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BOOK REVIEWS David B. Quinn. European Approaches to North analyse social and demographic trends and so America, 1450-1640. Variorum Collected Studies; have been unfashionable for more than a decade" Aldershot and Brookfield, VT: Variorum Press, (221). It is, however, useful for historians and 1998. x + 342 pp., illustrations, maps, charts, others interested in the past to know what hap• index. US $101.95, cloth; ISBN 0-86078-769-9. pened, or at least what is likely to have happened. Quinn may be no exponent of the latest Paris fad This most recent collection of David Quinn's but he remains a scholar whose interpretation of essays on the early European exploration and events inevitably commands respect, precisely settlement of North America follows his Explor• because he is always more interested in making ers and Colonies: America, 1500-1625 (London, sense of the document than in validating a theo• 1990). Like its useful predecessor, European retical preconception. Approaches brings together Quinn's contributions What of the longer essays in this volume, in to several disparate publications. Although most which Quinn cautiously dons the unfamiliar of the essays in the present volume have appeared analytic robe? "Englishmen and Others" is a blunt in scholarly journals or conference proceedings and therefore interesting assessment of how since the late 1980s, that previous exposure does Quinn's compatriots viewed themselves and other not detract from the usefulness of this book. The Europeans on the eve of colonization. The final topics range from imagined Atlantic islands, to essay, "Settlement Patterns in Early Modern perceptions of American ecology, the French fur Colonization," is an analysis of the state of early trade, the settlement of Bermuda, editing Hakluyt, European colonization by 1700. -
Causes of the First World War Lesson 4 the Arms Race
Lesson 4 The Arms Race CAUSES OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR LESSON 4 THE ARMS RACE Objectives/learning outcomes Starter Pupils will:- Discuss with pupils why countries need weapons. What are the threats today? What Know what the term ‘arms race’ were the threats in 1914? means and why this increased the How much does Britain spend on defence? tension between the major powers. Show diagram. Understand why the building of the Get pupils to understand the amount in dreadnought led to a naval arms comparison to other government spending. race. Defence: £44bn Education: £42bn Transport: Evaluate through sources whether £15bn. Germany wanted a war in 1914. Explain Militarism: building up armed forces; getting ready for war. Can this be applied to some countries today? Why did this happen up to 1914? Activities and homework Plenary Give pupils the following words/phrases:- Activity 1 The Arms Race Fear Activity 2 Jealousy The Dreadnought and the Naval Arms Naval Superiority Race Empire building [A linked cause] Activity 3 Worsening relations Did Germany want a war in 1914? More money spent on armaments Ask them to start with one word/phrase and Homework answer orally the question, ‘How did the arms Homework 1 Cartoon Analysis race help cause the First World War?’ [Advanced] Homework 1 Admiral Von Tirpitz They can use any of the other words/phrases [Standard] to answer the question. Causes of the First World War History Interactive© 1 Lesson 4 The Arms Race STARTER ACTIVITY Britain’s Defence Spending 2009 Equipment • £6.1bn Pay • £5.6bn • £2.6bn Wars Afghanistan • £2bn Iraq War pensions • £1bn Weapons • 27bn About £45 billion Causes of the First World War History Interactive© 2 Lesson 4 The Arms Race ACTIVITY 1 THE ARMS RACE How did the Arms Race add to the tensions between the major powers? ARMS RACE This was competition between countries to build up their military strength. -
Insular Autonomy: a Framework for Conflict Settlement? a Comparative Study of Corsica and the Åland Islands
INSULAR AUTONOMY: A FRAMEWORK FOR CONFLICT SETTLEMENT? A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CORSICA AND THE ÅLAND ISLANDS Farimah DAFTARY ECMI Working Paper # 9 October 2000 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor Building) D-24939 Flensburg . Germany % +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper # 9 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller Issue Editors: Farimah Daftary and William McKinney © European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2000. ISSN 1435-9812 i The European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) is a non-partisan institution founded in 1996 by the Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the German State of Schleswig-Holstein. ECMI was established in Flensburg, at the heart of the Danish-German border region, in order to draw from the encouraging example of peaceful coexistence between minorities and majorities achieved here. ECMI’s aim is to promote interdisciplinary research on issues related to minorities and majorities in a European perspective and to contribute to the improvement of inter-ethnic relations in those parts of Western and Eastern Europe where ethno- political tension and conflict prevail. ECMI Working Papers are written either by the staff of ECMI or by outside authors commissioned by the Centre. As ECMI does not propagate opinions of its own, the views expressed in any of its publications are the sole responsibility of the author concerned. ECMI Working Paper # 9 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) © ECMI 2000 CONTENTS I. -
