European Livestock Breeds Ark and Rescue Net (Elbarn)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

European Livestock Breeds Ark and Rescue Net (Elbarn) European Livestock Breeds Ark and Rescue Net Contents 5 Preface 6 What is ELBARN? 8 Agrobiodiversity - a crucial part of biodiversity 9 International agreements 10 Agrobiodiversity and nature conservation 12 Nature Park Lonjsko Polje, Croatia 14 Agrobiodiversity and rural development 15 Milina Project, Serbia 18 Why are traditional breeds endangered? 20 The importance of non-governmental organizations 21 The ELBARN project: a partnership of five NGOs 21 EuroNatur 22 SAVE Foundation 23 Steunpunt Levend Erfgoed (SLE) 24 The Society For The Conservation Of Old And Endangered Livestock Breeds In Germany (GEH) 25 Associazione Italiana ‘RAZZE AUTOCTONE A RISCHIO DI ESTINZIONE’ (RARE) 26 Solving the problem 27 Rescue actions 27 Booted goat (Stiefelgeiss) 29 Carpathian Buffalo 31 Ark Centres 31 Saving endangered livestock in Galicia 33 An Ark Farm with an educational ethos 34 Steunpunt Levend Erfgoed: Living Heritage Park and Expo 36 Jakobson’s Farmstead Museum in Estonia 37 Vlahi Eco-centre, Bulgaria 39 What does our living heritage tell us? 1 2 Contents 40 Conservation Breeding 42 Mora Romagnola pig, Italy 44 The Walachian Museum in Roznov 45 Conservation of local breeds in France 47 Chillingham Wild Cattle 49 Oulokeros goat, Greece 50 The Danish Ertebølle Landrace sheep 51 Marketing 52 Marketing meat from traditional breeds 54 Quality products from Mangalitsa pigs in Hungary 55 Geographical information 59 Outcomes and future perspectives 60 Area Action Plans 62 Further information 62 ELBARN website 63 Arca-Net 64 ELBARN partners 65 Other websites 67 Acknowledgement 3 4 Preface Raising awareness about conservation work taking The texts and photos that follow show the variety place all over Europe to ensure that the animals of ways in which ‘agrobiodiversity’ can be seen that form part of our (agri-)cultural heritage are as important. There are also many brief examp- safeguarded is an essential part of ELBARN – the les, which tell the history behind ELBARN and also European Livestock Breeds Ark and Rescue Net. show that, all over Europe, people are actively At the inception of this project in 2006, it was trying to conserve indigenous livestock breeds in planned to write a report at this juncture detailing many innovative ways. The photos to be found the work undertaken in the three years of this Eu- throughout the publication show the variety and ropean Commission-funded concerted action. The beauty of this, often forgotten and neglected, part intention was to use the report to promote ac- of biodiversity. tivities and motivate governments, organizations, institutes and individuals to carry ELBARN into We hope that reading this book will be informative the future. During the series of workshops that and enjoyable, and encourages you to take part have been an integral part of the ELBARN process, in our conservation work – as a visitor to an Ark it became clear that something slightly different Centre, a consumer of fine products, an animal might be more effective – a document that not breeder, a project sponsor, or by promoting the only records the valuable work that has already work in the media. Comprehensive details of where to taken place but also shows why it is important. find further information and how to make contact with the ELBARN project partners can be found at the back of this publication. Elli Broxham, editor SAVE Foundation 5 What is ELBARN? ELBARN is the European Livestock Breeds Ark and This funding has led to major achievements: five Rescue Net. The origin of ELBARN lies in rescue workshops took place, a questionnaire has been actions undertaken in Switzerland in the 1980s conducted and a set of breed descriptions, Guide- (see page 26 Booted goats). From these early res- lines and four Area Action Plans have been published. cue actions a vision emerged of a pan-European Alongside this work, the Arca-Net pilot project network to ensure that valuable livestock can be has been expanded from the German-speaking protected from slaughter in times of crisis. Additi- area and combined with the ELBARN project to onally, a pilot project began, in the German-spea- include, at the time of writing, over 420 centres king area of Europe, to create an online ‘guide- in 40 European countries, which makes this a unique book’ of all centres with rare livestock breeds that collection of farms, open air museums, nature are open to the public. This took the form of the reserves, etc., all conserving the traditional breeds Arca-Net website (www.arca-net.info), promo- of their region. ting a network of ‘Ark Centres’. In 2006, these two ideas were combined to create the concept of the Further information and the project’s publications European Livestock Breeds Ark and Rescue Net in can be found on the ELBARN website: a project application to the European Commission. This application was submitted by five non- www.elbarn.net governmental organizations (NGOs) and the pro- ject was chosen for support as a concerted action. 