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BINDEX 06/25/2018 18:16:29 Page 379

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‘Ndrangheta, 261 Ambedkar, B. R., 115, 150, 238, 273, 1848 revolutions, 306 282, 311 1955 System, 137 American Civil War, 94 9/11, 178, 269, 273, 301, 302 American , 109, 318 Amin al-Husseini, Haj, 100 Aam Aadmi Party, 311 Amin, Idi, 127, 255 Abdullah of Jordan, King, 120 Amritsar Massacre (1919), 30, 48 Abe, Shinzo, 317 anarchism, 5, 10, 44, 61, 159, 219, 306 Aborigines, 38, 74, 265, 272, 275 Andaman Islands, 267 Abyssinia, 97, 250, 265 Anglo-Boer War, 16, 31, 39 Action Française, 59, 67, 81, 109, 225 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty (1936), 55 Adenauer, Konrad, 109, 132, 244 Anglo-Hindu law, 278 Advani, L. K., 171 Anglo-Iraq treaties; (1926), (1932) African National Congress, 142, 155, Anglo-Muhammadan law, 278 156, 176, 281, 312 Anglo-Russian Entente (1907), 22 Afrikaners, 31, 73, 127, 155, 279 animals in war, 210, 295 agricultural reforms, 54, 63, 75, 84, 85, Antarctica, 15 94, 119, 124, 127, 129, 134, 135, 146, Anthropocene, 214, 287, 295, 296 151, 153, 185, 232, 284, 291, 297, 307, Anthropology, 8, 179, 183, 186–189, 309, 316 192, 232, 234, 296 Ahmadiyya, 168, 234 anti-fascist resistance, 133 AIDS, 204, 205, 288, 289, 312, 323 Anti-French War, 123 Alawites, 22, 280 anti-hunting protests, 210, 295 Alexander I of Yugoslavia, King, 62 anti-Nazi resistance, 65 Alger Hiss case, 110 anti-Semitism, 16, 60, 66, 81, 100, 103, of Independence,COPYRIGHTED 185 197, 243, 251,MATERIAL 256, 299, 308 Algérie Française, 156 Anti-US War, 123 Ali, Mehmet, 239, 240 anti- protests, 143, 200 Ali, Muhammad, 210 Antonius, George, 22, 28 Aligarh Muslim University, 207 , 90, 127, 135, 156, 163, 174, Allahabad, 111, 276 176, 210, 255, 268, 279, 285, 296, 311, Allende, Salvador, 159 312 Allied Powers (First World War), 13, 96 Appadurai, Arjun, 6, 299

Remaking the Modern World 1900–2015: Global Connections and Comparisons, First Edition. C. A. Bayly.  2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Apple, 141 175, 199, 211, 231, 272, 275, 278, 287, Arab revolt in Palestine (1936), 26, 100, 289 123 Austria, 8, 17, 42, 43, 46, 48, 58, 59, 61, Arab , 15 84, 100, 101, 189, 197, 217, 218, 251, Arab Spring, 2, 27, 212, 256, 299 299 Arabia, 26, 181, 196, 202, 240, 260, Austria–Hungary, 17, 42, 46, 58, 251, 301, 321 299 Arabic, 22, 185, 276–278, 283 Ayodhya, 171 Arab–Israeli War (1948), 66, 118, 119 Ayodhya mosque destruction Aragon, Louis, 219 (1992), 171 architecture, 116, 139, 226 Azerbaijan, 144, 300 Arctic, 214, 260, 289 al-Azhar, 55, 252 Arendt, Hannah, 101, 200, 250 Azouvi, François, 252 , 40, 43, 55, 58, 66, 82, 92, 135, 159, 160, 174, 176, 313, 319 Baath Party (Iraq), 110 Argentine revolution (1966), 159 Baath Party (Syria), 110 Armenian genocide, 249 baby boom, 141, 158, 292, 317, 320 Armistice, 20, 47, 218 Back to the Countryside Movement, 147 Armitage, David, 5 Bacon, Francis, 224 