DOCSLIB.ORG

A Brief History of Argentina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Brief History of Argentina A Brief History of ArgentinA second edition JonAtHAn c. Brown University of Texas at Austin A Brief History of Argentina, Second Edition Copyright © 2010, 2003 by Lexington Associates All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brown, Jonathan C. (Jonathan Charles), 1942– A brief history of Argentina / Jonathan C. Brown. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8160-7796-0 1. Argentina—History. I. Title. F2831.B88 2010 982—dc22 2010004887 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Excerpts included herewith have been reprinted by permission of the copyright holders; the author has made every effort to contact copyright holders. The publishers will be glad to rectify, in future editions, any errors or omissions brought to their notice. Text design by Joan M. McEvoy Maps and figures by Dale Williams and Patricia Meschino Composition by Mary Susan Ryan-Flynn Cover printed by Art Print, Taylor, Pa. Book printed and bound by Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group, York, Pa. Date printed: June 2010 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents List of Illustrations iv List of Maps v List of Tables and Charts v Acknowledgments vii Introduction: The Argentine Riddle ix 1 Ancient Argentina and the European Encounter 1 2 The Colonial Río de la Plata 27 3 Imperial Reform and Conflict in the Río de la Plata 51 4 Crisis of the Colonial Order and Revolution 79 5 Agrarian Expansion and Nation Building (1820–1880) 103 6 The Liberal Age (1880–1916) 138 7 The Decline of Liberalism (1916–1930) 167 8 The Rise of Populism (1930–1955) 188 9 The Failure of De-Peronization (1955–1983) 218 10 The Neoliberal Age Begins 253 11 Argentina on the Rebound? 275 12 Conclusion: History as Predator 296 Appendixes 1 Basic Facts about Argentina 302 2 Chronology 306 3 Bibliography 315 4 Suggested Reading 328 Index 338 List of illustrations Basilica of Salta cover Adolfo Cambiaso xii Ruins of a Diaguita Village 6 Indigenous people of the Gran Chaco 13 The Charrúa 15 Buenos Aires, ca. 1536 21 Mule train crossing Bolivian cordillera 28 Women working in Santiago del Estero 35 Plaza of Mendoza 36 An indigenous toldería 49 Buenos Aires, ca. late 18th century 52 Mounted indigenous warriors of the Pampas 54 Indigenous chief, or cacique 57 José de San Martín 98 A saladero 107 Cattle branding on an estancia 117 A portrait of General Rosas on a bedroom wall 123 Indigenous raid on a cart train 132 Immigrant housing in Buenos Aires, ca. 1910 151 Gauchesque musicians today 156 Rural woman with montero 160 Criollos of the countryside 163 Buenos Aires, ca. early 20th century 169 Train station on Western Argentine Railway 176 Crowd cheers September 1930 coup 185 Demonstrators at National Congress, September 1930 187 Carlos Gardel 191 Pro-Perón demonstration, October 17, 1945 204 Juan and Evita Perón addressing a 1947 rally 207 Striking rail workers, 1953 211 Pro-Lonardi demonstrators 215 A villa miseria in Buenos Aires 228 The Cordobazo, May 1969 231 Marching Montoneros, May 1973 235 iv El Proceso junta members 240 Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, 1983 246 Argentine troops in the Malvinas 248 Argentine medics in the Islas Malvinas 250 Members of Carapintada commando unit, 1987 258 Looted supermarket, 1989 263 Raúl Alfonsín and Carlos Saúl Menem, July 1989 264 Demonstrators at Salta, 1997 271 “The Night of the Saucepans,” December 2001 273 Inauguration of President Fernández 280 Piqueteros at the Plaza de Mayo 286 Farmers’ strike of 2008 293 List of MAPs Modern Argentina 2 Indigenous Peoples of the Southern Cone on the Eve of the Conquest 11 The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, 1790 65 Buenos Aires Autopistas Planned by the Military Government of the Late 1970s and Early 1980s 242 List of tables and charts Estimated Population of Indigenous Peoples of the Southern Cone, 1492 3 Population Estimates for Buenos Aires, 1615–1770 46 Slaves and Livestock on the Jesuit Ranches of Córdoba, ca. 1748 60 The Racial Composition of the Population of Mendoza, 1812 67 Yearly Tax Revenues of the Royal Treasury in Buenos Aires, 1770–1808 69 Population Growth in Colonial Argentina, 1777–1809 75 v Destination of Ships Leaving the Port of Buenos Aires, 1849–1851 108 Rural Population in Buenos Aires Province, 1854 116 Indicators of Economic Growth in Argentina, 1880–1914 142 Cargo and Passengers Carried on Argentine Railways, 1880–1914 144 Major Argentine Grain Exports, 1880–1915 145 Spanish and Italian Immigration to Argentina, 1880–1930 149 Nationality of Foreigners Residing in Argentina, 1914 150 