Notes on the Ancient Cattle of Scotland

N E T E 58 OT S ON H ANCIE NT CATTLE O F SCOTLAND . 7

NO TE S O N TH E ANCIE NT CATTLE O F SCOTLAND

- MA SH O RT H O RNE D X B G S O WE N. I . T H E S O OS L ON IFR ON LL , , ’ II TH E GRE AT O NG- H O RNE D O X TH E URUS BO PRI MI GE NI US . L , , S . JANUS AND O WE N O . B ,

LE X E T L T E XLI . N . P. S . A SC O T . E C BY JO H N A A D R SM TH M. D . V . I , , . , (P A )

I t has been suggested that some no tes on the ancient C attle of Scot

an s a a s s n r m a ns in us um o f l d, e peci lly repre e ted by thei re i the M e the

S o m not a o un n s n to F l o s as a con ciety, ight be lt gether i tere ti g the e l w tinuatio o f a s on an n an ma s O f oun R n n the p per the cie t i l the c try, the ei

D E lk and I s E lk a ad u s d in P o d n s eer, the , the ri h , lre y p bli he the r cee i g o f The So has a o d n n m e m ss on to the Society. ciety cc r i gly give per i i

n s o m a s a me m an a s a o o ano So repri t e p per re d by y ye r g bef re ther ciety , and u s d W ar e no t now as a ss and o a av p bli he here they e ily cce ible, pr b bly h e n n n f h Th s no s d s som ot bee see by the Fellows o t is Society. e e tice e cribe e of the remains of the ancient cattle preserved in the M useum of the

S o and I s a su m n m d a s of som O f s ciety, h ll pple e t the with et il e the peci m n n t u um and o s o und in d ff n a s of e s si ce presented o the M se , ther f i ere t p rt Scotland ; giving also a short sketch O f their Geologica l A ge and their

D is u on so as to na us to u some a O f the o us s trib ti , e ble j dge wh t previ exi t

ma in u ence and prevalence of these ani ls our c o ntry.

’ - I . TH E SMA SH O RT H O RNE D O X BOS L ON GIFR ONS OWE N. LL , ,

The following paper gives s ome details of the Ro man remains discovered I t a t Newstead R o u s and O f a ous an ma ma ns oun . xb rgh hire, the v ri i l re i f d is o s a a n u s on of an n , h wever, e peci lly t ke p with the de cripti the cie t s o - o n a and n s ns a of r e - a an n s m h rt h r ed c ttle I thi k it be t, i te d rr gi g, i ply to in a mo s a as all ma ns s d give it det il, re e peci lly the re i de cribe were

s n d me to us um of So ar e no w pre e te by the M e the ciety, where they

s d Som no s ar a o n of so- a d w a pre erve . e te e ls give the c lle wild hite c ttle

i l s n in st l exi ti g the country.

The a n on of u has s n s a was a n a ( tte ti the p blic , i ce thi p per re d , bee c lled H i w v s o f H . R . n an especial m anner to these hite cattle by the recent i it . E I E TY JUNE 1 0 . 1 3 7 2 . 588 PRO CEE DINGS or T H S O C ,

The a ount W to C l n am Cas No um an . cc The Prince of ales hil i gh tle, rth berl d 8 2 has e n i n r a u l on l 0th O o 1 7 , b e of h s shooti g the e wild b l , the ct ber on ll n ws a s s al in the I us ra Lon published in a the e p per , e peci ly ll t ted d n f 1 9th O o and l 6 th N o m 1 8 7 2 u s ar e g News, o ct ber ve ber , where ﬁg re ive “ The r sta s a it was a th a &c. of Chillingham C stle, e C ttle, w iter te th t is s n u s n a s old and n 7 0 s on s It , a ﬁ e b ll, eve ye r , weighi g t e ex t we an is to oun in believe nowhere but at Chillingham in Sco tl d, it be f d , — f at Ha m on on C . P. the demesne o Cadzow, ilt the lyde f The second Notice gives deta ils o f portions of additiona l crania o

- orn a found i n sam oca i . these short h ed c ttle, the e l l ty

- R NE D NO TICES or vm ro us As u ni. R E A N S a s TH E SM LL SH O RT H O (L) M I , A W R O M N O TT ERY NE R NE WSTE AD X s l n r ns &c. FO UND ITH , 0 , Bo o gif o , , A P , A ROXBURGH SH IRE ; WIT H NO T E S m R E F E RE NCE To T H E O R IGI N O F O U R

D O ME T I C TTLE A ND T H E WILD WH ITE C TTLE O F TH IS S C A , A 1 T H M D TVith P a . O UNTRY . B O H N AL E X ND E R S . . C y J A MI , ( l te )

I n n of 1 8 46—4 7 du n a a on of a u n on the wi ter , ri g the exc v ti c tti g the

H f B Ra way in n ou oo of awick branch o the North ritish il , the eighb rh d

l os and a to a s o f the a of Newstead a num r of M e r e, little the e t vill ge , be

- n T w a ou or six of shafts or well like pits were c ome u po . here ere b t ﬁve

s of a a s z two of w w u oun s s s on s the e l rge i e, hich ere b ilt r d the ide with t e , and re a ou 20 d and a ou 2 6 in s in iam ter the we b t feet eep, b t feet che d e ; o s n s m du out of ound w a ou 4 in di am ther , bei g i ply g the gr , ere b t feet eter, s re all foun in a and varying from 1 5 to 1 8 feet in d epth . These pit we d s a of a ou 30 ar s s uar and a mon m r disco re so m p ce b t y d q e, g the we e ve d e

1 5 or 1 6 sma ts a ou d and 3 in iam i e ll pi , b t 3 feet eep feet d eter, wh ch wer

n r ou ou a a o f w s la som 5 or 6 n es hi . li ed th gh t with l yer hiti h c y, e i ch t ck

All s s r l w a a a —i stuff a ar n am the e pit we e ﬁl ed ith bl ck pe ty l ke , pp e tly d p as s and ar and in h m w o s he e th , t e ere b erved numerous pieces of Roman

o r ons s n r n a l O f da - o o u o r sm o r—kﬂn a p tte y, c i ti g p i cip l y the rk c l red the w re,

oars a s of a a nd l o w s an c er v rietie the gr y, ye l i h, d also some portions of the

ﬁne or Sam an ar o h ain and m oss Ma n f I a . o red i w e, b t pl e b ed v these, h ve

1 R ead be o e the Ro a Ph s a So iet E d nbu h A r 2 1 85 1 an ub ishe f r y l y ic l c y, i rg , p il , , d p l d “ ” in the Edin u h New Phi oso h a Journal w V Ne Se ies . . N . b rg l p ic l , r , ol. liv O cvii a a J nu ry 1 853 . NOTE S O N TH E N E NT TTLE r S TL 58 A CI CA o CO AND . 9 been n o m m a n s r n or n m n i f r ed , ight h ve bee pre e ved e tire, the broke frag e ts

o d o I to sa a ss ow n w c llecte t gether, which, regret y, were c rele ly thr ith

a and u s to o m ad o n n m I a n the e rth r bbi h f r the j i i g ound . h ve bee able to collect a few specimens of the different kinds Of ware (some o f w I a nd a s n d m to u u hich exhibit), h ve pre e te the the M se m of the Sco ttish An u ar s . S a s and ass o ns O f E m s s as an tiq ie ever l ilver br c i , the peror Ve p i ,

T a an and H a an a so o und and on s of a ous an ma s r j , dri , were l f , the b e v ri i l . I shall not enter here i nto the more strictly antiquarian details of the su w I ha a ad som m a o u d s d in an bject ( hich ve lre y, e ti e g , f lly e cribe other — a see P o n e l. . 28 c. n s oc Ant . o v o & . d Archa l ia S . S . a o o pl ce r ceedi g c t i p , , g S o c ol a v . . . fa an to sa a o u a d a O f c ti , iv p rther th y, th t the p p l r i e s i s a n n w s s ms a a s u d we ons the e p t h vi g bee ell ee r ther b r , if c ider the num O f m us o e as w as n a n ou ood ber the cl tered t geth r, ell their e r eighb rh

w E n l a e to the River T eed . g ish rcha ologists call pits of this kind rubbish

o s or s na m su fi n o n n out r s h le dirt pit , the e f cie tly p i ti g thei suppo ed use but a n s ms to me s an ha t R o mans u it cert i ly ee very tr ge , t the sho ld have

a n so mu a a n u nn ssa ou for su a u os a th t ke ch pp re tly ece ry tr ble ch p rp e, s e

an ou su not so v a ua in os an n da s and l d w ld rely be very l ble th e cie t y , the

R T w unn n at no a di s an om m o n no iver eed , r i g gre t t ce fr the the rth , wo uld seem to afford a simple mea ns for carrying Off anything of the

n I am n in to O n on o m ons d n all ki d. i cl ed the pi i , fr c i eri g the circum s an s O f the as a ha n u n - f t ce c e, th t these d bee the b ryi g places O the ancient

R oman ow n which I l to a x s in mm d a n t , be ieve h ve e i ted the i e i te eigh bourho od and a in s s os nu n d as s a h , th t the e pit were dep ited the i r e he g t ered from the extinguished funeral piles of the dead the remains O f sa criﬁced animals being then apparently laid over them as their mos t appro priate

H i a n nd a o n . o s ma s of o s on n c veri g wever th y be , pit c rre p di g ki h ve bee d s o in a ous a s in E n an b ut as far as I a m a a s i c vered v ri pl ce gl d ; , w re , thi is only the s econd time anything at all res embling them has been no ticed or described as o ccurring in A little to the ea st Of thes e pits a

or s a um o f ons a l s z and ons s n a a n of u n bed tr t c ider b e i e , c i ti g pp re tly b r t

a m o a oa was O s and a a to e rth, ixed with wo d ch rc l , b erved , little f rther

as ano of smal s z was a so o m u on and in o o f s the e t ther ler i e l c e p ; b th the e,

a ous s of o and on s and t of an ma s dis v ri piece p ttery, the b e eeth i l , were

g I m not n a to . a ul and sa s fa o a o un covered . re ret y bei g ble give f l ti ct ry cc t

f the a ous an ma ma ns w s s and s on ai n d as O v ri i l re i hich the e bed pit c t e , 5 90 RO C EE DI NGS O F T HE S C E TY JUNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . P O I , ,

f na s mo st of them were carelessly dug out by the rough hands o the vvie , T os I a and a dded w ith the earth to fo rm an adj o ining m o und . h e h ve been able to c ollect a nd exa mine a re the fo llo w ing

I n the s a ow I mus no d s o of a H uma n ﬁr t pl ce, h ever, t tice the i c very

Skeleto n in a a ou 3 a nd 1 0 in 9. pit, b t feet in diameter, feet depth, little

to so u - w s of a ui I t w a s ound s andi n the th e t the l rge b lt pits. f t g erect,

w a s a s d ad f a w as o f on 1 4 n s on ith pe r be i e it the he o the spe r ir , i che l g,

I on S ear - head found w h H uman S e e on in Roman sha f News ea d Roxbu h r p , it k l t , t, t , rg l

. I S e shire ( n the Museum o f the oci ty. )

and 1 n oad at its w d s a and a s o f } i ch br i e t p rt, tr ce the handle still ma n d o n w oo d a n out on th e s a n ou d re i e , the r tte f lli g pe r bei g t che . The s u a on w as s d and t r ou the ndn ss of m r nd D r k ll l e pre erve , , h gh ki e y f ie , B ow n os is no w in m o ss ss on s n s n d to th r , M elr e, y p e i ( i ce pre e te e M useum

S fo nd i a i l H um an ku , u n Rom n sh a near News ead lloxbur hs ll ft t , g biw .

o s A n ua es I o f S ) . t is w o m d of mod a s z of the the c tti h tiq ri ell f r e , er te i e,

a an w s on - C u as , ma d mus u a m s s ons an c i type ith tr gly rke c l r i pre i , d the

l ' ' I am ndeb ed for th e us e o f hese wo od u s wh ch a re i t t c t , i given in D r “ ilson s Pr eh s or Annals to Messrs onst ab e Co . b , , Pu shers &c E d n r i t ic C l li , . , i bu g h . NOT E S O N THE AN IE NT ATT LE OF S O TLAND 5 9 1 C C C .

n a soun and o n n d n the s u o f an teeth ge er lly d little w r , bei g evi e tly k ll adu ma in m f A n am na u mad lt le the pri e o life . ex i tion of it was caref lly e

D r W “ D . son and m s for his n s n a O n the C an a by il y elf, i tere ti g p per r i ” o f T u um a to B . A ss r o . and o o n a e the li (re d rit c here), the f ll wi g the

a s of its a ous m ns o ns a o n t m us D r det il v ri di e i , cc rdi g o the ter s ed by M — orton in n r . C r a ia Ame ica na . L on u n m in 3 lin a a 7 . the git di l di eter ,

a d am 5 in . 4 lin n in . li . a . o a d am 4 6 n a p riet l i eter, ; fr t l i eter, vertic l m 5 in d a 4 lin. n mas o d a 1 4 in lin. n mas o . 7 di eter, ; i ter t i rch , . } ; i ter t i a om u oo of z oma o ss 1 2 in in mas o d n rch , fr pper r t yg tic pr ce , ; ter t i li e ,

“ 5 in 3 lin. m m i 6 1in . f z o a o ss 5 n. . do . o u oo o 5 ; , fr pper r t yg tic pr ce , ; — n to o o on a 1 in 4 l . a o u a a 4 . in d o . om o ccipit fr t l rch , ; , fr ccipit l pr t ber ce 0 i 6 in oo of nasa on s 1 2 in. 9 lin. o zon a 2 n. l . r t l b e , ; h ri t l periphery, relative capacity (which is here assumed by adding together the longitu

n a z n 3 in l na a d a m s and o o a 3 . in. di l vertic l di eter the h ri t l periphery), l

I f s s on o m a was ound ons d d a t thi kelet , fr the pl ce where it f , be c i ere th

of a Roman z n m us in m o n on a on d to a citi e , it t, y pi i , h ve bel ge the l ter perio d of their o ccupa tion of this district ; as it was not till then that

a of u n n a an to n u and the s m the pr ctice b r i g the de d beg be give p , i pler

It is not m o a m a on ri te of inhumation reintroduced . i pr b ble it y bel g to a much later period b ut on this difﬁcult subject it is no easy matter t o d deci e .

O f a ous ma ns o f o an ma s w o the v ri re i the l wer i l hich were c llected , the

s I s al no has n l a d the no asso a of man ﬁr t h l tice bee we l c lle ble ci te ,

I to H o s E uus ca ba llus Linn to w I ons d s refer the r e, q , , hich c i er thi

a f mu la d s u to a on d and w s ms to a ba ck p rt o a ti te k ll h ve bel ge , hich ee h ve

been an animal o f rather a small size .

h ommon H o S us scr o a Linn of a sma The next is t e C g, f , , which ll

It is as s n u s d its u a o m a w was s d . lower j pre erve e ily di ti g i he by pec li r f r ,

nd s n o on w h u u a d o ns and the posterio r gri er bei g bl g, it t berc l te cr w , the

s incisors sloping forward . The third animal which I have to no tice is represented merely by a

a u an a a n of C omm on S a or R ed D p ortion of ro nd tler, pp re tly the t g eer,

m to a a of s or ow ant cla hus L nn. It s s C er vzts p , i ee be p rt the ﬁr t br ler

m d ha o a an s sa to os o f and I was i nfor e , t t t ler bly perfect tler , id be th e

had a so n ound but s I w as una to for the red deer , l bee f the e ble get examination. r r un S O E TY JUNE 1 0 1 87 2 . 5 92 PRO CE E D INGS o CI , ,

u s an a ar n o on s o f The other remains consisted of s k ll , d pp e tly ther b e

- - w O n I s a l a m mo ar u a to sma ll sized Short bo ed xe , which h l tte pt re p tic l rly

s d a a ud to w l - nown fa of r ous d e cribe. I nee h rdly ll e the el k ct the p evi

w f no mous o n — one exis tence in Brita in of t o species o e r wild xe , the the

s a g B s on o r ar - o n d and m Urns B08 r imi h gy i , the the the l ge h r e ighty ( p

enins an an ma a o d n to C aesa almos ua n the g , i l, cc r i g r, t eq lli g

n u in a on to s a so s o —o n d elepha t in bulk b t, dditi the e, there were l h rt h r e

f a ze h ha n o to a s in cattle o very inferior si , whic ve bee pr ved h ve exi ted

B ta n o rio of n o n or ma on r ma ns ri i fr m the pe d the ewer pli ce e f ti , thei re i

n oun in fts and r s - w a d os s alon os of th e bei g f d dri f e h ter ep it , g with th e mammo and no os and in c aves of sam o — th the rhi cer , the the e peri d, the

e m a a n of s a s a nd ae na s as pr y, it y h ve bee , tiger , be r , hy well as through

d os s of a u um o wn to s n in o s the ep it the ll vi ; d their exi te ce the b g , and among the tra ces of men in the la test of all the fo rma tions being s pared ’ a a n f r m n sa a pp re tly o a s ke, while their dre d contempora ries of ea rlie r

m s ha d as s m a o f a t ro . A i s o ti e p ed f the f ce the e r h fter th , h wever, thev a so s m to sa a as a d s n s s s s n ma i n l ee di ppe r i ti ct pecie , till exi ti g, it y be, som of man a s of our s n om s a e the y v rietie pre e t d e tic ted ox.

This small short- horned ox Pro fes sor O wen has designated the BO S

Z ns n s l a n . P o on r o . It o sso sa s i n bel g , the e r ed r fe r y n his excellent " “ o on Br s Foss l amma s our r s n a w rk iti h i M l , like p e e t c ttle, to the sub

nus Bos as is s own o m o f or a ge , h by the f r the f ehe d, and by the o rigin of the horns from the extremities of the o ccipita l ridge ; but it differs fro m

' on m o a Bos r imi em us not on i the c te p r ry p g , ly by ts great inferiori ty of s z in small an or na s of om s a i e, be g er th the di ry breed d e tic c ttle, but also

o ns n o o t ona l mu sma r and s o te w by the h r bei g pr p r i l y ch lle h r r, as ell as

f n r and o a n ss on a dif ere tly di ected, by the f rehe d bei g le c c ve . The horn c ores of the B08 Zonn rons describe a single short cur ve outwards and

o a s in lan of o ad ra r s n a o a t lane f rw rd the p e the f rehe , rely i i g b ve th p , mo a s nk n o the o s a a ru o re r rely i i g bel w it c re h ve very gged exteri r, and ” ' “ ar e us ual ﬂat at u r a . Vida O n s B F r . os. mm ly their ppe p rt ( we it M a al. \ a to o n o s P o s so Vith reg rd the h r c re , r fe r O wen seems to allow some little d o as to s z and a u u a u e . In a udi n 5 l tit e b th their i e c rv t r ll g (p . 01 ) to the n s n u s o m U rns bei g di ti g i hed fr the Bos ta ur us by its great s ize and the f o ns r on o , uo s o m Cu r o o n m di ecti the h r he q te fr vie the f ll wi g re ark, The na u a s l no s a su t r li t wel k w th t ch characters are neither constant no r NOTES ON THE N E NT T TLE A 5 9 3 A CI CA or SCOTL ND. proper for the distinction of species ; a nd accordingly he admits tha t

U us was su to som a in s s and in the r bject e v riety these re pect ; , the assa us a a ars to a o w f an p ge j t quoted, he lso ppe ll a certain amount o r ge in ur a ur f orn o s o f B0 l n sa s as the c v t e o the h c re the 8 o nr ons for he y , “ a a m n on ar s a o f o ad lre dy e ti ed , they r ely ri e b ve the plane o the f rehe , ” and mo a re r rely fall below it . The fo ur skulls in my possession (which I now exhibit) seem to c orre sp ond very considerably with thes e general characters of the B03 longi

r ons we ons r n a o an mad for nd of f , if c ide a ll w ce e the slightly upward be

o n o s of one at as of m w a the o a d the h r c re le t the , hile they gree with f rw r

u a u a d ar ris a o an Ind d n s f or a . c rv t re, c cely e b ve the pl e o the f ehe d ee , tw f o o m No III . and IV . s m os to s m the ( s. ) ee very cl ely re e ble the s r on n P o ssor O w n and orns of N0 . IV . s a de c ipti give by r fe e , the h e peci lly

o s nd tw N os I . and I I P a a a s o o r o . . ride ou h c rre p ; the the , ( l te), lth g perh p s d f r n and of ra a a s z s a ons a in lightly if e e t, ther l rg er i e, till gree c ider bly f I mos a u a s a s o s o . n ro a a u a t p rtic l r the l rge t the e, N bei g p b bly b ll, s well

om its a r s z and mo s on - ma o n o s as om r o fr l rge i e re tr gly rked h r c re , fr the p

ona a r and s uar r o a is to a po rti lly bro de q e f rehe d, which believed be ch rac

i tic o ma and o s n in all o a l o I ter s f the le ; the ther bei g pr b bi ity c ws . w ould be inclined to account for their slight differences upon the sup position of these skulls being the remains of cattle which had beco me ’ a at a a od in our oun s is o n domestic ted th t e rly peri c try h t ry, whe the Roman so ldier was a dweller in the south of Scotland ; and shou ld they

ons d as not a so ut d n a Bos lou r ons t be c i ered b l ely i e tic l with the n , hey s eem a pparently so closely alli ed as to afford a strong reason for believing

at ll n s na sou om had n r d it to be, a eve t , the tive rce fr which they bee de ive .

a a of d ff n m ns ons as om a I have made out t ble their i ere t di e i , c p red with

ssor O w n and s n how os those given by Profe e , it will be ee very cl ely they

f s ul 0 IV . ms n T ide Ta . O ne o s . s to a correspo d ( ble) the k l , N , ee h ve been ou m and om a a an of som of o s sawn thr gh the iddle, , fr the ppe r ce e the ther , d you might fancy the animals ha been killed by the heavy blo w o f an r som su ns um n s i n m o u mm d a ] axe , o e ch i tr e t, trik g the bliq ely i e i te y O n am n n s s u s I a n s u behind the horns. ex i i g the e k ll , h ve bee tr ck by

me to la a siz of r rom n n o s wha t appears to be the rge rel tive e thei p i e t rbit ,

' ' of B0 3 r zmi enzus and n of our o m s as contras ted with those the p g , eve d e tic n B03 r imi enias nd the or s ms to s mal in cattle. I the p g , i eed, bit ee be l T HE O IE T UNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . 5 94 PRO CE E D INGS O F S C Y, J ,

f s u and I m a a so no the relation to the immense bulk o the k ll , y l tice

u a - o a s peculiar prominence in the middle O f their s pr ccipit l ridge, e pe V n r n s no s I ha N II I . and I . S c ially in the Skulls os. i ce w iti g the e te , ve “ sso N s son of L un d in A nna s read a very interesting pa per by Profe r il , the l ” f S ond S es O n a u a H s o v ol. . o a nd Magazine O f N t r l i t ry , ii ec eri , the ” Ani ma s of S andina a in w es a E xtinct and E xisting Bo vine l c vi , hich he giv

a a s O f B03 lon rons of P o ess o O n detailed acco unt of the ch r cter the n r f r we ,

As fa r w x a of I ma num ra . H e sa s or D arf O , few which y e e te here y , a w now is sma l s o f o x a had d in s e yet k , it the l e t the tribe th t lived wil

w o n o m muzz to end o ur portion of the globe the h le le gth, fr the le the

O f um on su os s to av n a ou 6 8 in s and the r p b e, he pp e h e bee b t feet che , ,

om s nd ma of its o n s had a s m a an fr the le er ke b e , it r ther re e bled deer th

The o ad u wa ds i ﬂa n d an ox. o s s an d f rehe p r ver the eye tte e , with e ge

o in a on on a s am w is mos omin n u wa s and nds g g l g the fr t l e , hich t pr e t p rd , e w B w n es is a m r ith a rounded indenting backwards. et ee the ey ore o ess ons d a d ss o n a o w is o n a r s n and l c i er ble epre i , b ve hich there fte i i g,

n a w s in s on fo r nasa on s o u to be e th hich lie the ci i the l b e , which g right p

in d awn n w rd f T us the the l e r betwee the lo er bo ers o the orbits . ( h fronta l bones are no t longer in this species th an they are in the Urns or

ru Th n a r m ind a s o ur onl in ne T a u s . e o o s e s a o ) h r c re ll , cyl ric l , h rt, c ved y di on o ar s som m s ou s om do n a ds in an recti f rw d ; eti e , th gh eld , w w r , the pl e

m f m s o f o a . The o o o a a is nd r ans r e the f rehe d f r the te p r l c vity , behi , t ve o us o o u - o n d its n r a to an a o the bt e ; bef re, bliq e p i te hi de p rt ( the gle b ve

in of un aw on one- ou a a o o an o e art. j t the der j ), ly f rth p rt br der th the f r p

' The an o a a n a ertm es an - s a d a t a o i u teri r p l ti e p l cet h pe , the b ck bl q e inward

o n d a o n s n a a on s na rans s p i te the b ck e lie betwee the p l te b e the pe t ver e , u a ds w a a n n n do nw a ds w a a d pw r ith vertic l i de ti g, w r ith vertic l e ge o ver

i u a o am n o f na The s u of the c rc l r f r e the pe. k ll this species varies co n sider abl in s z a nd n som n in o m a g y i e, eve ethi g f r , ccording to its a e and T sex. he s s o is a wa s now n b a pecie , h wever, l y k y protubera nce upon the ” u a o f o ad in on and a n nd n n a pper p rt the f rehe fr t, i e ti g b ckward s. H e

s a a a so of usua m ns ons of oun s m ns w I give t ble, l , the l di e i y g peci e , hich a add d to m n to S o w n a o s ond n h ve e i e , h their ge er l c rre p e ce .

T s ou s u s n o o u w he e f r k ll the (bef re y ), hich were found near the village

O f N s ad Ro u s i s m to me ew te , xb rgh h re , ee to agree so very closely with all these distinctive characters as to prove them to ha ve been very nearly T 5 95 NO T E S ON HE ANCIE NT CATTLE O F SCOTLAND .

a i n not a so u d n a w h Boa lon i r ons and ll ed i deed, if b l tely i e tic l it , the g f ; s o u ou a w me in s o n on n I m a sa I ons i h ld y gree ith thi pi i , the y y, c der thes e as of course proving their existe nce in the south of Scotland at the

m of R oman o u a on O f o un of w as far as I a m ti e the cc p ti the c try, hich ,

a ar s u s are on n . w e, these k ll the ly evide ce — The O r igin of our or dina ry D omestic Ca ttle The examination o f the

s u s f a had un ou s in our oun at a k ll o c ttle, which d btedly exi ted c try very

mo o d na u a su s s som u s as to o n of our re te peri , t r lly gge t e q erie the rigi ‘ o m s a —a u s on of ons d a n s as as diﬁi cult d e tic c ttle, q e ti c i er ble i tere t well y, but into it I do not intend to enter farther tha n to bring forward a few

no tes b earing upon this interesti ng subject .

