diversity Review Organization and Management of Conservation Programs and Research in Domestic Animal Genetic Resources Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo 1 , María Amparo Martínez Martínez 2 , Guadalupe Rodríguez Galván 3, Angélika Stemmer 4, Francisco Javier Navas González 1,* and María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo 5 1 Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, RBI/CONBIAND, University of Córdoba, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
[email protected] 2 Animal Breeding Consulting, S.L., Córdoba Science and Technology Park Rabanales 21, 14014 Córdoba, Spain;
[email protected] 3 Institute of Indigenous Studies, Autonomous University of Chiapas, 29264 San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico;
[email protected] 4 Faculty of Agricultural Science and Livestock, San Simon Major University, Cochabamba, Bolivia;
[email protected] 5 Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, 14005 Córdoba, Spain;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +34-651-679-262 Received: 20 October 2019; Accepted: 2 December 2019; Published: 6 December 2019 Abstract: Creating national committees for domestic animal genetic resources within genetic resource national commissions is recommended to organize in situ and ex situ conservation initiatives. In situ conservation is a high priority because it retains traditional zootechnical contexts and locations to ensure the long-term survival of breeds. In situ actions can be based on subsidies, technical support, structure creation, or trademark definition. Provisional or permanent relocation of breeds may prevent immediate extinction when catastrophes, epizootics, or social conflicts compromise in situ conservation. Ex situ in vivo (animal preservation in rescue or quarantine centers) and in vitro methods (germplasm, tissues/cells, DNA/genes storage) are also potential options.