Population of the City of Buenos Aires, 1914–1936 151 Argentine Petroleum Consumption, Production, and Imports, 1922–1930 183 Growth of Manufacturing within Argentina’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 1900–1955 194 Growth of the Argentine Oil Industry, 1922–1940 195 Price Inflation, 1945–1984 223 Expansion and Contraction of Gross Domestic Product, 1956–1980 227 Price Inflation in Argentina, 1980–2001 266 Expansion and Contraction of Gross Domestic Product, 1981–2001 268 Gross External Debt, 1977–2001 270 China’s Trade with Argentina, 2001–2007 289 Argentina’s Economic Growth and Inflation Rates, 1999–2010 292 vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS have benefited immensely from a wealth of literature on the history I of Argentina in both Spanish and English. The Argentines have developed one of the most lively and professional historical tradi- tions in Latin America, and they have a talent for seeing themselves with clarity and wisdom. They practice their studies at a number of fine institutions of higher learning and research institutes both in Argentina and abroad. Moreover, the Argentine historical community has welcomed foreign scholars to its archives and libraries so that the English-language literature ranks among the richest for any country of Latin America. In addition, my students and former students assist me—indeed, they challenge me—in staying on top of the latest research. They themselves have contributed five doctoral dissertations and 19 master’s research projects about Argentine history that have enriched my knowledge and understanding of that country. They will recognize in these pages where I am beholden to their research. I owe special thanks to Joan Supplee, Gil Ramírez, Ricardo Salvatore, Rukhsana Qamber, Greg Hammond, and Adrian Hawkins for their doctoral work. Among those who have turned out fine master’s projects are Kevin Kelly, Barbara Boczek, John Rochford, Andrea Spears, Lisa Cox, Barbara Pierce, Alfredo Poenitz, Yao-Sung Hsiao, Matthew Faddis, Wayne Magnusson, Jesús Gómez, Byron Crites, Cyrus Cousins, Jen Hoyt, Sabina Mora, Brian Teplica, Peter Toot, and Josie Engels. I am indebted to María Celina Tuozzo for her keen insights on Argentine labor history. Michael Snodgrass gra- ciously permitted me to draw from his superb analysis, especially on the relationship between Juan Perón and his working-class followers, which appears in chapter 8. In Buenos Aires, I profited from the expert assistance of Daniel V. Santilli of the Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana “Dr. E. Ravignani.” He searched among several different sources in Buenos Aires to find many of the illustrations that grace this book. During the past decade, I have corresponded frequently with Torcuato Di Tella, Ricardo Salvatore, and Cuatro Tolson, who keep me abreast of events. I benefited also from the Reuters news dispatches from Argentina vii A BRIEF History OF ARGENTINA that were written by a former student, Brian Winter. In addition, Gil Ramírez has shared jokes and insights over the years, and Byron Crites donated a critical labor document. Li He gave me the statistics on Chinese-Argentine trade; Jen Hoyt and Cyrus Cousins contributed photos and illustrations. I have been fortunate to have had the advice and counsel of my own in-house editor and muse, Lynore Brown. Finally, Josie Engels served as my research assistant for this second edition. Her attention to detail keeps me informed of the most important twists in Argentina’s current events. Unless otherwise noted, translations that appear in this book are my own. All the above contributed to making this a better book, though they cannot be faulted for its shortcomings. viii Introduction: The Argentine Riddle ust a year ago, when I accepted the commission to update A Brief JHistory of Argentina, I thought that I would be able to finish the second edition on a positive note. The first edition had concluded with an analysis of the 2001 economic crisis, during which the country defaulted on its foreign debt, citizens lost about two-thirds of their bank deposits, and four different presidents served in the last two weeks of December. Last year, the Argentine economy had rebounded and was producing annual growth rates of 8 percent. Then bad news hit Argentina. Wall Street suffered a near financial collapse, and world markets began to purchase fewer Argentine agricultural products. As President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner said, “We were registering the most important growth in the last 200 years .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Holland America's Shore Excursion Brochure