P o s o Nilsson in hi s a a r a a u to s r fe s r , p per l e dy ll ded , describe what

he ons d s to a n an a ona s s o f n and ossi ox c i er h ve bee dditi l pecie exti ct f l , fo und in this country as well as in Sweden this he calls the B0 8 fr on

1 I mus a u It i n tow s and to in assin . s i s u s d sa s , it , p g, t ll de d ti g i he , he y ,

d of o u s n in n on by the ri ge the ccip t ri i g high the ce tre, c vex ; the

o ns s on on i s an amon an no n h r , which re t l ger ped cle th g y k w species of

o x are s o and d o u a s and a a ds and , h rt, directe tw rd b ckw r , then bend

The s z of s u ls no an an m o wa ds . a a f r r i e the k l de te i l which, lthough much

’ ’ mz ni us is n d ss an B. r e c o s a a an le th the p g , yet c i er bly l rger th the B. ’ l r I t on s sa s to o un - on ons . s o s n bel g , he y , the c try lde t pos t plio cene perio d ; and with regard to the question of the origin of our present

a P o sso ons s a a a of our o m s a a c ttle, the r fe r c ider th t r ce d e tic c ttle h ve p ro bably been derived from ea ch of the three species he describes of the s ub

’ ’

ﬂat o a B. r ime em us nus Bos B . r ontos us a nd ge with the f rehe d ; the p g , f , B.

lon rons non of m a o n to n a O n on of na u al s s n ; e the , cc rdi g the ge er l pi i t r i t , n om B son or A u o s h is ui bei g derived fr the i r ch , whic q te different in its

d n a s om s c w s an o . character , ever p ir with the d e tic

’ na ura s s o o ns B0 3 r imi enzus O ther t li t , h wever, c ider the p g as the origin

s a ar I n r from which our d ome tic c ttle e derived . e ti ely c oncur with the

n on of P o sso O n in ons n m o a opi i r fe r we , c ideri g it highly i pr b ble, in fact

m os m oss a no mous and sa a U r i o f al t i p ible, th t the e r v ge , which Caesar

a s a is i s n and a s and s a s y , gre t the r tre gth gre t their peed , they p re neither

1 ide s the B. r ontos us a a ie P o esso O wen ons of the B. lon z r mz r f r c r f v r ty gif s . See

6 1 8 . p . 5 9 E D INGS or T H E SO ET JUNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . 6 PRO CE CI Y, ,

who ma n nor beas t which they catch sight of a nd that the m an killed

m of m n b y a n s o ns as an the greates t nu ber the , eve the pitf ll , bri g the h r

f his ow ss and is l a aud d his oun m n and evidence o pr e , high y ppl e by c try e

s a g is t i na u a o u a n n so oun anno o s va e he r t re, th t, th gh t ke ever y g, they c t

2 T o s u as ts s not o n m d . . 7 os be ta e (lib vi , pp e be like the e ly

m d in o os on to su d d d d n to o n a but a s o ta e , pp iti ch eci e evi e ce the c tr ry, l SO strangely degenerated into the co mpa ra tively s mall sized and placid ox

of r s n da s ms to me a as f. the p e e t y, ee re lly p t belie

ith d to o n on a d om es a B t s a were IV rega r the pi i , th t the tic ted ri i h c ttle

o na d d om os of R oman o on sts mus recol rigi lly erive fr th e the c l i , we t lect tha t we ha ve evidence whi ch proves the existence of numerous herd s ’ of do mes ticated cattle in Britai n befo re ever C zesa r s tro ops s et foot in the

n T h s P o sso O w n s ms a to ov oo w n sa s cou try. i r fe r e ee r ther erl k he he y “

Ma m . a in l B Fos . a l o a li s o f newl ( rit. , p th t pr b bi ty the herd v conquered regions would be derived from the already domes tic ated cattle ” m n NO dou t a n n O f the R o a colonist. bt o certai exte t this might after

a s b e as but Cae sar ms f t ls us in his C ommentaries a w rd the c e ; hi el el , , t

o mm n m n of his o a ons in E n and a th the very c e ce e t per ti gl , th t e country

’ was w l o and a oss s s d r e l pe pled, th t they p e e p eco is magnus numerus " num ds of a r lib . ous f ( . v er her c ttle ; o peens is frequently us ed

n dom s a d a ar e s ok n o f a o u in whe e tic te c ttle p e , lth gh certa ly its mo re correct signiﬁca tion refers to sheep and tha t in this ins tance it refais to

a nk is nd d mo his o n c ttle, we thi re ere the re likely by g i g on to tell us that the natives of the interior O f the country seldom troubled thems elves

a of ound but i on mi and ﬂ s m a and with the till ge the gr , l ved lk e h e t, d ms s w ins lib . o s . 1 2 all f w cl the the elve ith the k ( v , o hi ch facts a re oo s of r n n at a s to omes a r s and a so pr f the refe e ce bei g le t d tic ted he d l , a s has n w ma d a o a bee ell re rke , th t the pr verbi l fondnes s O f the natives

O f sou n a ts of o ur s a nd a t s n d a for “ the ther p r i l , the pre e t y, the roas t " of O ld E n and is a. as of no n o in beef gl , t te rece t rig . It should also be

m m d a mus a a n no l re e bere , th t it t h ve t ke ittle time before the country

ou d l num ous d s of a c l be ﬁl ed with er her c ttle , es pecially if w e consider

f u f an the di ﬁc lty O tr sit fr om one cou ntry to ano ther in the still earlier

and ud m s and I ma min ou of a of r er ti e y re d y the f ct, which Caesa r a lso

n o ms us a G mans li B i s i i f r , th t the er were , ke the r ti h, n poss ession o f

num ous s of a o R omans n a m er herd c ttle bef re the i v ded the , not being NO T E S ON T HE N 5 9 A CIE NT CATTL E O F SCO TL AND . 7

' s o t oun but s m n B s in r m s tiller the gr d , re e bli g the riti h thei ilk , chee e, and ﬂ s d f ou s C on o o m m a d a . e h diet, derive c r e fr their do estic te c ttle s id erations s uch as these w ould make m e rather agree w ith Pro fesso r ’ “ O w n s o ma s n a n of BOS Io n c r ons sa s a e ther re rk , whe , tre ti g the g lf , he y , th t

s on n a na s of B a n or a n a of m if it till be c te ded th t the tive rit i , y p rt the ,

O aine a am n a m d s smal - s z d o na bt d their c ttle by t i g pri itive bree , thi l i e , rigi l ” a of o x is mos to a n s u Now I a m u so . v riety t likely h ve f r i hed the rce , inclined to think that the several instances w here bones o f this animal

a n ound a on an n o s O f m an a s m n on h ve bee f l g with the cie t w rk , e ti ed by

P o sso O n as as in s n as are in all o a r fe r we , well the pre e t c e, , pr b bility, proofs of the early domesticated state of an ox identical with the BO S

Ion rons w as a a m n on had x s d in s oun om géf , hich, lre dy e ti ed, e i te thi c try fr

im O f n o n o the t es the ewer pli ce e peri d . I n support of the opinion of the Bus lonn r ons being the true origin

o f o ur om s a a o r at as as s o n its m o n a s m d e tic ted c ttle, le t h wi g re ge er l re e

an to m I m a a one or two s a m n s o m a of bl ce the , y extr ct t te e t fr the p per

P of sso Nilsson a a to for am n d s n r e r lre dy referred 5 ex ple, whe e cribi g the “ B0 8 r nt s us sa s It s ms to a n a o u s z of our f o o , he y , ee h ve bee b t the i e ” m o a ff s A in ommon cow om o r in o . nd c , fr which , h weve , f r it t t lly di er “ u Z n t r ons as a a no o m of m o a a the B s o g f , lre dy ticed , the f r the te p r l c vity

is ind ans s - o us o O u - o n its nd a to beh tr ver e bt e, bef re bliq e p i ted ; hi er p rt (

the angle above the j oint of the under j aws) only one- fourth broader than H n s m s the am o x b ut i s s om the fore part . erei it re e ble t e , d ffer vi ibly fr

nt sus in w a a is w as oa as o a B. ro O the f , hich the b ck p rt t ice br d the f re p rt, ” us And a so s a s a in U us nasa and also from the Ur . he l t te th t the r the l

lon z r ons r bones ar e ﬁve times as long as broad in th e B . g zf they a e nearly six ; while in the d omestic ox they are six a nd a half times as long as

broad .

a a d s s of B a n as It is curious to notice the f ct, th t the wil er di trict rit i ,

o n a l for am and mo un a n ous the extremity O f D evon and C r w l ex ple , the t i

s o f lVales as l as our own u d and s m all a o n to dis trict , we l r gge l , ee , cc rdi g

att t a n o ina s o w a a in n M r You , o h ve bee rig lly t cked ith c ttle h v g eve yet

i n ss w mo a s z o ns and of no a s it were a general family l ke e , ith der te i ed h r ,

n o a i s as P o sso O n gr eat general bulk bei g the very l c l tie , r fe r we well

s na s oul om s a o remark , where the tive w d drive their d e tic c ttle bef re the and w Of ou s a s O f o ina e s a dvance of an invader, here c r e tr ce the rig l br ed O F T H E S O IE T JuNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . 5 9 8 PRO CE EDINGS C Y, ,

un Ful a o wan mus o at the sa m a re mos t likely to be fo d. l ll ce t, h wever, e

m r on r u an s o u on a a of time, be a de fo the w de f l ch ge pr d ced c ttle by v riety

n ma b astures and a n on on a of h r s itua tion a d cli te, y p , tte ti the p rt t ei

- in so as to a o u rom a or nall m pos sessors to their breed g, f v r, f wh t igi y ight

s rva on and ra ua s a din ov r be a n accidental peculiarity, the pre e ti g d l pre g e

f n or au or fas on of m . the herd o so me fancied excelle ce, be ty, hi the ti e T he Galloway cattle may perhaps be cited as an instance of the changes produced in this way they are now known as a breed of polled or horn less cattle whereas it is said that SO late as the middle of the las t

n u r of h m ha d o ns o f a ra sma or m um ce t ry, the grea te r pa t t e h r ther ll edi

Si ze .

' ' nc i t a ttle — The a n n C a t s l st The A ent ll lu e C cie t t le , til exi ' in in som entleman s ar s ma a so s ms to me onsid red as g e g p k , y l , it ee , be c e — simply an ins tance of a beautiful and much es te emed variety of our do mes tica ted cattle being artiﬁcially preserved ; but as thes e are beli eved

man to as r ma ns of o ur na w a I ma a s by y be the l t e i tive ild c ttle, y perh p

us n in a i in o a on s ur ou su be exc ed e ter g l ttle t det il thi c i s bject.

a ous a s in E ng an ds of s ca l r re "V ri pl ce l d, where her the e white tt e we e p s d are num ra in G n a H s or of ua u s of erve , e e ted the e er l i t y Q dr ped — - T omas B w N as u on T n . uo ro m ions of 1 790 h e ick, ewc tle p y e I q te f the edit a nd 1 2 4 I t is sta at 8 . there ted th

Th was o m a s n ular s s of d ca t in s ountr ere f r erly very i g pecie wil t le thi c y, is now a n Num ous h ds f m w which ne rly exti ct. er er o the ere kep t in severa l pa rks in E ngland and Scotland but they have been des tr oyed by vari ous means and the only breeds now remaining in the kingdom are in the park a t Chilling ha m C as in No um and a t Wo la on in No in ams r s a of tle, rth berl ; l t , tt gh hi e, the e t Lord M dd ton at Gisburne in C a en Yo ks i e at Limehall in Ches e i le ; , r v , r h r ; , hir ; ’ i t ﬂ r shir and at C a n S a o d e. h rtley, The principal external appear ances which distinguish this breed of ca ttle from all others are the following - Their co lour is invariably white ; muzzles

la w o of the ns d of the ear and a ou one- i d of ou s d b ck the h le i i e b t th r the t i e, r om the downwa ds red o ns w te w a ti s r ﬁne and n f tip r , h r hi , ith bl ck p , ve y , be t u wa ds som of u ls a a hin u h man p r e the b l h ve t prig t e, about an inch and a half or two inches long.

A t rs a earanc of an rs on set off at u al o n t the ﬁ t pp e y pe , they f ll g l p, a d a the dis anc of two or e und d a ds ma a w e round and com d u t e thr e h re y r ke he l , e bol ly p a a n oss n ads in a m na n mann g i , t i g their he e ci g er ; on a sudden they mak e a full T 5 9 9 NOTES O N HE A NCI E NT CATTLE or SCOTLAND . s o at d s a n of o or ﬁ a ds oo n w d at o of t p the i t ce f rty fty y r , l ki g il ly the bject their su is but u on as mo on n mad all a a n u n ound a nd rpr e p the le t ti bei g e, they g i t r r ,

ﬂ off wi ua s d but not to sa m dis an o m n a s o and y th eq l pee , the e t ce, f r i g h rter circle, again returning with a bolder and more threatening aspect than before ; they ap oa mu n a o a w n h a ds wh n ma ano s and pr ch ch e rer, pr b bly ithi t irty y r , e they ke ther t

a nd a ai n fl off. T s do s a m s s o n n d s an and ad g y hi they ever l ti e , h rte i g their i t ce an n n a o m w n ten a ds w n m os o n ud n v ci g e rer, till they c e ithi y r , he t pe ple thi k it pr e t to a m not oosin to o o m u e le ve the , ch g pr v ke the f rth r. “ The weight of the oxen is generally from forty to fifty stones the four quarters of ows a out Th ma d and of x e n fl u . e is n a o . the c b thirty beef fi ely rble , e c lle t v r A ou n a s s n w a few at Ch in am w a a s b t twe ty ye r i ce, there ere ill gh ith bl ck e r , but the present park - keeper destroyed them since which period there has no t n w one The a an h on k . bee ith black ears . e rs d noses of all t ose at Wollat are blac

A t Gisburne are som w x ns d of ars there e perfectly hite, e cept the i i e their e ,

w are b own. T are w ou ho ns s on on d but not . hich r hey ith t r , very tr g b e , high T are sa d to a n o na ou om W a A i n Lan hey i h ve bee rigi lly br ght fr h lley bbey, cashire u on its d sso u on in the - r d of H n E T ad on , p i l ti thirty thi e ry the ighth. r iti sa s w wn ow i y they ere dra to Gisbur ne by the p er of mus c .

T os at Bu on- Cons a in oun of Yo w a ll d s o d a h e rt t ble, the c ty rk, ere e tr ye by d s em a few a s s n T a d s om hos at Ch n am i t p er ye r i ce . hey v rie lightly fr t e illi gh ,

a in a a s and muzz s n s of a s of sam o ou h v g bl ck e r le , a d the tip their t il the e c l r ; w also mu a man of m w n s x s on s o a they ere ch l rger, y the eighi g i ty t e , pr b bly ow n to hn ss of as u a in H o d n ss but n al a u d i g the ric e the p t r ge l er e , ge er ly ttrib te to di ffe n of nd w n os wit-h a an w red a s the o me the re ce ki bet ee th e bl ck d ith e r , f r r of w u ous n s The d w was at D um hich they st di ly e deavour to pre erve . bree hich r lanri in n S o a d had a so a a s . g, c tl , l bl ck e r Tam ows in s ason ar e u n l urned out amon s the w d a a t e c , e , freq e t y t g t il c ttle

C lli n ham n adm ul It is so m w x a o dina a al s a d . a hi g , it the b l e h t e tr r ry th t the c ve produced by this mode ar e invariably of the same colour with the wild breed ” w w red a s and a n a ood d a of the ﬁerceness of s . ( hite ith e r ), ret i g e l their ire

T omas B in his H s o of B t s ua r u s L on on M r h ell, i t ry ri i h Q d ped , d , “ " 1 8 37 uo s r om Cul n O n L S o d s on of the , q te f M r le ive t ck, the e cripti

n of s an s appeara nce and habits of thes e w hite cattle in prese ce tr ger , ’ ” I a a a n om Bewick s ua u s a a n as which h ve lre dy give fr Q dr ped , pp re tly

o f d na u f h s an ma s . I a o v a a n and a pro of the wil t re o t e e i l h ve, h we er, g i

n ll s d ha s our H an o s again see a the e wil bit exhibited by ighl d kyl e , ﬁs n u a s am on o s of Ro x u s h when a boy hi g p tre the b rder b rgh hire , w ich ran pas t a low grassy hill and through the remains of an old decaying 2 PA R I I . o L 1 . T Q v . x 0 r H E s oci sr y J 1 0 1 8 7 2 6 0 PRO CE E DINGS o T , UNE ,

wo od rinci all s in deed s ts E tterick p p y of birche , part, , of the kir of the old H o s r ma n m n m n s t so m im s fores t. ere the kyl e e i ed for a y o th ogether, et e w a s s n n but an as n s and follo ed by their c lve , eei g obody occ io al hepherd,

a m s i m s n i s llin m got l o t l ke wild ani al , acti g exactly l ke the e Chi gha cattle

' w n g and we were a s d ea he they cau ht s ight of us, glad to be t a pee y retr t ﬁna us n d before they came close enough to make their l r h ; which, i dee ,

n s m m n n n man and n an n they had do e o e ti e before , k ocki g dow a e d geri g his l n t h l u mu - n w ife, had o is cries speedi y bro ght the ch eeded help, hich n happened most providentia lly to be at no very great dista ce . “ Annals and ir P . h in . &c u s S ili G n F R S . h p rey Egerto , , , p bli ed, the 4 n n 1 8 39 n e n Na . 2 1 Magazi e of tural H isto ry, vol iii. p . , Lo do , , a ot ’ s win t w at B s s Au and ho g the former existence of hes e hite cattle i hop ckl , in un D u ham m m nus in his own oss ss n the co ty of r , copied fro a a cript p e io , n The n Y ar Tra vell r S an and e an e titled S eco d e es th ow cottl d Ir l d, “ The ss s fe w d s on his a S n att writer pa e a ay , ro d to cotla d, ” Bish0 A e A u an wth D r e n Bish0 e D ur am . pp ckl d Mor to , pp of h fter de " s n m n ns A daintie s a a cha les &c. cribi g the p lace, pp , , he e tio t tely clrl park s : where- in I saw Wild bulls and kine : W had 2 calves r uﬁ ers 5 ' there are about 20 wild beas ts all white : will nott endure yo approach ;

u nr ag s ss ver e en and u us : b tt if they bee e ed or di tre ed, y viol t f rio their ” a s i n c lve w ll bee wo derous fatt. In S n in an n s s a a n B e cotla d cie t time the e white c ttle, ccordi g to o ce, un hr u u a n an es h f m were fo d t o gho t the Great C ledo i For t, w ich or erly covered the country from Callander to A thol and Lochaber ; but Boece (to w m I s r a s m e a ular e w i in in 1 5 26 s s h ho hall afte w rd or p rtic ly r fer), r t g , ay t at in his m n f un in um r n u ti e they were o ly to be o d the distri ct of C be a ld.

In in his a un s B a had in his m n writ g cco t of the e cattle, oece prob bly i d ’ 1 Caes ar s des cription of the great long- horned wild and untameable Uri alr is not n at n we m m ( eady referred to), which to be wo dered , whe re e ber n l n n in his da no m they were the o ly wild catt e k ow y, fossil re ains of the

’ a Bos r imi emu n n n n l rge p g s havi g the bee oticed . Bishop Lesli e in 1 5 78 s s a r n he un in h a s tate that the white c ttle we e the to fo d t ree pl ce , of

s m s ri S n Cumbem a the a e great di t ct however, tirli g, uld adjoining it ” on s u and Kincam ia n ard n n h the o th, , probably Ki c i e o the Fort .

See uo a on om D e e o a G o . 0 q t ti fr B ll llic , p 6 5 .

» 602 RO E E D NGS O F T HE S O I ET Y JUNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . P C I C , ,

wood is brows ed by about four s core white cows of the ancient British

T i s are m - s mu s and s breed . heir bod e ilk white their ear , zzle , hoof black ;

nd s n in n a m l . T are a the ki fro t, bove the hoof, is ott ed with black hey ” n n has n perfectly docile, except when they have calves . My atte tio bee n u lately called to a communication to the Royal Society of Edi b rgh, by ” D r R n in A i 1 8 38 “ O n W l O x O f S lan obert K ox, pr l , the i d cot d, of which a very short abstract is publis hed in the Proceedings of the ” R a S In D r n a n 1 845 . ur n oy l ociety, vol. i . it K ox, fter e deavo i g to trace the antiquity of the white oxen during the his toric period of B a n w n s m ia s ar rit i , for hich, however, he thi k ater l e altogether wanting, examined the ques tion as to whether the white cattle of Britain constitute a s n s s B i n an n n t di ti ct pecie of the ov e tribe, d thi ks they do o ; but as the

m s is now a m r m s S i at a do e tic ox ixed breed derived f o everal pecies, he s loss to show to whi ch of these the white ox of H amilton most approaches ;

s m s n s s m an he in s a they ee to bear the tro ge t re e bl ce, th k , to the Ga llow y

D r n s a es a m n u s hi s breed . K ox t t th t a y of the b ll have horns, w l t ” s are and su s s in n us n ha other polled, he gge t , co cl io , t t the typ e of these cattle can never be satisfactorily made out so long as their breeding is so much interfered with by the destru ction of all the

s ma iff in m n ns calve , which y d er for or colour from the sta dard co idered

n s as ss n ee by the oble proprietor e e tial to the purity of the br d,

p . A ﬁne specimen of a white bull from H amilton (with black ears and mu ns and some s i a zzle, hor white, tipped with black, very l ght bl ck mottling above the hoofs of the fore feet and on the lower parts of the

is in u u f n a r n Pro s m O nd A t. I body), the M e Scie ce the report of the s O f W 5 1 8 42 is s a ceeding the ernerian Society of March , , it t ted that e of H am n a. splendi d s pecimen O f the whi te bull from th park ilto

a ac s n us um D u H m n was P l e, pre e ted to the M e by the ke of a ilto , ex

d i n i r 400 Mr n ite . b . . ou . . . hi (Ed Ph l J . vol xxxii p , Joh

n us n r has u n s me Gibso , of the M eum of Science a d A t, f r i hed with the

m su m n following ea rements of this ﬁne stuffed speci e of the white ox ,

which enables us to judge pretty nearly of the size O f these so- called wild cattle

1 ’ See su s u n No x m n of this ox . 6 1 4 . b eq e t te of D r Kno s Speci e , p NO T E S O N T HE N E NT TT 6 3 A CI CA LE or SCO TLAND . 0

Length of hea d from muzzle t o line between the horns o r to of the p head, 1 3

n rom s n to the o o of the Le gth f thi li e r t tail , 7 6 T o a n Of o t l le gth b dy , 8 9 n O f o ns Le gth h r , l 6 n w n s of ns Le gth bet ee tip hor , 2 0

H to to of s ou eight p h lder, 4 6

F rom the politeness O f a correspondent at H amilton 1 learn thes e cattle

now ns but w u ns d are a co iderable herd , they are all itho t hor or polle , a nd e n S O s m m s B the have b e for o e ti e pa t. y liberality O f the D uk e O f H m n s s u a ilto , everal are la ghtered ev ery in ff N ’ year, order to a ord a ew Year s

D a nne Of the n y di r to the poor tow , all the clergyman sending in a list O f the poor of their congregations for the

u o p rp se .

“ ’ In Black s Picturesque Tourist of ” S an n u the nn cotl d , Edi b rgh , a exed ﬁgure (for the use of which I a m in debted to our well - known publishers B ss s A . is n in Me r C . lack) give

us n em s n w H m n It is r ill tratio of the r ark o the hite cattle of a ilto . the e “ s tated that at Cadzow the famous breed of S cottish wild cattle are s till

s T w e on un u 1 7 60 pre erved . hey ere expell d acco t of their ferocity abo t , ” but S n n have i ce bee restored. (Edit .

We ﬁnd n m n s us ds O f - so - W ld the , a o g the e vario her park kept, called i

W s n in s n in un con hite Cattle, at pre e t or lately exi te ce the co try, a s iderable s in en n s m w red s s diver ity their g eral appeara ce ; o e ith ear , other w and s u u n s n n m n ith black , thi latter pec liarity occ rri g occa io ally eve a o g

s - as m n n B w n tho e of the red cared variety, e tio ed by e ick of the Chilli g ham and s m h n ns w others hav e n ne as cattle ; o e avi g hor , hile o , the

mi le O f w w Gisb urne in en Y s e 85 0 . breed ild hite cattle at , Crav , ork hir , ( ’ Bewick s u u s and s s e e u es w e a e a s Q adr ped ) , be ide other littl p c liariti , h v l o the occurrence from time to time among these breeds of cattle more or

1 “ I h ave added from mv notes these additional details of the ancient White ” Cattle . 6 04 R E E D NGS O F T O I H E S O E TY JUNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . P C CI , , ess m w n s s but t s nd uas a w s l arked ith brow or black pot , he e i ivid l are l ay k l n s d w s . An n i led , to preve t thi variety preading among the herd he

a es n a n un n m m and the c lv have bee t ke yo g, they have bee co pletely ta ed,

m mm n m s i n as i l in conﬁn m n beco e like the co o do e tic ox, feed g rap d y e e t ” as S hort horned — Wi a steer. ( Vide Paper O n the ld Whi te Cattle of ” h ll n m W ll m H n m s . in the Anna ls t E s o N a . H is t C i i gha , by i ia i d ar h, q , f . 1 8 39 ii. for , vol . ) All thes e peculiarities s eem to me to favour the idea of thes e cattle

n m an n n n O f d m s ca bei g erely a cie t fa cy breed o e ti ted cattle, preserved for i u in s h the r bea ty the par k of t e nobili ty . It is well k nown that the colour O f many anim als is changed by domes t ication and u n m m , that they freq e tly beco e ore or less entirely w hite 5 a nd is in s n as s w n n it tere ti g, ho i g appare tly where some of the las t tra ces

nal u a n n m whi has n an in is wa of the origi colo r of a i al, ch bee ch ged th y, m a be s ma n n th y expected till to re i , to otice e remark of Profes sor Bell

” “ L n n in his u on B s uad u s it of o do , val able work riti h Q r p ed , that appears the ears are more li able to retain colour in animals whi ch become

m s n h n an i e a s . T s is s as wh t by do e tic tio t a y other part hi the ca e, we

s n i u n and is no ss u the and s m have ee , w th the g i ea pig, it le tr e of ox, o e ” —P simil m m others . ( . I have heard a ar re ark ade by Profes sor m n had n s n an n i but Fle i g, that he ever ee e tirely wh te ox, that the ears

- m ff n u . No w in always re ained of a di ere t colo r , thes e park kept white

s s m uli a s s in and ss Ni ss n cattle, we have thi a e pec arity l o exi t g ; Profe or l o

his - n n no l all udes in paper to the well k ow fact, that race of wi d oxen

i k n wn na of this white colour s o to tur alists . ’ H indmarsh s a e u s ass m I n Mr paper, lr ady referred to, he q ote p ages fro

n n u s us if s s r in several a cie t a thor , to j t y the hypothe i of thei be g the re

T s u ins o f n n i a the un . s are H ma the a cie t w ld c ttle of co try he e a thor , ector

B us Sco tor um H s es 3 Prime G n s O n ub Boece or oethi , i tori e ti rigi e, p “ hed s in 1 5 26 and B s n es D e O n Moribus lis at Pari ; i hop Joh L lie, rigi e, , ' to m 5 us C s s Sco ru u is R m in 1 78 . Now et Reb e ti , p bl hed at o e these,

mus ns not as two n n n u s but I suspect, t be co idered, i depe de t a thoritie ,

as one B s i n his u s s m ﬁft - two merely for the i hop , book, p bli hed o e y

s m n s in s ns an m s ver ba tim v ears after the other, give a ife tly, thi i t ce, al o t a

s m n s B us To S s ma m the copy of the tate e t of oethi . how thi , I y co pare

ass g s w s n s w in original p a e , hich refer to the exi te ce of the e hite cattle the 6 5 NO T ES O N THE AN CIE NT CATTLE O F SCO TLAND . 0

G n n s w h m un m S reat Caledo ia Fore t, hic for erly covered the co try fro tir n li g to Athol . 6 m H s es P n . . l . BO E TH I US Sco toru a m G n s O ( ) , i tori ri a e ti rigi e, fol , l 6 3 in c. O f . P 4 H ic S cotorum R egni D es criptio , & , edit aris 1 5 7 itia

O m u aled niae s a“ manentibus veteribus adhuc n m li f ere C o ylv , videlicet o i nibus n et excurrens Monteth et E rne vallem n Calle dar Caldar, per lo go tr h riam u u Gi nere s s s actu ad Atholiam et Loqu ab sq e. g olet ea ylva bove candissim in m m n s ubam ferentes a mans uetis simillim os os for a leo i j , c etera ,

u nd mit s ue u humanum r efu ientes ns u m ver m adeo feros i o o q atq e g co orti , ut u s s s u aut u s um n contr ectatas m nu s en q a herba , arbore q e fr tice h a a a serint plurimos deincep s dies fugiant : capti autem arte quap ia m (quod ” r H u us u m difﬁ cilimum est) mox paulo prae m aestitia moriantu . j a te animal is a n s esui ucundissimae s un a u in m s n il ra tes c r e j t, tq e pri i ob itati g ,

aeter um a um O m S n s solerent ver um cartilaginosas . C q tota li ilva a ci ea i una m n un e us re eriuntur ua C ummir nald a ellatur n tantu c j parte p , q e pp , ” alii s gula humana ad internecionem r edactis . “ BI SH O E SL IE D e O n Moribus et R us Gestis ScotOrum P L , rigi e, , eb

D s Ab his r e ionib us s ss m R m 1 5 78 . 1 9 S a o e , , p , ( coti e criptio) g va ti i a

s initium sum sit ut uae m locor um n min illa O lim Caledonia ylva p , q da o a ” n n In n m fr e uens s s s ui m hodie i dica t. Caledo ia oli q erat ylve tri q de b os nun rario r ui n ss m ubam densam demissam , c vero , q colore ca di i o , j , ac ns n s es tat truculentus us huInanO n abhorr ens i tar leo i g , , ac fer ab ge ere , ut uzecun ue min s m anibus contrectar int halitu erﬂav erint q q ho e vel , vel p , ” “ B us n s cartil ab iis multos post dies omnino ab stinuerint. j car e agi

r i sua i imi is m illam vastissimam no sae sed sa o s v ss . O , p Erat li per Cale

n as s lv a m fre uens sed um n n u a m assum tus us ta n do i y q , h a a i gl vie j p , trib

li us tirivilin i umernaldi Kin rniaa s est re u S C ae et ca . t um loci q , g , ,

A s B us ms mus m m u s for oethi hi elf, we t re e ber, that tho gh perhap a good enough authority as to anything that happened under his o wn O b ser

n is s o u us as n all w as him vatio , he cred lo to believe appare tly that told , h n SO his s n O f s owever extraordi ary ; that de criptio the e cattle , of the

u s hi m n ns un m w and ﬂ n the p re t w te, a ed like lio , ta eably ild, eei g very n u n s n O f m en and n had eighbo rhood, or eve the ce t , which appare tly he

ns I s n mus n n . n never ee , t all be take with a co iderable allowa ce all proba bilit n n m n s a m s w in y they were othi g ore tha tr yed do e tic cattle, hich , the

m - l h u s O f s had s n s s a . A s an ns n Of is co r e year , lap ed i to a e i wi d t te i ta ce 6 D 7 06 RO E E NGS or TH E SO ETY JUNE 1 0 1 8 2 . P C I CI , ,

’ r u ma r e in ds B ll n en s T ns a i n 1 55 3 c ed lity, I y ef r, the wor of e e d ra l t o of , to hi s account O f the extraordinary animal described by Sir D uncan

m l T out arloll ane f A eir God Ca pbel , hat of G , loch O rgyle, the y of

iris am ane rr ane un futit M. DX e as als meikil as y , c e te ible be t, grew ho d,

ane ana and s ra in a and like g r, t ik down greit tre es with the d t of her t il , s lew thre men quhilks war at their hountis with thr e straikis O f her tail ; and w ar not th m n nteris m u in s an aikis h e re a ent hu cla p tr g , t ey had ” — ’ n . n . m n . a Bellend s r a s o s an in samin a C . en T bee all l e the er ( h p vii , f

ethi us r Bo H isto y. ) is ur us a the s n s whi e It c io , however, to tr ce de criptio of the e t cattle, m 2 an i ns &c. u B in 1 5 6 as ed l ke lio , , p blished by oece it seems to have

n n u a s s on hi s u and to n bee adopted by at r li t a thority, have appare tly n n s ur m r n bee the o ly o ce fro which they derived their desc iptio s.

