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Grammatica Linguae Slovenicae Collatae Cum Proxime Cognata

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Grammatica Linguae Slovenicae Collatae Cum Proxime Cognata PG 5231 H 3 . : C* V - > ^ tf o> c/> <\ v^ :, ^ ^ \p .vV r \^ tf a\ ^v* >,# .V - ^ V ,H -t\ ^4 **, A^V GRAMMATICA COLLATAE CUM PROXIME COGNATA Auctore Martino IEatta1a 9 Arclii-Dioecesis Strigoniensis Presbytero Cooperatore Hodrusbanyensi. SchemnicUy 1850. Typis Francisci Lorber. #* 1 V- Desinc quapropter novitate exterritus ipsa Exspuere ex animo rationem: sed magis acri Judicio perpende et, si tibi vera videtur, Dede manus: aut, si falsa est, accingere contra. Lucretius, L. II. V. 1040—1044. Die wahre Heimath ist eigentlich die Sprache. Wilhelm von Humboldt (Briefe I. 315). 3 2 3^ \ REVERENDISSMO D M I N O TIIOllE CHHBVElTs ABBATI DE CASA NOVA, CATHEDRALIS ECCLESIAE NEOSOLIENSIS CAJWOWECO ET ARCHI-DIACONO CATHEDRALI, V 1 R O PIETATE NON MINUS AC ERUDITIONE CLARO, DE UTRAQUE REPUBLICA OPTIME MERITO, LITERARUM MOECENATI NATIONI SUAE DEDITISSIMO, DEVOTISSIMO PRIMITIAS HASCE SUAS S T U D I I S L A V I C I IN TESSERAM GRATI ANIMI ET REVERENTIAE SEMPITERNAE D. D. D. Auctor. Proloffiis, Lingua sJavica, rectius slovanica, slavianica aut antiquissimo, primilivo, historico nomine, quod in ore vulgi slovacici quamlibet slavicarum dialectorum slovenicam generatim vocitantis hodiedum viget, slovenica sensu latissimo secundum computationem Safarikii *) anno 1842 factam 78 et ultra millionibus hominum in Europa Asiaque habitantium propria, communi omnium tum slavicorum cum extraneorum melioris notae philologorum sententia , est lingua iri- doeuropaea2*^, veteribus: sanscriticae, zendicae, graecae, latinae, celticae, gothicae hodiernisque germanicis et romanis remotius, lit- vanicae vero proxime3*) cognata, dispesciturque in duo genera i- diomatum: in idioma ordinis primi seu orientale (A) et in idioma ordinis secundi seu occidentale (B). Praecipui horum idiomalum characteres sunt: 4*3 A. B. 1) raz = dis : razum, roz: rozum, intellectus. 2) iz = e vel ex: izdati, vy: vydati, edere. 3) / epenthelicum: korabl, korab, navis. zemha, zemia, zeme, terra. zbavlen, zbaven, Jiberatus. 4) d epentheticum: salo, mylo, sadlo, adeps, mydlo, sapo. moliti se 4 , modlili se, orare. 5) Elisio literarum d el t ante 7 et n pal, qui cecidit; vel, qui duxit, padl, vedl: padol, viedol. mel, qui versit; cviel, qui iloruit, metl, kvetl; mietol, kvitol. *) Narodopis (ethnographia) slovansky. 2he vyd. v Praze 1842. pag. 6. 2*) Zusammenhang der Ergebnisse der wissenschaftl. For- schnng mit der Oilenbarung. pag. 33. 3*) Narodopis. p. 112. 4*3 Josephi Dobrovsky Institutiones linguae slav. dialecti ve- lcris. Vindobonao 18,22. pag. III. et Narodopis. pag. 8. et 75. II na vianu, marcesco, vadnu, vadnem. ve 4 c , sviena svienu, lucescam, svitnu, svitnem. t , 6) cviet, sviezda, fcviet, flos, Aviezda, stella. Si secundum hos characteres dialectorum species, quarum Gram- maticae prostant, examinentur, quaepiam earum sub A, aliae sub B comprehendentur, et quidem: Sub A: I. Lingua slovenica veteris dialecti seu dialectus vete- roslovenica, cyritlica, a SS. Cyrillo et Methodio , Slavorum Apo- stolis, sec. IX. literis mandata, mortta, cujus primitiva sinceraque