    Continental Capers Travel and Cruises ms Westerdam November 27, 2020 shore excursions Page 1 of 51 Welcome to Explorations Central™ Why book your shore excursions with Holland America Line? Experts in Each Destination n Working with local tour operators, we have carefully curated a collection of enriching adventures. These offer in-depth travel for first- Which Shore Excursions Are Right for You? timers and immersive experiences for seasoned Choose the tours that interest you by using the icons as a general guide to the level of activity alumni. involved, and select the tours best suited to your physical capabilities. These icons will help you to interpret this brochure. Seamless Travel Easy Activity: Very light activity including short distances to walk; may include some steps. n Pre-cruise, on board the ship, and after your cruise, you are in the best of hands. With the assistance Moderate Activity: Requires intermittent effort throughout, including walking medium distances over uneven surfaces and/or steps. of our dedicated call center, the attention of our Strenuous Activity: Requires active participation, walking long distances over uneven and steep terrain or on on-board team, and trustworthy service at every steps. In certain instances, paddling or other non-walking activity is required and guests must be able to stage of your journey, you can truly travel without participate without discomfort or difficulty breathing. a care. Panoramic Tours: Specially designed for guests who enjoy a slower pace, these tourss offer sightseeing mainly from the transportation vehicle, with few or no stops, and no mandatory disembarkation from the vehicle Our Best Price Guarantee during the tour.
    [Show full text]
  • Appetizers First Course Salads Grilled Fish & Crustacean on Saturdays
    APPETIZERS Assorted finger foods Brazilian cheese rolls, fine tapioca breads, homemade breads baked in our clay oven Starters per person (optional) Crunchy wanton with cod brandade (6 units) Grana Padano or Manchego cheese Codfish cake (8 units) Filet Mignon appetizer Bruschetta of the day Pork sausage with chimichurri Potato chips with roast beef and Dijon mustard (6 units) Small golden cubes of tapioca served with pepper jelly (10 units) FIRST COURSE SALADS Steak Tartare Green knife-chopped, served with soufflé potatoes green leaves, apple, avocado, and fennel vinaigrette Beef carpaccio with rocket leaves, Parmesan cheese Rubaiyat Salad and Dijon mustard dressing fresh mixed greens, carrots, cherry tomatoes, hearts of palm, wonton crispies, and buffalo Pork ribs mozzarella slowly roasted, served with barbecue sauce Julienne Coal-grilled goat Provoleta Lettuce, tomato, hearts of palm, carrot, “Cabaña Las Lilas” bacon, shoestring potato, wonton crispies, Palm-heart Grana Padano, and mustard dressing baked in a wood oven with sun-dried tomatoes Palm-heart & Watercress Palm-heart capellini with mustard & lime vinaigrette with parmesan sauce, iberian ham and green Caesar aparagus Funghi carpaccio confit in thin slices, served with watercress leaves and white truffle olive oil ON SATURDAYS Brazilian Feijoada (with all trimmings) with baby pork from the Rubaiyat Farm and dessert table* (per person) Brazilian Feijoada (with all trimmings) To Go *Half-price for children 5-12 years old. Free for children 4 and under. GRILLED FISH & CRUSTACEAN
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Comes Within Category D
    * SHL ITEM BARCODE 19 1721901 5 REFERENCE ONLY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON THESIS Degree Year i ^Loo 0 Name of Author COPYRIGHT This Is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London, it is an unpubfished typescript and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting the thesis must read and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. LOANS Theses may not be lent to individuals, but the Senate House Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within the United Kingdom, for consultation solely on the .premises of those libraries. Application should be made to: Inter-Library Loans, Senate House Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. REPRODUCTION University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit written permission from the Senate House Library. Enquiries should be addressed to the Theses Section of the Library. Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent of the author. (The Senate House Library will provide addresses where possible). B. 1962 -1974. In many cases the author has agreed to permit copying upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975 -1988. Most theses may be copied upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. D. 1989 onwards. Most theses may be copied.