The 'Argentine Problem' : an Analysis of Political Instability in a Modern Society
THE 'ARGENTINE PROBLEM7: AN ANALYSIS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY IN A MODERN SOCIETY Alphonse Victor Mallette B.A., University of Lethbridge, 1980 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS @ Alphonse Victor Mallette 1986 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY June, 1986 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, proJect or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for flnanclal gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of Thesis/Project/Extended Essay Author: -. - rJ (date) -.-.--ABSTRACT This thesis is designed to explain, through political and historical analysis, a phenomenon identified by scholars of pol- itical development as the "Argentine Problem". Argentina is seen as a paradox, a nation which does not display the political stab- ility commensurate with its level of socio-economic development. The work also seeks to examine the origins and policies of the most serious manifestation of dictatorial rule in the nation's history, the period of military power from 1976 to 1983. -
180203 the Argentine Military and the Antisubversivo Genocide
Journal: GSI; Volume 11; Issue: 2 DOI: 10.3138/gsi.11.2.03 The Argentine Military and the “Antisubversivo” Genocide DerGhougassian and Brumat The Argentine Military and the “Antisubversivo ” Genocide: The School of Americas’ Contribution to the French Counterinsurgency Model Khatchik DerGhougassian UNLa, Argentina Leiza Brumat EUI, Italy Abstract: The article analyzes role of the United States during the 1976–1983 military dictatorship and their genocidal counterinsurgency war in Argentina. We argue that Washington’s policy evolved from the initial loose support of the Ford administration to what we call “the Carter exception” in 1977—79 when the violation of Human Rights were denounced and concrete measures taken to put pressure on the military to end their repressive campaign. Human Rights, however, lost their importance on Washington’s foreign policy agenda with the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and the end of the Détente. The Argentine military briefly recuperated US support with Ronald Reagan in 1981 to soon lose it with the Malvinas War. Argentina’s defeat turned the page of the US support to military dictatorships in Latin America and marked the debut of “democracy promotion.” Keywords: Proceso, dirty war, human rights, Argentine military, French School, the School of the Americas, Carter Page 1 of 48 Journal: GSI; Volume 11; Issue: 2 DOI: 10.3138/gsi.11.2.03 Introduction: Framing the US. Role during the Proceso When an Argentine military junta seized the power on March 24, 1976 and implemented its “ plan antisubversivo ,” a supposedly counterinsurgency plan to end the political violence in the country, Henry Kissinger, the then United States’ Secretary of State of the Gerald Ford Administration, warned his Argentine colleague that the critiques for the violation of human rights would increment and it was convenient to end the “operations” before January of 1977 when Jimmy Carter, the Democratic candidate and winner of the presidential elections, would assume the power in the White House. -
Reclaiming Their Shadow: Ethnopolitical Mobilization in Consolidated Democracies
Reclaiming their Shadow: Ethnopolitical Mobilization in Consolidated Democracies Ph. D. Dissertation by Britt Cartrite Department of Political Science University of Colorado at Boulder May 1, 2003 Dissertation Committee: Professor William Safran, Chair; Professor James Scarritt; Professor Sven Steinmo; Associate Professor David Leblang; Professor Luis Moreno. Abstract: In recent decades Western Europe has seen a dramatic increase in the political activity of ethnic groups demanding special institutional provisions to preserve their distinct identity. This mobilization represents the relative failure of centuries of assimilationist policies among some of the oldest nation-states and an unexpected outcome for scholars of modernization and nation-building. In its wake, the phenomenon generated a significant scholarship attempting to account for this activity, much of which focused on differences in economic growth as the root cause of ethnic activism. However, some scholars find these models to be based on too short a timeframe for a rich understanding of the phenomenon or too narrowly focused on material interests at the expense of considering institutions, culture, and psychology. In response to this broader debate, this study explores fifteen ethnic groups in three countries (France, Spain, and the United Kingdom) over the last two centuries as well as factoring in changes in Western European thought and institutions more broadly, all in an attempt to build a richer understanding of ethnic mobilization. Furthermore, by including all “national -