I n D s Britanniae Scotiae H ni et rcadum Of the e criptio , , iber as, O

au us Jovius u s at V n in 1 5 48 w e a f n P l , p bli hed e ice , h ve the ollowi g passag e C aeterum Ca nia s a anti uis n a Scri toribus uae i ledo ylv q ot p , q hod e

l n a ellatur as a. sui m n u in é mediterraneis ad maritime Cal e dar pp , v t ag it d e

arii s anfra t s e ext n ea in n e lu v c ibus endit. I us a s ras t vo cres it ti ge eri fe , ss t radunt e uos silicet a r s s et indomitos atr ue m au s e e , q g e te ; i ite t ro summa feritatis leonum s m li u n ubatos Bisontibus u s Sa m a e i i t di e j , q o r ati

i nit o ulus ue R manus ali uando in a n s ectavit - torvitate g g , p p q o q re a p , ino m s s a hominum ins i a am m u asp ec tus non o mn dissi ile . Ii ve tigi id r et

stut nsib evitant attrectatas ue m n s manu r n s a is se us d , q forte ho i i f o de uum olfecerint n rofu iunt nee a lab rinthis et foveis u a q , repe te p g , , c pti y ll m lacant r Servitutis n m contumeliam no n diu o nino pabuli copia p u . e i fer unt in u maes titia n um s u eﬂiato citissime moriuntur , caq e , co t aci pirit , ;

di a et v enatores invadunt ut eos nonnun uam tanta aute m iracun robore , q ” in su l m rudeli r ant ans foss os cornibus vibratos ue c te interim . tr , q b i e, 2 V 3 a . n t (P. , , e e , This author simply repeats again the account given by Boethi us of

ta m a an m f m i a un d an l ns . thes e wild c ttle, e ble of extre e erocity, ed ike l o s a m n m his own n H e adds , however, the t te e t, probably fro k owledge of B s n — a B s ns Sa m ia ro du s and the European i o , th t to the i o which r at p ce ,

1 The quota tion from Paulus Jovins was only obta ined after this paper was ﬁrst — A. S . published J. NO T ES ON T HE A NC E NT T 60 I CAT LE O F SCOTLAND. 7

R man a s m m s s n in a na —ia sa ag n ss the o people h ve o eti e ee the re , the v e e of their aspect they are not altogether unlike and following the pas sage I

a u a s on s ma h ve q oted bove, he goe to detail the tory of the narrow escape de n R r B u m n s m by Ki g obe t r ce fro bei g de troyed by one of thes e ani als , by

one his s a the bravery of of follower , exactly s the circumstance is de tailed by Boethi us but as I have omitted this account in my quotation m B us n not u m Pau us ns fro oethi , I eed q ote it fro l Jovi .

T i s a a s ﬁ s m s w h , however, ppe r to be the r t ti e the e cattle ere compared

B s n C n a u and in n au I s all u to the i o of e tr l E rope, the ext thor h q ote, we ’ ﬁnd s n in a an and Paulus Jo iu m a n a tep take dv ce, v s s co p riso of the wild cattle of Scotland to the Bison is now expanded into a description O f

' s i on a lbum coi eczmz the e wild cattle as the B s S .

Aldr ovandus n in his uadru edum m , the , work, Q p O nium E isul ” “ m m B n n 1 6 32 in O f G sn H s r co , o o , , referr g to the older work e er, i to ia ” Ani mali um 1 55 1 n s s in all a i , , otice the e white cattle, prob bil ty from n s as a n m n s ns and not a their bei g de cribed h vi g a e like lio , ltogether un

S ma an B s n un n m O f Bison a lbum S coti cum sit - like the ar ti i o , der the a e , e

a l donicum us n s i n O f B a a so O n u C y , i g the very de cr ptio oece lre dy fte q oted . ” T n a n in H s N aturalis de uadru edibus O f n he , ag i , the i toria Q p Joh

J ns n u i s at Ams m 1 65 7 s s m d o to , p bl hed terda , , we have thi a e e s i n Of B a a n in a in two ff n s cr ptio oece g i p rt repeated ; di ere t place , how ” — ﬁrst in a D e B D m s a nd a ai n D ever, , the ch pter ove o e tico, g , e ” " ma na n Aldr d H r B hus s a ovan . is to B is ul . o Feri , with rgi l refere ce to .

m ul ma u assa s Ar t D E T s s . . 1 B o how thi ore f ly I y q ote the p ge , OVE

' ' In D ME S T ICO wentiw . 34 : S a s sun s s s O , D iﬂ , p coti bove t ylve tre colore i u a nsa ac missa u u n et adeo ue ca nd dis simo, j b de de , tr c le ti feri, q ab huma nO n abhorrentes ut ab iis ua m n s manibus contr ec tarin ge ere , q e ho i e vel t,

hali tu erﬁaverint multos s abstineant a moriantur vel p , per die , dolo c pti, , ” n s a a n sas be n . And n Art. 2 D E BOE US E R IS 1 Car e c rtil gi o be t agai , , F , p . .

’ ' r inet et Bison andidi D e Besonfe: H uc p e t S cottcus . C ssim um esse

unt in mam n s ubam ae mansuetis s m l imum ai , for leo i j ferre, c tera i i l , verum

um et indomitum h um ani ue consortii hostem ut u s s adeo fer , q , q a herba

humans. contrectatas m nu sans lur im s d inc aut frutices a crit, p o e ep s fugiat : ” dam mox reee maes titia m m u m a ua . O h captu a te rte q , p ori S t at we have ’ two s ecies a a n m in s wa out B s s i n now p , pp re tly, ade thi y of oece de cript o .

in SCO T IA LL UST R T sire Prodromus H o rian A ccordingly, the I A A, ist E D I NGS O F T HE S E 6 08 RO CE O TY JUNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . P CI , ,

al M D lis in u in 1 68 4 N a tur a lis O f R S . . u , obert ibb d, , p b hed at Ed b rgh , we ’ ﬁ n s n ur a is u n m onston s w to d this Scotti h at l t q oti g fro J ork , referred above,

n w l in m s ua u m H s e s addi g, ho ever, the fol ow g re ark Q q ide ab i tori i

n sed c n tri s su o ﬁrmatione e ent. In u nos petita t, g pl ribus locis monta na

s S a re er iuntur u m B s a u u : sed non parti coti p q ide ove feri, lbi q oq e ita

‘ u u n n u rm d r An ubati B n nun tr c le ti, eq e fo a a omes ticis diﬁe unt. j is o te s c

” ’ ' ’ n n s — B-i . m D e szd cis R mna ntib r m r . us Co e zs 7 . So exte t, e cio g , p that

' S s ms u x s en O f so - all Biso n co tzcus ibbald ee to do bt the e i t ce the c ed S ,

u he mi s a w e e w s m in tho gh ad t th t hit cattl , exactly ho ever re e bl g the d m s c e s and no m ns so ﬁ c and o e ti at d breed , by ea er e savage as they are s s run w l in s m f de cribed, till i d o e O the mounta inous dis tricts of the Th country . e original s our ce O f the whole s tatement is apparently the

s n n B e and e P u us B de criptio give by oec , repeat d by a l Jovins , ishop

s and s w r a a n e n Le lie, other , hich I have al e dy t ke the lib rty of criti cisi g, as n in all a a un bei g, probability, a very ex gger ted acco t.

s s l ur in M oreover, if we earch ti l f ther back the record s of a much

a t n ui ﬁnd n s m n O f w e gre er a tiq ty, we evide tly the a e ki d hit cattle de s in su a s s ms m e m u u cribed ch a way ee to to i ply, witho t a do bt, their “ ” ” u m s n. In e s IVallica H D da thoro gh do e ticatio the L ge , of owell , r “ l h ws n H w G w t r m e s u A. D the la of Ki g o ell the ood, hich da e f o abo t . — 9 4 2 - 3 m n n ur r ide Tr ns n b , or before the iddle of the te th ce t y a latio v ‘ lV s n n 1 7 30 — we ﬁnd w ul . O ttonu s in G , Lo do , , white cattle ith red ear , all probabili ty the same breed of cattle as those I have been referring

as m ns n O ff n s mm g ns to, ordered to be paid a co pe atio for e ce co itted a ai t T — i — “ s a de . 1 . 1 0 1 1 the Princes of ale ( Lib , chap vi . , pp . ) — D e solvenda JlI ulta R egis Multat pro injuria Regi Aberfravia illata

l nda n um o s ualibet n u subditione hoc modo so ve . Ce t vac a pro q ce t ria e us R us solvet et cum Sin ulis centeni s v accis unum Taurum anribus j e , g s ra ditum cum V ur a us m cum R lon itudinis ma n r uﬁ p irga a e ej de ege g , g i

e us m n m et cras situdi ne un u s aratoris ui tudine digiti j i i i, g i q per novem ” um m n it it . A ur n deb ur n s R Aberf v i s araver ra a . 3 anuo e i i i i egi . D omini D inev ora pri vilegium est accip ere pro comp ensatione injuria sibi al as u s u s habentes m u illata vaccas b a re r fa , totide q ot ordine sibi suc

n n Ar oelia 8 D inev ora m et cum Sin ulis vicenis cedentes perti ge t ab g ( ) ad , g

usde m A u um n m n enditur n s R D n v accis taurum ej coloris . r e i i p i i egi i e ” vora vel Regi Aberfrav ia .

D NGS OF HE 2 6 1 0 RO E E T S O ETY JUNE 1 0 1 8 7 . P C I CI , ,

O s a ns in m ni n n s u s now b erv tio , y opi o , te d to how the tr th of the view s a t ted.

Y t sa s the O ld n s W ea n ouat y , lege d of ales sp k of the ancie t domasti cated in is u s m n ns ra cattle be g of a dark or redd h colo r, re e bli g co ide bly D n and i n m u “ the evo cattle ; accord g to the sa e a thority, the slightes t ‘ s a n ill n n us a in D ns ir uss ob erv tio w co vi ce that the c ttle evo h e, S ex,

Wa s and S n all ss n s m H e ns s le , cotla d, are e e tially the a e. co ider that r ed had n r m u as ac s u all s bee thei pri itive colo r, he tr e it thr o gh the e

a s a nd a s t a n w an u as a o w v rietie , decl re h t eve here other colo r, bl ck, n

a ls m m O f s l mains and has a su rs t us prev i , the e ory the red til re , pe ti io n it in n s In S n a s revere ce paid to the lege d of the people. cotla d l o there has a a s x s a u n O f r n n lw y e i ted pop lar feeli g prefe e ce for the red cow, it bei g ”

a u and m m . h decl red to be l ckier, to give ore ilk It is, per aps, worthy

n in n u s n u U us B r imi of otice, relatio to the q e tio of colo r, that the r or . p genius is believed to have been Of a dark or black colour ; and in what I consider to be a very rare specimen of a portion of the Skull of the B0 3 l n rons ns and s n and a r s ll a a o n , with the hor part of the ki h i ti tt ched,

i was i n l s n me ss m n u a wh ch k d y how by Profe or Fle i g, the colo r of the h ir,

f r as ou can u m a s m n un in an I is ho is a s as a y j dge fro peci e fo d r h g, l o of a s ni s n ma hearin r a i n a black or d rk reddi h or brow h ti t ; it y be, g a el t o to the very colour to which I have been alluding. I may remark that the small size of the domes ticated cattle in this

O Imtr m the s m s s ms me an a na and c y, fro very earlie t ti e , ee to dditio l a unanswerable objection to their h aving descended from the gig ntic Urus . N n in his a r a e ns s Professor ilsso , however, paper l e dy referr d to, co ider

ma a as n and n a u a the m a is that we y t ke it a give ge er l r le, th t ta e r ce " m s n No w s is s s s . always less than the wild pecie fro which it pri g , thi a

w I am mu h n n u t ha n as proposition hich very c i cli ed to do b , be vi g, I do, that animals are by no means necessarily degenerated and dwarfed in their

ns as ss su ses n a n un ar and dimensio , the Profe or ppo , whe t ke der the c e

man b t on n are n as in s protection of , u , the co trary, rather i cre ed ize, by

n l as a n n to r r n careful tending and feedi g, as we l by tte tio thei b eedi g ;

s in s w am n n in ma un and example proof of thi vie , I i cli ed to th k , y be fo d W n w m u s c m ns s a s rs s &c . e s in our dome tic ted dog , ho e , k o , fro ch pe i e

ulls a s smal s O f ast s m s s Of as these sk I h ve de cribed, the l ize at le o e pecie n and s Of an es n n n cattle in the Roma period other , exactly corr po di g ki d NOT ES O N THE N E NT D 61 1 A CI CATTLE O F SCO T LAN . and s n un as a a m n n n in a n ize , have bee fo d , lre dy e tio ed, belo g g to mm ns n us in s wa m s i e ely older geologic period , carryi g back thi y to ti e

the n man T m s as s . n in m u altogether prior to exi te ce of he , ch later ti e , s wn in W s s O f H w the G d in n n u ho the el h Law o ell oo , the te th ce t ry

’ s ide Wotton s T ns s Wallicee n n us ( ra . Lege ), we have appare ly give to

n s s O f s us u n and so m s the differe t ize the yoke ed for plo ghi g if , fro the e we ﬁnd that the cattle of that date must have been much smaller than

ﬁ nd s i s s n . T us n . . tho e of the pre e t day h we it tated Lib . III , chap . ix , — “ . 27 9 D e S ocieta te Am ti onis : u um uattuor us n um p , J g breve q pedib (lo g ) Jugum maiale octonis pedib us Jugum axillare d uodenis pedibus Jngum l n f e s o urn s n s d n s bus . In ss s O s g e i e i pedi other pa age th e law , we have

s us s e as m su s n b n a n the e vario yoke r ferred to ea re of the la d, ei g ppare tly

n m - n wn s s i f n s ms s The take fro the well k o ize of the d f ere t yoke the elve .

t Youatt s s s s a nd S ca tle, M r ay , were alway yoked abrea t, the hort yoke

n was n u W s n n n s for two oxe o ly fo r el h feet of i e i che each , or three

n s in n n as n in s m n u n feet E gli h le gth, i cre i g the a e proportio for fo r oxe

and w was s n W s e n l s n . for eight, hich ixtee el h f et, or twelve feet E g i h lo g

f s Wallicae U n n u n trium 2 O f . . O Chap . ix . Lib III Lege cia lo git di e — — granor um hordeacorum constat Palma tribus unciis Pes tribus p almis ns s Youatt s showing in thi s way of what these measures co i t . M r declare that an ox O f the pres ent day would requir e a s omewhat larger Space than

n s nd Vida Yo ua tt O n eighteen inches in order to work or eve to ta . ( ” Cattle ) And when we remember the s mall size of our domesticated

in n n m s is n s n n n m i n cattle a cie t ti e , it i tere ti g to otice a other re ark

his u w in m s O f page 3 O f val able ork, regard to the co parative ize the well- tended cattle of the pres ent day There is no doubt that within

ur s has ss n as in n nd and the last cent y their ize progre ively i cre ed E gla , ” H ow s m kept pace with the improvement O f agriculture . far thi ay go m min as as W n on s eem s rather a difﬁcult atter to deter e , well to hat exte t

ma n m its n a species of animal like the ox y be cha ged fro origi al type ,

n ma in s m s and m v n in s degenerati g, it y be , o e place , i pro i g other , by being long under the dominion and management O f experimenting and calculating man. These rough notes I consider as tending to show the extreme imp ro bability of our domestic cattle being the des cendants of the large - sized

’ nia s a nd s sa u n Bus p rimi ge ; hall I y, the probability of their tr e proge itor G O F TH E S Y J NE 1 0 1 7 2 6 1 2 RO E E D N S O IE T U 8 . P C I C , ,

n s m a nd u l - n n BO 3 Ion z ons s - n bei g this all eq al y a cie t g ﬁ , or hort hor ed ox , which has been proved to have exis ted in this country fr om the late r geologic periods down at leas t to the bus tling times O f' busy

I n n us n I e u n m a u Of n m m ns and co cl io , have to r t r to y cat log e a i al re ai , , m n s n in s n m l u a n n n aki g a rapid de ce t the cale of a i al life , a l de to a cie t m us n ze n as no w as the oll c, which had bee pri d the a delicacy for table , and is s s i s n w w un i the la t of the e rel c I have to otice, hich ere fo d w th the tr aces of the R oman occupation O f this district I refer to the Com

’ mo n O s Ostrecc. ed uhs O f w s s m su n 4 in es in y ter, } hich thi hell, ea ri g } ch

r s m w e and s s w un g eate t dia eter ( hich I xhibit), everal other ere fo d

f in s s n n s l - ﬁsh as we as O f af ord ga proof of the large ize of thi a cie t hel , ll

n n ss R m n u n s in n s n the fo d e of the o a epic re , eve at thi la d tatio , for the

s s r celebrated oy ter of ou British s eas .

1 M D am c now o f es han s are due to m n am Sm th E s . y b t t k y frie d Ad i , q , i k (

Me ourn A us a a and to Mr ra nc s ur n Ne wst a sinc eceas e for lb e, tr li ) ; F i B et e d ( e d d), th e r z a in i e l procuring for me these various specimens .

’ m am ton o me i Wh t O x ro H n Dr Kno s o ec on. Side~ View of Skull of i e f il , f r rly x C ll ti 6 02 and (See pp .

6 1 4 RO E E D NGS OF T HE SO ETY J NE 1 1 7 2 . P C I CI , U 0 , 8

T 1 : V I\ 0 TE O F T H E “HL D I H ITE O x o r D Z O W H I CA , AM LTO N.

In ’ the very short abstract of D r Robert Knox s paper already referred ’ ” O n W O x S n u to the ild of cotla d , p blished in the Proceedings of the ” R a S S n i . 1 8 4 y . 5 . 201 o l ociety of cotla d, vol , , p , he says The cranium w l H a of the i d ox of milton differs very much from those of mos t domestic

S u of W O x rom H am on orm in D r Kno s o c o n. k ll hite f ilt , f erly x C lle ti

( 9 inches 9 lines in length . )

n ar ul in the e e d s n ss the n s a oxe , p tic arly the breadth of for h a , hort e of a l

n s and nﬁ u n n th e n s ls . n bo e , co g ratio of the i terior of o tri Ma y of the w ” A ’ u s ns s s are . t s D r n b ll have hor , hil t other polled the ale of K ox s

ns s e n H m n w w as u as collectio , a polled kel to of the a ilto ild ox p rch ed by

’ P f ss Goo dsir hi m r us S cotzcus and th e Ana ro e or , labelled by U , added to

cal us um Of U n s T s is un u a n m t to mi M e the iver ity. hi do btedly the i al o w r n in hi e T u the n n ss o f m hich D K ox refers s pap r. hro gh ki d e y friend NO T E S O N T E NC I E NT TTLE o ND 6 1 5 H A CA r SCOTLA .

ss T u n I a n un e am n and h Profe or r er , have had opport ity of x ini g it, , wit

stan B i n add m s m n m ass . u s s n the i ce of M r A. St rli g, a few ea re e t for co pari o w s a m ith the other varieties of cattle de cribed . I als o able to giv e ﬁgures

6 1 2 and w O f the s ul s H m n . so far as I am k l of thi a ilto ox (pp hich, a wa n t n b s re , have o yet bee pu li hed

ill eas ur ements of S/i' ull of R ecent lV/eite a s fr om H a milto n

In.

n s u m su - o n of Le g th of k ll fro pra ccipital ridge to fro t edge n l n s i termaxi lary bo e ,

Length from supra- occipital ridge a long centre of forehea d to n s n s a al bo e ,

e n h m n sa su u t o r n n m bon s L gt fro a l t re f o t of i ter axillary e , m n of o to u s 8 Length fro ce tre ccipital ridge pper edge of orbit , Length O f or bits 2 of s 2 Breadth orbit , Lengt h from front of orbit to front of maxillary bone

L ength from front o f orbit to front edge of. intermaxillary n bo e, Length of nas al bones R ight,

Left, nas one s Breadth of al b ,

a a t u e r Br eadth of forehe d pp r pa t,

c oss ou m w w n and o ts Breadth a r ab t id ay bet ee top rbi , B ad s ul ss m le s re th of k l acro idd of orbit , ss on of n m l n s Breadth acro fr t i ter axi lary bo e , n h O f al so s u r aw Le gt veolar cket of ppe j ,

H eight Of skull from supra- occipital ridge to upper edge m n m num fora e . ag ,

- g H eight O f skull from supra occipital. rid e to the bas e O f the s u l k l ,

t . n s ste o Bread h of occipital co dyle , po ri rly,

L ouv er a w n j , le gth, D om o ss as epth fr condyloid pr ce to b e , D m a ss s epth from te p or l proce to ba e,

- AI eas ur emenfs of S keleton.

A tla s n hr u ora m n , le gth t o gh f e , ow Greatest breadth bel .

V . 1 x RT I I . O L . PA 6 1 6 r nocnr nmcs or r u s cmr' E 1 0 7 2 n o r, JUN , 1 3 .

In Axis n t 5 , le g h, B e w 4 r adth belo , Sca ula n t w ou art a 1 6 p , le g h ( ith t c il ge), Br ad r ss base 1 0 e th ac o ,

1 -2

B a a r ss w ar ul n 3 re dth c o lo er tic atio , Rad ius n h , le gt , 1 1 Br a h o we u a n e dt of l r artic l tio , 3 Ulna n th rom ol um , le g f ecran , 1 4 Ca us n th m , le g , 2 8

B ea a ross a ula n r dth c lower rtic tio , 3 Pha la nx ﬁ s en h , r t, l gt , 2 S n en h eco d, l gt , 1 H o n o f, le gth, 2

Pelvis en th w en u . i um and u o sch um , l g bet e t by of il t by. f i i , 1 5

B ead a ross t u s. il uni r th c b of l , 2 5

B a cross u s . s um 1 re dth a t b of i chi , 3 o ss ul Brea dth acr acetab a, 8 F emur r s n t 1 , g ea te t le g h, 6 ss w t u t on 4 Brea dth acro lo er ar ic la i , Tibia n 1 4 , le gth, B oss w t u ati on 2 readth acr lo er ar ic l , 6

Ta r s'us n 2 , le gth, Meta ta r sus n 9 , le gth, r ss w r a t ul n 2 Breadth ac o lo e r ic atio , 2 1 Second, 2 R oof, This ox is therefore ra ther larger than the usual size of the ancient J ut ns ra an si e as ll as a in BOS longifrons b co ide ble r ge of z , we v riety the ns m ar nt in us a n a tte . directi on of the hor , t be pp e ly allowed eve the l r The m ore massive skull and breadth of forehea d is partly due probably to this H amilton ox being a. bull a nd the principal difference is in the nas a b n s an n ur i n in shortness of the l o e , d the co ﬁg at o of the terior of the nostrils which is apparently due to the greater projection forwards and r s s um f the n s a lam n from w downwards towa d the ept o o e, of i a the lo er

6 1 E F 8 O THE S I Y J 1 0 1 8 7 2 . PROC EDINGS OC ET , UNE ,

a cross the fo rehead be tween the roots of the horn- cores and the horn

o s ms s are a so ar in 7 in s in i u f n at c re the elve l l ger, be g } che c rc mere ce the

a s . T are a ou n s in n t but o n s n o n b e hey b t i che le g h, the p i t b ei g br ke , w e anno of ou s m T i s s u is c t c r e deter in e this measurement correctly. h k ll a so m o om n n in u a O f o ad and has the ro l re pr i e t the pper p rt the f rehe , p ” m n n s and n u a on mi dd of o a d w h Pr o~ i e t edge t i g p l g the le the f rehe , hic fes sor N sso n of Lun s as a s a a te o f hi s ox mo il d give peciﬁc ch r c r t , re d s i n ma an in an of m ns The s ond s u i t ctly rked th y the other speci e . ec k ll

on s to a mu s mal ani ma n nea ua in s z to as bel g ch ler l , bei g rly eq l i e the le t of os o m sc d The m asu m n s are z—B a th e f r erly de ribe . e re e t here re dth a oss o ea d n o n- o s 5 in s The o n - o s cr the f reh betwee the h r c re , 5 che . h r c re are n ar B in s in n o ow n o u ur a e ly f che le gth, f ll i g the ter c v tur e ; and their

um n a t as i 4 in s I n is n v d ua a circ fere ce the b e s che . th i di i l lso the p ro minence of the upper par t of the forehead and of the o ccipital ridge is

is in m ns are n n . T s s r s as s ow n s f very d t ct he e peci e i te e ti g, h i g omewhat o

an in s z and S a of s an ma We ma su os the r ge the i e h pe thi i l. y pp e the sm to c w an u B t a a o d ar one a . u in all ar t s ller be , the l ger b ll the v ie ie of siz i a ns n ra s m an in a a e, there s co tant ge e l re e bl ce ch r cter.

P o sso N sson has d s as a d s in s i s of ox a ar r fe r il e cribed i t ct pec e , v iety

in a is in u s om 3 0 3 lon z 'ons a n on pr cip lly d t g i hed fr the g ﬁ , by h vi g l ger i s to o ns o ad mo oun in fr on and the d ped cle the h r , the f rehe re r ded t, ri ge

O f o u is n i in n whi has a Bee ron the ccip t r i g h gh the ce tre, ch he c lled the f tosus u ou i l o s a in an a on the ta h re is a ; b t y w l b erve th t the cr i ble, t e v ery considerable var iety both i n the pro minence of the forehead and the o u in tl e of the occipital ridge .

