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Discrimination in Argentina Diagnosis and Proposals Towards a National Plan Against Discrimination: Discrimination in Argentina

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Discrimination in Argentina Diagnosis and Proposals Towards a National Plan Against Discrimination: Discrimination in Argentina Discrimination in Argentina Diagnosis and proposals Towards a national plan against discrimination: discrimination in Argentina. - 1a ed. Buenos Aires: Inadi, 2005. 400 p.; 21x15 cm. Traducido por: María Eugenia Mendizabal ISBN 987-22203-1-X 1. Discriminación-Argentina I. Mendizabal, María Eugenia, trad. CDD 361.614 082 © 2005, Plan Nacional contra la Discriminación (INADI). Las opiniones expresadas en este informe corresponden a los autores y no necesariamente reflejan la opinión de los organismos auspiciantes. La reproducción total o parcial de este libro por cualquier medio no autorizada viola derechos reservados. Cualquier utilización debe ser previamente solicitada. Queda hecho el depósito que previene la ley No 11.723. ISBN 987-22203-1-X Impreso en Marcelo Kohan «diseño + broker de impresión» Buenos Aires, Argentina. Agosto de 2005 Towards a National Plan against Discrimination Discrimination in Argentina Diagnosis and proposals Authors Coordinator Waldo Villalpando Experts Daniel Feierstein Norma Fernández Ana González Horacio Ravenna María Sonderéguer Assistant Miranda Cassino Translator María Eugenia Mendizábal Sustantive Coordination National Institute against Discrimination, Xenofobia and Racism INADI Board up to 12/31/04 President: Enrique Oteiza Vicepresident: Esteban Llamosas Ministry of Education, Science and Technology: Alberto Sileoni Ministry of Interior: José Lucas Gaincerain Ministry of Justice and Human Rights: Eduardo Luis Duhalde Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship: Jorge Taiana Permanent Assembly for Human Rights (APDH): Miguel Monserrat Delegation of Israeli-Argentine Associations (DAIA): Julio Toker Federation of Arab Organizations (FEARAB): Horacio Munir Haddad Administrative Coordination Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship Human Rights Direction Associated Offices Governmental Cabinet of Ministers Ministry of Justice and Human Rights Secretariat for Human Rights Sponsoring Offices United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OHCHR United Nations Development Program UNDP CONTENTS* Introduction ................................................................................................ 11 I. International Context and National Background .......................... 19 International context .................................................................................... 21 The Universal Declaration .................................................................... 21 Convention against Discrimination ...................................................... 21 Other international documents ............................................................ 23 International meetings: Santiago de Chile and Durban .................... 25 Main controversial subjects .................................................................. 30 National background .................................................................................... 33 The Constitutional Reform of 1994. Other legal antecedents .......... 34 II. General considerations on discrimination and racism .............. 39 III. Diagnosis. Transversal Axis .............................................................. 45 Racism .......................................................................................................... 47 Poverty and Social Exclusion ...................................................................... 54 State and Society .......................................................................................... 65 III. Diagnosis. Areas of Analysis ............................................................ 71 Age ................................................................................................................ 73 Childhood and Adolescence .................................................................. 73 Elder Adults ............................................................................................ 75 Ethnic-National ............................................................................................ 95 Aboriginal people .................................................................................. 98 Afrodescendants .................................................................................... 112 *[TN. The Spanish structure of the book is preserved.] Antisemitism ............................................................................................ 118 Arabphobia and Islamphobia ................................................................ 123 Gipsy communities and Rom people .................................................... 127 Latin American colectivities .................................................................. 131 Asian colectivities .................................................................................. 134 Gender .......................................................................................................... 137 Sexual Identity .............................................................................................. 150 Migrants and Refugees ................................................................................ 161 Migrants .................................................................................................. 161 Refugees .................................................................................................. 167 Special Requirements .................................................................................. 176 Political-Ideological ...................................................................................... 183 Religion ........................................................................................................ 188 Religious conformation of Argentina .................................................... 188 Aboriginal religion and spirituality ...................................................... 196 Antisemitism, Arabphobia and Islamphobia ...................................... 199 Protestantism .......................................................................................... 199 Jehovah’s Witnesses ................................................................................ 208 Particular Situations .................................................................................... 212 People who are deprived of freedom .................................................. 212 Released .................................................................................................. 218 Malvinas War veterans .......................................................................... 219 Neighbours of isolated populations .................................................... 220 III. Diagnosis. Institutional Fields ........................................................ 223 Justice Administration and Legislation ...................................................... 225 Justice Administration ............................................................................ 225 Legislation .............................................................................................. 230 Public Administration ................................................................................ 237 Education ...................................................................................................... 244 Security Forces ............................................................................................ 253 Media ............................................................................................................ 258 Health ............................................................................................................ 272 IV. Conclusions .......................................................................................... 289 V. Proposals ................................................................................................ 297 General Proposals ........................................................................................ 301 Legislative Reforms ...................................................................................... 303 Proposals by Institutional Field of Aplication .......................................... 307 Justice Administration and Legislation ................................................ 307 Public Administration ............................................................................ 310 Education ................................................................................................ 321 Security Forces ........................................................................................ 325 Media ........................................................................................................ 327 Health ...................................................................................................... 329 Analytical Proposal Index .......................................................................... 332 Application, Follow-up and Supervision Proposal .................................... 337 VI. Annexes ................................................................................................ 345 1. Members of the Governmental Coordination Group .......................... 347 2. Experts, colaborators, public officers and groups interviewed .......... 348 3. Missions in the country .......................................................................... 358 4. Notes on the National Plan against Discrimination .......................... 365 5. About the authors ...................................................................................
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