistant Professor at the Technical College of Limeira, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Brazil. Vanessa De La Rosa is Postdoctoral Researcher in the Social Science Environmental Health Research Institute (SSEHRI) at Northeastern University, Massachusetts. Amelia Fiske is Senior Research Fellow in the Institute for History and Ethics of Medicine at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. Devon Hall is the co-founder and program manager of the Rural Empowerment Association for Community Help (REACH) in Duplin County, North Carolina. Michael Hannigan is Associate Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder. Elizabeth Hoover is Manning Assistant Professor of American Studies at Brown University. Ivano Iavarone is a Researcher in the Department of Environment and Health at the Italian National Institute of Health. Anneleen Kenis is Postdoctoral Fellow of the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), affiliated with KU Leuven, Belgium, and Lecturer at King’s College London, UK. Peter C. Little is Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Rhode Island College. Miguel A. López-Navarro is Associate Professor in the Business Administration and Marketing Department at Jaume I University, Spain. Alice Mah is Professor of Sociology at the University of Warwick, UK. Naeema Muhammad is Organizing Co- Director of the North Carolina Environmental Justice Network. DAVIES & MAH 9781526137029 PRINT.indd 10 08/06/2020 15:32 Notes on contributors xi Sandy Navarro