In a w I a n a our P o sso O w n letter with hich h ve bee f v ed by r fe r e , he info rms me that two of the specimens previously exhibited are the most

n ( h n And perfect crani a of the Boa lo g/ from which he as yet see . he cons iders that they tend to strengthen his O pini on of this o x being a

s n s s O f oss l ox all a s r s nts in di ti ct pecie f i , the v rietie which it p e e the different specimens he has examined being Within the limits of an admitted ra nge ; while he believes the Bos frontosus o f Nilsson to be

' merely a variety of the B03 longcfr mzs .

h is mos an n of sma s z a t in ound in T is the t cie t the ll i ed c t le, be g f the

s - a r os s of n o n orma on a on drifts and fre h w te dep it the ewer pli ce e f ti , l g with remains O f the h uge animals of that time the elephant and the

O N TH E N NOTES A CIENT C ATTLE O F 1 SCOTLAND . 6 9

no o s and rhi cer 3 downwards o u thr gh the deposits of the alluvium to the r d o o f man as s m , ns on a S pe i the peci e the t ble how, shortly after which it om s o — bec e l st as a species probably m , re aining in some of the domestic a as its c ttle a r os r and as a sm l te p te ity, all additional evidence on this o n I m , ay m n on a in one of ‘ p i t e ti th t the s u s r ous s d k ll p evi ly de cribe , s there r ma n r of mo a till e i ed th ee the l r teeth , being the two last molars of the u r aw and ppe j , the third the last molar of the other side T e e . h s I a om ar o f our om s a h ve c p ed with the teeth d e tic c ttle , and fo und them to a mos be l t identical in character the arran m , ge ent O f their enamel o s and n ra s ru ur n sam see oo u f ld ge e l t ct e bei g the e ( w dc t).

3 .

T wo as 2d a n ( d 3d Maxi la Mo a s of h s de of sma l Sho - x Bos l t ), l ry l r rig t i l rt horned 0 , Ion r n ons O wen . Found at Newstead Rox u hs e. See Pa No . III . ( ) , b rg hir ( l te, ) na u a ( t r l s ize).

I believe these skulls to be the ﬁrst remains of the Boa longifr mw a i and which h ve been discovered n Scotl .

I ma a so m n on a in Ma 1 85 3 r was y l e ti , th t y the e presented to tne ua s of o an M us eum O f the Society of Antiq rie Sc tl d 0. portion of the lower aw - on of an ox h had n oun in a s an ui n of s a j b e , w ich bee f d tr ge b ldi g, ever l ’ ” a m s r a umu us and a a P s H ous s ua o n ch ber , cove ed by t l , c lled ict e , it ted

s n of Widefor d H ill n ar a l O n i w as the we ter declivity , e Kirkw l , rk ey, wh ch and a u am n G o P r Th m n o pened p rtic larly ex i ed by e rge et ie, E sq. e speci e

ons s s of a or on of o of aw- on w as a which c i t p ti the b dy the j b e, l tely m n Pro ssor ueckett o f R o a Co of Su ons London exa i ed by fe Q the y l llege rge , , him t o n to a nd w as considered by o bel g this same speci es o f the B0 3 1 N V de P a e o . 1 1 I. i l t , 6 20 or T HE Y N 1 0 1 8 2 . PROCEEDINGS SOCIET , JU E , 7

‘ m a lon i ons . I s s s o of no as o n s n gﬁ t ee e peci lly w rthy tice, pr vi g the exi te ce of is sma ox in O n Is an s at a r ar n the th ll the rk ey l d , ve y e ly period, whe country in all pro babili ty was inhabited by so me of the p riniitive races of ur and and is so far as I am a a o l ; , w re, the ﬁrs t instance of its exis tence

ein no so far to nor in B a n b g ticed the th rit i .

In on us on I ma r mar a n c cl i , y e k, th t the occur re ce of this O rkney

cim n s ou d li to a om s a x is a s in s in spe e , h l we be eve it be d e tic ted o , l o tere t g,

’ as ~it may be consider ed an additional evidence Of the early inhabitants of t s co un a in am an o na na r n no hi try h v g t ed rigi l tive b eed, it bei g by means likely tha t in this comparatively remo te place the domesticated ox ou a n om a in o u ma n o c ld h ve bee derived fr the c ttle, tr d ced it y be, i t the

of B oman on s southern parts ritain by the R col i t.

ata —Ha in rou the n n ss of P of sso F m n am n N v g, th gh ki d e r e r le i g, ex i ed

ma l- z d x nd Is an I a add d som a skull of the S l si e O of the Shetla l ds, h ve e e of its measurements for co mpari son with the small o xen referred to

ommun a o In i s s u we a ro here and in the previous c ic ti n. th k ll h ve the p minent edge in the middle of the forehead rising from the depression

a o the or s and oun ro u an in between and rather b ve bit , the r ded p t ber ce the

- The orn- o es ow are central part of the supra o ccipital ridge. h c r , h ever, z of s u and considerably longer and larger in proportion to the si e the k ll ,

s ou a ds and u wa ds. curve backward , tw r , p r

Measur ements of S kull of R ecent Shetland

Length of skull from sup ra- occipital ridge to front edge of axil a on s interm l ry b e ,

- h ad Length from supra occipita l ridge a long centre of fore e a on s to nas l b e ,

n- co es to u ed e of o s Length from roots of hor r pper g rbit , ts Length of orbi , o ts Breadth O f rbi , t nd of ma a on Length from orbit o e xill ry b e, n d of nter-ma a bon Length from orbit to fro t e ge i xill ry e,

d f ts of orn- o re s Breadth of forehead between mid le o roo h c ,

ss na o s a Breadth acro rr we t p rt, midd of o b s Breadth of skull across le r it , a on s Breadth across front of intermaxill ry b e , NOTE S N THE N E NT 621 O A CI CATTLE OF SCOTLAND .

H o n- o e s um r n of as r c r , circ fe e ce b e ,

H em - o s n o o in ou u a u c re , le gth f ll w g ter c rv t re, L n t of a o a soc s of u a w e g h lve l r ket pper j ,

H eight of skull from supra - occipita l ridge to upper o am n ma num f r e g ,

H eight of skull from supra - occipital ridge to the the s ul k l, B ead O f o a ond s os o r th ccipit l c yle , p teri rly,

I n a s a A ccormt O f o an vol. . E n u 1 79 1 in the St ti tic l S c tl d, i di b rgh, ,

a oun O f a s of D eltin S an is s a a car the cc t the p ri h g, hetl d, it t ted th t the f a cow om 1 70 as Of a x m 3 to 4 s. a o c e Shetland o weighs fro cwt , th t fr

to 2 30 lbs .

I subj oin a few measurements o f the skeleton of a young animal o f

Bos lon i ons to an a of s z of s s s of ox a n gfr , give ide the i e thi pecie , t ke ’ fro m Pro fess or Nilsson s paper already referred to

Bos L O N GIFR N O S. — Gener a l har acter . The o ad ﬂa n d a om n n d s and n C f rehe tte e , with pr i e t e ge t i g u a on m dd and a smal nd n n a a ds o ns ound sma p l g the i le, ler i e ti g b ckw r ; the h r r , ll, d a ds and n in on and d e d ou a u e d on o a ds. ir cte tw r ly pw r , be t irecti f rw r T o u f m s o was 5 4 in n n j dge ro the kelet n, it feet ches lo g from the ape to the

‘ end of um - on ad a ou 1 oo 4 n h s so w o n the r p b e, the he b t f t i c e , that the h le le gth f n s F om ma of i on s i mus ha n a ou 6 8 . s nd ts ts od t ve bee b t eet i che r the le er ke b e , b y must ra ther have resembled a deer than our common tame ox ; its legs at the extremi ties ar e certainly somewhat shorter and also thinner than those of a crown

- he s u is lon an n mo so n a d ul an d s a . T d a o n eer (f l tlere t g) k ll g rr w, eve re tha th t of a deer. “ The s of s on mos i a of am ox but a on in ro re t kelet t l ke th t the t e , e ch b e p h is mo s nd and n portion to the lengt re le er thi . “ A tlas : the breadth over the wings 4 inches 5 lines ; under the length of the is u in s u 1 n 3 n s ax a o 3 . c rve, i ch li e ; b t che “ oulder Bla de ca ula n h 1 1 n h s 4 n n 1 ne Sh , S p : le gt , i c e li es ; breadth, 6 i ches li ;

- in 1 n l n s cav . n. to s 7 from gle p , i ch i e . ’ ummu s : n t 8 n s 6 n s ad h of o o n s su erﬁcies 2 H le g h, i che li e ; bre t l wer j i t p , 4 n s inches li e . s in n Radius : about 1 0 inche le gth. 2 E E O F T HE E T E 6 2 S O U N 1 0 1 8 7 2 . PROC DINGS CI Y, J ,

' JI eta ca r us : en h 7 in h s 3 i nes a d h o f o w a cu a su a e 2 p l gt , c e l ; bre t l er rti l r rf c , inches .

s g in a in - P lvi : e 1 oo 2 n 2 l n 0 m. a t r a t Va l e n s s . F m bu O l th right l e, f t i che i e , ,

w w r in front s ome ha t narro e . “ - F emw : n h 1 1 n s 4 nes . le gt , i che li T ibia : n h 1 1 n 4 s ines . le gt , i che l ‘ ﬁl eta ta rsus : n t 8 in s 4 n s F s toe o n 2 nc es s cond 1 le g h, che li e . ir t j i t, i h e , n 2 n s the 2 n s 2 in s in n oo e e . i ch li e h f, i che l l gth

In rs a on Bos Io n r o ns I d to an n st n the ﬁ t p per the n , referre i tere i g s he m n s o n m b n F m n D . D in t to e a P o ss o o . peci e h w y the l te r fe r J h le i g, ,

Por o ns o f S ul o f s ma l Sho - H o ﬁ w h H r ned O x . oun ti k l l t r ( g it orns (ﬁgs . f d by Mr a mes raw e 25 ee b e o w the sur a e of his bo nea as e onne l oun J C l y f t l f c g, r C tl C l , c ty ' L me k I e and in une 1 846 and iven to Mr ames D enn on i ric , r l , J , g J is t of O Brien

Br d e by whom was resen ed to the Museum of the New o l e e E d n i g , it p t C l g , i bur h 1 8 6 4 . g ,

us um o f New C o E n u a in o o ns and a so M e the llege, di b rgh , h v g b th the h r , l

ma ns o f a O f sk n w the a a a d a a n s o in a re i p rt the i ith h ir tt che , pp re tly h w g

624 DI or T H E T Y J E 1 0 1 8 7 2 . PROCEE NGS SOCIE , UN ,

1 ound man a s a o a on on s of an Cm'vus a lces were f y ye r g l g with the b e elk ( ), ’ i n the a moss ad o nin Willi r n W lf The est uther s o ea o e . pe t j i g l ch, r ele o i s not far om r Sli tri in a ish of H a i The l ch l e fr the iver g, the p r w ck.

on s a v now un o una ll a n d b e h e f rt tely a f lle as i e .

KIR KC DB E U RIGH TSHI R .

B u B s — or e om es . S n s no s w e e ut to her some on s of ( g , i ce the e te r p get , b e B0 3 lon r ons n u n a o n f nta n w he ar the gif , i cl di g p rtio o the fro l bo e ith t ch acteris tic s ma o n- o e hi d a t a m in of o t ll h r c r , were ex bite eet g the S cie y

un 1 8 T - J e 73 . hey were so me of the ﬁr st fruits of an explo ration of a a o n l n of ffs to sou - s of ba of K r u c ve the i e cli the th we t the y i kc dbright, on the a m of Bo n s s in a s f B u o o . The a is n a e f r r e , the p ri h rg e c ve bei g c r ul am n d Mr A d B u and u . . Co an . C a f ly ex i e by J rrie M r W r ce l rke, f ll d a s il u is d n h n u d n et il w l be p bl he whe t ey have co cl de their inves tigatio . ” A s o no e of omm n m n of h s wo is u is in Na u e h rt t the c e ce e t t i rk p bl hed t r , for Au us 7 1 87 3 is re s a a the on s n ud d ox red g t , 3 it the t ted th t b e i cl e ,

- ma n a ts wa - vo &c i ma ns oa o s n . deer, g t, h r e, pig, pi e rte , r bbi , ter le, , w th re i

a m f s c o f ds o s nd ﬁs h and ud m nts o on on & . bir , fr g , , r e i ple e b e, t e, )

WIGTO NSH IR E .

t k —A 1ake—d n or anno in D owalton o was D owa l on L0 c . welli g cr g l ch xam n Sir W li am a o f Monr eath Ba t and a ous onz e i ed by il M xwell , r , v ri br e

n udin a R oman a a and num ous on s of an ma s s s &c. ve sel , , i cl g p tell , er b e i l ,

T s w ere pres ented to the M useum by Sir Willi a m in M arch 1 8 65 . he e — n s w o n- o s one a a o n o 6 included two frontal bo e ith h r c re ; l rger h r c re, 5 um n at its as and 3 n s on its o n n inches in circ fere ce b e, i che l g, p i t bei g “ il The s ma o n- o m asu s 4 n s in umfere n bro ken o . ller h r c re e re } i che circ ce,

‘ T wo o ons of s u s and also of o r a s all of on . and 3 inches . l g p rti k ll , l we j w ,

- ox B0 3 lon rons . a sma ll sized , the n

E D INBUR GH SH IR E .

— f man o am h ' m r ma ns o Ro oraa o taria &c . h ur r a h S ome re i p ttery, p , , ,

on s of an ma s d and o n ound a t In s n a a long with b e i l , eer xe , f vere k, e r

w s n to us um A m a Sir A and M usselburgh, ere pre e ted the M e by d ir l lex er

1 d P o . Soc An i S o . vol . of Rema ns of E lk ound in S o a n . . See Notice i f c tl , r c t q c t

326 . ix. p. NOT E S O N THE A NCI E NT CAT TLE OF S CO TLAND . 625

The ln in Ma 1 8 65 . on s of o n ma o a M i e, y b e the xe y pr b bly be

o B0 3 lon rmzs o f Roman referred t the gif the period .

l K (Media — A u ous ou - a d d and d onz m m n of a c ri d ble bl e edge br e i ple e t,

w s un t a d un u a a 3 in. on a o a of iq e ch r cter ( % l g), f d epth nearly 1 1 fee t

o m su a in an und s u of a a on fr the rf ce, i t rbed bed gr vel , l g with some o f

s f a sma - s z O N and ad us om — the bone o ll i ed , the r i fr the right fore leg of a m oderate s ized do in the v al of lVater of L h a t n g, ley the eit , Ki leith, no t

The a - was o far from the village of Currie . gr vel bed verlaid by beds o f sand and a a nd o nar a mou d and was cl y the rdi y veget ble l , nearly 300

The feet distant from the present b ed of the s tream. bones of the ox

Cons s of a o f - o n or a a u um w i ted p rt the left hip j i t cet b l , ith a portion o f

u on a ta d o o ons of a or - on a the p bic b e t che , l wer p rti the tibi leg b e, nd the cannon or metatars al bone of the same side ; also the condyles or low er

a o f mu or hi - on f From th e m p rt the fe r t gh b e o the right. s all size of ‘ se on s h ma su os d to on to BO3 lo n the b e , t ey y be pp e bel g the gifrons . T s n me to us um of S o in 1 8 3 hey were pre e ted by the M e the ciety 6 .

inbu — ‘ E d r h N ort L oc B n . R h h am s M ai M D . N &c g , J e , , , . , informs me that he has in his possession portions of three specimens of the Bos

Ion ro ns w i s o in 1 8 70 w n n , h ch were di c vered he excavating for the oun a ons o f lVav erle S a on of the No B s Ra wa in f d ti the y t ti rth riti h il y, the valley extending fro m the north o f the C as tle R ock between the Old

’ and N ew T o wns of E n u s o m o f Nor di b rgh , the ite f r erly the L och .

The on s ons s o ne of a O f r on a on w b e c i ted , p rt the f t l b e, ith the left ho rn

o o u ur a u m a su n 4 4. in s and its r c re, ter c v t re e ri g che , ci cumference at the bas e 5 inches ano ther S pecimen m cluded the whole upper pa rt of the

on al on w o o n- o s a ta o - fr t b e, ith b th h r c re t ched the h rn c ores each measur ed

4 in s a on ou u va ur and 4 n s in i um che l gtheir ter c r t e , i che c rc ference round

as of o ns m asu a so 4 n s a oss o ad the b e the h r ; it e red l i che cr the f rehe ,

w n th - Th a bet ee e roots o f the horn cores . e l st specimen was also part o f

o n a on o n- o a a d the fr t l b e , with the right h r c re tt che it measured along its ou u a u 4 . in s and its r um n at as 5 n ter c rv t re 5 che , ci c fere ce the b e i ches.

The o n s oun a on a un an mass s of a us n s b e were f d l g with b d t e l c tri e hells ,

1 S Rema s on a B onze In ee rk r st rument found wi th bones o f ox a nd dog in a b ed

“

&c. Pr So c . S ve a e A . f i r o . nt o . o v ol. . . 8 4 . r r g v l, , c c t v p 6 26 C E E D I S o r T HE Y JU 1 0 1 8 7 2 . PRO NG SOCIET , NE ,

- Pla nor bes L mneus &c. a e o o n un ro n w , y , , the gre t r p rti b ke , thus sho ing the

a a e of o mat on as the o tom o f old o Th a f ch r ct r the f r i , b t the l ch . e ge o h s ma ns is of ou s un t e e re i c r e very certain. T he bones were presented to ‘ D r M Bain A an C s E s . o m w by lex der hri tie, q , by wh they ere disco vered a d s d n pre erve .

— I nchkeitlz. I n a oun of a i n m d n of un a n g e the cc t k tche id e cert i a ,

is o on s an of Inchk eith in Fi of Fort in 1 2 d c vered the i l d , the rth h , 87 , D av G E s F S . A. ot and u by id rieve , q , . Sc , p blis hed in the Proceedings

of So y d s r s a ous anima e ma ns n ud n o the ciet , he e c ibe v ri l r i , i cl i g th se o f

smalls ized a . T re we a so ound the ma ns of s a c ttle he re l f re i the grey e l , H a li haer u r us c s g yp .

H A D D N TO NSH RE I G I .

S ea ch — I n A l 1 8 70 a a w as o W ﬁ pri , p per rea d bef re the S o ciety by J. . ‘ 1 L aidla o f S eacliﬂ E s n ai s of an an n s u ture u o f y, , q , givi g det l cie t tr c b ilt

dr s on wal s and a c n m n : dis o d on an so a d o v t e l , kit he idde c vere i l te r ck, ” ' wn as Ghe an on sea- s n a liﬁ w f no o S ea c . The o a o k the g , the h re e r l er p rt

ui din is a ou 22 or 23 a o - wa ma and amon the b l g b t feet b ve high ter rk, g

ma ns o f an n o u a on s om ins o f diff n S z s n l s the re i cie t cc p ti e p ere t i e , eed e ,

d o nam n a om s of on ound a m nts of ars o t a n r e t l c b b e, were f ; few frag e co e p

ter a u rn &c. and ar ous anima ma ns s d s a few uman y, q e , , v i l re i ; be i e h neS o f o n a a a undan and ons s n of s ra ari ti s bo , xe gre t b ce, c i ti g eve l v e e , the B0 8 Ionn rons including a right metacarpal bone (named apparently

o O n and o s s a so in a a undan and of a by Pr f. we ), ther heep l , very gre t b ce, oa s a few ors s num ous of a sma s z o a s mall size g t , h e , pretty er , ll i e ; h gs

d r ed - d ro e do s s ra of a a s z od nts few ; eer, the eer, the g , eve l, l rge i e ; r e , the s and s es a few esid s the ma ns of wa te r vole, &c. ; bird ﬁ h , very ; b e re i

f w h as m ﬁnd w s v na u a to a s &c. o rabbits , r t , , hic , they ight their t r lly the — P. 374 . no a oun n d a n. d eposit, cc t ee be t ke

O n mentioning the so mewha t C eltic- like name of Ghegan to the ‘ A t our l - n wn hlan LL D . E . S . . S o o C t omas M Lauc . Rev . Th , , c , we l k el ic ” “ o d me m a n as Ga e i Gao an s cholar, he t l , it ight be expl i ed l c g , the little ” ba or hi n o r o at ba i s me to s ri i y, the little t g r ck the y, wh ch ee d be de c pt ve the Sa on oe is s non mous w C eo o f the locality x g , which y y ith the eltic g

2 . l vii . . 3 o S oc. An i . S o . vo . 7 Pr c . t q c t i p T HE AN ENT ATT E TLA D 6 27 NO TE S ON CI C L OF S CO N . o r eothu — eu n is o a so a oss oo : o r old I an g , i let, , h wever, l p ible r t the cel dic

Gj u b ut the a n is a true Celtic termination.

— So m on s of Bos oun 1 5 un ram Ba l one . D , g e b e the f d feet der

-t Bal one r s n to us um of n and a peat moss a g , were p e e ted the M e Scie ce

E n u Sir G. Gran S u Ba . T s ons s of Ar t, di b rgh , by t ttie, rt he e c i t the n u o on of a s ma s u w o n c or s o w aw br oke pp er p rti ll k ll ith h r e , l er j , T m as u &c. hey e re,

H or te- cores

e R n a on a u a u , ight, le gth l g gre ter c rv t r i um e n of base C rc f re ce , L n n a eft, le gth e rly, um e n of as e Circ f re ce b ,

L ower a w o on of od of s d mo j , p rti b y left i e with lar teeth, d th b ind a s mo a ep eh l t l r,

F emur a en , gre test l gth, L n th tw n a ula surfa es e g be ee rtic r c , B a d a oss ow a u ation re th cr l er rtic l , com m en h ns d S , l gt i i e,

L I NLITH GO WSE TR E .

- — - Kinneil. A s ul and a of is of a s o orn ox k l p rt the pelv h rt h ed , found in a moss at Kinneil s n to us um of , were pre e ted the M e the S ociety by

D r Wa A am in. 1 8 4 9 The s u is o a lter d . k ll t ler bly perfect, the anterior

a t of s u o ma l a s n o n a wa I p r the peri r xi l rie bei g br ke y. t has two short ho n- o s and is a so a ound d o n a u r c re , there l r e br ke pert re in the front of I fo a . t m as u s in the rehe d e re ,

Length fr o m the middle of o ccipital ridge to transvers e

nasa su ur 1 l t e , nches .

D o to u a of o s . pper p rt rbit ,

H o n- o s in n t r c re , le gth, righ ,

do e f . l t ,

D o um n at bas . circ fere ce e , O s n rbit , le gth,

D o a . bre dth ,

L n of a eo a r so s e gth lv l cket . or 2 6 28 E D II E Y E 1 0 1 8 . PROCE INGS T E SOCI T , JUN , 7

f in in n s 3 . r ates The inn o mina te bo e o the pelvis mea sure 1 ft. g e t

4 in a d and 9 in n 1 . . es ea a o s a oss le gth ; ft gre t t br th b ve, % che cr the front of pelvis a t upper pa rt of acetabula Thes e bo nes are of much

m o a w w ou I w es o e n . n som no s c inter t, fr the l c lity here th y ere f d e te hi h w u li s d in v iii f n t r ol. . o P o d s of he o t des n e e p b he v the r cee i g S cie y, cribi g 1 a Ro man s u u s on o t at Gran n ar Bo owstounness the l rge c lpt red t e g ge, e rr , in mm i ate n ou ood of Kinneil I cal d a n on to the the i ed eighb rh , le tte ti ” fa a Kinneil m an in Ga H a d of Wa and was ct th t e t elic the e the ll, it in i s n o u oo o a n a w s ul ur d ston was th eighb rh d, pr b bly e r here the c pt e e

n a R oman wall w n th o h and min ou e F C d a ed . f d, th t the bet ee rt ly e ter t

The s ul o was ound in a o a an n l o u d k l , theref re , f l c lity cie t y cc pie by the

R omans .

L AN AR KS H IRE . — Glasgow In a paper publi shed in the Transac tions of the Geo

” “ 1 5 2 1 8 67 O n O urre n o a So t of G as o v ol. . . l gic l cie y l g w, ii p , , the cc ce

' ” o f B08 lo r ona and B0 3 n' imi emus in An n D t of C d ngif j g the cie t rif the ly e,

2 th A r 1 8 6 6 am s B nni f . to o on 1 o H . M rea d the S ciety p il by M r J e e e,

o o a Sur v to hi m a en on was a l d Mr ohn Youn Ge l gic l ey, w ch y tt ti c l e by J g

B nn s ta es ha a f H un an us um G as ow . o of the teri M e , l g M r e ie t t t p rt the

f a sma ox i D r S oula has co n s ed as of Bos fo rehead o ll , wh ch c r re g i the ” l r ons one of in a of C d s a was oun in oiin , the ext ct c ttle ly e d le, f d

d f at R uth n oan Go als . The o n w i h I a truer iver ri t ergle l , rb h r , h c h ve — had an O o uni t of aminin m as ur s 5 n es a oss o a d pp rt y ex g, e e ,1 i ch cr the f rehe

- The sma o n- o s a re eac betw een the roots of the horn cores . ll h r c re h } n m as ur n 4 1 n s in um n a t the roo and broke , the right e i g i che circ fere ce t,

sa m and 2 n s in n to its a tured m . The the left the e, i che le gth fr c extre ity

’ excavation was for a sewer extending se veral hundred ya rds . It was

r a nd was a and unm stak a ho ou h seven o eight feet deep , cle rly i e bly t r g

d and ra e hara te s h ou ou sam nd of river san g v l , c c ri ed t r gh t by the e ki

so m a a ll s vegetable remains which mark the Clyde dr ift e ph tic y el ewhere.

had n du out of a b ed of ﬁne sand The forehea d of the o x bee g grey ,

a of a ou s n and had a ea ran from a depth prob bly b t eve feet, it every pp ce B nni of having lain long in water before it had been silte d up . M r e e c onsidered that this skull belonged probably to wha t he called the ca no e

1 1 1 2 1 869 . S o . v ol. v . . Pro Soc. Ant . c . c t iii p ,

F 6 0 E E O T HE SO IET 1 0 1 57 2 . 3 PROC DINGS C Y, JUNE ,

K N A I C RD INE SH IRE . — — S t Cyr us L ower Wa r burton At a meeting o f the Royal Physica l

S o of E in u on 28 th a 1 8 66 a ommun a on was a ciety d b rgh the M rch , c ic ti re d

o m D r . C . H o n on os O n a Bon Ca at L o a u fr J wde , M tr e, e ve wer W rb r " ton K n a d n s hi is u l s d in i P d n s , i c r i e hire, w ch p b i he the r rocee i g (E din

l D r H o w n s a u v o . . s a a was o b rgh, iii ) de t te th t the c ve di sc vered in

1 8 4 7 in a a n of a iffs o n the a m of Lo Wa u on in , r ge tr p cl f r wer rb rt , the

f I t is s ua paris h o St Cyrus . it ted about half a mile from the est uary of N o E sk a nd n a o - m A S o the rth , ﬁftee feet b ve high water ark. h rt a ccount of it was publis hed by the late M r Alexander Bryson in the “ ” E in u New P oso a ou na for 1 5 Th a d b rgh hil phic l J r l 8 0. e l te M r lVilli am B a o n os a so ea a no of s a o e ttie, M tr e, l r d tice thi c ve bef re the

m n The n an B so a on at its in A n in 1 8 5 9 . ritish As ci ti , eeti g berdee e tr ce of a whi was a ou 1 2 a ou 5 fa es the c ve, ch b t feet wide by b t feet high, c

s ou and its a ons s in of tw o am s d n d to a ou the th, c vity, c i t g ch ber , wi e e b t

oad a a n of 20 or 30 . I t w as ﬁl d 20 feet br , with v ryi g height feet le with

s i or ons of s a a m in oun in and a a uan a loamy o l, p ti t l g ite be g f d it, gre t q tity T es onsis d of an ao d na a undan of o f organic remains. h e c te extr r i ry b ce

s of n d mo us a om sea - S o Buccinum M tilus the Shell rece t e ible ll c fr the h re, , y ,

Pa tella &c a on w o n s of a ous anima s 0mm Car dium, , , l g ith the b e v ri l

' l hus and ca r eolus Bos Sus E r ina ceus w r a feus F eles ca tus e ap p , , p , ,

' ul es H ud uus o r o Mus &c and ir d ne Ca ms v p , yp V le, , , b bo s of

assa na in ons a uan all s on s w ﬂ the S ula b , c ider ble q tity, the e b e ere chie y A a a men s the s a s n s o n. or on of broken into s m ll fr g t , h ft bei g plit pe p ti un a human parietal bone and radius were also fo d .