6 2007 2008 2009 2010 Preparation of the Central Workshop, Publication of the List of National Contact project, identifying ELBARN kick off in Kutna ELBARN Guidelines people and potential suitable participants, Hora, Czech Republic Rescue Centres planning the de- tailed work plan Questionnaire Preparation of the Area Workshops in Gent, Publication and Dis- ELBARN Guidelines in- Belgium; Roznov, Czech semination of Area cluding: meetings with Republic; Legnaro, Italy Action Plans and other the OIE, DG SANCO plus and Blagoevgrad, Bul- promotion materials Marketing work group garia; preparation of meetings the Area Action Plans Website: web presence ELBARN, extension of database of pilot project, collection of data, breed descriptions 7 Agrobiodiversity – a crucial part of biodiversity! Agricultural biological diversity (agrobiodiversity) is and pigs with wool to blue potatoes, black toma- everything – from soil bacteria through to cows toes and other curiosities far removed from the and apples, including forests, rivers and wild standardized agriculture that many of us know to- plants – that provides our food, fibre and fuel day. These curiosities are not, however, all extinct! resources. Over thousands of years humans have Many of them live on today, even in Europe. They worked together with natural processes, selecting are kept by enthusiastic hobby farmers or in areas and developing animals and crops to provide food where traditional farming practices still exist. for a growing population. This treasure chest of diversity is not only pretty, This extremely successful enterprise has been the it also contains genetic resources that can pro- basis of all other human endeavours. Agriculture vide us with security in times of uncertainty. As has provided both nutrition and time – time that climatic systems change to become hotter or col- was previously used on hunting, gathering and der, wetter or drier, the vast diversity contained constantly moving in search of new food. The in- within our genetic resources for food and agricul- creased resources allowed humans to invent new ture – agrobiodiversity – will be needed. Animals technological processes, develop ways of orga- that can survive drought or can graze in wetlands nizing communities and resources, to build the whilst still producing high-quality food for human wonders of the world, to think, to travel, to write consumption will be valuable. Low input systems music and books, and create great art. that do not place a further strain on already over- burdened ecosystems are already being rediscove- The great diversity within agriculture was perfectly red and utilized to help protect fragile areas. adapted for the part of the world in which it was utilized. Lambing seasons, nutritional needs, gra- Agrobiodiversity is recognized as a crucial part zing technique, type of hoof – these have all been of biodiversity and is protected by international selected by farmers and evolved by nature to provide agreement, as well as by European regulations the optimal balance between production output and national laws. At present, plant genetic re- and quality of life of both farmer and animal. This sources are more clearly regulated on an interna- harmonious-sounding, low input, culture of mana- tional level than animal resources. This publication ging nature – agriculture – has provided us with a concentrates on the traditional, old-fashioned vast range of animals and plants: from curly-hor- animal breeds included within the range of animal ned sheep and goats, tiger-striped or belted cows, genetic resources. 8 Photo: Wilna Boink-Janssens Dutch Belted (Lakenvelder), an old dairy cattle breed from the Netherlands tracing back directly to the original belted or ‘canvassed’ cattle which were described in Switzerland and Austria. International agreements: Convention on Biodiversity (especially article 2). International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources Food and Agriculture. and the Interlaken Declaration. 9 Agrobiodiversity and nature conservation Without anthropogenic influence through agri- agrobiodiversity conservation. The regional eco- culture, Europe would not have the beautiful and systems worthy of protection can only be preserved rich landscape we see today. The development of in their full diversity with management. Old live- open spaces through crop cultivation and animal stock breeds and cultivated plants, adapted to the husbandry has led to the wide diversity of land- locality, offer a low-cost alternative to elaborate scape