art, 10, 15, 48, 59, 116, 137, 139, 148, Baden-Powell, Robert, 45 183, 198, 203, 215, 217–226, 228–230, Badiou, Alain, 10, 222, 321 308 Badoglio, Pietro, 98 art market, 215, 222 Baghdad Province, 22 Arts and Crafts Movement, 217, 220 Bahloul, Joëlle, 278 Arya Samaj, 83, 195, 207, 235 Baldwin, Stanley, 61, 69, 70, 75, 102 Asad, Talal, 188 Balfour Declaration (1917), 25, 119 ASEAN, 155 Balfour, Arthur, 23 Asia, 5–9, 16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 29–48, 51, (1911–1914), 26, 33, 249, 55–57, 59, 71, 76, 84, 85, 87, 92, 93, 264 97, 99, 101–104, 107, 108, 110–113, Balkans, 13, 20, 21, 62, 129 115, 117, 121–127, 129, 131, 136, 137, , 111, 123 141–143, 148–152, 161, 169–170, 178, Bangladesh, 151, 208, 212, 229, 253, 184, 185, 191, 195, 196, 204, 211–213, 254, 297, 306 228, 232, 233, 236, 237, 244, 250, 252, Bangladesh War (1971), 151, 253 264, 266, 268, 269, 277, 278, 280, 282, Bank of Japan, 314, 315 285, 288–292, 296, 299, 302, 305, 308– al-Banna, Hasan, 196 311 Baoshi, Fu, 220 Asian economic crash (1997–1998), Barth, Karl, 243 315 Barthold, Wilhelm (Vasily), 185 Asimov, Isaac Bashford, Alison, 295 Assad family, 304 Basic Law of the German Federal Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 23, 26 Republic, 132 Atlantic Charter (1941), 111, 127, 156 Bataan “death march”, 104 Atlantic Ocean, 104 Batista, Fulgencio, 58, 136, 160 atomic weapons, 48, 97, 110, 139, 302 Battle of the Marne, 19 Attlee, Clement, 122 Bauman, Zygmunt, 321 Auschwitz, 251 Bay of Pigs (1961), 160 Austerity, 74, 85, 87, 91, 133, 138, 155, BBC, 252 192, 314, 317, 319 Beach Boys, 141 Australia, 13, 23, 38, 39, 43, 67, 73, 74, Beatles, 141, 227, 228 87–89, 92, 104, 109, 155, 161, 174, Beckett, Samuel, 225

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Beijing, 36, 136, 169, 289, 293, 310 bourgeois Hinduism, 281 Belgian Congo, 31, 89, 90, 154, 207 (1900), 15, 35, 37 Belgium, 19, 31, 38, 309 Brahmo Samaj, 195 Bell, David A., 4, 265 Brandt, Willi, 175 Bell, Gertrude, 24 Braudel, Fernand, 7, 185 Bellegarde, Dantès, 265 Brazil, 3, 16, 40, 92, 159, 160, 187, 188, Benares Hindu University, 207 211, 287, 295, 297, 307, 312, 313, 319 Benedict, Ruth, 187 Breton , 309 Benes, Edvard, 130 Breton, André, 219 Bengal; -partition of, 16 Bretton Woods Conference (1944), 138 Berber, 30, 277, 282, 299, 305 Brezhnev, Leonid, 64, 309 Berg, Alban, 226 Britain, 4, 15–20, 22, 24, 31–33, 36, 38, Beria, Lavrentiy, 128 39, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 55, 58, 59, 61, Berlin Airlift (1948), 106, 156 65, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74, 78, 79, 82, 86– Berlin Olympic Games, 210 88, 90–93, 97, 98, 101–106, 109, 110, , 156, 164, 174 112–114, 120, 121, 130–133, 138–140, Berlin–Baghdad railway, 9 146, 152, 153, 156–158, 163, 164, 174, Bernal, Martin, 184 175, 180, 181, 186, 190, 195, 200, 202, Berners-Lee, Tim, 212 203, 206, 208, 213, 217, 224, 239, 241, Besant, Annie, 200, 217 257, 259, 262, 265, 269, 272, 273, 