S ome portions O f c oarse pottery ornamented outside with a small

- n a so no one of s ss s a d ns d cord li ke patter , were l ticed, the e ve el , ch rre i i e, n s in d am te ano not a d had m a su had been about 1 0 i che i e r ; ther, ch rre , e red

D r H o n has s n me d a w n s of som O f on s about 7 inches . wde e t r i g e the b e

d and I ﬁnd r ma ns of ox had a a n on to collecte , the e i the pp re tly bel ged

l n r ons one of o n- o s m a su n a ou 6 n s in the Bos o n , the h r c re e ri g b t % i che r a ur and 5 in s in um n at length alo ng its o uter cu v t e, } che circ fere ce

and ano a out 5 n s in n and n s in its base, ther b 5 i che le gth, i che circumference. D r H owden is inclined to consider the contents of this cave as cor

- f D an s an ua s and su oses responding to the kitchen middens o the i h tiq rie , pp THE CATT LE F 1 NOTES ON ANCIENT O SCOTLAND . 63

had n s a a of human a a n r was it bee occupied a pl ce h bit tio , but that the e no a a e Few a s n evidence of its prob ble g . c ve have bee as yet explored in Scotland ; much interest is therefore attached to any such account,

' and it would have been Of great importance had the whole contents

f e u amin d o a n a . C a a n F tzmaur o t the c ve bee c r f lly ex e pt i i ice Sc t , the ’ ro r or on iam B a s o mm n a on omm n o a p p iet , Will e ttie rec e d ti , c e ced the expl r

on t un or una e a of roo l in a m f ti , bu f t t ly p rt the f fel , ass of rock o man ons and u u r s a T s is mu to y t weight, precl ded f rther e e rch . hi ch re r and its in r s w oul a n n r as a be g etted, te e t d h ve bee i c e ed by the fact, th t

' a race of wandering cave- dwellers or gipsies still exist along some parts of ou - r rocky north eastern coasts of S co tland .

A FO RF R SH IR E .

- —~ u H ood E . i C ar An us. S a T . . s n A ri 1 863 r n to p g tew rt M , q , p l , p ese ted

' us um som on s and of a sma - s z ox a a n the M e e b e teeth ll i ed , pp re tly the ’ B08 lon r ons oun in an un oun u n or P s géf , which were f d dergr d b ildi g, ict ” H ous a n o ons of us on and t m e, lo g with p rti r ty ir , wo s all pieces of red m oss am an a su s n o a f its n f n e b ed S i w re, gge ti g the pr b bility o bei g o co m Roman o u a te poraneous age with the cc p tion o f Britain.

SS—H RE RO S I .

— ' Ta m When some draining operations were going on in the Mor bha zch

r or r a raz n a ﬂat san a on sou Ma , g e t g i g, dy tr ct the th shore of the D ornoch

F r n ar own of Ta n a ous on s— o r aw of a do a i th, e the t i , v ri b e the l we j g, 1 n f a r nd and som on s of a sma ox— ti e o ei eer, e b e ll were found in a peat

m ss in 1 8 6 6 Rev . . . oass and all o by the J M J , were presented to the

us um of So . Of s a M e the ciety the e, deeply dyed by the pe t, one was the

or on of s u ara s sma - frontal p ti the k ll, with the ch cteri tic ll horn cor e of left

m asur n 4 in s in um n at as Side, e i g che circ fere ce the b e, the horn being

o n o ar s the o n o on s of an n sma x br ke t w d p i t ; with ther b e the cie t ll o ,

' the B08 longiﬁ ons .

UTH E RL AND SH RE S I .

’ ' — ’ 2 Gill T r olla . In Bro o f C TrOlla amin R the ch ill , ex ed by the ev . J . M .

1 See On Remains of Reindee ound in S o a d n P oc. vol. v . r f c tl , r , iii p . 1 86 . 9 ‘ Archaelo ia S o a vol . . A ount of The B o hs of C T o a g c tic , v cc r c ill r ll , &0 .

VOL . I x. PART 2 s 632 E E O F THE E Y E 1 0 1 8 7 2 . PROC DINGS SOCI T , JUN ,

oas s of Go s num o us ear im m nts o f s o n and on w J l pie, er ly ple e t e b e ere — oun and m a ns o f a o us an ma s n- d orse f d ; the re i v ri i l , red deer, rei eer, h ,

w a and a w ound amon mains of a is pig, h le, c ttle ere f 5 g the re the c ttle the — o n o O f a sma ox a a n h i rons T is horn- o h r c re ll , pp re tly t e B0 8 long f . h c re m asu s a ou 4 in h s in n t e re b t c e le g h .

C AIT IINES S .

l — A n h th Kett eburn. H R ind O f i t r s n e to e . bs e . e ry , S , q , pre e t d

us um of So A l 1 85 4 a o l on o f a ous ar ha o o i a M e the ciety, pri , c l ecti v ri c e l g c l " — relics a nd os teologica l remains fo und in the ruins o f a broch or so ca lled

P s T o w o n d him a t Kettleburn n a W The on s w icti h er pe e by , e r ick. b e ere

a m n d ueckett of Lo ndon and an n e s n m s o f ex i e by M r Q , give i t re ti g gli p e

’ the a a una of a n ueckett s no s w u is d in the e rly f C ith ess . M r Q te ere p bl he “ A ” aeo o a o u na L ondo n v o l . . 223 The on s n ud rch l gic l J r l , , . x p . b e i cl e

os of d o u ors ox S o f sma s z oats s s a th e eer, r eb ck, h e, , heep ll i e, g , pig , e l , w a &c A mon os in us um is a o on of s u l o f h le, . g th e the M e p rti the k l

Bos lon z ons w o n— o of s d 5 n s on and 6 n es in g ﬁ , ith h r c re left i e, i che l g i ch

um n at as and a o on of a ow aw Mr Rhind sa s circ fere ce the b e, p rti l er j , y , showing the exis te nce O f this extinct species of o x when these dwellings ” w n a ere i h bited .

K atha —S amu La in E s M R s n e to us um in el g, q , , pre e t d the M e ,

anua 1 8 6 7 a a o on of s on on and o nz m ments J ry , l rge c llecti t e , b e , br e i ple , along with po rtions of human skeletons and ani mal remains found a t “ K T ar ull des d in P his o R mains of C aith eiss . hey e f y cribe the re t ric e ” m n n 1 8 6 6 um us ma ns O f n s s u l s d hi Lo o . N o e , p b i he by , d , er re i the “ d In a a o n the A e of B o s and B0 8 lonnr ons were foun . p per g the r ch

s R ma ns of n and C a n s s Mr La n some other Prehi to ric e i Ork ey ith e , by i g, f in in anua 1 8 6 and u s in v ol. v ii. o read at the meet g J ry 7 , p bli hed the

P o n s of So states at a 6 7 w re s d tails r ceedi g the ciety, he p ge , he he give e

na d f th nh a tan s of s B o s a con of the fau an foo d o e i bi t the e r ch , th t he H e m n ons ell rs at ss . siders it was s imilar to that of the dw e Kei e ti ,

d r ed d o s oa or s do fox a s besi es the eer, h r e , pig, g t, heep, the g, , wh le ,

' a ds n udin no w a a n n Alca im enms or r a nd bir , i cl g the pp re tly exti ct p g e t

' h and o x a wa s o t- o n s ecies a arentl a uk ﬁs &c. s , , , the , l y the h r h r ed p , pp y ” — - 6 w n a n de . r P. 7 . T o hi I a S Bos longzif ons . ch h ve i ce dded the rei er HE A 6 3 3 NOTES ON T ANCIENT C TT LE OF SCOTLAND .

T/n‘ ums ter L ittle — Mr o n B mn un in un 1 8 0 s n J h re er, j , J e 7 , pre e ted

' to us u m a o n- o 3 n es on a nd 4 in i um n at the M e h r c re, i ch l g % c rc fere ce the

a s o m s d O f S u O f Bos Ion r rons I t w as ound b e , fr the left i e the k ll the g f . f , a on a n an O f r ed d a a cut h o u a a and l g with tler eer p rti lly t r gh with h tchet, s o n a s m a s of a sa w in a B o at T ums L h wi g l o rk ; r ch hr ter ittle .

— E rr /ro use I n the Broch o f Ya rho use so me rema ins O f a ni mals were

s o d o s h And so n and w s n d him to the di c vere by M r J ep er , ere pre e te by

us um T s n ud a o on o f on a on w e o n M e . he e i cl e p rti the fr t l b e , ith the l ft h r

«m - n n o o f Bus I _ r 0 ns o o n a d m asu in 5 n s c re the g{f , the p i t br ke , e r g i che in circumference at the ba s e O f the ho rn ; and also a horn o f the re in 1 d r ee .

O R KN E Y .

l ‘ i l r i nm ll —l n m s nd n f th e B0 I r ons i f ct n a nd Ki . o o o 3 on I , y ec tice n ,

ow aw o f an o x d ﬁn d P o u ckett f a to . e O h ve referred the l er j , e e by r f Q

- ' - mz- n n un r L on on as Bus l o s o d G o P E s C o . d the g{ﬁ , bei g f by e rge etrie , q . ’ ” w a l in a P s H ous on lVidefor d H n a Mem . Kirk l , ict e ill , e r

9 I w s s n ed P to us um i n K r w a in 1 8 4 . t a i k ll, pre e t by M r etrie the M e

Ma 1 8 5 3 and is a o on O f o d of s d o f o w y , p rti the b y the right i e the l er

w F ou mo a s l ma n in t s o s . j a . r l r teeth ti l re i heir cket

‘ - — - l r T h u a O f s ull w Ma inla nd Ba o S ka ill S a a . e , y f , pper p rt k ith right horn- c ore O f a small o x was found among the anim al remains at the

a a The o n- o m asu d 7 n s in underground building a t Sk r . h r c re e re i che

n and 7 n s in i um n at its ase. It s m d all d a t le gth, i che c rc fere ce b ee e ie

A u m us 1 0 n s on was a s o s n d least to the Bos Zo ngzjfro ns . h er i che l g l pre e te

um to th e M use .

’ — Num ous s on and on m m n s No rﬁ z R o na ldsha Bur r za n. ( y, er t e b e i ple e t and the remains O f var ious anima ls fo und in the ruins of the Broch o f

Burrian N o R onaldsha w n s n d to the us um O f , rth y, ere rece tly pre e te M e

r l A mo n s ma ns ar e the Society by D r “ illiam Trai l . g the e re i there

' two O f an ox resembling the B0 3 Zo ngiri 'mzs one ha s part o f the frontal

n o n- o O f s m asu s 4 n s in n bo e, with the h r c re the right ide it e re i che le gth ,

1 ” in o and i . S v . m O f Re ndee t Pro ol . . 1 8 6 See O n R e ains c. i r c l , vi i p or TH E S O I ET J E 1 0 1 5 7 2. 6 34 PROCEEDINGS C Y, UN , a l umf r n at The o h r has a o n nd 7 i nches in circ e e ce the base . t e br ke

ho n- o 3 in s on and is 8 n hes in ir umf r n e at its base. r c re, che l g, é i c c c e e c n the num rous on s of a two ha an a on s w e found Am o g e b e c ttle p l ge l b e er , a a n of mall ox a u n one o f m two of pp re tly this same s , h ving c t o the the — “ s o called symbols of the Sculptur ed S to nes of Scotland ; the o ther had a pparently been spoiled in the execution of the pattern of another ﬁgure o r symbol . )

H E B RI DES .

— ‘ N r a a I sla nd o H a rr is . In ua m M Bain R f Febr ry 1 8 60 D r Ja es , , e d 1 paper before the Roya l Physical Society here O n Various O s teologica l ’ R emains found in a Pict s H ous e or Ancient Underground Building at

Nis ib ost in H arr s a a n T f E sur i n s i i , by C pt i homas o LM. vey g h p

mo n l the ood a . The remains in u d on s f do om sea W l rk cl de b e o the g, c , r ed deer a sma l- size s and o se a s o of sma l s z and of the , l d heep, h r , l l i e, l B03 lon rons or small s or - o n d ox a orn o m asu in 3 n h s n , h t h r e , h c re e r g L, i c e a on its ou ur a ur and 3 n s in umf n ound its as l g ter c v t e, % i che circ ere ce r b e

A . mas R or Mem S . S ot on s &c. Ca ain T o X . teeth, b e , pt h , , C . c , described the peculiar ancient structure in which thes e remains were fo und in an important memoir on the Primitive D wellings of the ” O u H s u is in P o in s of the o v ol. v ii . ter ebride , p bl hed the r ceed g S ciety, 1 8 67 , p.

THE A E n E ALL - N x G o G OLOGICAL RANGE or T HE SM SH O RT H OR O ,

Bos Lon rons m BRI T A N AND ES PE C LL Y S O LA D . gqf , I , IA IN C T N

In E ngland the remains of this o x has been found in alluvial beds and T ar d f uman x sten a o s . e pe t b g hey as sociate als o with ea rly traces o h e i ce , as w l as in to m ar s f n a tants as s d e l the bs or b row o the early i h bi , de cribe

D r ohn Thum am of i ts ire and es a re mains of by J , W l h ; peci lly with

R o man o u a a en ound in the cc p tion. In I reland these small ca ttle h ve be f

a moss s in num s an es and in ar ous o a i s and a so the pe t e erous in t c , v i l c l tie , l ’ as so ciated with the early tra ces of man s occupa tion in different dis tricts of the co untry.

P of s sor R ar O n - n n Br s Fossi a mma s r e ich d we , in his well k ow iti h l M l ,

1 P o . . v . ii c Ro . h S oc . E d n ol . r y P ys . i , 635 NOTES ON TH E ANCI E NT CATT LE O F SCOTLAND .

L on on 1 8 4 7 om which I a so O n uo s us a amon d , , fr h ve fte q ted , tell , th t g

' the various ma ns O f s animal B03 lon frons min him re i thi , the gi , exa ed by ,

som o m a o s o rs o m sub - u a ma s there were e fr the pe t b g , the fr the t rb ry rl of Ireland and therewere also other specimens which had been O btained

a on w ma ns of a ous t n ma mmal a su as the l g ith the re i v ri ex i ct i , ch

E le has and the R hi noceros o m d f n s —wa os ts of p , fr i fere t fre h ter dep i

E n an P o sso O n o on u d as I a a ad s a gl d . r fe r we theref re c cl de , h ve lre y t ted

in m rs a a o o a ag e of s s ma l s o t- o n d ox y ﬁ t p per, th t the ge l gic l thi l h r h r e a pparently extended from the times O f th e early inhabitants of the

oun a wa d s r ou ho s and ma s O f a uv um to c try, b ck r th gh the g rl the ll i , the

a s and s and s - a os s of N w Pi o n c ve , the drift , fre h w ter dep it the e er l ce e

Period. In an inte resting memoir O n the Prehi storic M ammalia of Grea t ” B W w ins M A &c u i sh d in T ans a n . S . Bo D a . . , rit i , by yd k , , , p bl e the r a ctions of the International C o ngress Of Prehisto ric A rchzeology a t ” No i L ondon 1 8 6 8 Mr D a k ns s a s a had a m n d rw ch , , , w i t te th t he ex i e carefully many of the lo calities where the fossil remains O f various animals had been found ; and he tells us that in the locali ties O f Clacton I and “ alton in E ss x om P o sso O n ot s n to him e , fr which r fe r we g e t the

ones of B08 lon /f rom as s o a w os of E le has and b the g , ci ted ith th e the p the

h n r s und d nta n n s an n ss mamma s R i oce o ; he fo the be s co i i g the e cie t fo il l ,

and o m ot and n w a u a ds wh on a n d the mains ver the her e er ll vi l be , ich c t i e re

Bo t s s s O f s w os d O f more n an ma s as the oa &c. rece t i l , g t, th he e et bed ere exp e

t ar and a of the sea and he h o ons d rs as so a o the we te r , t eref re c i e the ci

t n of on s of B0 8 lon fr ons and the o d oss m a mma i a io the b e the gi l er f il l ,

w due m to the a d n al ag r a on of m an s &c. as the eleph t , , erely cci e t g eg ti the

- O o d d ns an s O f as so a o n the shi ngle O f the sea s ho re . ther rec r e i t ce the ci

n f os l z o ns i O d oss ma mmals ma n s tio O the B ong ﬁ w th the l er f il y, he thi k , he explained by a similar a ccidenta l ag grega tion of the bones of animals

i ds r in o a s ff n o o a o . O s belonging really to very di ere t ge l g c l peri , ther c e , from the bones of the B0 3 longifrons being mistaken for those of the

in r f w n w s to a n asso ate i Bison m o O O e , hich he believe h ve bee ci d w th the

D awk ns omes us to the on us on O lder fossil extinct ma mmalia . M r i c th c cl i tha t this short- horned o x is not older geologically than what he terms ” o n ma s its a a an a o n w the Prehistoric Peri d , whe it ke ppe r ce l g ith the

T s od n s n s sa to s a a e o m goat and the dog. hi peri he thi k it ece ry ep r t fr F 6 36 PRO E E DINGS O T H E S O E T J 1 0 1 8 7 2 . C CI Y , UNE ,

Postr Glacial Per o and d nes as n al e n B s the i d, eﬁ the i terv b twee the riti h

Postr Glaeial P io and the da n O f is er d w h tory. The various instances of the exi stence of this sho rt hom ed ox in

S ot and w I a v n a to o add to its o o a c l , hich h e bee ble c llect, little ge l gic l

s o m no s a v o n n all a n rom s u hi t ry y te h e, h wever, bee pri cip y t ke f the re lts of a a o o al n u s and s w th a on of i s small o x to rch e l gic i q irie , they ho e rel ti th man a i an ts n a s o in un . In so far as m , r ther th ge er l hi t ry the co try y no s na me to o I ﬁnd i s s ma - s z d ox as soc a a ar n te e ble g , th ll i e i ted pp e tly w our ar a s of men ro a as a om s a e d an ma as s o n ith e ly r ce , p b bly d e tic t i l, h w by its remains in his ki tchen middens and the ruins of hi s ancient dwell ’ “ ” n s his un ound d P H us s n s c an s o a d his B o & . as i g , dergr ict e , r ch , , well as with the tra ces of the R o man occupation of the south of Sco t

and . O an se it ma I ﬁnd its mains as far as I a l lder th the , y be, re , h ve

n a to s o in a s a o s a us rin fo ma bee ble di c ver, the c ve , the pe t b g , the l c t e r

ons and dr ts and a ls ou ou the oun F om the ti the river if gr ve thr gh t c try. r

n a s n o of ema ns f the a t n ma mma a as e tire b e ce, h wever, the r i o l rger ex i ct li , the an nd ino os c om a t o ur dr fts and a & . as eleph t the rh cer , , fr le t river i

' lavels is not eas to on as e o f our o s - eds w t g , it y c tr t the ag Sc tti h gravel b i h

os of E n n The ma ns Of an as is o d th e gla d . very few re i the eleph t yet d c vere in S o and a n f und a n in u d n c tl h ve bee o pparently o ly the bo l er clay, i ter calated w it or un nea A t im s an ma s i d in ith der th it. the t e the e i l l ve

E n and S o an is d som o o ists to a een gl , c tl d believe , by e ge l g , h ve b either in a ea m as u s u m r ed o d w th wa or to a had its gr t e re b e g , c vere i ter, h ve

n s d a d an n of and la d eeply overl i with extens ive coveri g snow ice .

St an to sa a ho n of a ino e os was ound in O ne of ma - s r ge y, r rh c r f the rl pit ” l a t Lo h O f F orfar . F om n s a a to s O d is o the c r the i tere t tt ched thi d c very, w has a a n n had n to m o an d ser d I hich pp re tly ever give it the i p rt ce it e ve ,

It w as hi e d P o so am n may be exc used a slight digressio n. ex bit by r fes r J eso

W n an n 25 th anua 1 8 23 and was re sen d to to the er eri So ciety o the J ry , p te “ u T n f a R ino er the s um O f n s . he ona o o os o n o un M e the U iver ity d ti h c h r , f d ” “ L o f Fo fa e ns is n u d in M a u i n O S S. C a o the ch r r, by M r t phe , i cl de the t l g e

O f D ona ons to us um in 1 8 22—23 The n dona on is ti the C ollege M e . ext ti ” a O f an Ana s d i ula a so S n and w e ﬁnd a subse th t ﬁ g , l by M r tephe s, by

u n ona on of ano n s v o as q e t d ti ther Scottish bird the A a ta dm w, rec rded “ being made by M r Stephens of D undee ; that the re sidence of the

ono O f no os o n was at D und ar es and mos im d r the rhi cer h r ee, the l g t t

ON T H E ANC E NT A TTLE O F NOTES I C SCOTLAND . 6 3 7

o an o wn O f f Fo - o un O a . In M p rt t t the c ty rf r the S . M inute book of the “T er nerian S o for 25 th a nua 1 8 23 i ciety J ry , it s recorded of Professor Jameso n H e n x o n O f a no s u in n f the e hibited the h r rhi cero , fo nd o e O

ma - ts O f L o o f F o a and s a the rl pi the ch rf r, t ted reasons for believing it to a h ve belonged to one of the Rhino ceri which formerly inhabited this ” s and . P n F m n o sso o D . D . s to i l r fe r J h le i g, , refer this same horn in his R m i us a f e arks ll tr tive o the I nﬂuence O f S o ciety on the D istribution of ” " B s An ma s u s in E n u P l oso a ou na riti h i l , p bli hed the di b rgh hi phic l J r l, —“ v ol. 1 8 2 4 and s a s a A xi, , t te th t specimen of the horn of the fossil rhino

os o u n in one of ma — s at L o f F orfar , o W n. M m cer f d the rl pit the ch ( er e . v l o . . . 58 2 s s at s n in E din u u m iv p ) exi t pre e t the b rgh M seu , and we ha ve been informed by Pro fesso r Jameson that two o ther examples have o u e d in B a - D umm0 nd oss on an s of F It is t cc rr l ir r M the b k the orth . o

o a s u s l o u — P n . I an o be h ped th t the k ll wi l yet be pr c red ( . c t l ﬁnd a nything to Sh o w that Pro fessor Jamesou ever personally examined these la st supposed horns of the rhinocero s found in Blair - D rummond

oss and a s s a o ns of a w o un d som O f w I M , ever l h r c ttle ere f , e hich

a to and d s in m N o s is s m h ve referred e cribed y te , it perhap not i possible — thes e ma cera ted and partially spli t ho rny shea ths the horns O f the ox

—ma a n m a n s y h ve bee ist ke by the de criber for th os e of the rhinoceros.

I anno o in sam o on can us ma to c t, h wever, th k the e bjecti be j tly de the

o n s o a u am n d a nd s d w w as ound a t L o h r , c ref lly ex i e pre erve , hich f the ch

f F a The on o ns an s of the d s o of o ns O f an o o rf r. ly ther i t ce i c very the h r extinct rhino ceros known to me are the two referred to by Professor O wen ” a m o un oz n a as s in British F ossil M m als, p . f d with their fr e c rc e — “ ’ Siberia one mentioned by Pallas in his Voyages dans L A sie S epten t rionale l 7 9 3— o now s v d in us um of Na u al , the ther pre er e the M e t r

T h a t o a s or nasal o n of H is to ry a t M osco w . e l ter, pr b bly the ﬁr t h r the

’ ’ m sma s z o f techo r znus of Cu m asu s 3 in n . F o B. vier, e re feet le gth r the ll i e

m n ma su os to a n oss s ond the Sco ttish speci e , it y be pp ed h ve bee p ibly the ec

' '

t h r znus C uv . n os R , zc o o r s m aller ho rn of a young woolly rhi ocer , , , if it I a did no t belong to a sm aller and more s lender species altogether. h ve been trying to tra ce o ut this specimen (a note of which I m ay at some other

o S o and a m n n d to i a s i x s s time lay bef re the ciety), i cli e bel eve th t it t ll e i t i n the us um of S n as a small p ointed and m uch w ea thered horn M e cie ce

1 - h Fe . l . . 5 3 5t b W So c. vo . 7 ei n. See Me m. v p ( 6 38 E E D O F T HE S O E T E 1 0 1 8 7 2 . PROC INGS CI Y , JUN , and Ar t I t m as u s a ou 7 n s in a n n . e re b t i che height lo g the fro t slope of

o n and a o u 5 n s in on s i a m O f its o a as the h r , b t } i che the l ge t d eter v l b e . Then when you try to understand the arrangement of o ther river d ts and ra s as for am a at Am ns rif g vel , , ex ple, the celebr ted beds ie ,

&c. in F an ou ﬁnd one set of o o s s ma in m all out , r ce, y ge l gi t pp g the , into gra vel of the recent period with remains of recent anim als and ” its SO - c a l d n o i i w a ons o w oam f m a e l e e l th c e p , c vered ith l o the sa e g 5

n ow l a - a the ma s f m mm i the l er leve v lley gr vel, with re in o extinct a ali a, ts

a a o i hi a ons and its o n oam n e al p l e l t c we p , c veri g l ; ext, high r level v ley

a on n s s m a t o as and als o its oa m of gr vel, with c te t i il r the l t, with l the sam a e and as u and a of a ous k nds a nd r o s T s e g 3 l tly, pl gr vel, v ri i pe i d . he e diff n a s w r n and n mammal a an ere t river gr vel , ith thei rece t exti ct i d their n o hi and a a o in E n n a ons are a so oun a . An o e lit c p l e lithic we p , l f d gl d ther and a o s r v o o s o to ma a a ul a ina on of l ter b e er, h wever, g e ver ke c ref ex m ti s sam r in F an a s I to A . T E s . o the e e iver gr vel r ce refer yl r, q,

F who h u i s G . S . as . a ar ul an m m r n , p bl hed c ef d elaborate e oi O the ” A m ns Gra in ourna f the f n n l O G o o a So o Lo o v o . ie vel the J l e l gic l ciety d ,

1 8 6 8 and on f xxiv. e o the conclusions he has arrived at is That the

o Of the Ami ns a l a l is of one orma on of simila m n a wh le e v l ey gr ve f ti , r i er l

ara on a ns n a simi a o ani ma ns and on s to a a e ch cter, c t i e rly l r rg c re i , bel g d t ” not mu an n to is i o a I a o ch tecede t the h tor cal period . S th t fe r the wh le subject of the age and arrangement of thes e river grav els would seem s till to an o n and und u s on an d I am no m ans astonis d be pe ecided q e ti , by e he at this c onclus ion when I remember the as tounding changes caused by a da s a n ﬂo o n H and al s of S F n orn few y r i , di g the ighl v ley the pey, the i dh , and o n ou n s ams so a i all s Sir T o mas ther eighb ri g tre , gr ph c y de cribed by h

D L aud Ba in his A oun of G a F oo s O f A u us 1 829 ick er, rt. cc t the re t l d g t , ” in P o in of o a and ad o n n d st s E din ur 1 830 the r v ce M r y, j i i g i rict , b gh

n u s ed . As how new editions of whi ch have been quite rece tly p bli h yet,

r I a no t n a to ol an da a a a to S o eve , h ve bee ble c lect y t which ppe r h w the pres ence of this small - sized ox in any of the ear lier geologic fo rmations of

o an Sc tl d . The Roman o ccupation of Britain began in the ﬁrs t centur y O f the

C s ian era and was in nni n of ha a Roman hri t , it the begi g the ﬁfth t t

on as vis S o lan a m n to s or sword i legi l t ited c t d , tte pti g re t e with the the r

om n on o sou f nd It is to a l a s of Roman d i i ver the th o Scotla . the e r ier ye r 639 NOTES ON THE ANCIE NT CATTLE OF SCOTLAND . rule that I have been inclined to date the principal occupation of their

r Newstead in R hsh r at as of station of Trimontium, nea oxburg i e, the b e

1 T n as to a e of r ula s on to s or the triple E ildon. he the g the ci c r t e wer

o an w all h i num rous ru on and brochs O f the north O f Sc tl d , ith t e r e de b e

Mr os And son ha s and I h n n m men c. s o n sto e i ple ts, & , J eph er h w , t i k with

a l a r s n ma a rom a ou f or great prob bi ity, th t thei exi te ce y be d ted f b t the ﬁ th ? sixth down even to the eighth or ninth centuries The presence O f the

ma ns of s sma l s o - orn ox in man of s s r f to in re i thi l h rt h ed y the ite e erred ,

un r us n s t different parts of the co t y, th bri g i s exi stence apparently quite

n to is or m s w n om s os at as amon a n dow h t ic ti e , he it bec e l t l t g the v ryi g

n f na om s groups a d breeds o our ordi ry d e tic c attle.