Recommended publications
  • Reading Between the Lines Dane Outreach Has Become Extremely
    Reading Between The Lines (Or, separating fact from fiction) Dane Outreach has become extremely concerned about the large volume of incorrect information unknowledgeable, unethical, or uncaring and unscrupulous breeders* are giving to the potential Dane purchaser about Great Danes. Much of this misinformation is used as a “selling point” by puppy mills and backyard breeders to the uninformed Dane purchaser. The first line of defense for the potential purchaser would be to do their homework and educate themselves on the Great Dane breed. There are many excellent articles at www.gdca, www.DaneOutreach.com and www.ginnie.com on Great Danes. Below are some of the claims commonly used by unethical breeders and correct information for item. Rare or Unusual Colors No such thing! While some of the Great Dane colors may be more common than others, the breed does not have “rare” or “unusual” colors. Dogs labeled “rare” are almost always mismarks, considered a disqualification by the breed standard, cannot be shown, and in general should not be bred. Great Danes come in six recognized colors (fawn, brindle, black, blue, harlequin and mantle) and are divided into five color families (1. fawn/brindle, 2. black out of black breeding, 3. black out of blue breeding, 4. black out of harlequin breeding, 5. harlequin). The Great Dane Club of America is very specific on what color families can and cannot be bred together. Crossing color families can result in “off” or mismarked colors. While these dogs can certainly go on to make excellent pets, the colors are not desired, cannot be shown, never should be bred and should not be considered a desirable trait.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Relationships Among Rare Breeds Of
    A SURVEY OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RARE BREEDS OF SWINE _______________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science _____________________________________________________ by KIZZI ROBERTS Dr. William Lamberson, Thesis Supervisor December 2014 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled A SURVEY OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG RARE BREEDS OF SWINE presented by Kizzi Roberts, a candidate for the degree of master of science and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor William Lamberson Professor Timothy Safranski Professor Matthew Gompper Thanks Mom and Dad. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge and thank my advisor Dr. Bill Lamberson for all of his help and support over the years as I worked toward completing my degree. I could not have asked for a better mentor and professor. A big thank you to my committee members Dr. Tim Safranski and Dr. Matthew Gompper for their support and patience as I worked toward finishing my thesis. I appreciate their willingness to work with me and their contributions toward helping me complete this process. I would also like to thank Tasia Taxis, my fellow graduate student, for all of her support and guidance during this process. Thank you to Cinda Hudlow for being an outstanding resource for all things related to graduate
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
    The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent de la part de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican de parte de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto de la delimitación de sus fronteras o límites. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and the extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Information Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. Tous droits réservés. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite, mise en mémoire dans un système de recherche documentaire ni transmise sous quelque forme ou par quelque procédé que ce soit: électronique, mécanique, par photocopie ou autre, sans autorisation préalable du détenteur des droits d’auteur.
