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X. Notes on the Ancient Cattle of Scotland :— I. the Small

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X. Notes on the Ancient Cattle of Scotland :— I. the Small ANCIENE NOTETH N SO T CATTL 7 SCOTLANDF EO 58 . X. NOTES ON THE ANCIENT CATTLE OF SCOTLAND :— SMALE TH . I L SHORT-HORNE , SOSDOX LONGIFRONS, OWEN.. II. THE GREAT LONG-HORNED OX, THE URUS, BOS PRIMIGENIUS, BOJANUS, AND OWEN. BY JOHN ALEXANDER SMITH, M.D., V.P. S.A. SCOT., ETC. (PLATE XLI.) It has been suggested that some notes on the ancient Cattle of Scot- land, especiall representes ya theiy b d r remain e Museuth e th n i s f mo Society, might not be altogether uninteresting to the Fellows; as a con- tinuatio e paperanciene th th f n o so t animal countrye th f so e Eein th , - Deer, the Elk, and the Irish Elk, already published in the Proceedings of the Society. The Society has accordingly given me permission, to reprint some papers read by me many years ago before another Society, and published where they are not now easily accessible, and probably have not been seen by the Fellows of this Society. These notices describe some e remaine oancienth fth f o st cattle preserve e Museuth e th n di f mo Society I shal d lan ,supplemen t them with detail e speci somf th so f -eo mens since presente Museume th o dt otherd ,an s foun differenn di t partf so Scotland; giving also a short sketch of their Geological Age and their Distribution enabl o judgt o t s a s eu eo s somewha, previoue th f o t s exist- ence and prevalence of these animals in our country. I. THE SMALL SHORT-HORNED OX, SOS LONGIFBONS, OWES. The following paper gives some details of the Eoman remains discovered Newsteadt a , Eoxburghshire varioue th f o sd animaan , l remains foundt I . , howeveris , especially take p wite u descriptionth h e ancienth f o n t short-horned cattle; and I think it best, instead of re-arranging, simply to n detailgivi t i e , more e remainespeciallth l al ss a ydescribe d were presented by me to the Museum of the Society, where they are now preserved. Some note e alsar so so-callee giveth f no d wild white cattle still existing in the country. (The attentio publie th f no c has, since this pape reads wa r , been called especian a n i l manne theso rt e whit erecene cattlth y etb visi H.E.Hf o t . A- 8 58 PROCEEDING SOCIETYE TH F SO , JUN . 1872E10 : The Prince of Wales to ChillinghamCastle, Northumberland. The account s shootinohi f g ther wila e d10te bullth hn o ,Octobe r 1872 s beeha , n e newspaperspublisheth l al n i d , especiall e " Illustrateth n yi d London News, 19tf "o h Octobe 16td an rh November 1872, where figure givee sar n of Chillingham Castle, the Cattle, &c. The writer states that " it was fina e bull, seven years weighinoldd an , stones0 g7 . ... t existsI . e w , believe, nowher t Chillinghaa t ebu foune Scotlandb n i mn o i ; dt s i t i , demesne th f Cadzoweo t Hamiltoa , e Clyde."—Pth n no . 476.) The second Notice gives details of portions of additional crania of these short-horned cattle, same founth en d i locality . (1.) NOTICES OF VARIOUS ANIMAL REMAINS, AS THE SMALL SHORT-HORNED Ox, s longifrons,&o.,Bo POUND WITH EOMAN POTTEEY,NEAB NEWSTEAD, ROXBURGHSHIRE; WITH NOTE REFERENCN SI ORIGIE TH F OUO NO ET B DOMESTI CE " WILCATTLETH D D AN WHIT, E CATTL F ETHI O " S COUNTRY JOHy B .N ALEXANDER SMITH, M.D. (With Plate.)1 In the winter of 1846-47, during the excavation of a cutting on the Hawiek branch of the North British Railway, in the neighbourhood of Melrose, and a little to the east of the village of Newstead, a number of shaft r well-liko s e pits were come upon. There were abouf o x t si fiv r o e these of a large size, two of which were built round the sides with stones, and were about 20 feet deep, and about 2 feet 6 inches in diameter; the others , e groundbeinth f o g t ,simpl werou g eydu abou fee4 t diametern i t , and varying from 15 to 18 feet in depth. These pits were all found in a space of about 30 yards square, and among them were discovered some 15 or 16 small pits, about 3 feet deep and 3 feet in diameter, which were lined throughout with a layer of whitish clay, some 5 or 6 inches thick. All these pits were filled wit hblaca k peaty-like stuff, apparently damp ashe then earthd i sd an m an , were observed numerous piece f Romaso n pottery, consisting principall e dark-coloureth f yo smother-kilr do n