Youatt rom ose alua o n a I a alre M r , f wh v ble w rk O C ttle h ve ady

u s us The s es o s a on il on in us ha q oted, tell , light t b erv ti w l c v ce t t the

of D ons r Suss a s and S o an are all ss n ia cattle ev hi e, ex, W le , c tl d e e t lly the ” The ri a in s a o us o a s was a a n a same. o gin l type the e v ri l c litie pp re tly sma a v som a s or - o n an ma ff r n in ll, cti e, ewh t h t h r ed i l, very di e e t deed from

ﬁne soft skinned a u n of a now kno wn the , , c ref lly bred ki d c ttle, by ” s na on of a s o - o n but o a a ra r s ma - s z the de ig ti h rt h r , pr b bly the ll i ed,

ou s a - a ar an ma s l s n ma in so m r gh, h ggy h ired , h dy i l , ti l repre e ted, it y be, e of s a a rs its o a s n an s s an the e ch r cte by pr b ble de ce d t , the Wel h d H igh

a n and ro a a so O n and S an a as l d, p b bly l the rk ey hetl d c ttle ; well as the an n h a s d at H am on Pa a or Ca zo Pa cie t w ite c ttle pre erve ilt l ce d w rk, m as T and in ar of C il n a C . s or na o the p k h li gh tle hi igi l type, h wever,

n n mu an d and a a ar u s l n a has bee si ce ch ch ge , d pted by c ef l e ectio nd breed in to as and an s anda of n of a ar u a g, the t te f cied t rd excelle ce e ch p tic l r dis n triet of the cou try.

m in to our asu D a D ou as E s I a . F . S . A . S o debted tre rer, vid gl , q , c t. , ’ for the accompanying sketch Of our improved kyloe or H ighland cattle

al ar ur a R S A It is a n by the t ented tist, Go l y Steele, . . . t ke from the very “ s and amus n S c s O f H an ara r on pirited i g ket he ighl d Ch cte , e of the series

1 Rox u P o at News ea d hshi e. . Soc. Roman An i ui ies ound An . S , o . t q t f t b rg r r c tiq c t ,

28 1 855 and Archaeolo ia S o a vol. iv . . vol. i. p . , g c tic , p 9 arhou e &c. w th re a on No i e of the Bro h of Y s , , m s the Pe iod of the Bro hs t c c i rk r c ,

1 871 and A haeo . S o . vol. . Pro . vol. . . 292 &c. , c , ix p , rc l c t , v 6 4 0 F T PRO E E D NGS O H E S Y 1 0 1 87 2 . C I OCIET , JUNE ,

of O dds a nd E nds a ssu ss s E mons on a nd D ou as , l tely i ed by M e r d t gl , u i s s E di n u h p bl her , b rg

‘ IuJA MS O N 5

D i STmBUTIO N O R R NGE O F TH E S AL L SH O RT - H O RNE D O x Bos A M ,

i n I N BR TA N A ND E P LLY N ND L o n r o s S E I SCO TLA . gf , I I , CIA

Pro fessor Nilsson tells us of the B0 3 Zongifrons that

T e ema ns a e n ound in u o s and in the s ou of S a n a it h ir r i h ve b e f t rf b g , th c i

m ora neo us wi he - de r nd r i mi ia s on t R ein e a B05 en . W us lived c te p ly th p g ith , and as fa r as we now o all E u o e w as w d m na d o k , ver r pe, th y ere, il , exter i te bef re — ” the s o called H istoric period .

In l s of an ma e ma ns om The S ss La D w in s the i t the i l r i fr wi ke ell g , ’ w i ll r ns . i n n D r Kc e s o a a . E Lee P o ss o R u g ve rk, tr l ted by M r J , r fe r ti THE A N NOTES O N NCIE T CATTLE OF SCOTLAND . 64 1 m r s a s a his smal ox to w r rs un r its s non m eye t te th t t l , hich he efe de y y e of B s br a ch r o urs at Robenhausen one o yce os, cc , of the earlier sites with its

on and s n m m nts and nd d H b e to e i ple e ; i ee everywhere. e refers also to

Bos r ontosus Nilsson P o sso O w n ons s as I a the f , (which r fe r e c ider , h ve m n on to m r a ar O f sa m s s as O u r n at e ti ed , be e ely v iety the e pecie ), cc r i g Bieune P o ssor Rutime er o r a so a s to his s two or . r fe y , h weve , l dd li t three a na n s or ra a s m s f dditio l amed specie , ther, perh p , do e ticated varieties o the

BOS { a m- as Bos ta urus tr oclzocer os and Bos ta ur us do mcsficus as , the , ;

' w as Bos ta ur us r imi em us him t a - s z ell the p g , referred by o the l rge i ed w a s s ca ttle hich I shall after w rd de cribe .

I n E n an and I r an o ss ous ma ns of s ma - s z d o x gl d el d the e re i the ll i e , the

in man Bos Ion rons a e n oun ac s o r oun . gif , h v bee f d y pl e ve the c try

I n o an as I a a m e to s o s sma - s ze s o - o n d Sc tl d, h ve tte pt d h w, thi ll i d h rt h r e o x at a co mparatively early perio d exis ted over the whole length and

a d f n o m south to the f oun r bre th o the la d, fr the extreme north o the c t y, a nd n to O n I s an s ond as l as a ar n to eve the rk ey l d bey , wel pp e tly the f H ebrides on the western coasts o Sc otland .

EAT FO SSIL LO NG- H O RNE D X THE URUS II . TH E GR O , , W N B S US BO J US A ND O E . O , AN

in i n Of sma l shor t horned ox I s a rs uo As the descript o the l , h ll ﬁ t q te m o m a s r n s u s of a oss ox in y f r er p per, de c ibi g the k ll the gre t f il the and s a su m n it a it ona am s M us eum of the Society, h ll pple e t with dd i l ex ple found in different parts of Sco tland ; addi ng also some remarks on their

Geological age and Distribution over the country .

NOTES O N TH E CRANIA O F TH E U nus I N TH E M US E UM

N B A E xAND E R O F T H E SOCIE TY O F A TIQUAE IE S O F SCOTL AND . y JOHN L ‘ S TH M. D . MI ,

a o n at in u a ous a in r e r n t th So me years g , whe g her g p v ri det ils ef e ce o e

n s ma s ort - orn a t of s oun m a n on was ancie t ll h h ed c t le thi c try, y tte ti

1 a d be o e the Ro al Ph sica So iet 27th A i 1 859 and ub ished in he Re f r y y l c y, pr l , p l t ir

ed n s vol. ii . . Pro ce i g , p 64 2 PRO E ED I NGS O F THE S O E T JU 1 0 1 87 2 . C CI Y, NE , also r d to a a Bus r im and to s m ns di ecte the l rg e c ttle ( p the peci e u I oo a o us of crani a in the M use m of the Society Of Antiquaries . t k v ri

m n s of s rani a and o ds of measur e e t the e c , searched the early rec r the Society for such information in regard to the places where they were o un and an o d a s a m o f n s and as Mr f d, y ther et il th t ight be i tere t ; T urner has favoured us this session with some details of the s pecimens of

h s a ox in A na o m a us um of Un s I a t i gre t the t ic l M e the iver ity, h ve thought it might interest the members if I produced my Old notes on the s ubject .

’ ‘ There are thr ee specimens of these crani a of the Bos p r imegem us in the “ M us eum O f the Society ; they are included in the li st of the Foss il ” in n d a al o u of us um and o o in ul s &c, Sk l , , the pri te c t g e the M e ; the f ll w g table gives so me of their meas urements

Ft In . . Fr, In,

Length O f skull fr om supra - occipit-al ridge to front Of intenuaxillary nes bo , to u a O f nasa L engt h fr om dO. pper p rt l on s b e ,

- i a Length fr om middl e of s upra occip t l u a O f o ridge to pper p rt rbit , h Of o b L engt r it, o Bre adth o f d . . Breadth of skull between roots of horn , co es r , m ddl of O s Breadth a cross i e rbit , — ircruuference O f at ase H orn cores c b , n t o ow n ou curva ur L e g h, f ll i g ter t e,

- o s om to span O f horn c re fr tip tip,

w d of hO In - o s across grea test i th c re ,

s for . Length of alveolar socket teeth, s o c ta ond s Brea dth acros c ipi l c yle ,

1 wa s one s s n d to us um Of the The craniu m NO . the ﬁr t pre e te the M e

mas R o son m n s of S r in 1 78 1 . R ev . T o , S ociety, by the h bert , i i ter elki k Ca n oss and o o n e The donation was made through a M r ir cr , the f ll wi g lett r f So acco mpanying it is preserved in the library o the ciety

64 1 N C D OF T HE SO IE T NE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . PRO EE I GS C Y, JU ,

The S cr a ames Cumm n i a 25 th ul e et ry, M r J i g, n a letter d ted J y, inf Mr Ro n orms the Rev . bertso tha t the skull w as presente d to the “ So and in o n on of s om a na uralis s amon us is ciety, the pi i e ble t t g , it be li eved to belong to that species of animal des cribed by Julius C aesar ’ in his ta mm n s . 5 Co . 0 . f e rie , lib vi , by the name o Urus .

Th 2 a e cranium No . is toler bly entire (wanting only the nasa l bones and in rma a s m as u s now in a n h m middl the te xill rie it e re tot l le gt , fro the e o f occi tal r to r m o f su o max a s in ron 23 p idge the ext e ity the peri r ill rie f t, § n es and th e mo a r f ed i s a e i ch , l r teeth e err to n the de cription seem to h v

ll o h rs h w is d o out . L a t e o a an n I t w as r pt ) ike the t e , l wer j w ti g. ound in a mess in oun of Ga o a and w as s nted to th e f the c ty ll w y, pre e ‘ us um of S o t R ev D a M R ob ert in a 1 78 2 M e the cie y by the . vid , the ye r , and is r r to in nu - oo 205 u 1 2 1 782 as follows efer ed the M i te b k, p . , J ly , ,

‘ T s n e a R b l f r was e rom R v. D M o ert s on o he e pre e t d, f the vid , the ke et the head and ﬂints o f the horns o f a large animal d ug out of a moss in

oun of a lo wa s mi ar in s s to one d s in ag 72 the c ty G l y, i l pecie the e cribed p e ,

l a of m dim n w o n of the a r u t. and n sa s ons a r . t p g , e rly the e e i the h le le g h front measuring 2 fee t 2 inches ; t wo of the dentes mo la res remaining in

u aw ac av n one dee u o in m dd and m asur n the pper j , e h h i g p f rr w the i le, e i g ” n n u fa 1 n one wa and 5 of an in o o the u der s r ce } i ch the y, 5 ch the ther.

to s s u s ms to a n r s r as unfo r NO letter relating thi k ll ee h ve bee p e e ved, ,

in er - o r od unatel a a o u s o s at is . t y, g p cc r the lett b k th pe i

Fro m r a s on a rn no n of as s e m n r s n the same e we le thi g the l t p ci e p e e ted,

n a s ull n on s on in an o . 3 a asal N (which is e rly perfect k , the b e ly be g w t

- in a is sta te in i nut oo u 9 1 78 2 . 2 20 g), except wh t d the M e b k, J ly , , p

" T r wa e s n f m T omas o of H a sburn E s . he e s pr e ted ro h Sc tt p , q , the skeleton of the hea d and ﬂints of the horns of a large animal s imila r

i s to one d s i n a 72 ar ult. and in a 205 in spec e the e cr bed i p ge , p . , p ge ,

4 an a of ns ons but mor n r han h ara r . d n sam im p g , e rly the e d e i , e e ti e t eit er ; of as ur in 2 4 n ur of th e the whole length the front me g feet i ches, fo

e ntes lar es ma n n in s d of u aw of sam s ze d mo re i i g each i e the pper j , the e i and shape with thos e in the hea d described in page 643 NO TE S ON T HE ANCIENT CATTLE OF SCOTLAND .

I awar s are a s ns a n s on or O f s As far as am e, the e the e rlie t i t ce rec d thi l r e iz d ox in o s r in S o an and is n s n to ﬁnd a g s e be g b e ved c tl d, it i tere ti g the c onclusions come to in regard to them by the naturalis ts of this generation forestalled by a small b ody of quiet students of the An tiquities and

an m n in E n u so a as 1 8 1 Natural H istory of Scotl d , eeti g di b rgh e rly 7 ;

s ar a as n sam as U s e s an c identifying the e l ge c ttle bei g the e the , the gig ti

as u in on on n n of E u o b u us aes a ox des cribed occ rr g the c ti e t r pe, y J li C r, " in his D e Bello Gallico . I need scarcely refer to the mistake ma de by the minis ter o f Sel

a om an n s ona ion a r kirk ia his letter cc p yi g the ﬁr t d t , th t they we e the “ ls u The n remains of ca ttle Of wha t he cal the last cent ry. ge eral opinion has been that they were extirpated in Britain before the invasio n

f R mans as s o ans are a o r s en on su of o the o , hi t ri lt gethe il t the bject

h d o a ar n a ound s n . T a at as n their exi te ce hey , h wever, pp e tly b ed, le t i

S o an roba at a som a m or ar od s ms to c tl d, p bly ewh t e e ly peri , which ee be ’ ano a of Mr R o son s r w shown by ther p rt bert lette , here he refers to various small bras s axes being found along with the numerous crania of

a . Un or una ons r s ax s these large c ttle f t tely, he c ide ed the e e as of very

n u n om som su os s m ar to oo s of little co seq e ce, fr e pp ed i il ity the t l copper

s ou a or o sm s ou a had to do in s mith , th gh wh t w k c pper ith c ld h ve the wilds

s so a s to a t a s n a ou in su num s of Selkirk hire, h ve lef their xe lyi g b t ch ber ,

an H e a a n m s oo it is not very ea sy to underst d . pp re tly i t k the na tur e of

a ons in all i oo o d na onz these we p , which were l kelih d the r i ry br e axe

ts now so no n as a n n w a ons heads or cel , well k w h vi g bee the e p and tools

a s who n a B s Is s and w of the early r ce i h bited the riti h le , hich have been

I ar u s m found over the whole country. ( exhibit v io s peci ens of these

nz s a s a s and so t d ts I ou not bro e celt , p l t ve , cke e cel , which , d bt , correspond ’ sm s ax s of r The a to the copper ith e the letter eferred to. ccompanying

a u o s a woodcut sho ws v rio s types f the e xes . )

' ' I t has n s a e a on s of the Bos r inu emus a bee t t d, th t b e p g h ve been found indented with the primitive stone j avelin of the aborigines of the north of E urope ; here we apparently have them in close rela tion to the bronze

a ns of a oss s ll a a e s o n s we po p ibly ti l ter g , h wi g that the e animals roamed

in ur or s s and mars s and un a o f e t he , were h ted by the inh bitan ts of thes e

ar m s in at as our no n n om of S o an e ly ti e le t rther ki gd c tl d. Profess or n sa s Fro m r r n ara er of O we y , the ve y ece t ch ct the osseous substances in 64 6 PRO E E DINGS O F THE SO E T 1 0 1 8 7 2 . C CI Y, JUNE ,

' ma ns o f s a ma n ud d a B0 3 r im'i enzus the re i the e c ttle, it y be co cl e th t the p g ” n And maintained its ground longest in Scotland befo re its ﬁnal extinctio .

’ ’ Professor Nilsson of Lund beli eves tha t the Bos m mzgenius wa s found in a wi ld or half- wild sta te in the forests of centra l E urope down even to “ nn n or m d of s u ee a s on The the begi i g id le the ixteenth cent ry . (S p per " E n and E s n A n ma s of S an na a in A nna s and a az n xti ct xi ti g i l c di vi , l M g i e ” o f Na u a H s o t r l i t ry,

Va o us T es of B onz A xe - ri yp r e heads .

I have a dded to this paper some notes and measurements of the Urus ’ fr om Professor Nilsson s communic ation O n the E xtinct and E xis ting ” 1 Bo n A n m als O f S and na a a ad d vi e i c i vi , lre y referre to . Pro fessor Nilsson designates this lar ge ox

’ Bos u r ns Anti uorum Bos r imi en-zus Recentior um , q , p g , .

The o ad ﬂat the d of the n s a the o ns ar and f rehe , e ge eck tr ight, h r very l g e on n a the oo s d e ed ou wa d and som w a a wa d l g, e r r t ir ct t r e h t b ck r ; in the middle are n o wa d and owa ds the o nts u n d a u w they be t f r r , t r p i t r e little p ard .

1 l. v . Anna s an Ma Na t . H is t v o i Lon on 1 d . d 8 49 . 2 6 . l g , , , p 5 NO TE S ON THE AN E NT ATTL E O F S O TL AND CI C C . 6 4 7 — In a foo t note it is added

P is su a d r on av o ns of our a m ox n u t on a rec ely ch i ecti h e the h r t e e , q i e c tr ry t o the ass ion of Bo anus and man o s who in un e di on of ert j y ther , , the lik recti the ” orns oos to ﬁnd a s ﬁ diff n w n the Urus nd T h ch e peci c ere ce bet ee a a ur us . — D es r i ti o n. T s o ossa s s o f ox to ud rom s on c p hi c l l pecie , j ge f the kelet , re sembles almost the tame ox in form and the proportions o f its body ; but in its

- u is far a . T o ud om ma n ud of its o n o s had b lk it l rger j ge fr the g it e h r c re , it mu a o ns n a r an on - ho n d d of ch l rger h r , eve l rge th the l g r e bree cattle found in the C a m an f Rom A o d n to all he a o . t a ou n s o our f p i e cc r i g cc t , the c l o this ox was a ha d wh o ns w on a o n s the d was d w bl ck ; it ite h r , ith l g bl ck p i t hi e covere ith

a i a m ox but was sho and smoo w the x h ir, l ke the t e , it rter th, ith e ception of the ” o ad w was on and u f rehe , here it l g c rly.

’ Professor Nilsson quotes C aesar s reference to the long- ho rned Ur us or Buba lus P n s us w s non mous and d , which li y tell ere y y , istinguishes it

om B son o n a on a n or und fr the i with l g h ir the b ck, eck, er the chin

H s Nat i B o f s a n mals sa s “ w . . . o a d to Rom ( i t vii th the e i , he y , ere c rrie e ,

N ls n a nd viewed by the peo ple in the circus . i so also c onsiders that

’ rns n in ur 4 1 a n n a n of the Bos u o t oo . 6 of e gr vi g , give the f h b k, p , Grifﬁth s “ ” ’ a dmirable A nimal Kingdom (an E nglis h elabora tion of C uvier s

R n o d om a n old a n n oun at Au s u su eg e c pie fr p i ti g f d g b rg, p os d to ha n u in nn n of s n n u p e ve bee exec ted the begi i g the ixtee th ce t ry, a nd m a d T hur in o s is a a s n a on f rke g ld letter , re lly repre e t ti o this Bos

F om s o a a s a of his s rimi enias on. p g . r thi he pr b bly t ke p rt de cripti ’ I have quoted Pro fessor O wen s concise description of the skull in the

d at A o P s su n no of u us oun . bseque t te the r f th le, erth hire Several skeleto ns and va ri ous skulls are pres erved in the Mus eum o f

Un s of Lund and P o sso Nilsson s d a ls of s z s the iver ity , r fe r give et i the i e o f th ff n n s w ma us u for n w e di ere t bo e , hich y be ef l refere ce ith thos e

un The m os s on om w found in o ur o wn co try . t perfect kelet fr hich these m a m s are a n was in s a oun s m n and a e sur e ent t ke , he th k , y g peci e , l rger

L a r er s m ns a deta ched bones and skulls have been found . g peci e h ve also

Th u us sa s has i n a s of s n ot in B a n. e and bee g rit i r , he y , th rtee p ir rib six um a ae in s wa a in am ox and d ff l b r vertebr , thi y gree g with the t e , i er in om son Bison r isons O n Bos Bison L nn has g fr the bi ( p , we ), ( , i ), which

our n a s o f s and not m o an um a ae . The f tee p ir rib , re th ﬁve l b r vertebr

n- a s in s s son a nd r ed w rei deer gree thi re p ect with the bi , the deer ith 2 VO L Ix. PART . r . II 6 4 8 E E D or T H E SO E T U NE 1 87 2 . PROC INGS CI Y, J

ur The aur o s or ison is s s d a i E m ero the us. ch ( b ) till pre erve l ve by the p r of R uss a in the o s of Bialoweska Li uan a now a of R uss a n i , f re t , th i , p rt the i do minions .

’ Gener a l D inm m o ns of U r u

The whole length of the skeleton from the na pe to the end of the r ump

on s ossa isoMi 9 ee . b e ( ) , f t Length of the head fro m the o ccipita l ridge to the anterior border of the i

n e ma i la on s 2 e 4 in s 4 ines . i t r x l ry b e , f et che l

The whole length of the animal is thus a bout 1 1 feet 6 inches to 1 2 feet . m a ou The height over the ane b t 6 feet to 6 inches .

' D inwns i ons of Skull.

Lines.

The length from the horn- cores to the anterior edge of ma xi a on s ll ry b e , ’ The n h om o i s o w d to d o le gt fr the rb t l er e ge itt ,

ho n- as to o ts r b e rbi ,

Th n t of o n- ores n a s d e le g h h r c , co c ve i e,

o n- o s on ex s de h r c re , c v i Und aw rom the an to the oint er j , f gle p , Th m a s s in the u aw e ol r erie pper j , Breadth of the forehead between the upper pa rt of the cro wn

of the o n h r , B tw n the ow a ts of di to readth be ee l er p r t , ’ s u a t the orbit pper p r , ’ the o i s ow art rb t l er p ,

ar on s u a s . the inter maxill y b e , pper p rt

the a t u s of the ear in a ne per re li ,

nts of the o n- ores Distance between the poi h r c , The circumference of the crown of the horn

Of Body.

h n of s nal o umn to the as t do sa te ra T e le gth the pi c l l r l ver b , h in a in t o the u tuber is di i i furt er right l e pper , of the neck from atlas to and with the last neck

ra verteb , f n of the m dd e bs w o the a t a e Grea test length o o e i l ri ith ut c r il g ,

Bread of d o th itt , s or es x r a n ANC ENT A TT E r S TL AND 64 9 o I C L o CO .

‘ E r t s‘ Of d t emi ic .

The n of s ou d - ade le gth h l er bl , B ad of it re th s base,

The n t of 03 um w n a u a ons le g h h eri bet ee the rtic l ti , ad us r i , u na o ranon l , with lec , o anon om a u a on lecr fr the rtic l ti ,

metacarpus between the ar ticulatio ns, w n tub li d v s . an sc pel i bet ee the i i i hii,

Th - e readth in a n w n both tub . b li e bet ee ilii,

The n of os mo s e w en the a ti u a ons le gth the fe ri b t e r c l ti , a tibi , m a a sus et t r ,

For om a ison w a o f s u s of s or - orn c p r ith the pl te the k ll the h t h ed ox, I thought it would be interesting to give ﬁgures also of this large long fo una w orn ox Ur us . Un o non f h ed , the rt tely, h ever, e o the skulls in the

Mus um of S o w suf n for i s u os e the ciety ere ﬁcie tly perfect th p rp e, and by

n D . the rmi ss on of Pro sso D u s D . I a a n pe i fe r , , h ve t ke a sketch of the n ar r s u of s a a o f Bos ta ur us as a P e ly pe fect k ll thi l rge v riety , the l te rofessor “ D in his H ” o n F m n D . . s s o J h le i g , , de cribed it i t ry of British An ma s i l ,

E n u 1 8 28 8vo. T s s ull is now s in di b rgh, , hi k pre erved the M useum of the

N ew Co was form d in Fi s and an llege here ; it fe hire, account of it is given

in su s u n No s . I a on of s l the b eq e t te give fr t view the ku l (taken from a o and o o ns a a a s a r low b ve, theref re the h r ppe r perh p r the ). In the s ul s of u us I a am n m k l the r h ve ex i ed , the extre ities of the horns are turned for wards and ra ther upwards ; few have them turned so much outwards as r epresented by Profes sor O wen in his figur e of the large s u ro m A o ] o a d ue to its a a e and s z k ll f th l ; pr b bly gre ter g i e . A side s a Also u f vie w drawn to the same c le. fig res o the second and third ma i ar mo ar the two as mo ars of s f x ll y l teeth, l t l the left ide o the upper aw The are fi u of na u a s z and s o j . teeth g red the t r l i e, h w at once their

r a s z as om ar os o f s ma s or - ho n g e t i e, c p ed with th e the ll h t r ed ox (pre r and os nd almos viously ﬁgu ed), the cl e, i eed t perfect correspondence of l o m w os r s ru u . i of our ordin r thei t ct re ke the f r er, ith th e a y domestic cattle . 6 5 0 r nocnnmnc s or THE S O E T Y UNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . CI , J ,

“ C aes a in hi s C o mm n a s s a s a in H ni an r, e t rie , t te th t the ercy fo rest, w n o d a a a of E u o d an ani m a w i hich the c vere gre t p rt r pe, there live l h ch — w ou dou w as R n d ano a anima al d a n E lk ith t bt the ei eer, ther gre t l c le , and a d. nd us A s thir ki the Ur . this is the earliest description of this

s mi enius ound in Fifeshir e n h Skull of Bo mi g f i c es in length).

a o x a ou it has n al a to s l om n s gre t , lth gh bee re dy referred , til , fr the i tere t a a to I u o o assa tt ched it, q te here the wh le p ge —“ Li ca . lan ur m l . b . . T um est nus o u ui a e t . vi p xxvii erti ge c r q Vri pp I i s un ma n ud n au lo nf a ele hantos s et o o et u e au . t g it i e p l i r p , pecie c l re ﬁg r t ri

a na vis est co ni n e t ma na v elocitas n u b om n n u e M g r , g ; eq e i i , eq e fer e,

in ar H c uam cons exer t cunt hos s ud os fov eis ca tos interﬁciunt. o q p , p ; t i e p se a o du an a o s n s a u hoc n vena tionis n ui l b re r t d le ce te , tq e ge ere exerce t ct q

6 5 1 NoTE s O N T H E ANCI E NT CATTLE O F SCOTLAND .

fecerunt r elatis in u u m cornibus ua s n p lur i mos ex his inter , p blic , q e i t

runt laudem d as u es cer e o m n s ct man tes tnnom o m a na m fe , S e s , g h i e ,

re imi m im ound in F fesh . Side View o f skull of Bos p r g , f i i

' m litudo cor nuuni et - A , ti ossunt . s ue ﬁeri ne pa rv uli quidem excep p p H ae nib us d ff . mu um a nos tro r um o um co r i ert c ﬁgura et species lt b

s de of Urus d and thi rd) of left i , lar ee h s e on TWO las t m a xillary m o t t ( c ' ra Sl ze . ' - iws na u ) Bos p r imi gcn ( t l

t a u i n a m h ssmn s circumcludun , tq e p n uisita ab labr is argento s tudio se co q Pa s o E d . , la Ga ﬁ ic . it ri - D e Bel ( ulis u tuntu r . ep ulis p r o p o c 6 52 E D O F T HE S O E 1 0 1 7 2 T 8 . PROCE INGS CI Y, JUNE ,

NOTE S O F TH E O CCURRE NCE O F R E MAIN S O F TH E A N CIE NT LONG

H E D O x T H E UR US Bos r imi eni a s I N D F FE E D S S ORN , , p g , I R NT I TRICT O F SCO T L AND .

E D NBUR H I G . — E d inburgh Uni ver s ity Ana tomica l Museum I n this M useum there are preserved portions of three skulls of the Bos p r imigenia s ; nothing is a a n o d d of s o but o m n a a a an pp re tly rec r e their hi t ry, fr their ge er l ppe r ce and a e and s m an to in us um o f R o a g , their re e bl ce those the M e the y l

C o o f Su ons and the So of An ua s ma assum d llege rge ciety tiq rie , it y be e

w o und in ma l- s and o a s om of o s in they ere f r pit , pr b bly, like e the ther ,

S k s w a a to a b n ound in on d a elkir hire , here they ppe r h ve ee f c si er ble num s at o f ber the cl se o the last century . I w n o o a of m asu m n s . O ne s u o I . give the f ll i g t ble their e re e t k ll, N , n a on of on ar o f u a w e rly perfect, with the excepti the fr t p t pper j (the n ma a on of one s d The o aw is un o una an n i ter xill ry b e) i e. l wer J f rt tely w ti g in ll a s c m n . f s The s u 0 . I I ons s s of u a o the pe i e k ll N . c i t the pper p rt s u to ns n u w n- s m nin u 0 a s asa su o o a . S . k ll tr ver e l t re, ith the h r c re re i g k ll N

II I - . has o n a s ma a t of u a of s u w o n o ly ll p r the pper p rt k ll , ith the h r c re of the left side attached

r n Fr. In F . In. Ff . I . . Total length from centre of o ccipita l crest to on of n e max la ones fr t i t r il ry b , Length from centre of o ccipital cres t to nas al i su u t re, a of b s L n om do . to o e gth fr b ck r it ,

B ad of o a d w e of o n- ores re th f rehe bet e n bas e h r c , B ad we n o ts re th bet e rbi , H or n—cor es Length along outer curvature C um e n at as irc f re ce b e , S an b w n s p et ee tip , Or bi ts L n t and ead n a ua e g h br th e rly eq l , Br a dt a oss a of o a ond s e h cr b ck ccipit l c yle , Length of maxilla ry molar series of a lveo lar so ts cke , (Las t two molars remaining o n left sideIn N 6 5 3 NOTES O N TIIE ANCIENT CATTLE or SCOTLAND .