species, a Russis, Ruthenis, Serbis, Bulgaris graeci ritus Dalmatis- que Glagolitis non ritu sed linguae tantum privilegio differentibus a reliquis Romano-Catholicis novem et ultra seculorum usu sacro et profano, substitutione vocum et formarum vulgarium primitivis genuinisque veteroslovenicis obsoletis et idcirco intellectu difficili- oribus nimiumquantum obliterata foedissimeque adulterata, magno quidem sed felici opere eruditorum slavicorum: Dobrovskyi *) pri- mum, Kopitarii 2*) et Vostokovii 3*), deinde Miklosicii 4*) Sa- farikiique 5"*) e documentis antiquis, cyrilliano et glagolitico cha- ractere exaratis eruderari coepit et quamvis necdum in integrum restituta sit, omnes tamen reliquas dialectorum slavicarum species copia venustateque formarum et materiei longissime superat, ita ut quod e primigenia indole linguae slavicae in his jam nonnisi fru- statim et fragmentorum post naufragium residuorum instar a se in vicem divulsum, singillatim superest, in illa integrum organiceque junctum conspiciatur. II. Sermo illyricus, cujus dialecti sunt: I) serbica aut illyrica 5,294,000 incolarum Serbiae, Slavoniae, Bosniae, Hercegovinae, Dalmatiae, Montenegro (Crnogora), partis Croatiae et Hungariae usitata. »j Institution. 2'") Glagolita Clozianus. Vindobon. 1836. 3») Edilio Evangelii Ostromiriani scripti anno 1056— 1057 recensita a Fr. Miklosic. Wien 1848. 4*) Praeter recensionem memoratam: Radices Iinguae slovenicae vet. dialecti. Lipsiae 1845; Yilag sanctorum. Viennae 1847; Lexicon linguae slov. vel. dialecti. Vindobonae 1850; Lautlehre der altslow. Sprache. Wien 1850. aliaque minoris molis. 5*) Varii Iractatus a potiori iu r C«- sopis ceskeho Muzeuur editi. III 2) Croatica, quam 801,000 hominum in Croatia et in comi- tatibus Hungariae: Zaladiensi, Somogyiensi, Castriferrei, Soproni- ensi, Mosoniensi et Jaurinensi sparsim degentium loquuntur. 3) Slovinica Styriis, Carinthiis et Carniolis 1,151,000 nume- rantibus propria. 4) Bulgarica in ore 3,587,000 Bulgarorum Bul- gariam, Rumeliam etc. incolentium vigens. III. Sermo russicus cum dialectis: 1) magno-russica aut moscovitica 35,314,000; 2) parvo-russica, russinica aut ruthenica 13,144,000; 3) albo-russica 2,726,000 animarum complectens. Sub B comprehendunlur: I. Sermo slovenicus sensu strictiori, cujus dialecti sunt: 1) Neo-slovenica seu simpliciter slovenica (slovencina aut slo- nensky jazyk, slovenskd rec, slovenske narecie), minus bene slo- vacica tribus millionibus Slavorum Hungariae, qui domi Slovdci (foeminae: Slovenky, rarius Slovdcky), Germanis Slowaken, detorte Slawaken, Hungaris Totok *) dicuntur, propria , in qua praeter ve- ram et genuinam seu nomine et omine slovenicam loquelam potiori parti Slovenorum, in plurimis videlicet comitatibus : Arvensi (demlo termino ejusdem boreali), Liptoviensi, Turociensi, Trenciniensi su- periori, Zoliensi, Neogradiensi, Barsiensi, Hontensi et in coloniis inferioris Hungariae degentium usitatam tres praecipuae varietates aut, si dicere malis, subdialecti distinguuntur : a) bohemo-slovenica in comitatibus: Posoniensi, Nitriensi et Trentfiniensi inferiori vigens, a Bernolakio ad gradum literarii sermonis evecta, quam idcirco ber- nolakianam compellare placet. b) Polono-slovenica in comitatu Sa- rosiensi, septemtrione Arvensis parteque Zempliniensis et Abaujva- riensis; denique c) russino-slovenica in comitatu Gomoriensi (praeter parvo-hontensem) usu veniens. 