    [Show full text]
  • Argentine History: from Pre-Colonial Times Through the 20Th Century
    Syllabus 2016 Argentine History: From pre-colonial times through the 20th century Dr. Juan Francisco Martínez Peria [CEL – UNSAM] Fridays 2:00 – 6:00 pm Total Load: 64 hours Course Description This course aims to delve into the economic, cultural, social, and political history of Argentina, since the pre-colonial period through the last decades of the twentieth century. The course will provide an overview of the mayor processes that marked the historical development of this country, examining at the same time the strong bonds with the other Latin American nations and the complex relations with the major hegemonic powers. In the first place, we will study the societies of the native peoples of Argentina and the sufferings they experienced due to the Spanish colonization. Next, we will analyze the economic, social, political, and cultural situation of the Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata under Spanish rule and its crisis in the XIX century. Subsequently, we will study the Argentine independence movement, examining its ties with the rest of the Spanish American Revolutions. In fourth place, we will study the postcolonial era and the civil wars between Buenos Aires’ elite and the provinces, taking in account the experiences of the Rosistas and Urquicistas Confederations. Next, we will examine the liberal conservative order, the state building process, the immigration process, and the emergence of the labor movement and the radical party. Afterwards, we will analyze the crisis of the conservative order, the radical governments, and the brief liberal conservative restoration. Following, we will examine the Peronist governments, and the post Peronist crisis studying the social and political turmoil that agitated Argentina during the 50´s, 60´s 70´s.
    [Show full text]
  • The Desert in María Teresa Andruetto: a Literal and Figurative Space
    THE DESERT IN MARÍA TERESA ANDRUETTO: A LITERAL AND FIGURATIVE SPACE Thomas N. Phillips II A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies (Spanish) in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2021 Approved by: Alicia Rivero María DeGuzmán Oswaldo Estrada Juan Carlos González Espitia Rosa Perelmuter © 2021 Thomas N. Phillips II ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Thomas N. Phillips II: The Desert in María Teresa Andruetto: A Literal and Figurative Space (Under the direction of Alicia Rivero) The desert serves as a crucible for processing and creating truth in the novels, novellas, and short stories by Argentine writer María Teresa Andruetto (b. 1954). Simultaneously a literal and figurative space, the desert embodies Argentine history and economic development with particular focus on the northwest and Patagonia. Response to political turmoil and the introspective search for identity and family coalesce as we view protagonists encountering frontiers; coupled with alterity, gender, and language, this results in a new amalgamation that is a retelling of Esteban Echeverría’s “La cautiva.” The first chapter of this dissertation analyzes spaces as both literal and figurative oases, the interior as a microcosm of Argentina, and movement within the desert related to border crossing. The second chapter presents a macro-level view of geopolitics that focuses on an alternative reading of history in the desert, and the veracity of claims and truth are under a microscope in a manner that questions the official discourse of the Dirty War, as well as the creation of a national mythos.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Record of Lutzomyia Longipalpis in the Argentine Northwest
    Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 108(8): 1071-1073, December 2013 1071 The first record of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the Argentine northwest Andrea Gómez Bravo1/+, María Gabriela Quintana2,3, Marcelo Abril1, Oscar Daniel Salomón3,4 1Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2Instituto Superior de Entomología Dr Abraham Willink, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina 3Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina 4Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina In 2004, the urban presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was recorded for the first time in Formosa province. In 2006, the first autochthonous case of human urban visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was recorded in Misiones in the presence of the vector, along with some canine VL cases. After this first case, the vector began to spread primarily in northeast Argentina. Between 2008-2011, three human VL cases were reported in Salta province, but the presence of Lu. lon- gipalpis was not recorded. Captures of Phlebotominae were made in Tartagal, Salta, in 2013, and the presence of Lu. longipalpis was first recorded in northwest Argentina at that time. Systematic sampling is recommended to observe the distribution and dispersion patterns of Lu. longipalpis and consider the risk of VL transmission in the region. Key words: Lutzomyia longipalpis - visceral leishmaniasis - Argentina The urban presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz the ecological characteristics of Dry Chaco (located 70 & Neiva, 1912) (Salomón & Orellano 2005) was first km from the study area of the present work) as the likely recorded in Argentina in Formosa province in 2004; it location of human infection, without any reports of ento- was associated with an outbreak of visceral leishmania- mological captures associated with the case.