P o s r T n d s d s s u nd o s in a a r fes o William ur er e cribe the e k lls, a ther , p per ”1 On som Foss l Bo n R ma ns oun in Br a n was r a e i vi e e i f d it i , which e d

or R o al h s a S o in F ua 1 nd u s in bef e the y P y ic l ciety ebr ry 859 , a p bli hed m the Proceedings of the S ociety for 1 85 9 . H e c onsiders fro the deep II a and o n u . I . a ha un in br w colour o f sk ll N0 , th t it d been fo d pe t, that several bones of the skeleton of a similar colour probably belong to

is sam o m a s on s orr s on in on s th e animal . H e c p red the e b e with c e p d g b e of a r nd o nd a a rr s n on a ecent ox, a f u th t they ex ctly co e po ded, ly th t the

d n s r s a on s s nes &c . of oss o on a mu a ri ge , pi , , the f il b e were ch l rge c le, a oun of r a z Tu n s o o n m asu cc t thei l rger si e . M r r er give the f ll wi g e re ments

E xistin . Fossll. g

R ight F emur E xt m lenuth re e , C um n of m dd o f s ha l irc fere ce i le t , D am a oss ond es os e o i eter cr c yl , p t ri rly , L eft Scap ula E x m n tre e le gth, adt bre h, Le of s n ngth pi e, Lar est diameter of gle noid fO S h i l R t ght umcr us E x m n tre e le gth, C umf r n of midd o f s a irc e e ce le h ft, B ead oss ond s r th acr c yle , G d me of a u a su a o i h ad reatest ia ter rtic l r rf ce e , Pi th on s de b, probably 7 right i L n e gth, G a es read re t t b th’, Ver tebr 2d Ccm ca l or A xi s a, , E m h xtre e heig t,

E m aut m - os er o d a m r xtre e e p t i r i ete , of an o a r u a su a Circumference teri r tic l r rf ce,

n s r n ox Mr T r From the comparison of the bo e with the ece t , u ner estimates that the skeleton of this extinct animal must have stood nearly

u P o ssor Tu n r has n a o 6 feet in height at the sho lder. r fe r e ki dly ll wed

1 N w Ph oso a in. e h Jo rn ] l . . 0 an E d Ph . Soc. vo . 7 d u a . Ro . See Proc y ys , ii p , il p ic l ,

July 1 859 . 6 54 1 0 E or T HE SO IET N 1 3 2 . PROCE DINGS C Y, JU E , 1 me to am n s ulls in useum a ma t ese racts fro m ex i e the k the M , nd ke h ext his a p per.

E d inbur ter ina r —In um of h s Co e e two gh Ve y College the M use t i ll g , s u s f nfortunate not in is k ll o the Bos p rimigenias are pres erved ; u ly, h g

o d of r s ne n ar of f orn- cor rec r ed thei hi to ry. O is e ly perfect, the tip le t h e

n n The o n s ts o f a t of s u h om bei g broke . ther co si upper p r k ll, with

o s The l w n ar f m n s c re . fo lo i g e some o their measure e t

No II . .

Ft . In. Length from centre o f occipital ridge to front of inter max ar s o a en th ill ie (t t l l g ), t o ns o n of na s on ~ D o . i erti al b c

D o . to u d of o s pper e ge rbit , Or bits Len t g h. B ea d h r t ,

L n a on oute cur vatuI e e gth l g r ,

B ad a ross on a v of o o n- ores re th c c c ity b th h r c ,

B ad f om ti to ti of orn - o s re th r p p h c re , a t as Circumference b e,

Brea d ad b w n oo s of born- ores th of forehe et ee r t c , Len h f o a so s gt o alve l r cket , D e of s u eh nd ro m cen e o f o i i ta d e to pth k ll b i , f tr cc p l ri g ﬂoo at o ta o am n r ccipi l f r e , ead h of o a ond s nd Br t ccipit l c yle behi ,

F o m n a a a an of s s u s t ma umed to r the ge er l ppe r ce the e k ll , hey y be ass

a n ma - ts h ve bee found in rl pi . I a m indebted t o D r James M urie for his kind assistance in their examination.

SE LKIR KS BIBE .

’ l olle e o S ur eons Mus eum E dinbur h —Th r is a ﬁne s eci R oya C g f g , g e e p men O f a nea rly perfect skull of the B03 p rimigenias preser ved in the

us um of R o a Co of S u ons E n u . It has mu o f M e the y l llege rge , di b rgh ch the general aspect o f the crania preserved in the M useum of the Society 6 55 NOTES O N T HE ANCIENT CATTLE O F SCOT LAND .

n o ms us is a so o m S s r of Antiquaries and as its label i f r , it l fr elkirk hi e , d as and wa s probably o btained from tha t co unty a bout the same perio

o s or a i a . the ther , l ttle l ter in on of ma a s and The skull is nearly perfect, except the fr t the xill rie m a s on in ma l a w are s o n. T are o ter xi l ries, hich lightly br ke here three l r

a s d s l in a o a so s but k s of s u ls e ch i e, ti l the lve l r cket , , li e the re t the k l , the

ann som of its m asu m n s for lower jaw has not been preserved . I ex e e re e t comparison with the o ther specimens

Length fro m mi ddle of occipital ridge to nasal suture

D o . to a a of o s b ck p rt rbit ,

B ad of fo ad we n s of horno cores re th rehe bet e ba e , B ad of ba a of o a ond es re th ck p rt ccipit l c yl ,

H or n- cor es

L n alon ou u a u e e gth g ter c rv t r ,

L n r om n of o a d to o n of r t o rn- o e gth f ce tre ccipit l ri ge p i t igh h c re, C umf ren at ase irc e ce b ,

A ox ma te s an of o n- o s n o n owa d o n ppr i p h r c re , left bei g br ke t r p i t ,

O r bi ts :

L n h and ad n a e ua e gt bre th e rly q l ,

D 0 . of nasa bon s l e ,

L n of s s of max a r al o a so e ts e gth erie ill y ve l r ck ,

B l P w the u a o o f the us um f r a to an D r . o I h ve th k J el ettigre , c r t r M e ,

n m n m a u m n as sis ti g e in t aki g these e s re e ts .

' — t uir l — The u r lu m ha l . s s of u us s n S elki k . W ﬁr t k ll r pre e ted to the

T o mas R o s on in 1 78 1 I t i us um R ev . s al a d s M e by h bert . re dy e cribed in m a and wa s oun in a ma - moss at Whitmuirhall n a r y p per, f d rl , e r Selki k .

— S elkirk In S a s a A oun of S o lan of Sir o n S n a the t ti tic l cc t c t d J h i cl ir, E Ba it d n u 1 9 2 ol. . . 4 34 R 7 v ev . T oma , i b rgh, , ii p , the h s R obertso n

on u s a oun f Pa s o f H c trib te the cc t o the ri h Selkirk . e shows the increased

now of t s an i n a had d k ledge he e c e t c ttle, he derive from his correspondence w S a of So of An ua s in 1 78 1 ith the ecret ry the ciety tiq rie , already “ d s in m a and s a s a som s u ls of urns e cribed y p per, t te th t e k l the , and a R om an s a w w s an ma s w d s o w pe r ith hich the e i l ere e tr yed, ere fo und 6 E E O F T HE S C E 1 0 1 5 7 2 556 O E T JUN . PROC DINGS I Y , , a in a moss n a to S and r s n ed to So o f A n l tely e r elkirk, p e e t the ciety ti ” The o low n no e is add : que ries . f l i g t ed

For d s on of s anima and ono a a ds on the e cripti thi l , the h r ry rew r c ferred ’ o n os who n u in m see Cws ar s th e disti g ished themselves in destro y g the , C mm n ’ o ta s . . ha . e rie , lib vi c p

“ Al an i E s edbur h in hi a ua H s o and . s ex der Jcl rey, q , J g , v l ble i t ry ” A n u f o 8 o s in s O R u s E n u 1 8 64 4 o s. v tiq itie xb rgh hire, di b rgh, ( v l ), refer v l 24 4 to s ur n f u us in ir s i and a ds a o . . o o S . i p , thi cc re ce the r elk k h re , d

no a s a s w as found s n in sku . H e te th t the pe r, he believe , ticki g the ll

o s of ad n i s sta m n som but ould not at t m rec llect re i g th te e t ewhere, c the i e w remember here I fea r it requir es conﬁr mation. I am also indebted to M r Jeffrey for some references to the occurrence

“ ” u us m n n i A un f and f the r e tio ed n the O ld Statis tical cco t o Sco tl .

’ ” I n a S elkir kskzr e o f E d n ur E n o a d a 1 8 30 is the rticle , i b gh cycl p e i , , it stated that skulls of the ur ns ha ve been found along with horns of red d and a ma d o ns i of E lk Ger ms a loe eer, p l te h r , I bel eve ,

Ya rr ow — I n N ew S a s a A oun of S o an is s a ted the t ti tic l cc t c tl d , it t l a s u s of u us and of a a ma e a n oun in th t k ll the r , p l t d deer, h ve bee f d

- s the marl m oss e .

R O XBURGH SH IR E .

— T is s d in o on at A o s o d a ﬁn e Jedburgh , here pre erve the c llecti bb t f r

' I t was oun m an a s ag o in a la rge skull of the B0 3 p r imigemus . f d y ye r m me and h . . labeaux n o s s n a edbur . C C m oss in the fore t e r J g , M J i f r , fa vours me with the follo wing measurements

nch es. Feet . I Length of skull from centre of occipita l ridge to front of snou t,

H o n- o s en h of ou cur va tui e r c re , l gt ter ,

H o n- o s n a oss om to r c re , le gth cr fr tip tip,

A ff o f edbur h n o ms me a oo s m n of s u M r . Je rey , J g , i f r g d peci e the k ll o f u us o und in n ou oo is s r in mus um the r , f the eighb rh d , pre e ved the e there . 1 S ee on E lk in S o and Proc. Soc. An . vol. ix. . 33 2. c tl , tiq , p

6 58 RO E ED NGS or T HE 1 0 SO ET E 1 s7 2 . P C I CI Y, JUN ,

BE RWI CKS H IR E .

w — 7 1 {t i — In f h lk Mar lo 11 r Bo . is bo in wh s u o t e E g g th g, ich the k ll 1 Cer vus a lces w as d s o in 1 ma ns of 8 7 1 s d s s u ls &c, , i c vered ; be i e k l , , re i the

- d s u ls a so of r a ur ns i ias a n un Bos r im en o . red eer ; k l l the g e t , p g , h ve bee f d

Pa of a s ul of a i a o n- o s was s o r a fe w rt k l the l tter, w th l rge h r c re , di c ve ed

T s ons s d f a ars a o . o o on of on a on w ho rnc ores ye g hi c i te p rti the fr t l b e ith , w m a su d ac in n alon ou r ur a ur 28 n s hich e re e h le gth, g the te c v t e, % i che , a nd 1 2 n es in r um e n at its as The o of a rc of % i ch ci c fer ce b e . c rd the the inn u of the o n om its as to i w in er c rve h r fr b e ts tip, as 5 inches greates t

The o n wa s o t D r d . H nd s on w n n at and epth h r g by e er he livi g M elrose, w as s n d him to the H un an us um as o I am nd pre e te by teri M e , Gl g w . i ebted t o o n Yo un of us um for no of its d m ns ons and M r J h g the M e the te i e i , he n o ms me a s o f a s ma n in av s of s u i f r tr ce the pe t till re i the c itie the k ll , s o w n b ed in w was is o d h i g the hich it d c vere .

— t l - Mr D unse S win on Mal . Geo rge exhibite d to the Roya l

P s a So in anua 1 8 6 6 a o n o f s a ox ound in hy ic l ciety, J ry , b e thi gre t , f the f o a ions for ni n L n w I t o u s o a n on . c r e per t deepe g the river eet, e r S i t M ill w und in a u um a w s u f as o o a . P o sso T ur n f the ll vi little bel the r ce r fe r er, wh o am n d on sta a w as a um us o f a o un ex i e the b e, ted th t it right h er y g a nimal . U FR E H R E D M I SS I .

— - a un ir am a din Ba t in o ms me a in a ma on S h S Willi J r e , r , f r th t, rl pit the o of G o G a a m o f S aw E s w o un at pr perty e rge r h h , q. , there ere f d the

o om of moss and n on ma the ma ns of a ous an ma s b tt the , lyi g the rl, re i v ri i l ,

' ’ red - d roe- Bos r inu emus a s u and of a a a r eer, deer, p g r re , the k ll rib bl ck be 2 - r s us a r ctos and o n o f n d . U , h r rei eer

KIR KC UD BR IGH TSH I RE .

\Villi s f B u um n o ms me a am C a u E s . o s s in rr ther , q , the riti h M e , i f r th t

’ ’ a d o n to s u l of Bos n mi emus o m A o is a s o in d iti the k l the p g fr th l , there l

us um a s m n om a u a i n u ts s n the M e peci e fr t rb ry Kirkc dbrigh hire, pre e ted

A a num of on f o by L ord Selkir k in 1 8 5 9 . l rge ber the b es o the skelet n

1 E lk in S o and P o A v Soc . n ol. ix. . 3 3 c tl , r c . tiq , p

Re n- deer i S o nd P v v n a o . ol. . i c tl , r c iii 6 59 NO T E S O N THE ANCI ENT CATTLE O F SCOTLAND .

The n of a om as w ell as the skull are preserved . le gth the f ce fr the o ccipital ridge to the end Of the i nterma xillary bones is 2 feet 3 5 inches .

— A s u in us um of So a ad s Ga llo wa y k ll the M e the ciety, lre y de cribed i n m a was oun in a moss in s O f Ga lo a a nd was y p per, f d the di trict l w y, ‘ presented by the R ev D avid M Robert in 1 78 2 .

A r KSE I BE .

—I n a oun of s a s in New S a s a A c llI a ybole. the cc t thi p ri h the t ti tic l ”

o u f o an is o d R ev . G a a a ous c nt O Sc tl d , it rec r ed by the M r r y th t v ri an ma ma ns a n oun in ma r - s n ud n s u s of I s i l re i h ve bee f d l pit , i cl i g k ll the ri h ' 1 “ E lk Me a cer os H iber mcus and of a a Bos ta ur us Bos r imi , g , l rge (the p

m sur d enius a no ou . The a a 1 0 n s n the g , I h ve d bt) l tter e e i che betwee

n s in um n at a f o ns and 1 3 s o o n. h r , % i che circ fere ce the b e the h r

R E RE NFRE WS H I . — A o n of s u a n- Gro hea d . o o o O f Bos r i i ﬂ p rti the k ll, with h r c re the p m

eni us was oun in a O f a in a of C owden ur g , f d bed cl y the v lley the b n, near

d and was a m G i E C o a es s . M. r fthe , d cribed by M r J e e kie, Geologica l “ Su in G o o a a azin Lon on for 1 8 68 rvey , the e l gic l M g e, d , . M r Geik ie considered the bed as intercal ated with the true boulder clay of the dis

R mains of Me a cer os H ibernicus 1 w o triet . e the g ere f und in the same

o al in 1 8 69 and d s l c ity , were e cribed by M r John Young of the H unterian

us um G as o on sam o zon a M e , l g w 5 they were the e h ri s the remains o f the

Bos rimi enius at a ou 20 om Old sur a of p g , b t feet fr the f ce the gro und .

Bon s of a sma l- s z o s E uus ca ba llus oun i e l i ed h r e, q , were f d n a lower series

Mr o f the same deposits . Yo ung considered the beds in which these

ma ns oun as om a a r n a us n d s re i were f d c p r tively ece t l c tri e epo its .

L ANA RK SH IR E .

— Mr L a na r lc. ll am L o art in his a oun Wi i ckh , cc t o f the parish O f “ ” L ana in The S a s a A oun Of S o an l. vo . E n u rk t ti tic l cc t c tl d, xv , di b rgh , 1 7 95 s a s ? In S m 1 7 8 5 i , t te epte ber , while d gging the open part of an

“ a u u for s m l at il a of New Lana q ed ct the ﬁr t il the v l ge rk, there was formd

1 See No i e of I sh E lk in S o a nd P o . Soc . A i . n S o . vol i c c l , c q c . x. p . 346 t ri t r t t , . 66 0 PRO E C E DINGS O F T H E S O E T UNE 1 0 1 8 2 . CI Y , J , 7

' the s n Bis n S co lecus sa li to of o o r ur ns s d C ae b . . kele the , , de cribe by r, vi ,

w h n in in o and f a rs The o s or hich as bee ext ct Sc tl or abo ve 300 ye . c re

ﬁints o f o ns are s t ll s d one in C o l O f G as ow and the h r i pre erve , the l ege l g ,

ano in m oss ss on ast ho u no t n is 2 in n th ther y p e i ; the l , t gh e tire, feet le g , — a nd next the head meas ures above 1 5 inches in circumference . (P.

— Clyde When O perations were carried o n in 1 8 33 in the alluvium of

the C for m o n na a o n a s ul O f a o x Bos river lyde i pr vi g the vig ti , k l the l rge ,

' ‘ 1 imi em us and r a m nts of o ns of n- w o un in ds m g , f g e h r the rei deer, ere f d be

O f ﬁne am na san on no t ba nk of C y de o w un l i ted d the r h the l , bel the j c

T s o n s are no w s v in us um tion of the river Kelvin. he e b e pre er ed the M e w G as o . o f the A nders oni an University . l g

— n a a am s B nni O n O ur n Of Glasgow I p per by M r J e e e, the cc re ce

' " ns d r imi em us in An n D Of C d Bos lonn r o an Bos p g the cie t rift the ly e , ii f Transa ons of the G o o a So d in v ol . 1 8 6 7 o publishe . , , the cti e l gic l ciety " O f G as o B nn sta s a a a o n o n s d D r S ou a l g w, M r e ie te th t l rg e h r , rec g i e by c l r n in Gr eend ke as o f the BU S w as found in an exca va tio y

S Glas o w i w as mad for a s w and n d for a con treet , g w, h ch e e er, exte de

Its h w s a ou 1 0 and so l cut hr ou siderable dis tance . dept a b t feet , the i t gh

a a mou d a nd s ts s lts consisted partly of forc ed e rth , veget ble l , river il , the i

The o n w n w as ound . being 7 feet deep where the ho r f h r , hich M r min on s to s d o f s ull and Bennie has allowed me to exa e, bel g the right i e k , I t m as u s 8 n s in has part of the frontal b one attached to it. e re % i che mi w and 1 0 n s in n to its y , circumference at its bas e , i che le gth extre t hich w red nd wo n as he o n a a s to o ns a y a a , is broken. T h r ppe r be c ider bl e the r

i f by rolling in the bed o f a river.

FIFE SH IRE .

' — in his H sto y O f B s D . e P o sso o n F m n D . , N u burgh. r fe r J h le i g, i r riti h ” u s o f s to a a s ull of a Bos ( a r a , A a s E in u 1 8 28 , refer l rge k nim l , d b rgh ,

27 in s in n . which he gives the follo wing details It meas ures 5 che le gth ” It is ns and 1 1 n s a oss at o s . 9 inches between the hor , § i che cr the rbit New Co E in ur a nd a no w pres erved in the M us eum of the llege , d b gh , ’ s us a in P o ss o F m n s andw n , t label ﬁxed on it, r fe r le i g h riti g ell th t

o . 20 . v . 7 S t v l. 1 S o An . o . - a nd P o . c. See Rein deer in Sco tl , r c tiq c iii p 6 6 1 NO TE S O N T H E A NCI E NT C ATTLE or SCOT LAND .

- The s u is n a it was found in a marl pit at Newburgh . k ll e rly perfect , f s with the exception of part of the i ntermaxillary o the right ide, an i n S al mo a ma n d o aw s an i . the l wer j , which w t g ever l r teeth re i in a o a so s and as are l oun o n s o the lve l r cket , they we l gr d d w , they h w m f very distinctly the various folds of the ena el o the teeth , which

a o s n in ara b ut of a mu a s z h a of ex ctly c rre po d ch cter, ch l rger i e, wit th t the o m x See ur s o f s s u l and its mo a ous d estic o . ( ﬁg e thi k l l r teeth previ ly given). T he follo wing are so me of the measurements o f this skull

— Length of the skull from the supra o ccipital ridge to front edge of n ma x lar one i ter il y b ,

L n om su ra - o a d to nasa on e gth fr p ccipit l ri ge l b es,

D o m to s o n of do . u ed o f o t . fr ce tre pper ge rbi , D 0 of nasa on s . l b e D O of o s . rbit , B ad h of o ts re t rbi , L n o m f on of o t o end of max a bone e gth fr r t rbit ill ry ,

D o . do to on d of n max a on . fr t e ge i ter ill ry b e,

B ad of o ad we n oo s of o n- o es re th f rehe bet e r t h r c r .

a os na o t a ou m dw D o. cr s rr west par b t i ay between roots of horn o s and o s c re rbit ,

m dd of s D O . of s ull a oss o k cr i le rbit ,

D o a oss on of n max a ones . cr fr t i ter ill ry b .

H o n- o es r um en of ase r c r , ci c fer ce b , h ol ow n ou D o . n u a u e le gt f l i g ter c rv t r ,

D o . s an a oss om to p cr , fr tip tip,

L n t of a o a so ts and m o a te of u a w e g h lve l r cke l r eth pper j ,

- D O . f m s u a o o skull fro pr ccipital ridge to upper edge of for am n ma num e g ,

D - 0 . of s ul om su a o a d to as of the s u k l fr pr ccipit l ri ge the b e k ll , B adt of o a ond s os o re h ccipit l c yle p teri rly, n Le gth of bas e of skull from front of fora men ma gnum to fro nt ed of intermaxillarv on s ge b e ,

PE RTH SH RE I . — Athol P o sso R ha O n 1 1] hi s a ua and r fe r ic rd we v l ble beautiful wo rk ” A H s o of B s Foss amma s a nd B s V i t ry riti h il M l ird , an Voo rs t Lon , don 6 62 PRO C E E DINGS or T H E SO E T N E 1 0 1 8 7 2 . CI Y , JU ,

' 1 8 4 6 u s and des es a ar s , ﬁg re crib l ge kull o f the Bos p n migeni u-s got fro m A o H is s r th l. de c iption is a t once so complete and concis e tha t I sha ll quote it in full

The ara e s of Bos r i mi eni a s as on ras ted w h Bi son r ism s ch ct r the p g , c t it the p , m ay be advantageous ly studied in the magniﬁ cent specimen of an entir e s kull rom n a Athol P hs h w r e no in the B s Mus um. The o n a f f e r , e t ir , riti h e c c ve ore

ad wi its sl m di an o tu g f he , th ight e l ngi dina l rid e ; the o rigin o the ho rns at the extremities of the sha rp ridge whi ch divides the frontal from the o ccipital regions ; h t e acute angle at whi ch thes e two surfaces of the cra ni um meet to form the — a ov id e a.ll d n i his s ecimen w h the Bo s r i mi enia s d b e r g , i e t fy t p it p g es cribed by C uv Bo an us and Fremer . The cores of the orns bend at ﬁr s s h ier, j , y h t lig tly a ward a nd u ward h n downward and o ward and ﬁna l nw b ck p , t e f r , , l y, i ard and

u ward des r in a race ul d oub ur a u he are u c u a e at the as p , c ib g g f le c v t re ; t y t ber l t b e,

mod ra e im ress d b on udina oo s and r r u a e fora e d e t ly p e y l git l gr ve , i eg l rly p r t . The

s u is one ard in n h and s an f the ho n- k ll y le gt , the p o r co res is 3 fee t 6 inches ; b ut other British specimens of the Bos p ﬁ migeni‘ us have shown superior dimen s ons of on su The ea dth of i the b y pports of the horns . br the forehea d between 5 t he horns is 1 0 inches from the middle of the occipita l ridge t o the bac k pa rt o f the orbit it meas ures 1 3 inches ; the length of the series of upper molar te eth ” is 6 in s the ea — % che ; br dth of the occipital condyles is 6 inches . ( P.

I n this description Pro fess or O wen sta tes that the skull is one ya rd

n h s m asu m n o is a n om o tal on s le gth ; t i e re e t, h wever, t ke fr the ccipi c dyle , o o a to on d o f n e ma a on ver the ccipit l ridge, the fr t e ge the i t r xill ry b es.

Th e n of a of s m n r om n of o c le gth the f ce the peci e , f the ce tre the cipital to ont d of in ma illa on s is 2 7 in ridge the fr e ge the ter x ry b e , feet ches ;

hi s a m asu m n is n as n of s ull in all r t l tter e re e t give the le gth the k , the o the

a The n of - ins tances I h ve d es cribed . le gth the left horn c ore (the tip of

is o n off is 2 4 n es a on its ou r u a u the right br ke ) feet % i ch l g te c rv t re , a nd o e m as ures 1 4 in s in um n at its the c r e che circ fere ce bas e.

' — m In The S a s t a A oun f o an v . E Moulz o S l vol. din ur t ti ic l cc t c t d, , b gh ,

Al and a 1 7 9 3 Rev . S w in his a ount of hi s aris s a tes , the ex er te rt, cc t p h , t

The skull of a large- horned animal was found some yea rs ago in a marl mi om ou in and is s d at a ous Th a a . e a pit, h lf le fr M l , pre erve th t h e he d is s a a of an ox o ns are o s b ut is nt re h ped like th t ; the h r l t, the pith e i ;

n of the s ul om of on n the le gth k l, fr the edge the b e betwee the ho rns to t e extremitv of u aw is 26 n s r a s c um n h the pper j , % i che ; the g e te t cir fere ce

6 6 4 PRO E E D NGS O F T HE SO IET UNE 1 0 1 3 7 2 . C I C Y, J ,

Inches Th su f s u n a d r i orns. f 7 . Di ect on of h e occipital r a ce o the k ll bei g pl ce r a orns r s 7 nch s to the ﬁr s a e ve tic l , the h i e 5 i e the tip , t 1 littl

con x as onca u wa ds . ve , the l t 7; c ve p r

B ead o t s f rn- s 8 . r th a cross f rehead be ween root o ho core

a To ais d d of o n- o ( ) r e e ge h r c re , b T o in n s f n of ou h u a o do . ( ) beg i g r g rf ce , B d 9 . rea th across crest of skull

a T o a s d d f o n- o ( ) r i e e ge o h r c re, b To innin of ou su a of do ( ) beg g r gh rf ce . L n f om s to o a o am n e gth r cre t ccipit l f r e , O ccipita l foramen a V a l at su fa ( ) ertic l y, r ce, b T ans s at same as las ( ) r ver ely, level t ,

at of d of ond e level e ge c yl , a t d of ond ri ge c yle, B w n x m ou d es of ond s et ee e tre e ter e g c yle , B ad of ond a on its d re th c yle l g ri ge, Th n ss of to of ad 4 n h s ow s e n on al and ick e p he i c e bel cre t, betw e fr t o a su fa s ccipit l r ce ,

' 8 um s A o ow hi d . ( ) H eru . ( b ut l er t r )

E x em h t ow end tr e breadt a l er ,

B d w n s of a i ula surfa rea th bet ee edge rt c r ce, G at 5 n es a o ow end irth i ch b ve l er ,

- F r e a rm Low or R ad us and Ulna are an os d. (C ) o . ( er é }7 i kyl e

E xt m adth at ow end re e bre l er ,

B a d h of n a a a u a su a re t e tire c rp l rtic l r rf ce, Gi th 5 n s a o ow end r i che b ve l er , Gi t s of adi us and u na S a w an n oss ous vacuitv r h r l ep rately, here i ter e allows a cord to pass Radius in s a o ow end (a) , 3g che b ve l er , b U na 3 n h s a o its ow end ( ) l , i c e b ve l er ,

D Colour o the Bones. ( . ) f

- Fo ad mos of a All the p ortions present a uniform clay brown colour. r ehe tly

da o ou b ut no s a s or s o s . rker c l r, tre k p t NO TE N E S O T H ANCIENT CATTLE O F SCOTL AND . (56 5

UTH E RL AN S DSH IR E . — Kintm dwell. In F ua 1 8 6 4 R e v . oass of o s e . J G ebr ry the J M . l pi ,

n of E ddertoun mad som a a ons in a u n d u ld n a o the , e e exc v ti r i e b i i g, br ch at n a l n a sea - s o and ound ma ns f a u Ki tr dwel , e r the h re, f the re i o v rio s a n ma s as and - the on a on and o n- o and i l , the pig red deer, with fr t l b e h r c re, o an ma of ox ther bones of a large i l the tribe .

A TH NE - R E C I SS SH I .