ware, coarser varietie graye th d yellowish f san ,o alsd an o, some portione th f so fine red or Samian ware, both plain and embossed. Many of these, I have 1 Read befor Koyae eth l Physical Society, Edinburgh, Apri , 1851 2 publisheld an , d thn i e "Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, Seriesw Ne " , Vol . cviilivNo .. January 1853. ANCIENE NOTETH N SO T CATTi SCOTLAND9 F EO 58 . been informed, might have "been preserved entire, or the hroken fragments collected together, which I ,regre o sayt t , -were carelessly thrown with the earth and rubbish to form the adjoining mound. I have been able to collect a few specimens of the different kinds of ware (some of which I exhibit), and have presented them to the Museum of the Scottish Antiquaries. Several silve brasd an r s Emperore coinsth f o , s Vespasian, Trajan Hadriand an , , were als obonee foundth variouf d so an , s animals. I shall not enter here into the more strictly antiquarian details of the subject (which I have already, some time ago, fully described in another place—see Proceedings Soc. Ant. Scot , &c.Archseologid 28 an ,. TO!p . i , a Sootica, vol. iv. p. 422), farther than to say, that the popular idea of these pits having been wells seems rather absurd, if we consider the numbe f theo r m clustered together wels a ,thei s a l r near neighbourhood Eivee toth r Tweed. English archaeologists call pit thif so s kind rubbish- hole r diro s t pits e namth , e sufficiently pointin t theigou r suppose ;e dus but it certainly seems to me very strange, that the Romans should have take muco ns h apparently unnecessary troubl r sucefo hpurposea e th s a , land would surely not be so very valuable in those ancient days, and the Eiver Tweed, runnin o grean t a tg distance fro me north th the n m,o would seem to afford a simple means for carrying off anything of the kind. I am inclined to the opinion, from considering all the circum- stances of the ease, that these had been the burying-places of the ancient Roman town, which I believe to have existed in the immediate neigh- bourhood, and that in these pits were deposited the inurned ashes gathered from the extinguished funeral piles of the dead ; the remains of sacrificed animals being then apparently laid over them as their most appropriate covering. However this may be, pits of a corresponding kind have been discovere variousn di place Englandawaren si m a I s , a thi r ; sfa but s a , is onl e seconyth d time anythin l resemblinal t ga g the bees mha n noticed or describe occurrins da Scotlandn gi ease littl f A thesth o t. o e t e pitsa bed or stratum of considerable size, and consisting apparently of burnt earth, mixed with wood charcoal, was observed, and a little farther to the east another of smaller size was also come upon; and in both of these, various pieces of pottery, and the bones and teeth of animals, were dis- covered t bein I regre.no y g m ablt givo et satisfactory d fulea an l account e variouoth f s animal remains which these bedpitd an s containeds a , 590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, JUNE 10, 1872. most of them were carelessly dug out by the rough hands of the " navvies," and added wit e earthth for o ht adjoininn ma g mound. Thos eI hav e heen abl colleco et examind followine an t th e ear g :— In the first place, however, I must notice the discovery of a Human Skeleton in a pit, ahout 3 feet in diameter, and 10 feet in depth, a little to the south-west of the large built pits. It was found standing erect, with a spear beside it; the head of the spear was of iron, 14 inches long, Iron Spear-head, found with Human Skeleton Roman i , n shaft, Newstead, Roxburgh- shire.1 (In the Museum of the Society.) and 1£ inch broad at its widest part, and traces of the handle still remained, the rotten wood falling out on the spear being touched. The skull alon s preservedwa e , and, throug e kindnes hth friendy m r f D o ,s Brown, Melrose, is now in my possession (since presented to the Museum Human Skull, foun Eoman di n shaft near Newstead, Roxburghshire.1 Scottise oth f h Antiquaries) wels i t I l formed. f moderato , ee sizeth f o , Caucasian type, with strongly-marked muscular impressionse th d an , f theso e e us woodcutsindebte m e a th I 1 r fo d , whic "Wilson'r givee D har n i n s " Prehistoric Annals," to Messrs Constable & Co., Publishers, &c.
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