    [Show full text]
  • Doc CADAL 16 English
    The Political Origins of the Argentine Crisis By Mauricio Rojas The ills that afflict Argentina are not simple or superficial, and the solutions to its problems require a more serious diagnosis than the one given by those who look for a scapegoat to blame this one-time promising country’s woes on. Understanding this today is more D important than ever, because the country is going through a characteristic period of recovery and hope that appears from time to time, like a pause between violent swells of crises. Now is the O time to start facing these long-standing problems, before they overwhelm us again. C U This document is a revised version of the preface to the second Spanish edition of «History of the Argentine Crisis». The book was originally published in Swedish and M later translated and published in English and Portuguese. The first Spanish edition was published by CADAL and TIMBRO in December 2003. E N T Mauricio Rojas was born in Santiago de Chile in 1950 and lives in Sweeden since 1974. He is a Member of the Sweeden Parlament, Associate Professor in the Department of Economic O History at Lund University, Vice President of Timbro and Director of Timbro’s Center for Welfare Reform. He is author of a dozen books, among them, The Sorrows of Carmencita, Argentina’s crisis in a historial perspective (2002), Millennium Doom, Fallacies about the end of work (1999). Beyond the S welfare state. Sweden and the quest for a post-industrial Year II Number 16 welfare model (2001) and The rise and fall of the swedish May 21st., 2004 model (1998).
    [Show full text]
  • The 'Argentine Problem' : an Analysis of Political Instability in a Modern Society
    THE 'ARGENTINE PROBLEM7: AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN A MODERN SOCIETY Alphonse Victor Mallette B.A., University of Lethbridge, 1980 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS @ Alphonse Victor Mallette 1986 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY June, 1986 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, proJect or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for flnanclal gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay Author: -. - rJ (date) -.-.--ABSTRACT This thesis is designed to explain, through political and historical analysis, a phenomenon identified by scholars of pol- itical development as the "Argentine Problem". Argentina is seen as a paradox, a nation which does not display the political stab- ility commensurate with its level of socio-economic development. The work also seeks to examine the origins and policies of the most serious manifestation of dictatorial rule in the nation's history, the period of military power from 1976 to 1983.
    [Show full text]
  • 180203 the Argentine Military and the Antisubversivo Genocide
    Journal: GSI; Volume 11; Issue: 2 DOI: 10.3138/gsi.11.2.03 The Argentine Military and the “Antisubversivo” Genocide DerGhougassian and Brumat The Argentine Military and the “Antisubversivo ” Genocide: The School of Americas’ Contribution to the French Counterinsurgency Model Khatchik DerGhougassian UNLa, Argentina Leiza Brumat EUI, Italy Abstract: The article analyzes role of the United States during the 1976–1983 military dictatorship and their genocidal counterinsurgency war in Argentina. We argue that Washington’s policy evolved from the initial loose support of the Ford administration to what we call “the Carter exception” in 1977—79 when the violation of Human Rights were denounced and concrete measures taken to put pressure on the military to end their repressive campaign. Human Rights, however, lost their importance on Washington’s foreign policy agenda with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and the end of the Détente. The Argentine military briefly recuperated US support with Ronald Reagan in 1981 to soon lose it with the Malvinas War. Argentina’s defeat turned the page of the US support to military dictatorships in Latin America and marked the debut of “democracy promotion.” Keywords: Proceso, dirty war, human rights, Argentine military, French School, the School of the Americas, Carter Page 1 of 48 Journal: GSI; Volume 11; Issue: 2 DOI: 10.3138/gsi.11.2.03 Introduction: Framing the US. Role during the Proceso When an Argentine military junta seized the power on March 24, 1976 and implemented its “ plan antisubversivo ,” a supposedly counterinsurgency plan to end the political violence in the country, Henry Kissinger, the then United States’ Secretary of State of the Gerald Ford Administration, warned his Argentine colleague that the critiques for the violation of human rights would increment and it was convenient to end the “operations” before January of 1977 when Jimmy Carter, the Democratic candidate and winner of the presidential elections, would assume the power in the White House.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation in Palatal Production in Buenos Aires Spanish
    UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report (2008) Variation in Palatal Production in Buenos Aires Spanish Charles B. Chang* University of California, Berkeley 1. Introduction Argentine Spanish is well-known among varieties of Spanish for its “hardened” palatals. The sonorant palatals of European Spanish have undergone fortition in most dialects of Argentine Spanish, resulting in fricatives or affricates in all environments. In one recent study focusing on Buenos Aires, Colantoni (2006) examined the change from sonorant /j/ to obstruent /ʒ/ in some detail. However, when walking through Buenos Aires today, one actually hears voiceless [ʃ] more often than voiced [ʒ], a fact that might be behind marked discrepancies among layperson impressions of these sounds. On the one hand, many popular authors indicate that the predominant pronunciation of palatals in Argentina is voiced. For instance, Bao and Greensfelder (2002: 187) claim that “most Argentines say ‘zh’ for [‘y’] and for ‘ll’”, while others make reference to the “replacement of the ‘ll’ and ‘y’ sounds by a soft ‘j’ sound, as in ‘beige’” (Dilks 2004: 25) and to “the unique way in which porteños [Argentines from Buenos Aires] pronounce the letters ll and y (with a sound akin to the French ‘je’)” (Tozer 2001). Very recent publications present similar thoughts, stating that “Argentine Spanish differs from other countries in its pronunciation of the ll and y not as a y but as English speakers would pronounce a j” (Luongo 2007: 59). Lawrence (2007: 367) concurs that “the local accent imposes a soft ‘j’ sound on the ‘ll’ and ‘y’”, such that “llave (key) sounds like ‘zha-ve’ and desayuno (breakfast) sounds like ‘de-sa- zhu-no’” (Luongo et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Download (279820 Bytes)
    12th EASA Biennial Conference Nanterre, France 10-13th July 2012 Uncertainty and disquiet Panel W076 Anxious sovereignties Convenors: Rebecca Bryant (LSE) and Jakob Rigi (CEU) Is federalism a threat to state sovereignty? The politics of new interprovincial regions in Argentina Julieta Gaztañaga (UBA/CONICET, Argentina) Introduction Federalism has been a powerful and quite controversial concept since the very origins of Argentine nation-state. From the bloody civil wars that followed the declaration of independence in the 19th century to the current macro-politics debates about federal taxes, federalism seems to be an omnipresent metaphor of the Argentine state imagination. Without a doubt, federalism is central to the imagination and realization of Argentine the Sate, for it connects in a symbolic and material form both past and present, and range of dramas and possibilities of the state's legitimacy and sovereignty. But federalism is also a political value that enacts specific –and sometimes controversial– policy making. In this paper I focus on the relations between federalism and state sovereignty, using my ethnographic research among politicians –mainly identified with Peronismo–1 and other social actors engaged with the creation and bolstering of a new region, the Central Region Centro of Argentina (RC)2. I’d like to show that most of the debates conveyed in terms of federalism are not about political organization neither about distribution of resources, but about an ongoing project of nation-state building, marked by a specific language of consensus/ confrontation rather than an ideology of integration/cohesion, regarding the process of transforming space into territory inherent to modern state.
    [Show full text]
  • Sobre Héroes Y Tumbas the Park and Political Logics of Memory in Argentina
    sobre héroes y tumbas the park and political logics of memory in argentina daniel james for the degree of doctor of philosophy in sociology at the london school of economics 101,571 words 1 declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others. I consider the work submitted to be a complete thesis fit for examination. I authorise that, if a degree is awarded, an electronic copy of my thesis will be deposited in LSE Theses Online (in accordance with the published deposit agreement) held by the British Library of Political and Economic Science and that, except as provided for in regulation 41, it will be made available for public reference. I authorise the School to supply a copy of the abstract of my thesis for inclusion in any published list of theses offered for higher degrees in British universities or in any supplement thereto, or for consultation in any central file of abstracts of such theses. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. In accordance with the Regulations, I have deposited an electronic copy of it in LSE Theses Online held by the British Library of Political and Economic Science and have granted permission for my thesis to be made available for public reference. Otherwise, this thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent.
    [Show full text]