COURSE GUIDE INR 482 RUSSIA in WORLD POLITICS Course Team
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Dear Delegates, Congratulations on Being Selected to the Kremlin, One of VMUN's Most Advanced Committees. My Name Is Harrison
Dear Delegates, Congratulations on being selected to the Kremlin, one of VMUN’s most advanced committees. My name is Harrison Ritchie, and I will be your director for this year’s conference. I have been involved in MUN since Grade 10, and have thoroughly enjoyed every conference that I have attended. This year’s Kremlin will be a historical crisis committee. In February, you will all be transported to the October of 1988, where you will be taking on the roles of prominent members of either the Soviet Politburo or Cabinet of Ministers. As powerful Soviet officials, you will be debating the fall of the Soviet Union, or, rather, how to keep the Union together in such a tumultuous time. In the Soviet Union’s twilight years, a ideological divide began to emerge within the upper levels of government. Two distinct blocs formed out of this divide: the hardliners, who wished to see a return to totalitarian Stalinist rule, and the reformers, who wished to progress to a more democratic Union. At VMUN, delegates will hold the power to change the course of history. By exacting your influence upon your peers, you will gain valuable allies and make dangerous enemies. There is no doubt that keeping the Union together will be no easy task, and there are many issues to address over the coming three days, but I hope that you will be thoroughly engrossed in the twilight years of one of the world’s greatest superpower and find VMUN an overall fulfilling experience. Good luck in your research, and as always, if you have any questions, feel free to contact me before the conference. -
Conde, Jonathan (2018) an Examination of Lithuania's Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation
Conde, Jonathan (2018) An Examination of Lithuania’s Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation. Masters thesis, York St John University. Downloaded from: http://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/3522/ Research at York St John (RaY) is an institutional repository. It supports the principles of open access by making the research outputs of the University available in digital form. Copyright of the items stored in RaY reside with the authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full text items free of charge, and may download a copy for private study or non-commercial research. For further reuse terms, see licence terms governing individual outputs. Institutional Repository Policy Statement RaY Research at the University of York St John For more information please contact RaY at [email protected] An Examination of Lithuania’s Partisan War Versus the Soviet Union and Attempts to Resist Sovietisation. Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Research MA History at York St John University School of Humanities, Religion & Philosophy by Jonathan William Conde Student Number: 090002177 April 2018 I confirm that the work submitted is my own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the works of others. This copy has been submitted on the understanding that it is copyright material. Any reuse must comply with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and any licence under which this copy is released. @2018 York St John University and Jonathan William Conde The right of Jonathan William Conde to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Acknowledgments My gratitude for assisting with this project must go to my wife, her parents, wider family, and friends in Lithuania, and all the people of interest who I interviewed between the autumn of 2014 and winter 2017. -
Supreme Soviet Investigation of the 1991 Coup the Suppressed Transcripts
Supreme Soviet Investigation of the 1991 Coup The Suppressed Transcripts: Part 3 Hearings "About the Illegal Financia) Activity of the CPSU" Editor 's Introduction At the birth of the independent Russian Federation, the country's most pro-Western reformers looked to the West to help fund economic reforms and social safety nets for those most vulnerable to the change. However, unlike the nomenklatura and party bureaucrats who remained positioned to administer huge aid infusions, these reformers were skeptical about multibillion-dollar Western loans and credits. Instead, they wanted the West to help them with a different source of money: the gold, platinum, diamonds, and billions of dollars in hard currency the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and KGB intelligence service laundered abroad in the last years of perestroika. Paradoxically, Western governments generously supplied the loans and credits, but did next to nothing to support the small band of reformers who sought the return of fortunes-estimated in the tens of billions of dollars- stolen by the Soviet leadership. Meanwhile, as some in the West have chronicled, the nomenklatura and other functionaries who remained in positions of power used the massive infusion of Western aid to enrich themselves-and impoverish the nation-further. In late 1995, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development concluded that Russian officials had stolen $45 billion in Western aid and deposited the money abroad. Radical reformers in the Russian Federation Supreme Soviet, the parliament that served until its building was destroyed on President Boris Yeltsin's orders in October 1993, were aware of this mass theft from the beginning and conducted their own investigation as part of the only public probe into the causes and circumstances of the 1991 coup attempt against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev. -
Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
REVISTA ROMÂNĂ De STUDII ELECTORALE
Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă REVISTA ROMÂNĂ de STUDII ELECTORALE Vol. VI, nr. 2, 2018 Revista Română de Studii Electorale Publicaţie bianuală editată de Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă (continuă Revista Expert Electoral) ISSN (print): 2601-8454 ISSN (L): 2601-8454 Consiliul știinţific: Rafael López-Pintor Paul DeGregorio – Universitatea Autonomă din Madrid Pierre Garrone – Asociaţia Mondială a Organismelor Electorale Robert Krimmer – Comisia de la Veneţia Toby James – Ragnar Nurkse School of Innovation and Governance, Tallinn University of Technology Ştefan Deaconu – School of Politics, Philosophy, Language and Communication Studies, University of East Anglia Sergiu Mişcoiu – Universitatea din Bucureşti Daniel Barbu – Facultatea de Studii Europene, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai Marian Muhuleţ – Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă, Universitatea din București Zsombor Vajda – Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă Constantin-Florin Mituleţu-Buică – Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă – Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă Consiliul redacţional: Alexandru Radu Daniel Duţă – director editorial Andrada-Maria Mateescu – redactor-șef Bogdan Fartușnic – redactor-șef adjunct Octavian Mircea Chesaru Camelia Runceanu Realizat la Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă Str. Stavropoleos nr. 6, sector 3, Bucureşti [email protected]; [email protected] Tel/Fax: (021)310.13.86 www.roaep.ro CUPRINS Daniel BARBU – Regim şi scrutin. Cum au cristalizat alegerile din 2004 sistemul politic românesc Alexandru ...................................................................................................................................................................... -
Russia's Economic Resurgence
A DIFFERENT COUNTRY RUSSIA’S ECONOMIC RESURGENCE LÚCIO VINHAS DE SOUZA CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES BRUSSELS The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) is an independent policy research institute based in Brussels. Its mission is to produce sound analytical research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges facing Europe today. CEPS Paperbacks present analysis and views by leading experts on important questions in the arena of European public policy, written in a style geared to an informed but generalist readership. The author, Lúcio Vinhas de Souza, is the official responsible for Russia at the Directorate–General for Economic and Financial Affairs of the European Commission. The views expressed in this report are those of the author writing in a personal capacity and do not necessarily reflect those of CEPS, the European Commission or any other institution with which he is associated. Cover photo: Construction site in Moscow, September 2007 ISBN 13: 978-92-9079-767-8 © Copyright 2008, Centre for European Policy Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the Centre for European Policy Studies. Centre for European Policy Studies Place du Congrès 1, B-1000 Brussels Tel: 32 (0) 2 229.39.11 Fax: 32 (0) 2 219.41.51 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ceps.eu CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................................. -
Portrait of a Neo-Stalinist: Annex to CAESAR
I APPROVED FOR RELEASE DATE: JUN 2007 DIRECTORATE OF INTELLIGENCE Intelligence Report HR70-14 (U) Anntx To CAESAR XXXlX (Andrey Ki&nko and the Soviet PoIitiGdl Sd) (IRejkm Titk: WARXL) I I June 1971 PORTRAIT OF A NEO-STALINIST ANNEX TO CAESAR XXXIX (ANDREY KIRILENKO AND THE SOVIET POLITICAL SUCCESSION) MEMORANDUM TO RECIPIENTS: This Annex to CAESAR XXXIX (March 1971) traces the rise of a tough apparatchik, Andrey Kirilenko, to a top position within the Soviet system. Although the Annex is published especially for those interested in the Soviet leadership question in some depth, the general reader will find profit in the patterns -- of leadership style, policy, and proteges -- which continue to produce more Stalins than Khrushchevs. The analysis and judgments of this Annex are consistent with those of CAESAR XXXIX, and have simi- larly met general agreement among Soviet specialists within the Central Intelligence Agency. Comments on this Annex are welcome, and should be addressed to its author, Mr. Albert L. Salter, of this Staff. Hal Ford Chief, DD/I Special Research Staff PORTRAIT OF A NEO-STALINIST Contents Page A NOTE ON SOURCES PREVIEW.. .3 I. CASE STUDY OF A NEO-STALINIST ON THE RISE. .7 A. Learning the Ropes: In the Ukraine (1938-55) . .8 B. Joining the Fray: The Sverdlovsk Years (1956-62) . 17 C. In Khrushchev's Service: The RSFSR Bureau (1962-64) . 22 C. In Brezhnev's Service: The RSFSR Bureau (1964-66) . 35 11. KIRILENKO'S CAREER As DEPUTY GENERAL SECRETARY.47 A. Sharing Power with Brezhnev's Rivals . 50 B. Toward "Second in Command" Status. -
Pa Vei Mot Av-Leninisering?