"I d e — Amon on s o f an ma s ou om ss in a g the b e i l br ght fr Kei , the

us um of So is u a of s u of a a M e the ciety, there the pper p rt the k ll l rge o x on a on and a o n- o of s is , with the fr t l b e, h r c re the left ide, which

o n he o n- o m asu s 1 0 n s in um n at its as br ke . T h r c re e re i che circ fere ce b e, and 1 2 inches in length along its outer curvature to its fractured ex

m I m to a tr emit is now . ts a s z o r s on s o y, which i perfect l rge i e c r e p d re th t

’ ' ' of mz emus an to an o ox I t was d s o m an the Bos p m g th y ther . i c vered y years ago by M r Jos eph Anderson in an ancient m ound on the sea

K Th i mu h - n oas a t ss . e o n s a wo n and a s o c t ei h r c we ther r , perh p bel ged t m o a young ani al .

k — Th n a o on of a s u o n- o s a a Br ec i o . e o a g fr t l p rti k ll , with l rge h r c re tt ched , of Bos r imi enia s ound in ma of L o of Brecki o a on the p g , f the rl the ch g , l g with various antlers of r ed - deer was presented to the M useum by Bentley

I n E s of T ums in un 1 8 7 0. n s . e , q hr ter, J e

nches . Feet. I The s u m asu s a oss o ad w n oo s of k ll e re cr the f rehe , bet ee the r t

hem - o s 0 the c re ,

n rom a d to o w o d of o am n ma num O Le gth f occipit l ri ge l er b r er f r e g , ad oss a of o i a ond s O Bre th acr b ck ccip t l c yle ,

The horn- cores ar e nearly perfect

n- o m asu s a on its ou u a u The right hor c re e re l g ter c rv t re, n at as Circumfere ce b e,

L n a on its ou u a u e eft : le gth l g ter c rv t r , n at as Circumfere ce b e,

w n o n s of o n- o s Length bet ee p i t h r c re , Greatest width across inside curve of horn- cores - 6 6 PRO C E E D NGS or T H E S O C E T UNE 1 0 1 3 7 3 . 6 I I Y, J , — Bowen I am indebted to M r Jos eph A nderso n fo r the tw o fo llowing

ias in s oun hi notices of the o ccurrenc e of the B0 8 p rimige n thi c ty, w ch

’ were publis hed at the time in the John 0 Gr e at Jo urna They are rem arkable from the fact O f the horns O f tw o of thes e la rge cattle

n in a ins an a a n o d o as had n bei g e ch t ce pp re tly l cke t gether, if they bee

n in b o a nd a had n mu ua l haus d and us ﬁghti g the g, e ch bee t l y ex te , th n des troyed by his O ppone t .

The rs was s o on on a 1 2 A u us 1 8 39 o n ﬁ t di c vered M d y, th g t , by M r J h

' B mn T oﬁ K m in a s O f Bo w w n di n for m a in re er, e p, the p ri h er, he ggi g rl

Th H e d s o d on s O f som anima s O f a m oss on the esta te of ure . i c vere b e e l

’ T w u o x s s but O f a a S z the B0 3 rimi em us . the pecie , gre t i e ( p g ) hey ere p T w o w d f 3 un o un and in a s a of s r a on. ar s o feet der gr d, high t te pre e v ti

ads w o d o o ns as if an ma s had k d he ere l cke t gether by the h r , the i l ille

n f ds is s v and a ous o on s n ano . O e o a o e ther the he pre er ed , v ri ther b e ;

a The o n: they w ere measured in the pres e nce O f severa l indi vidu ls . h r

o s of the o ns on main o m n a a ul ur of 5 1 0 c re h r ly re , f r i g gr cef c ve feet inches from tip to tip (along the curvature O f the h orns) breadth of skull a cross eyes (and ho rn- c ores 1 foot 6 inches ; o ne o f the ribs meas ured Lar es 3 n s at oad s a and 3 1 in in n . 5; i che the br e t p rt, feet ch le gth g t oin O f le —on m u 2 m asu s 9 n s in um n but j t g b e (fe r ) e re i che circ fere ce, the

is om a a s n f om nons cientiﬁ c on s o . U o una b e it elf c p r tively h rt f rt tely, r the

ara O f m as ur is not ui a in to a s . ch cter the e er, it q te cert wh t he refer

The s ond ns an w as d s o r d in sam a s O f Bow at ec i t ce i c ve e the e p ri h er,

Cla ock n a o Of S earmelett A an R oss w n d n y , e r the l ch , by lex der , he iggi g

n in T o a s ound o a drai the beginning of O ctober 1 8 4 0. w he d were f t gether un d The 3 oun as anima s had ou and d d o . feet er gr d, if the l f ght ie t gether

o ns m a sur 5 o m to a on ur a u a nd 1 1 n s in h r e ed feet fr tip tip ( l g c v t re), i che umf n circ ere ce .

O R KNE Y.

Al a inla nd S a nd wick S to r — m in his a on m S a u Lain E s . , , el g, q , p per I A e of B o s a a r to om a es o o n the g the r ch , lre dy refer ed , c p r the c llecti

f a nim mains c s o a & . oun W am Wa at a i o l re , , f d by M r illi tt Sk ill, w th th e

oun ms in a d to f d by hi elf C ithness . H e states that the fauna a ppea re be

sam i a of u s or o s but o ne r mark a the e w th th t the b rg br ch , with e ble

1 P o . So c . A n i . o . vol. . 1 8 r c t q Sc t viii 6 7 . NOTE E A 6 6 S ON TH NCIE NT CATTLE O F SCOT LAND. 7

on viz. a in a of Bos excepti , , th t dditio n to the sma ll straight horns lon roaw r r s ra a 0 x o ns w om r s z and n , the e we e eve l l rge h r , hich fr thei i e

u a ur must a n os O f Bos r imi nias of s im ns c rv t e h ve bee th e p ge , which pec e

a n oun in a moss s ou as f r as am a a not h ve bee f d the pe t e , th gh, a I w re, before in connection with any ancient dwellings in O rkney or Caithness .

O ne o n n w as n a 2 n n at h r , o exhibited, w e rly 1 i ches in circumfere ce the ” — m ns O f as and had n u ar s of 2 on . P The r a b e, bee pw d feet l g ( . e i the small ox include a horn- core O f right side partially broken ; it

m asu s n n and n a n s m n t as . e re 8 i ches lo g, e rly 7 i che in circu fere ce a the b e

G o orr . Mem . A . o n a a o r a to . C a s S S . i e rge Petrie, E s q , . c t , p per l e d the 1 o 8 6 s a d a d a oun f u ous un S ciety , April 1 7 , give et ile cc t o the c ri der

oun ma ns of ui in s oun at S a a Ba of a or out gr d re i b ld g f d k r , y Sk ill, w ked ' Mr R illiam a Af e s n an n s of man of by W tt. t r de cribi g the cie t type y the on and s one m m nts o und sta s a s mains ar e Of v erv b e t i ple e f , he te , th t the e re c onsiderable antiquity may be infe rred as well from the ancient type O f “ m m n s as a so om the fact a on s and o ns O f the i ple e t , l fr , th t the b e h r

an ma s on s n n in O ne such as r and is i d i l l g i ce exti ct rk y, the dee , it bel eve

' Bos r i u thickl s d u ou s O f the p im gem s , were v trewe thro gh t the debri the ” ui n — P b ldi g. ( .

TH E A E n E O L CAL R A N E O F T HE L AR E ON - H O RNED O x TH E G o G O GI G G L G ,

U R US Bos O en I N BR TA N AND E SPE C A LLY I N ( w ), I I , I

S CO TLAND .

Julius Caesar described the urns as being then found with the elk and

r n- d o s P i n s a s a nor rn o s ei eer in the H ercynian f re t. l y t te th t the the pe ple

an f orns so ar n n a n u n dr k out o urns h , which were l ge as to co tai r a . m n Pro fes sor Nilsson considers this s ta te e t probably an exaggeration.

P o s i s a u us am in on a ter S and r fe sor Nilsson bel eve th t the r c e , l g f the c i na an oul r o at a mu a m an a ur n the vi b der pe i d , ch l ter ti e th th t d i g which same s pecies lived in E ngla nd ; h e therefore supposes it had never atta ined

to n a a as in E n an It in and na a the same size in Sca din vi gl d . lived Sc i vi

c ontemp oraneously with the rein- deer and elk (their fossil remains being

i n our Ol u - Its ma ns a re not unfrequently fo und together d t rf bogs). re i

D ani s m s als o found abundantly in the h kitchen idden .

1 S o v o A n . . o i S c . l. vi . Pro c . tiq c t i 6 6 8 PRO E ED NGS O F T H E S O ET U NE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . C I CI Y , J ,

I n us um of Un s of Lund is a s on of a the M e the iver ity , there kelet ’ ur ns w i was d s o d in a a b o in 1 8 40 und P o ss o Nillson s h ch i c vere pe t g , er r fe r o wn ns on n a to O nna in the is t of Wemmenshti i pecti , e r rp , d rict g,

a a It has n a O f s nous o ss O f sou of S n . the th c i , e r the edge the pi pr ce

r s um ar r a an o n n su o und d i a us i as s s the ﬁ t l b ve tebr , pe i g rr e w th c ll , wh ch p e out on a and is on inu hr ou h o on of n the b ck, c t ed t g the pr jecti the ext 1 The P o sso su os s is ound had n aus s o bone. r fe r pp e th w bee c ed by the tr ke of a a n th e an ma n s r u o m f on and a the a d j veli , i l bei g t ck fr the r t, th t he

f a s u a o us b a d ana O the spea r had afterw rds ppura ted out . V ri cele r te tomis ts and physiolo gists als o agree with Pro fess or Nills on in thi s

ana n f aus O f n u H e o o ns s is expl tio o the c e the i j ry. theref re c ider th instance proves tha t this ani mal had li ved in S cani a after the coun try was n a d b man du in S on od and also d u in som a i h bite y r g the t e peri , r g e p rt

O f B onz a e as a w ar - um of onz s and u d the r e g , tr pet br e de cribed ﬁg re by — e him is ons d rs d n o d om a o n of ur e ox. , he c i e , evi e tly c pie fr h r the ’ “ In Pro fes sor Riitimeyer s cata logue of the Animal R emains of the

' L a D lin s o f z and s a s a Bos rim em us has ke wel g Swit erl , he t te th t the p ig

n ound at R ob enhaus en Mooseedorf Wanw l a nd C on se and a bee f , , y , ci , wh t

’ ' he has s na B0 3 ta un ts mmz mzius at Bo n aus n Moosee de ig ted the p g be h e ,

' d n on s and B nn o i i us o C . N s u ls O f B0 3 mm en rf, M eile , ci e, ie e k l the p g

a ow as n dis o d on O d s s so as to ut b e h ve , h ever, yet bee c vere the l er ite , p yond a doubt the supposed fact of its presence and in the later ones the

orn o s a nd on s whi ar e d to s n ar e als o s a d h c re b e , ch believe repre e t it, t te

' ' to ons a ss in s z an be c ider bly le i e th the ancient ur ns or Bos p r inngem us . i ’ I n E ngland the Bos p r migem us is found in the Fen and T ur bary

os ts o f al uv um and P o sso O w n n ud s in the of dep i the l i , r fe r e i cl e it list animals fo und in the ca ves and the dr ift and fresh - wa ter dep osits o f the n w Pl o n o ma on asso a w e er i ce e f r ti , ci ted ith the remains of recent and als o

in mamma a as an ino os &c T he es n of the ext ct li , the eleph t, rh cer , , pr e ce its mains in C om o st- in No o asso a e d man O f re the r er f re bed rf lk, ci t with y

in m ammal a a s a to m s o our a a o the ext ct i , t ke it b ck the ti e bef re gl ci l ep ch, and o to a m ir theref re re ote antiquity. Fo llowing the order given by S

C ar s L l Ba t om s n to as d ou h le yel , r , fr the pre e t the p t, it live thr gh the

1 F or no e and ﬁ u es see The P im e Inhab a n s of Scandi na a b tic g r , r itiv it t vi , y

S en Nillson ans a ed b Sir Lub bo . London 1 86 9 . 369 . v , tr l t y J ck , , , p 2 B onze A e . 93 P ofes o o s Nills n. r g , p , by r r 5 s' NOT E S ON TH E ANC ENT ATTL I C E O F S COT L AND . 0 0 9

- R n and Post P o n di s ons Of his Pos - T l ece t li ce e vi i t ertiary Perio d . Sti l fur ther

a ma a d n o - P o n b ck it y be tr ce i t the Newer li ce e , or ﬁ rst divi sion O f his P o n — P o n a a a d s as in - li ce e eri d , be e th the gl ci l rift , the pre glacial forest bed

of C om on its ma ns a not as n s o r er 5 bey d which re i h ve yet bee di c vered . I n E ngland very few instances have been recorded of the asso ciation of on s of ur us ma ns f m O ne is d to the b e the with the re i o an . referre “ ” P o sso O w n in his B s Foss amm a Mr by r fe r e riti h il M ls , publi shed by o o s as di s o Of s u W d , the c very the k ll and horns of the great urus in a umu us on s ir I n t l the Wilt h e D owns . the Acc ount o f the Blackmore

us um at Sa i s u a ous m a M e l b ry, v ri i po rt nt papers were published o n i f n a a o o a su s a at o n n m in as ne d fere t rch e l gic l bject re d the pe i g eet g, w o by M r Boyd D awkins O n the Pre- H istoric M ammalia found as sociated w Man i T s di s ith n Great Britain. hi covery of the skull Of a urus in a

um in s ir is d u us to . H e sa s I t is ma a t l Wilt h e there referre y re rk ble , as being the only authenticated instance of the o ccurrence O f the animal ” w mains f man in - s im in B in C unni n ith the re o pre hi toric t es rita . M r g ton s a s was an o for was a s ons om t ted thi err r, which he p rtly re p ible fr “ " a s a m n h in z H e t te e t he ad made the Wiltshire M aga ine . believed now a ma ns O f u us not oun in a a o at , th t the re i the r were f d b rr w Cherhill, but in a bed of lo cal drift clos e to the rivulet which flows thr ough the

u H T n in m s valley round the fo ot of O ldb ry ill . hi k g there ight till be 1 som dou on ma I wr o to D r o n Thurnam D z s who I e bt the tter, te J h , evi e , was su u n san of all the a s O f as and d re wo ld be cog i t f ct the c e, receive — “ from him the following reply There is no really reliable record of

' the discovery o f part O f the skull and horns o f B0 8 p rimigem us at ’ The rs u l s no is in H n Woods C herhill near C alne . ﬁ t p b i hed tice e ry ’

i ul of O x a t s am 4to 1 85 8 w a . D es cription of F oss l S k l M elk h , , , ith pl te d to om 26 . It is sa The Cherhill s pecim en is named a t p . there i be fr a umulus and is a oun is a te in n t , th cc t repe d the brief refere ce by M r ’ i o u 1 39 to . unnin n in ts a azin v ol. . . C gto the Wil M g e, iv p , wh ch y refer on an unde r a ua 2 a t The o riginal report w as by a Mr S . M ey, gr d te ( ) the om a m and o a is to a ea n oun on a sa . F ti e, pr b bly gr t exte t f ded he r y r wh t Mr Cunnin on now bel e s a o ns w has since been hea rd, gt i ve th t the h r ere

dea h of h s a om shed It is with much s orrow I h ave to record the la mented t t i cc pli

a e o e hese sh eets we e r n ed o ff. ohn Thu num medica l ma n and a ntiqu ry, b f r t r p i t J r ,

di ed sudden at D ev z es on the 24th Se ember 1 873 . M. D . , ly i pt 6 7 0 PRO E E D NGS O F TH E S O E T UNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . C I CI Y, J ,

Th s is co n not om a ar o at all but f om th e O f a u . fr b r w , r bed riv let i

ﬁr med f a m r ound w the o ns by the act th t so e potte y said to be f ith h r , s ms to a o d but w the two are ont m o a is ee be w ter r lle , hether c e p r ry very

d ou u The o ar e no w in D z s us um W s A . Soc. btf l . wh le the evi e M e ( ilt rch ) ” Mr C unnington gives a goo d woodcut of the horns . “ ” h l ol xl i . In hi s m mo r n An n B s Ba ows Arc ae o o ia v . e i O cie t riti h rr , g , i L ukis m n on a R W . D r Thur nam s The ev . C e ti th t . pre

n um of s Ar a o o i a o at D z s se ted to the M use the Wilt ch e l g c l S ciety, evi e ,

' a o n- o O f an ex oss Bos r imi enzus om the very l rge h r c re , p ibly p g , fr some excavations m ade by him in the Cha mbered Long Ba rrow at

Wi T he a o o w T d om in No s. had n v ous i c be, rth lt b rr w, h ever, bee pre i ly

ﬂ d and is dou u w e or not i s hor nc or e is of a od ri e , it btf l heth r th peri ” D r Th c o eval with or subsequent to its erection. urnam clas ses the long

a o s as on n to S on P od of an ua T s ns an b rr w bel gi g the t e eri the tiq ry. hi i t ce wou d o a a to S o asso a on Of u us w l , theref re , ppe r h w the ci ti the r ith the

ma f a n a an s of c oun . R ns O sma ox Bos l r ons e rly i h bit t the try e i the ll , m n ,

m e s and also of o ou in sma nu s &c. a n f und in th gh ll b r , the h r e, , h ve bee o the L ong Cha mbered Barrows . In describing what he cons iders the

a m U n am d L on Ba o D r hur e rlier si ple ch bere g rr w, T nam says The remains of oxen found by me in the long barrows w ere uniformly such as zoo o sts and om a a a na omis s to an n s l gi c p r tive t t refer the cie t ma ll species, ” l n r ns r Bo br a ch cer s the B0 3 o gif o o s y o . A third instance O f the ass ociation of the urus with man in E ngland is o d in G o o al a azin Lond n i . F b 1 o v ol. in v e . 8 69 rec rde the e l gic M g e , , , , “ a a n d Man and the ammo n p per e title , M th bei g an A ccoun t of the

An ma s fO Imd asso a d w E a Man in Pre - s o T m i l ci te ith rly hi t ric i es , by

v H n “ o odwar d f B s &c. o s u um H e s e ry , the riti h M e . tates that

A an a and n o n- o s w a a gr d he d e tire h r c re , ith l rge pro portion of the s on of B0 3 ﬁ mi enius w as o ta n d kelet the p g , b i e fro m beneath the peat near

d The a had o wn nto C ambri ge. pe t gr i and ﬁlled the c avities O f the skull

and all on s. O n mo a of a r om on a on a the b e the re v l the pe t f the fr t l b e, stone celt was s os d o n off s o in the or ehead had di cl e br ke h rt f , which it

d and had n a a n t as us ss pierce , bee pp re tly lef there ele by the hunter to w o s sk m as h d Th h e ill the ighty be t a fallen. e specimen is no w in the T " “ dw rdian m am d W oo a us u C . dw M e , bri ge M r o o ard cons iders that the

un had his o n s n in s u a a n as s h ter left br ke celt ticki g the k ll pp re tly u eless,

6 2 PRO EE D N GS OF T H E S O ET UNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . 7 C I CI Y, J ,

uman lin s apparently among the debris in the ruins of our ancient h dwel g ,

s in f om a a s om a d t mains o f the s ugge t g, r their r rity there, c p re wi h the re

- o n ox a had een ro a s oi s O f the ch as small short h r ed , th t they b p b bly p l e,

ma s the exce and no t the remains o f slaughtered domes tic ani l . With p

on oun at o t a d es Mr G i e as in a tion of the b es f d Cr f he , d cribed by e ki

w u a a n r for he h n s of bed inte rcalated ith the bo lder cl y, d the e e, t i k , the

od I no no o ns a n s o s on n to os in gla cial peri , k w ther i t ce c rre p di g th e E ngla nd belonging to such an ancient perio d as the Glacia l or Pre to a n e mina a t an a m s . I t ou a ar a s o Glaci l ti e w ld ppe , l , h ve bee ext r ted

o d as no s n n to its is n o u s as fa r as I early peri , di ti ctive refere ce ex te ce cc r , h d I a alrea sta d on a m a a i n an of our a S o s o s . w re, y e rly c tti rec r h ve dy te ,

o R ev . T omas Ro s on s o in 1 78 1 of the autho rity f the h bert , the di c very

u in mar ts n ar S l r and dis o e in skulls of the rus l pi e e ki k, the c v ry the

of a a a rs to a e n a ous onz w a ons su sa me lo cality wh t ppe h ve b e v ri br e e p , g

estin a t l as oss of the anim a s a in s e at m g g, e t, the p ibility l h v g exi t d the ti e a na Th thos e w ea pons were us ed by the e rly tives Of the dis tric t. e

ma ns a a n al i to i s a ox oun in ru ns of uman re i , pp re tly l ed th gre t , f d the i h

lin s O f ai t n and O n m a a s ons d to n dwel g C h ess rk ey, y perh p be c idere bri g its existence down to the times j us t preceding the invasion O f the

Norsemen in no of S o a nd om a ou s to the rth c tl , fr b t the ixth the eighth or

C aes ar tells us that in hi s time the u rus was considered as qui te untame a and r was omes a d o s not a a r as far a ble ; if it eve d tic te , it d e ppe , s I am a a to ha s in s s a in B a n or at as in an w re, ve exi ted thi t te rit i , le t Sco tl d. Professo r Nilsson says 5 Tha t this wild ox has contributed to pro duce

a O f our a on - o n d a is mor an o a en the r ce l rge l g h r e c ttle e th pr b ble. Wh and s o ossa ﬂat- o a a - orn wi where thi c l l f rehe ded, l rge h ed, ld ox ﬁrs t beca me

am d we do not now but r a n oo a in r m an u t e k ce t i ly it t k pl ce e ote tiq i ty ,

nd in a a n far s an om u a l d di t t fr s . I t a ppea rs to me proba ble that it was ﬁrst tamed either in the south or sou - s of E u o or a rea d in A s a som C ra t th we t r pe, l y i by e eltic ce ; bu ,

n t l ss on a s w - ever he e , l g fter thi it as O fte n found in a wild or half wild s a in o s s of C n ra E u o n inn n r t te the f re t e t l r pe, eve till the beg i g o middle of s n n ur ha ta m ra s run r fro the ixtee th ce t y ; t t the e ce which p g the e m, a s all am a s am a ua perh p , like t e r ce , bec e gr d lly smaller than the wild s o s but et ar an o m a t ck , y l ger th ther ta e r ces which spring from s maller NO TE S O N T H E ANCI E NT CATTLE O F SCO TLAND . 6 73 stock s and it was this la r ge br eed of bla ck ca ttle which the C eltic races

ou w m to no and w ar e s o n of in man br ght ith the here the rth , hich p ke y

' ' assa s O f our S a as as on n to T o ns &c p ge g bel gi g the te . I have alread y bro ught fo rward the O pposite view O f M r Youatt and ’ o s a dom s a on and man s ma na m n ins a Of d m n sh n ther , th t e tic ti ge e t, te d i i i i g, m a n as s z O f an ma s on un his a P a y i cre e the i e i l l g der c re . rob bly bo th the ’ one effect and the o ther may be pro duced under man s m anagement and

a n u ms an s of his o s on in d f n a the v ryi g circ t ce p iti , i fere t p rts of the world .

The rea u us ou a a as fa r a s at s n no to m g t r w ld ppe r, we pre e t k w, be ore

an n an th e sm a s o - o n d ox but o ma ons d cie t th ll h rt h r e , b th y be c i ered varieties only in size and a few unimportant particulars o f the s ame

The nus B s nd d s s the Bos ta u r us . o a on pecie , ge , i ee , l g with the few o ther genera or species from which man has derived his do mesticated

a n ma s s m to a had m an d in m a C a o i l , ee h ve i pl te the , by their gre t re t r ,

a s a and u a o O f ada a on s o n no w in r man peci l pec li r p wer pt ti , h w thei y

a s to a n ums an s O f m a ood and sh v rietie , the ever v ryi g circ t ce cli te , f , elter

n m us to a n man in all his an n s as s a d ﬁtti g the th be t ke by , w deri g , he pre s

of a a a a broa d over almost the whole the h bit ble e rth .

D STR BUT O N O R R AN E O F T H E LAR E L O NG - H O R NE D O x T H E U R US Bos I I I G G , (

’ r ima enius O n I N BR TA N A ND E SPE C ALL Y IN SCO TLA ND p g , we ), I I , I .

ossal s s Of ox P o ss o Nilsson s us was This col pecie , r fe r tell , formerly

a a of E u o om w idely sprea d over the gre ter p rt r pe, fr the present Scania

nd I a a nd om E n an to no n and s to France a t ly, fr gl d the rther we tern parts of A sia a s in all those places its fossil bones ar e found in more recent ” In ca a o u o f amma an R ma ns d s o d in I s a a . and tr t the t l g e M li e i i c vere rel , “ n in ou na O f G o o a E s . R . H . S o S o f by c tt, q , give the J r l the e l gic l ciety o ” ” u n 1 8 64 and G o o a a az n L ondon 1 8 70 is s a a D bli , , e l gic l M g i e , , , it t ted th t

’ ‘ ‘ s f Bos mmz em us a as n o un in I and no remain O the p g h ve yet bee f d rel .

u us has n s o d in man and a o us a I n E ngland the r bee di c vere y v ri lo c lities .

o n the num ous ns an s 1 av no w n a In Sco tla nd , as sh w by er i t ce h e bee ble

“ o u s o m S ks and R o u s on th e to grou p together, it cc r fr elkir hire xb rgh hire

u and o m B s o n as oas to K ud Ga o so th , fr erwick hire the e t c t, irkc bright, ll

w a and A s on w s o u h man O f o ur m dland o un s y, yr hire the e t thr g y i c tie , ns to S u and a nd C a hn ss n a nd passing on by A berdee hire, therl it e o the

d to O ne Is a nds a . o a nd n as is s , n rth , eve , it t te the rk y l ET UNE 1 0 1 8 7 2 . 6 74 PRO CE ED INGS O F THE SO CI Y , J ,

f S o Its remains have therefore been found o ver the grea ter part o c t

nd mo s a as a on its as n o d s to the m la , re e peci lly, yet , l g e ter b r er extre e

s an north of our i l d.

— b ished im o an memo rs M. A . &c. has u Bo d D aw ns E s . W. N ote. y ki , q , , , p l p rt t i ” “ eo o a S o ie of London O n th e B sh in the Quarterly Journal of the G l gic l c ty , riti ” hese l. xx . 1 86 7 . T . 1 86 6 Bos lon t r ons v o xen Bos urus vol. xx Foss il O , , ii ; g f , iii t No es I was not fortunate enough t o have seen until I had collected my recen t o t o sh a e I can on e e hose who w sh t o s ud the sub e to h ese n he Sc tti c ttl . ly r f r t i t y j ct t , “ h Pos and the other valuable memoirs published by Mr Boyd D awkins on the Britis t ” a ifi a on of the P e sto ene a a Mamma s vol. xxv . 1 86 9 and o n The ss Gl ci l l , , Cl c ti l i c

for 1 8 2 . Soc. Lond . 7 of t Mamma a &c. uar . ou na Geo . Strata by means he li , , Q t J r l l

ADDITIO NAL NOTE T O CO MMUNICAT IO N O N “ THE ANT IQUITIE S O F ” ULLE N AND BANFFSH IRE SE E PA GE BY AND RE W JE RVISE C ( , A SCO T E sq . , E . S . . .

A s An D uff of MuldaVIt us an of H n H a is sa to drew the h b d ele y, id

a d d a ou 1 5 1 9 D ou as Ba ona a s of h ve ie b t ( gl r ge, p . the i le the church of Cullen and the inscription must belong to the ﬁrst half of the s n n u U n 1 79 2 was a um n fﬁ in ixtee th ce t ry. til there rec be t e gy the recess

om in sou a s e at Cull n a so a s a a ur in a mou t b the th i l e , l l b with ﬁg e r r, ud n s d to m mo of ohn D uf of Mulda t wh is s r ely i ci e , the e ry J f vi , o, it tated n d d i o n 1 404 . there , ie

A the o na us n ss of m n C a rman in fter rdi ry b i e the eeti g, the h i , na me of

S o - s n TH O AS B. O H NSTO N E s P s n the ciety, pre e ted M J , q Vice re ide t, with a piece of silver plate in token o f their estima tion of his valuable services

as T asu of So an O f - re rer the ciety, ﬁce which he had ﬁlled for twenty one

a s ous to his m n n No m ye r previ retire e t i ve ber last .

’ The So n ad our n to St An s D a 1 8 7 ‘7 ciety the j ed drew y,