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Orloff Chicken They Are Somewhat Rare in the U.S
    Volume 8, Number 1 Backyard February/March 2013 PoultryDedicated to more and better small-flock poultry Think Like a Chicken Understanding Bird Talk Pg.26 From Russia with Love: The Russian Orloff Pg. 62 The Sex-link Chicken: Clarifying Crossbreeds Pg.58 Backyard Poultry FP 2-12 security:Mother Earth 4.5 x7 2/15/12 9:34 AM Page 1 RANDALL BURKEY COMPANY COYOTES Quality Products since 1947 menacing to your Free Catalog • 800-531-1097 • randallburkey.com livestock, pets or poultry? SATISFACTION GUARANTEED or your money back! $ 95 ––––––––––––––19 SUPER LOW PRICE –––––––––––––– Protection Against Night Time Predator Animals FREE SHIPPING On orders of 4 Nite Guard Solar® has been proven effective in repelling lights or more. predator animals through overwhelming evidence from –––––––––––––– testing by the company and tens of thousands of users. PROMO CODE 4FREE Nite Guard Solar attacks the deepest most primal fear of night animals – that of being discovered. The simple but effective fact is that a flash of light is sensed as an eye and becomes a threat immediately to the most ferocious night animals. Mount the units eye level to the predator FOLLOW US ON FACE BOOK If protection is needed in all four directions, four www.facebook.com/niteguardllc of the units are needed. .................. EVERYTHING FAMILY OWNED AND OPERATED SINCE 1997. .................. See How It Works @ www.niteguard.com SCAN TO WATCH VIDEO 1.800.328.6647 • PO Box 274 • Princeton MN 55371 CHICKEN Backyard Poultry FP 2-12 security:Mother Earth 4.5 x7 2/15/12 9:34 AM Page 1 RANDALL BURKEY COMPANY COYOTES Quality Products since 1947 menacing to your Free Catalog • 800-531-1097 • randallburkey.com livestock, pets or poultry? GUARANTEED $ 95 ––––––––––––––19 SUPER LOW PRICE –––––––––––––– FREE SHIPPING On orders of 4 lights or more.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Cryopreservation of Rare Breeds of Domesticated North American Livestock: Smithsonian & SVF Biodiversity Preservatio
    diversity Communication Genetic Cryopreservation of Rare Breeds of Domesticated North American Livestock: Smithsonian & SVF Biodiversity Preservation Project Sarah C. Bowley 1,2,*, Pierre Comizzoli 3, Kevin A. Lindell 1,2, David J. Matsas 1,2 and Eugene C. White 1,2 1 SVF Foundation, 152 Harrison Ave., Newport, RI 02840, USA; [email protected] (K.A.L.); [email protected] (D.J.M.); [email protected] (E.C.W.) 2 Department of Environmental and Population Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA 3 Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute National Zoological Park, P.O. Box 37012, MRC 5502, Washington, WA 20013-7012, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: sarah@svffoundation.org; Tel.: +14-016-395-175; Fax: +14-018-485-515 Received: 17 September 2019; Accepted: 16 October 2019; Published: 18 October 2019 Abstract: Modern agriculture has responded to the growing pressure for animal-protein consumption in the global human population by selecting for specific production traits, which, over the last fifty years, has resulted in a loss of genetic diversity. Most rare and endangered breeds of livestock have not experienced the same selection pressures for production and therefore may contain useful genetic traits not found within modern breeds. In an effort to maintain biodiversity of livestock breeds, the SVF Foundation, a non-profit organization founded to preserve the genetic diversity of food and fiber livestock, has established an ex situ repository of genetic material from endangered North American cattle, sheep, and goats. This genetic material includes in vivo and in vitro produced embryos, semen, fibroblasts, serum, and whole blood DNA cards.
    [Show full text]
  • Ireland's Rare Breeds
    IRELAND’S RARE BREEDS A CASE STUDY Ireland’s Rare Breeds What are Rare Breeds? Rare breeds are a breed of livestock or poultry that have a very small breeding population left. Due to their small population numbers, the conservation status of the rare breed can be identified as high. Organisations have been/ are set up devoted to the conservation of these rare breeds, protecting and promoting the breed to help save it from extinction. Some indigenous, native or rare breeds associated to old Ireland are: Equines (Horses), such as the Connemara Pony, the Kerry Bog Pony and the Irish Draught; Bovines (Cattle), such as the Irish Moiled cattle, Kerry Cattle and Dexters; Ovines (Sheep), such as the Galway Sheep. How do these breeds become rare? After the war Ireland’s farmers sought to become more efficient in their farming practices. New breeds were introduced at the expense of Irish indigenous (native) stock. Farmers became aware that with the introduction of more profitable/ efficient breeds – e.g. the Holstein-Friesian – that native breeds such as the Irish Moiled became undisputedly viewed as a highly unprofitable breed in comparison to the high milk yield of the Holstein-Friesian. The introduction of ‘selective breeding’ during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries improved the genetic characteristics of animals, such as their weight, milk yield, leanness and speed of maturity in order to improve profit. As a result of this, many Irish breeds became extinct and only a few native breeds remain today. Animal breeds that were native to old Ireland and have become extinct are: Ulster Large White Pig unsuitable for live transport.