2) Bohemica aut cechica in Bohemia, Moravia et parte Silesiae borussicae 4,414,000 hominum jungens, quae post cyrillicam prima omnium felicissime coli coepta communi studio Bohemorum, Mora- vorum et Slovacorum ad culmen perfectionis formalis in praestan- tissima versione Bibliorum kralicensi, in qua ab anno 1579—1593 ) A singulari Tot, de cujus origine erudite disserit ¥Ymc\KdUay in periodico scripto anni 1844. ^Tudomdnytdr^ inscripto T. 1. pag. 37 — 56. : IV adornata praeter septem fratres Sechicos moravicosque et Slovenus Jesenshy cum emolumento nationis laudeque sua perenni desudavit *}9 conspicuum pervenit primosque occupaverat seculo XVI. hono- res non solum in Hungaria sed etiam Polonia. 2*) II. Sermo lechicus, cujus una est dialectus : polonica 9,365,000 hominum propria. III. Sermo lusatico-sorabicus cum duabus dialectis, quarum 1) in Lusatia superiori 98,000; 2) in Lusatia inferiori 44,000 hominum usitatur. - DifFerunt autem dialecti adlatae, etiam ejusdem ordinis, non solum vocabulis, sed maxime formis et flexionibus; ita nihilominus ut Slavi dialectis ejusdem ordinis utentes facilius se mutuo intelli- gant, quam dialectis diversi ordinis loquentes. — Quod ad vetero- slovenicam seu cyriUicam dialectum speciatim attinet, de incunabulis relationeque ejusdem ad reliquas hodiedum vigentes dialectos tot fere sunt eruditorum slavicorum sententiae, quot capita. 3*) Qui- hus, utpote ad rem nostram parum conferentibus, in medio relictis, hic loci haec solum indigitata esse volo I. In facto positum est, seculo IX., quo antiquissima rei lite- rariae apud Slavos documenta exarata sunt, praecipuas dialectos slavicas, minus tamen, ut e natura rei patet, quam nunc a se invi- cem diiferentes jam exstitisse et idcirco linguam veteroslovenicam (dato ceteroquin, at aegre admodum et nonnisi ob defectum posi- tivorum, contrarium directe evincentium argumentorum concesso iacto, eam seculo IX. in ore cujuspiam populi slavici adhuc vigu- isse et exinde opera St. Cyrilli primum literis mandatam fuisse) non esse matrem reliquaram dialectorum slavicaruin, sed sororem omuium facile seniorem seu filiam admirando genio suo formaque speciem primitivae linguae, matris , slavicae optime fidelissimeque referentem. 4'-) II. Omnes, indolem slavicae linguae universae perspectam ha- bentes eruditi uno quasi ore fatentur: ) Hlasove o potfebe jednoty spisovneho jazyka pro Cechy, Mo- ravany a Slovaky. V Praze i846. pag. 71. et Narodopis pag. 94. 2"'0 Epigeues slovenicus. pag. 5. 3*) Geschiohte d. slaW. Spracbe uud Lilcratur. Vou Faul Jos. Safarik. Ofen lS:2d. 90. 4*J Ibklem. 1) Dialectum nostram slovenicam formd et nialeriw cyrilVcae similem prae ceteris, speciatim vero bohemica, melioris cujusdam slavicitatis commendationem habere. Sic, ut ex mullis paucos com- memorem, Bernoldk, postquam in praefatione ad Grammaticam su- am, Posonii 1790. editam, pag. XIII. monuisset, Croatas, Dalmalns aliosque slavicos populos eousque ad minimum in studio linguae slavicae progressos, ut sint libris usui sive sacro sive profano ne- cessariis, dialecto sua vernacula elucubratis provisi, subjungit: „soIi pannonii Slavi
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