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Greenland 2018 GLOBAL INDEX BY SEVERITY

Iceland Finland Russian Federation Sweden Canada Norway United Denmark Kingdom Neth. Poland Ireland Germany Bel. Lux. Czech Rep. Slovak Rep. France Austria Hungary Switz. Slov. Italy Bos.& Herz. Mont. Kyrgyz Rep. United States Spain Mace. Azerb. Japan South Korea of America Portugal Greece Cyprus Extremely alarming 50.0 ≤ Israel Alarming 35.0–49.9 Bhutan Bahrain Serious 20.0–34.9 Libya Taiwan Saudi Qatar Moderate 10.0–19.9 Western Sahara Arabia U.A.E Hong Kong Lao Low ≤ 9.9 Dominican Rep. PDR Belize Insufficent data, significant concern* Eritrea Insufficient data Chad Gambia Not calculated** -Bissau Trinidad & Tobago Guinea Viet Nam *See Box 2.1 for details Côte **See Chapter 1 for details Central South d'Ivoire African Sudan Brunei French Guiana Republic Equatorial Guinea Congo, Singapore Papua Rep. Source: Authors. Congo, New Dem. Guinea Note: For the 2018 GHI, data on the proportion of under- Rep. ­nourished are for 2015–2017; data on child stunting and wasting are for the latest year in the period 2013– Timor-Leste 2017 for which data are available; and data on child mortality are for 2016. GHI scores were not calculated for countries for which data were not available and for certain countries with small populations. The boundaries and names shown and the designa- tions used on this map do not imply official endorse- Swaziland Australia ment or acceptance by Welthungerhilfe (WHH) or Con- South cern Worldwide. Africa Recommended citation: “Figure 2.4: 2018 Global Extremely alarming 50.0 ≤ Hunger Index by Severity.” Map in 2018 Global Hun- Alarming 35.0–49.9 ger Index: Forced Migration and Hunger, by K. von Grebmer, J. Bernstein, L. Hammond, F. Patterson, Serious 20.0–34.9 A. Sonntag, L. Klaus, J. Fahlbusch, O. Towey, C. Foley, Moderate 10.0–19.9 53.7 S. Gitter, K. Ekstrom, and H. Fritschel. 2018. Bonn and Dublin: Welthungerhilfe and Concern Worldwide. Low ≤ 9.9 New Zealand 45.4 Insufficent data, significant concern* 43.5 39.7

Insufficient data 38.0 37.6 35.7 35.4 34.8 34.3 34.2 34.0 33.3

Not calculated** 32.9 32.6 31.2 31.1 31.1 30.9 30.8 30.4 30.4 30.1 29.7 29.5 29.5 29.1 29.1 28.9

*See Box 2.1 for details 28.7 27.8 27.7 27.3 26.5

**See Chapter 1 for details 26.1 25.9 25.5 25.3 24.3 24.3 24.3 23.7 23.7 23.2 22.5 22.1 22.3 21.9 21.2 21.1 20.8 20.2 20.1 17.9 17.2 16.7 16.0 15.4 15.2 14.8 14.5 14.4 13.6 13.3 12.6 12.6 12.2 12.2 12.1 11.8 11.7 11.4 11.2 11.0 10.8 10.4 10.4 10.3 10.2 10.1 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.1 9.0 8.8 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.1 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.3 6.5 6.5 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.0 5.0 Fiji Iran Iraq Mali Peru Togo Haiti India Chad Niger Egypt Brazil China Oman Nepal Benin Kenya Serbia Sudan Ghana Gabon Jordan Angola Yemen Bolivia Algeria Liberia Mexico Malawi Guinea Nigeria Tunisia Guyana Zambia Georgia Albania Uganda Gambia Lesotho Senegal Djibouti Rwanda Panama Jamaica Ecuador Armenia Ethiopia Bulgaria Morocco Namibia Comoros Pakistan Lebanon Malaysia Thailand Lao PDR Tanzania Republic Paraguay Mongolia Myanmar Viet Nam Colombia Mauritius Sri Lanka Suriname Honduras Botswana Argentina Indonesia Cameroon Cambodia Nicaragua Venezuela Swaziland Zimbabwe Guatemala Mauritania Uzbekistan Philippines El Salvador Kazakhstan Bangladesh Timor- Leste Madagascar Afghanistan North Korea Congo, Rep. Côte d'Ivoire Sierra Leone Mozambique Burkina Faso Turkmenistan Guinea- Bissau Central African Kyrgyz Republic Slovak Republic Macedonia, FYR Trinidad & Tobago Papua New Guinea Russian Federation CONCEPT OF THE GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX

The Global Hunger Index (GHI) is based on four component indicators: The Global Hunger Index goes beyond dietary energy availability to reflect the multidimensional causes and manifestations of hunger. Inequitable resource allo- >> UNDERNOURISHMENT: the proportion of undernourished people as a percent- cations between households and within households are also taken into consid- age of the population (reflecting the share of the population with insufficient eration since the latter affect the physical well-being of children. Sufficient food caloric intake); availability at the household level does not guarantee that all members benefit from it in equal measure. The GHI varies between the best possible score of 0 >> CHILD WASTING: the proportion of children younger than age five who suffer and the worst possible score of 100. Higher scores indicate greater hunger—the from wasting (low weight-for-height, reflecting acute undernutrition); lower the score, the better the country’s situation. GHI scores at or above 20 are considered ; scores of 35 or greater are ; and scores of 50 or >> CHILD STUNTING: the proportion of children younger than age five who are serious alarming stunted (low height-for-age, reflecting chronic undernutrition); and higher are extremely alarming. The GHI is calculated for countries where data on all four component indica- >> : the mortality rate of children younger than age five (partially tors are available and measuring hunger is most relevant. Most higher-income reflecting the fatal synergy of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments). countries are not included because the indicators used to calculate the GHI are best suited to reflect the hunger and nutrition circumstances in low- and middle- Combining the proportion of undernourished in the population with the indica- income countries, and because many of these data are not collected regularly for tors relating to children under age five ensures that both the food supply situ- higher-income countries. In addition, GHI scores are not calculated for certain ation of the population as a whole and the effects of inadequate nutrition on countries with small populations or for certain non-independent entities or territories. a physiologically very vulnerable group are captured. Children’s nutritional sta- tus deserves particular attention because a deficiency of nutrients places them For more information, visit www.globalhungerindex.org, www.welthungerhilfe.de, at high risk of physical and mental impairment and death. For many children and www.concern.net. in developing countries who die from infectious diseases, the indirect cause of death is a weakened immune system due to a lack of dietary energy, vitamins, and minerals. Since the first three indicators—the proportion of undernourished and the prevalence of wasting and stunting in children—do not capture prema- ture death as the most tragic consequence of hunger, the under-five mortality rate is also included.