f'orsvarsstudier 4/1989 Pa vei mot av-leninisering? Sovjetisk lhlistoroerevosjon under Gorlbatsjov Pal Kolstg Institutt for forsvarss!udier (IFS) Tollbug!. 10, 0152 Oslo I, Norge INSTITUTT FOR FORSVARSSTUDIER- IFS - (tidligere Forsvarshistorisk forskningssenter) er en faglig uavhengig institusjon som driver forskning med et samtidshistorisk perspektiv innenfor omnidene norsk forsvars- og sikker hetspolitikk, Sovjetstudier og strategiske studier. IFS er administrativt tilknyttet Forsvarets hogskole, og virksomheten st;:1r under tilsyn av Rt'tdet for forsvars studier med representasjon fra Forsvarets overkommando, Forsvarsdeparte mentet, Forsvarets hogskole og Universitetet i Oslo. Forskningssjef: professor Olav Riste FORSVARSSTUDIER tar sikte pa ii vrere et forum for forskningsarbeider innenfor institusjonens arbeidsomnider. De synspunkter sam kornrner til ut trykk i Forsvarsstudier star for forfatterens egen regning. Hel eller delvis gjengivelse av innholdet kan bare skje med forfatterens samtykke. Redaktor: Ro[f Tamnes INSTITUTT FOR FORSVARSSTUDIER - IFS - NORWEGIAN INSTI TUTE FOR DEFENCE STUDIES (formerly Forsvarshistorisk forskoingssen ter - Research Centre for Defence History) conducts independent research from a contemporary history perspective on defence and security issues, Soviet studies, and strategic studies. lFS is administratively attached to the National Defence College, and its activities are supervised by the Council for Defence Studies, composed of representatives from the Defence Command, the Mi nistry of Defence, the National Defence College, and the University of Oslo. Director: Professor Olm• Riste, D. Phil. (Omn) FORSVARSSTUDIER - Defence Studies - aims lo provide a forum lor re search papers within the fields of activity of the Nonvegian Institute for De fence Studies. The viewpoints expressed are those of the authors. The author's permission is required for any reproduction, wholly or in part, of the contents. -
The Democratic Russia Movement: Myths and Reality
The Democratic Russia Movement: Myths and Reality LEV PONOMAREV It is common knowledge that the Democratic Russia Movement has become the first political organization able to unite the democratic forces in Russia, and thus challenge in an efficient way the political monopoly of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). However, the political and economic crises in the country have affected the success of this large organization. Cracks in its unity have appeared, as well as threats of defection from many of its remaining constituent groups. These visible shortcomings have been taking place amid constructive and unifying processes which, though less apparent, are of great importance for the democratic process in Russia. Unfortunately, as is the case in most other countries, the sensationalist free press reports more readily on the foibles than on the merits, which is why a distorted, peculiar mythology towards Democratic Russia has been gradually developing in the population at large. This article will comment on some of these myths and clarify the position of the Move- ment in a number of key problems. Myth One: Democratic Russia has split , disappeared, died. Democratic Russia was legalized and received its narre at its Constituent Congress in the autumn of 1990. The goal of this Congress was to unite all the democratic anticommunist organizations, groups and groupings which had appeared in 1988-89 in preparation for the elections to the Congresses of People's Deputies of the USSR and of the Russian Federated Republic (RSFSR). Among these groups it is worth mentioning the clubs and associations of voters (the Moscow Association of Voters, the club of voters at the USSR Academy of Sciences, and regional clubs of voters), regional people's fronts (Moscow, Ivanovo, the Moscow club "Perestroika"), as well support groups for individual people's deputies such as Boris Yeltsin, Andrei Sakharov, Telman Gdlyan-some of which become numerous enough to become real movements. -
The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Part 1) Introduction