277– Bethencourt, Francisco, 272 279, 285, 296, 301–303, 308, 312, 313, Betjeman, John, 226 315, 316, 318, 320 Bhabha, Homi, 275 British Colonial Office, 76, 77 Bhagwati, Jagdish, 191 British Communist Party, 69 Bharatiya Janata Party, 2, 171, 244, 311 , 13, 14, 72, 77, 138, 185, Bhindranwale, Jarnail Singh, 171 241 Bismarck, Otto von, 50 British Gold Coast, 68 Black and Tans, 70 British Mandate, 119, 207 Black Liberation Army, 143 British Nyasaland, 31 Black Panthers, 142 British Union of Fascists, 67, 70 Blackett, James, 181 Britten, Benjamin, 224 Blair, Tony, 256, 301, 302, 316 Brooks, Collin, 98 Blériot, Louis, 15, 181 Brüning, Heinrich, 251 Blum, André Léon, 81 Buchan, John, 32 Blyden, Edward, 265 Buck, Pearl, 241 Boas, Franz, 186 Buddhas of Bamiyan, 148 Boellstorff, Tom, 203 Buddhism, 7, 65, 195, 203, 206, 207, Boko Haram, 8, 202, 244, 257 231–233, 237, 238, 244, 279, 295 Bolivia, 160, 209, 260 Buddhist-Muslim relations, 108 Bolshevik Party, 8, 13, 15, 23, 30, 33, 40, , 226, 289 44, 46–48, 200, 218, 229, 236, 250 Bukharin, Nikolai, 63 Bombay Plan, 113 Bunche, Ralph, 268 Bonn, 132 Bureau of Investigation, 44, 45, 71 Borges, Jorge Luis, 225 Burma, 102, 104–108, 111, 115, 118, Bose, Subhas Chandra, 104 119, 121, 122, 125, 127, 188, 256, 319 Bosnia, 21, 166, 248, 256, 299, 300 burqa, 202 Bosnian Muslims, 21, 256 Burroughs, William, 203 Bosnian War, 256 Bush, George, 172, 191 Botha, Louis, 31 Bush, George W., 172, 191, 256, 301, Botha, P. W., 177 304, 314, 315 Bourdieu, Pierre, 306 bushido, 51, 57, 237

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Butler, Rab, 133 chemical weapons, 20, 99, 300 Butskellism, 133 Chicago, 15, 72, 103, 187, 226, 232, 261, 312 Cain, P. J., 13 Chicago Boys, 312 Calcutta, 207, 217, 253, 289 Chicago race riot (1919), 72 Calcutta School of Art, 217 child poverty, 174 Caligula, Emperor, 294 child soldiers, 209 Callas, Maria, 226 Chile, 40, 58, 136, 159, 160, 176, 243, Cambodia; -Vietnamese invasion of, 148 306, 312, 313 Cambridge House Riot, 158 China, 3, 5–7, 9, 13, 20, 21, 29, 30, 35– Cameron, David, 30, 318 38, 42, 47, 51, 55–57, 59, 64, 65, 87, Canada, 13, 16, 39, 41, 73, 74, 86, 93, 89, 93, 95, 97, 99, 103, 106, 108, 112, 113, 155, 161, 172, 244, 275, 287, 289, 115, 122, 123, 125, 126, 135–138, 140, 320 142, 144–148, 149, 151, 161–163, 165, Canudos rebellion, 16 169, 170, 175, 184, 188–191, 197, 202, Cao Dai, 234, 235 204, 206, 208, 209, 212, 215, 218, 220– Cape Colony, 210 223, 225, 235, 236, 241, 244, 250, 252, capital, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, 26, 258–260, 266, 269, 271, 286, 290, 291, 39–43, 50, 54, 58, 60, 61, 65, 68, 69, 293, 296, 298, 299, 302, 305, 307–312, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 91–94, 110, 125, 317, 319, 320 126, 132, 135, 136, 141, 147, 148, 157, (1924–1925), 41, 118, 160, 161, 163–165, 167, 169, 170, 179, 125 189, 191, 192, 260–262, 309, 310, 312, , 123, 169 313, 319–321 Chinese Development Bank, 320 Capone, Al, 71, 261 Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 56 cargo cults, 234 Chinese Revolution (1911), 150, 162, Caribbean, 16, 43, 75, 77, 79, 131, 135, 217 159–160, 204, 265, 273, 275, 280, 282 Chonquing, 125 carpet bombing, 248 Christian Democracy (), 109, 131, Carter, Jimmy, 140, 146 242 Castro, Fidel, 136, 159, 313 Christian revival, 146, 172, 244 , 309 Christian Science, 234 Catalonia rebellion (1934), 82 Christianity, 7, 18, 55, 65, 115, 127, 198, Catholic Church, 65, 81, 83, 156, 160, 203, 206, 231–234, 236, 237, 240, 242, 175, 204, 205, 225, 235, 237, 244, 245, 278, 279, 308 242, 244 Chrysler, 182 Ceausescu,̧ Nicolae, 164 Church of England, 206 Central African Republic, 209 Churchill, Winston, 19, 23, 30, 97, 100, Central Powers (First World War), 13, 105, 107, 130, 133, 248 19, 23, 36, 42, 50, 251, 264 CIA, 136, 159, 260, 302 centralisation, 65, 79, 113, 152, 165, cinema, 52, 116, 131, 137, 148, 216, 303, 304, 308 219–221, 226 Ceylon, 78, 217, 254 Circassians, 299 Cézanne, Paul, 216 civil disobedience, 73, 168 Chagall, Marc, 225 Civil Rights Act (1964), 142 Chamberlain, Neville, 101 Civil Rights Movement, 142, 156, 187, Chandavarkar, Rajnarayan, 284 274 Chaplain, Charlie, 219 civil society, 44, 45, 68, 69, 71, 77, 78, Chauri Chaura, riots (1922), 34 80, 82, 83, 143, 150, 169, 175, 176, Chávez, Hugo, 306, 313 204, 212, 237, 261, 264, 279, 280, 282, Chechnya, 202, 299, 300 305, 308

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Clark, Christopher, 17, 42, 96 Constitution of India, 115, 149, 238, 311 climate change, 3 Consumerism, 178, 321 Clinton, Bill, 173, 303 Coomaraswamy, Ananda, 217 Cohen, Deborah, 5 Copley, Antony, 222 Cohn, Bernard, 188 Copts, 22, 55 , 7, 9, 106, 107, 112, 117, 125, Corfu, 265 126, 128, 129, 133, 135, 140, 146, 149, , 14, 308 154, 156, 158–160, 162, 165, 176, 181, Corsican nationalism, 308 204, 208, 228, 254, 255, 268, 269, 303, Costa Rica, 136 305, 309 cotton manufacturing, 89 Cole, G. D. H., 68 Council of People’s Commissioners, 79 collaboration with Nazis, 242 Court of International Justice, 263 collectivisation, 63, 146, 290 credit bubble, 170, 317 Collingham, Lizzie, 113 crime, 45, 141, 143, 181, 209, 229, 247– Collins, Michael, 70 262, 264, 300, 320 Colombia, 40, 160, 313 Criminal Investigation Department, 44 Colonialism, 7, 9, 30, 37, 100, 110, 111, Criminality, 260–262 121, 123, 128, 139–161, 176, 187–189, Croatia, 62, 65, 300 217, 247, 252, 263, 266, 268, 274–285, Croix de Feu, 81, 90 295, 299 Crusades, 25, 207 colons, 76, 90, 152, 153, 278 Cuba, 58, 106, 136, 140, 142, 145, 154, Columbia University, 180 156, 159, 160, 181, 223, 242, 306, 312, Comintern, 263, 265–267 313 Comintern International Press (1962), 106, 156, Correspondence, 266 160, 181 Commonwealth, 24, 70, 121, 166, 177, (1956–1959), 159 265, 268, 316 , 63, 147, 148, 162, communications, modern, 299 184, 186, 196, 198, 206, 222, 236, 237, , 7, 10, 11, 42, 50–52, 59, 252, 309 63–64, 71, 80, 82, 98, 99, 103, 110, Curzon, Lord (George), 