    [Show full text]
  • Prioritising Support for Cost Effective Rare Breed Conservation Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis
    Edinburgh Research Explorer Prioritising support for cost effective rare breed conservation using multi-criteria decision analysis Citation for published version: Wainwright, W, Ahmadi, B, McVittie, A, Simm, G & Moran, D 2019, 'Prioritising support for cost effective rare breed conservation using multi-criteria decision analysis', Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00110 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.3389/fevo.2019.00110 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Publisher Rights Statement: Copyright © 2019 Wainwright, Vosough Ahmadi, Mcvittie, Simm and Moran. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Old Irish Goat Flyer
    Acknowledgements The The Old Irish Goat Society gratefully acknowledges the Old Irish Goat The Old Irish Goat, Mulranny, Co Mayo. support and assistance toward research and conservation of the Old Irish Goat provided by the following: . Gift of Hands - Mulranny . Essence of Mulranny Studio . Rescue & Conservation of Endangered Breeds Utah, USA . The Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine Agricultural Genetic Resources Committee . South West Mayo Development Company . Mayo, Galway and Longford County Councils . The Heritage Council . The Smurfit Genetic Institute, Trinity College Dublin . Weatherbys DNA Laboratory The Old Irish Goat, Mulranny, County Mayo. Poulnabrone Portal Dolman, the Burren, County Clare. University College Dublin Known historically as “the poor man’s cow”, the goat was, . The Natural Museums of Dublin, London, Scotland, What is an Old Irish Goat? by virtue of its hardiness, a crucial component of Ireland’s Wales and the Isle of Man The Old Irish Goat is Ireland’s indigenous, landrace breed of past farming and rural life. Indeed, this breed ensured the . The American Ireland Fund goat. The term “landrace” refers here to the fact that the survival of Ireland's earliest settlers and whole village . The Western People breed has been naturally shaped by the Irish landscape and communities, it also helped some families stave of starvation climate since its arrival, approximately 5,000 years ago, in Text by Seán Carolan, Ray Werner and Maeve Foran when potato crops repeatedly failed. The Old Irish Goat is the Neolithic Age. This has resulted in a highly adapted, cold Image acknowledgements as per appearance deservedly celebrated in Irish folklore, tradition, paintings weather, small and stocky goat with short, strong legs and a Cover, 17.
    [Show full text]
  • Submission to Cap Strategy on Behalf of the Irish Rare Breeds Society Clg
    SUBMISSION TO CAP STRATEGY ON BEHALF OF THE IRISH RARE BREEDS SOCIETY CLG. The objective of the IRBS is to preserve rare breeds that are true to type with a pure genetic pool. Irish Rare domestic Breeds represent an opportunity to achieve many of the existing draft proposals: The current draft proposals will focus on nine specific objectives; 1. support viable farm income and resilience across the EU territory to enhance food security; 2. enhance market orientation and increase competitiveness including greater focus on research, technology and digitalisation; 3. Improve farmers' position in the value chain; 4. Contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as sustainable energy; 5. Foster sustainable development and efficient management of natural resources such as water, soil and air; 6. Contribute to the protection of biodiversity, enhance ecosystem services and preserve habitats and landscapes; 7. Attract young farmers and facilitate business development in rural areas; 8. Promote employment, growth, social inclusion and local development in rural areas, including bio-economy and sustainable forestry; 9. Improve the response of EU agriculture to societal demands on food and health, including safe, nutritious and sustainable food, as well as animal welfare. Native Irish domestic Rare Breeds are uniquely placed to facilitate these goals. They represent an important part of our economic and social history. They are an invaluable heritage not simply a commodity to be marketed in the same way as entirely commercial breeds. Today traditional farming practices have been undergoing rapid change with increasing emphasis on larger farms and intensive commercial options. However Ireland should have a lot more to offer.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