Globalization of Cultural Diversity the Integrative Process of the European
European Integration - Realities and Perspectives. Proceedings 2019 Communication Sciences – Globalization of Cultural Diversity The Integrative Process of the European Union from the Perspective of Intra-Community Secessionist Movements Angela-Mihaela Ene1 Abstract: The prospect of a fully integrated European Union and, equally, symmetrically developed from an economic point of view, is an ideal desiderate that will go through a long and totally uncertain course. If the accession of the states and the establishment of the European Union as a supranational state materialized in one way or another, the process of integration of these states is altogether different. This cultural and economic diversity must go through a broad interconnection and interdisciplinary process, a process that will take place according to the natural or artificial managers involved in this integrative construction. The natural factors are constituted from the empathy of nations to such a process and the artificial factors are characterized by community instruments developed for implementation throughout the European community. In this paper, we intend to give a point of view on the complexity of the European integration process of the Member States and also to address this process from the point of view of the secessionist movements, that have lately become very visible, from our perspective with very serious consequences on the stability and development of the Community framework. Even if the vast majority of secessionist formations are of a small size, their distribution throughout the European space makes this phenomenon a substantial one in the EU integration and development process. Keywords: secessionist movements; European Union; European Community; Intra Community Introduction The idea of separatism or autonomy is not something new on the world stage, these forms of claim or desire of existing as a form of social organization is an even natural element, we could say, from the perspective of the socio-cultural unity of the communities. -
A Critical and Comparative Analysis of Organisational Forms of Selected Marxist Parties, in Theory and in Practice, with Special Reference to the Last Half Century
Rahimi, M. (2009) A critical and comparative analysis of organisational forms of selected Marxist parties, in theory and in practice, with special reference to the last half century. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/688/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] A critical and comparative analysis of organisational forms of selected Marxist parties, in theory and in practice, with special reference to the last half century Mohammad Rahimi, BA, MSc Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD Centre for the Study of Socialist Theory and Movement Faculty of Law, Business and Social Science University of Glasgow September 2008 The diversity of the proletariat during the final two decades of the 20 th century reached a point where traditional socialist and communist parties could not represent all sections of the working class. Moreover, the development of social movements other than the working class after the 1960s further sidelined traditional parties. The anti-capitalist movements in the 1970s and 1980s were looking for new political formations. -
Creator(S): 2018/28/2799 January 1988 12 Pages Department
Reference Code: 2018/28/2799 Creation Dates: January 1988 Extent and medium: 12 pages Creator(s): Department of Foreign Affairs Accession Conditions: Open Copyright: National Archives, Ireland. May only be reproduced with the written permission of the Director of the National Archives. e AMBASAID NA hEIREANN . LDNDAIN .. 17 Grosvenor Place SW1X 7HR IRISH EMBASSY, LONDON . 9 February, 1 988 Dear Declan, I attach herewith a copy of a FCO "background brief" on the Provisional IRA's international contacts. I am also enclosing comments on the text by Richard Townsend. Yours sincerely, Patrick O'Connor Minister Plenipotentiary Mr. Declan O'Donovan Anglo-Irish Division Department of Foreign Affairs Dublin 2 ©NAI/DFA/2018/28/2799 Mr O'Connor FCO background brief on Provisional IRA's international contacts 1. I attach a copy of a recent FCO •background brief• on the international contacts of the Provisional IRA and also Sinn Fein. This was issued last month (this copy in fact was given to me by a colleague in the Danish Embassy; however, such background briefs are readily available and do not carry any security classification). 2. While the most interesting feature of the brief is~ perhaps, the timing of its issue and its reflection of British current concern at Sinn Fein's international contacts, it seems to me that there are one or two statements in the brief which could be misconstrued. In particular, I am struck by the following references: Page 1, paragraph 1 •rt derives financial and other assistance from Irish expatriate corrrnunities which accept its claim to be the champion of Irish nationalism•. -
2010 History Standard Grade − Credit Finalised Marking