IntroductionKramer SPECIAL ISSUE: The Collapse of the Soviet Union (Part 1) Introduction ✣ The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 was remarkable because it occurred so suddenly and with so little violence, especially in Russia itself. Even now, more than a decade after the fact, the abrupt and largely peaceful end of Communist rule in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union seems nearly miraculous. History offers no previous instances in which revolutionary polit- ical and social change of this magnitude transpired with almost no violence. When large, multiethnic empires disintegrated in the past, their demise usu- ally came after extensive warfare and bloodshed.1 As late as mid-August 1991, just before an attempted coup d’état in Moscow, few if any observers expected that the Soviet Communist regime—and the Soviet state as a whole—would simply dissolve in a nonviolent manner. Many long-standing Western theo- ries of revolution and political change will have to be revised to take account of the largely peaceful upheavals that culminated in the breakup of the Soviet Union. Despite the enormous signiªcance of the Soviet collapse, Western schol- ars have not yet adequately explained why and how it occurred. Although a plethora of articles and books on the subject have been published over the past eleven years, the cumulative results of this research have been modest.2 The basic chronology of events from 1985 through 1991 is well-known, but the details of many crucial episodes (such as the failed coup of August 1991) are as murky as ever. There has not yet been a systematic, in-depth assessment 1. -
Moscow, 18 and 19 February 1993 CDL-STD(1993)004 Or Engl
Moscow, 18 and 19 February 1993 CDL-STD(1993)004 Or Engl Science and technique of democracy no. 4 EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) TRANSITION TO A NEW MODEL OF ECONOMY AND ITS CONSTITUTIONAL REFLECTIONS Proceedings of the UniDem Seminar organised in Moscow on 18-19 February 1993 in co-operation with the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, Moscow State University, the Constitutional Court of Russia, the Constitutional Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Parliamentary Centre of the Supreme Soviet of Russia TABLE OF CONTENTS OPENING SESSION ....................................................................................................................................................3 OPENING STATEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................3 a.The constitutional basis of the economic order - Report by Professor Jorge Miranda, Lisbon University.........................................................................................................................................6 b.The legal dimensions of the economic model in the present Constitution of the Russian Federation and in the new draft Constitution - Y.A Danilov, Constitutional Commission of the Russian Federation...........................................................................................19 c.The constitutional basis of the drawing up of laws in the economic field - Summary of the report by Professor Y.A. Tikhomirov, -
Operasjonen Var Mislykket, Men Pasienten Överlevde. Den Siste Sovjetiske Alkohol Kampanjen Og Dens Blandede Ettermaele
Operasjonen var mislykket, men pasienten överlevde. Den siste sovjetiske alkohol kampanjen og dens blandede ettermaele AV THERESE C. REITAN "The campaign was a clear failure at all levels" (Sakwa 1990:272) ”During the period of Perestroika, in 1985-87, an anti-alcohol campaign sub stantially reduced alcohol consumption, saving many lives " (Chen et ah 1996:521) Mikhail Gorbatsjovs navn er uloselig förbundet med begrepeneglasnost og perestroika, og vil alltid huskes for at han satt ved makten da Sovjetunionen gikk i opplosning og den kalde krigen ble forvist til historien. Det er antagelig mindre kjent at Gorbatsjov startet sin regjeringstid med å erkläre en varm krig mot alkoholen i mai 1985. Alkoholkampanjen, eller rettere sagt anti-alkohol- kampanjen, var således hans forste reformforsok og kan ses som en viktig del av det overordnedeperestroika- initiativet (Ivanets & Lukomskaya 1990:246; Tarschys 1993:7). For å omstrukturere en stagnerende okonomi måtte pro duktiviteten okes, hvilket igjen krevde tiltak mot drukkenskap og hoyt alko- holforbruk. Den politiske betydningen av kampen mot alkohol på 1980-tallet var kanskje enda tydeligere i Polen der alkoholproblemet ble en viktig del av frigjoringskampen og Solidaritetsbevegelsen. Makthaverne ble beskyldt for å helle alkohol ned strupene på folk i håp om å doyve misnoyen og maksimere skatteinntektene (Moskalewicz & Zielinski 1995). Fra vår egen historie kjen- ner vi jo også igjen avholdssaken som mobiliseringstema i arbeiderbevegelsen og den naere koblingen mellom disse to folkebevegelsene. Ved Arbeiderpartiets landsmote i 1911 uttalte et overveldende flertall av delegatene at bekjempel- sen av drikkeondet var en avgjorende betingelse for arbeiderklassens reisning Therese C. Reitan har doktorgrad i statsvitens kap fra Universitetet i Bergen og jobber som lektor og forsker ved Södertörns högskola.