41, 45, 79, 210 112, 122, 124, 130, 132–134, 136, 137, Czechoslovakia, 27, 61, 62, 68, 101, 106, 140, 143–149, 152, 155, 156, 159, 163– 129, 130, 164, 166, 167, 308 165, 167, 170, 172, 173, 175–177, 180, 185, 189, 208, 213, 225, 233–239, 241, D’Annunzio, Gabriele, 58, 98 242, 244, 251, 256, 266, 268, 279, 290, d’Argenlieu, Admiral Georges 298, 307, 309 Thierry, 108 Communist Party (Indochina), 81 Dada movement, 218 Communist Party (Italy), 131 Dagestan, 300 Communist Party (Mexico), 266 Dahrendorf, Ralf, 323–324 Communist war with Guomindang Dalí, Salvador, 224 (1945–1948), 106–107 Dalits, 77, 115, 150, 238, 311 Comte de Gobineau, Joseph Arthur, Danish Social Democrats, 83 273 Daoism, 236 Confucianism, 56, 206 Dar al-ʿUlum, Deoband, 207 Congo, 31, 89, 90, 145, 152, 154, 161, Darling, Malcolm, 284 207, 233, 255, 278, 288 Darwinism, 241, 248, 271, 278 Conscription, 14, 30, 31, 38, 44, 45, 69, Das, Bhagwan, 198 70, 129, 146 Dawes and Young Plans, 80 Conservative Party (UK), 70 de Gasperi, Alcide, 131 Constituent Assembly debates (1946– de Gaulle, Charles, 105, 130, 152, 154, 1948), 77, 238 243

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de Klerk, F. W., 177, 312 drug trade, 258, 259 de Rivera, Miguel Primo, 47, 62, 82 drug wars, 260, 313 de Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri, 259 Druze, 25, 120, 280 de Valera, Eamon, 242 Dubois, W. E. B., 265 Deakin, William, 107 Duchamp, Marcel, 229 debt, 39, 54, 80, 84, 88, 90, 132, 270, Dumont, Louis, 188 284, 314–318, 321 Durkheim, Emile, 186, 192 deconstruction Dylan, Bob, 227, 228 deflation, 85, 86, 88, 91, 192, 315 deforestation, 294 East Germany. See GDR Delhi, 172, 199, 276, 285, 289, 293 East India Company, 310 democracy, 2, 9, 10, 17, 30, 35, 49, 59, East Java revolt (1948), 124 60, 62, 67–72, 76–83, 95, 109, 121, East Pakistan, 121 131, 132, 140, 144, 150, 152, 157, 160– Ebert, Friedrich, 80 162, 165–173, 176, 178, 184, 196, 237, Ebert–Groener Pact (1918), 80 253, 256, 272, 274, 279, 280, 282, 306, Ebola, 269, 288, 289 308, 310–313, 316–318 economic development, 6, 58, 87, 232, Democratic Party (US), 67 269, 283 demographics, 141, 287, 290, 291, 310, Economic Opportunity Act (1964), 142 316, 319 Economics, 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 17, De-Nazification, 132 20, 23, 24, 32, 34, 37–39, 42, 43, 53– Denmark, 68, 83, 86 55, 57–59, 63, 65, 66, 68, 72, 74–79, Déon, Michel, 225 82–95, 98, 110–114, 120, 122, 124, Derrida, Jacques, 158 127, 130–132, 134, 137–138, 140–142, Detroit, 143, 330 144, 147, 148, 150, 155, 157, 158, 160– Detroit riots (1967), 143 167, 169, 170, 172–177, 179, 182, 183, Devji, Faisal, 155, 303 185, 186, 189–193, 195, 196, 201, 208, Dewey, John, 68, 198 209, 212, 228, 230, 232, 233, 235, 245, Dharmapala, Anagarika, 233 254, 255, 259, 264, 269, 270, 281–286, diabetes, 292, 293 295, 296, 298–321 Diaz, Porfirio, 40 Edo state, 261 Diem, Ngo Dinh, 145 Egypt, 2, 15, 21–24, 26, 27, 37, 43, Dien Bien Phu, Battle of (1954), 108, 53, 