© 2010 History Standard Grade − Credit Finalised Marking Instructions © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2010 The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a non- commercial basis. If it is to be used for any other purposes written permission must be obtained from the External Print Team, Centre Services, Dalkeith. Where the publication includes materials from sources other than SQA (secondary copyright), this material should only be reproduced for the purposes of examination or assessment. If it needs to be reproduced for any other purpose it is the centre’s responsibility to obtain the necessary copyright clearance. SQA’s External Print Team, Centre Services, at Dalkeith may be able to direct you to the secondary sources. These Marking Instructions have been prepared by Examination Teams for use by SQA Appointed Markers when marking External Course Assessments. This publication must not be reproduced for commercial or trade purposes. Information for markers The following general instructions are provided for the guidance of markers at all levels. It is vitally important that all markers are totally familiar with the candidate performance requirements, as set out in the correct arrangements document, for both assessable elements at each level in terms of: process; the place of recalled evidence where this is required. Marking conventions Markers must carefully observe the following points: All marking on candidate scripts must be in red biro. All marking must be carefully placed in the correct column on the right of the script: KU marks in the left column; ES marks in the right column. Half marks must not be used. -
In the Coup Written Press of Brazil
Sentidos de “revolução” e “revolución” na imprensa escrita golpista do Brasil (1964) e da Argentina (1966) / Senses of “revolução” and “revolución” in the coup written press of Brazil (1964) and Argentina (1966) / Sentidos de “revolução” y “revolución” en la prensa escrita golpista de Brasil (1964) y de Argentina (1966) María Alejandra Vitale * RESUMO Neste artigo percorremos as conexões teóricas que podem ser estabelecidas entre o dialogismo do Círculo de Bakhtin e alguns aspectos da teoria do discurso de Michel Pêcheux, considerando a leitura que Jacqueline Authier-Revuz fez de ambos em sua proposta sobre as heterogeneidades enunciativas. Também nos propomos a descrever os sentidos adquiridos pela palavra “revolução” nos editoriais e comentários dos jornais O Globo e Folha de S. Paulo que tematizaram no Brasil o golpe de Estado de 31 de março de 1964 e compará-los com o que aconteceu na imprensa escrita argentina com a palavra “revolución” frente ao golpe militar de 28 de junho de 1966. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Dialogismo; Heterogeneidade; Revolução; Revolución; Discursividade golpista brasileira e argentina ABSTRACT In this article we cross the theoretical connections that can be established between Bakhtin Circle dialogism and some aspects of the discourse theory of Michel Pêcheux, considering the reading of both made by Jacqueline Authier-Revuz in the frame of her proposal about enunciative heterogeneities. We also try to describe the senses of the word "revolução" in O Globo and Folha de S. Paulo related to the Brazilian coup d’état of March 31st, 1964 and compare it to what happened in the Argentinean press with the word "revolución" facing the military coup of June 28th, 1966. -
The Impeded Archipelago of Corsica and Sardinia
Island Studies Journal, 16(1), 2021, 325-342 The impeded archipelago of Corsica and Sardinia Marcel A. Farinelli Independent researcher [email protected] Abstract: Sardinia (Italy) and Corsica (France) are two islands divided by a strait that is 13 km wide. Their inhabitants have had commercial and cultural links at least since the Bronze Age, facing similar historical processes such as colonization from mainland powers during Middle Ages and a problematic assimilation within the nation-states to which the islands are nowadays associated. Nevertheless, they are generally perceived and analyzed as separate and distant islands. This is a consequence of the geopolitical context of the last three centuries, during which Corsica and Sardinia have become part of two separate states marked by a troubled relationship. This study has two main purposes: explaining the case of the two islands through a historical analysis of the island-to-island relationship between the 17th and 21st Centuries and proposing the concept of ‘impeded archipelago’ to describe analogous situations. Keywords: archipelago, Corsica, islands, island-to-island relationship, nationalism, Sardinia https://doi.org/10.24043/isj.142 • Received August 2020, accepted December 2020 © Island Studies Journal, 2021 Introduction Few scholars have adopted an archipelagic perspective on Corsica (France) and Sardinia (Italy), albeit the strait that divides them (The Strait of Bonifacio) in its narrow point is 13 km wide. Sardinians and Corsicans have had economic and cultural ties at least since the Bronze Age, they experienced colonization from continental powers during Middle Ages and Modern Era, and they shared a problematic integration process in the mainland country to which they are linked with since the 18th and 19th Centuries.