    i CONTENTS EDITORIAL ........................................................................................................................................... iii GUIDE TO CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................................................................ v RUMINANT LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCES IN CYPRUS A. Constantinou ..................................................................................................................................... 1 THE NATIVE PIG OF SRI LANKA R. Rajamahendran, V. Ravindran, L.A. Goonewardene, P. Sahaayaruban and A.S.B. Rajaguru ............. 9 THE BARROSO CATTLE OF GUATEMALA R. A. Melgar, Romeo Solano and Jorge De Alba ................................................................................. 15 HUNGARIAN ACTIVITIES ON THE CONSERVATION OF DOMESTIC ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES Imre Bodó ............................................................................................................................................ 19 PRESERVATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF ONGOLE CATTLE Mullapudi Narendra Nath ..................................................................................................................... 27 THE CONSERVATION OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN GREAT BRITAIN Lawrence Alderson .............................................................................................................................. 31 NEWS ITEMS .....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genetic Analysis of White Park Cattle in Germany
    Archiv Tierzucht 52 (2009) 6, 561-573, ISSN 0003-9438 © Research Institute for the Biology of Farm Animals (FBN) Dummerstorf, Germany Population genetic analysis of White Park Cattle in Germany GÜNTER BIEDERMANN1, WERNER HECHT2, EIKE FANDREY3, HEIKE RUDOLPH3 and KAI FRÖLICH3 1Witzenhausen; former: Department of Animal Breeding, University of Kassel, Germany, 2Department of Veterinary- Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany, 3Arche Warder, Zentrum für alte Haus- und Nutztierrassen e. V., Warder, Germany Abstract The population of White Park Cattle in Germany is composed of 11 males and 33 females. This group of cattle has been analysed with regards to generation intervals, coancestry, and inbreeding on the basis of three generations of ancestors. The average interval between the current and the parental generation amounts to seven years. The average coefficient of coancestry in the population is estimated to be 18 % and the average degree of inbreeding at 16 %. The rate of inbreeding in the last generation is approximately 12 %. These values exceed those reported for most breeds of production animals. Keywords: White Park Cattle, generation interval, relationship, inbreeding, rate of inbreeding Zusammenfassung Populationsgenetische Analyse der White Park Cattle-Population in Deutschland Die aus 11 männlichen und 33 weiblichen Tieren bestehende White Park Cattle-Population in Deutschland wurde auf der Basis von drei Vorfahrengenerationen hinsichtlich ihrer Generationsintervalle sowie der Verwandtschafts- und Inzuchtverhältnisse untersucht. Das durchschnittliche Generationsintervall zwischen der aktuellen und ihrer Elterngeneration beträgt annähernd sieben Jahre. Der mittlere Verwandtschaftskoeffizient wurde mit 18 %, der mittlere Inzuchtkoeffizient mit 16 % geschätzt. Mit der aktuellen Generation stieg die Inzucht um ca. 12 % an. Diese Werte liegen weit über jenen, die von anderen Nutztierrassen bekannt sind.
    [Show full text]
  • Tom Davis Farm Manager, Mudchute Park and Farm
    The Green Park Grazing Week Interview with Tom Davis Farm Manager, Mudchute Park and Farm About Tom Tom Davis oversees care of the animals and the park and open spaces at Mudchute Park and Farm in Tower Hamlets - one of the largest inner city farms in Europe. The farm, which operates as a charity, receives over 80,000 visitors per year, of which 15- 20,000 are school children from schools across London. Mudchute is London’s only Rare Breed Survival Trust approved conservation centre. Tom grew up in South London, and despite his city upbringing had a passion for animals and farming from a young age. He now specialises in rare and native breeds of farm livestock, travelling the country as a judge at agricultural shows. For the last three years Tom has been bringing his livestock to The Green Park annually as part of Mission: Invertebrate’s Grazing Trial, which aims to increase biodiversity in The Green Park wildflower meadow through rare breed grazing. How did you first get involved with The Green Park Grazing Week? My involvement was sparked by a conversation that took place during the planting of The Queen’s Meadow in The Green Park. It was a chat between myself, Mike Turner (Assistant Park Manager at The Royal Parks) and the CEO of the Rare Breeds Survival Trust. Mike said how nice it would be to manage the meadows in the parks by having rare and native breeds graze them and I offered to help out! What makes rare breeds so special and how is rare breed farming different? The major factor that sets rare and native breeds apart from the commercial and continental breeds of farm livestock is the fact they have been created and developed on, in and around the many different landscapes of the UK.
    [Show full text]