55, 78, 102, 104, 110, 113, 119, 123, 143 120, 146, 152, 157, 184, 196, 202, Dietrich, Marlene, 220 239, 240, 244, 245, 249, 277, 280, Dinka, 76, 232, 256, 305 281, 304 Dinka and Nuer relations, 76, 256, 305 Egyptian uprisings (1919), 30 Dirac, Paul, 181 Eichmann, Adolf, 252 Dirks, Nicholas, 272 Einstein, Albert, 179, 181 Division of the North, 40 Eisenhower, President Dwight, 110, 133, Dix, Otto, 219 134 Doi Moi, 170, 191 Eisenstein, Sergei, 64 Dominican Republic, 160 El Shakry, Omnia, 285 Dominion Senate, 73 el-Alamein, battle of, 104 domino effect, 145 elections, 2, 49, 68, 69, 73, 81, 127, 129, draft dodging, 146 142, 146, 151, 154, 159, 164–166, 172– Drang nach Osten,87 174, 180, 200, 201, 230, 242, 268, 272, Dresden, bombing of, 105 307, 312, 316–319 dress, 213, 214, 245, 269, 301 Eliot, T. S., 218 Dreyfus Affair, 243 el-Krim, Abd, 30, 47 drug cultivation, 260 Emden, , 18, 33

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Emergency (1975–1977), 151 fasci,58 emigration, 89, 161, 263 , 17, 27, 50, 57–62, 65–67, 81, Emin, Tracey, 229 102, 112, 130, 131, 138, 214, 242, 273, Enabling Act, 81 308 Engels, Friedrich, 10 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 44 English, 4, 5, 38, 46, 109, 174, 185, 198, Federal Reserve, 93, 173, 317 204, 208, 211, 218–220, 225, 266, 274– female education, 209 278, 281, 310 female franchise, 68 English Revolution, 2 female infanticide, 202, 258 Enlai, Zhou, 147 feminism, 218 enlightenment, 184, 195, 271 Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 17 Entebbe raid (1976), 155 Ferguson riots (2014), 213 environmentalism, 180, 260 Ferguson, Niall, 17 epidemics, 269 Festival of Britain (1951), 181 Erdogan,̆ Recep, 245 fingerprinting, 296 Estonia, 129 Finland, 16 Ethiopia, 51, 59, 87, 95, 97–99, 131, First Anglo-Afghan War 240, 305 (1838–1842), 33 ethnic cleansing, 27, 101, 149, 249, 253, First Chechen War (1994–1996), 300 256, 299 First Five Year Plan (Russia) (1928), 86 eugenics, 38, 45, 273, 285, 295, 296 First (1990–1991), 164 Europe, 2, 3, 5–9, 12, 13, 15, 17–27, 29– (1946–1954) 31, 33, 36, 38–53, 55–59, 61–82, 84– First Italo-Ethiopian War 87, 89, 91––116, 118–121, 125–145, (1895–1896), 98 152, 154–160, 162–178, 184–192, First Sino-Japanese War 194–213, 216–219, 222–225, 229, 232, (1894–1895), 37 233, 236, 237, 239–251, 256, 260–264, First World War (1914–1918), 12, 15, 266, 268–273, 277–284, 287, 289–292, 17–19, 21, 23, 25, 29, 32, 34, 35, 295, 298–301, 304– 311, 314–321 37, 40–42, 47, 52, 54, 57–59, 61, 68, European Coal, Iron and Steel 69, 73, 74, 82, 84, 95–99, 105, 111, Agreements (1951–1952), 113 114, 117, 127, 200, 216, 218, 226, European Court of Justice, 158, 261 229, 242, 243, 249, 250, 255, 263, European Economic Community, 158, 290, 295, 301 175 Firth, Raymond, 186, 187 European unification, 131, 154 Fischer, Fritz, 17 European Union, 77 Fiume, 58, 251 Euroscepticism, 2 Five Year Plan (India), 150 eurozone, 5, 192, 317 Five Year Plan (Russia), 86, 93 Evans, Sir Arthur, 184 Flanders, 19, 30 Evans-Pritchard, E. E., 186 FLN, 154, 305 évolués,76 Fonda, Jane, 200 forced migration, 48, 263 Fabianism, 285 forced sterilisation, 151 Facebook, 201, 212, 213, 313 Ford, 182 Faisal I, King, 54 Ford Foundation, 9, 188 Falangist, 82 Ford, Gerald, 140 (1982), 159, 176 Ford, Henry, 103 Famine, 22, 63, 147, 150, 165, 248, 251, Foreman, George, 210 255, 288, 290, 292, 318 Formosa, 136 FARC, 313 Foucault, Michel, 158, 195, 197, 201, Farsi, 274 209, 225, 256, 306

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France, 4, 6, 14, 16, 18–20, 22, 24, 25, Gang of Four, 147, 169 30, 33, 37, 39, 42–47, 58, 59, 65, 68, gang warfare, 261 71, 74–77, 79–82, 85, 86, 90, 91, 97, Gapon, Father, 236 98, 101–103, 105–108, 110, 113, 114, Gates, Bill, 141 127, 130–132, 137, 152, 157, 158, 164, Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri, 216 168, 174, 175, 183, 185, 195, 205, 207, Gauguin, Paul, 216 216, 225, 235, 239, 240, 243–244, 256, gay rights, 205, 211, 245, 259, 269, 273, 291, 296, 300, 308, 309, Gaza Strip, 245, 304 316 Geertz, Clifford, 188 Francis, Pope, 244 Gellner, Ernest, 188 Franco, General Francisco, 62, 242 Genetics, 180, 206, 262 Franco-Prussian War, 205 genome sequencing, 181 Frazer, James, 186 George, Lloyd, 26 Frazier, Joe, 210 German Democratic Republic Free French Army, 130 (GDR), 116 free trade, 174, 185, 191 , 102 free-market , 307, 312 German invasion of Poland (1939), free-market economics, 169, 172 102 free-trade movement, 132 German invasion of the USSR (1941), 97 Freikorps, 46, 61, 80 German Naval Laws (1898), 42 French (language), 207, 275 German occupation of (1940), 97 French Caribbean, 77 German occupation of the Rhineland, 46 French Communist Party, 131 German orientalism, 188 French Empire, 243 German seizure of Upper Silesia French Fourth Republic, 109 (1938), 61 French Indochina, 13, 75, 102, 123, 266 German South-West Africa, 250 French Overseas Territories, 127 German union with Austria (1938), 61 French Revolution (1789), 3 German–Soviet Pact (1939), 102 French West Africa, 76, 312 Germany, 8, 13, 15–25, 30, 31, 38, 39, Freud, Lucian, 224 42–44, 46, 49–52, 54, 55, 59–62, 64, Freud, Sigmund, 15, 197 65, 68, 71, 74, 79–83, 85, 90–93, 96– Friedman, Milton, 95, 163, 174, 189, 98, 100–109, 112, 113, 127, 130, 132, 191, 314 135–137, 144, 156–158, 161, 166, 167, Fritsch, Theodor, 60 174, 175, 184, 185, 189, 195, 208, 209, Front National, 4 213, 216–218, 225, 242, 243, 249, 251, Fry, Roger, 220 268, 289, 291, 296, 307, 308, 315, 316 Fukuyama, Francis, 2, 166, 321 Geuss, Raymond, 198 Furnivall, J. S., 284 Ghadar Movement, 278 further education, 158 Ghana, 153, 156 GI Bill of Rights, 134 Gaddafi, Muammar, 66, 304 Glass–Steagall Act (1933), 93 Gadgil, D. R., 283, 284 global warming, 295, 296 Gaelic, 275 globalisation, 2, 4, 5, 7, 11, 161, 177, Gaitskell, Hugh, 133 192, 215, 244, 259, 269, 270, 314–318 Gallipoli, 13 Goebbels, Joseph, 60 Galton, Francis, 295 Gold Coast, 105 Gandhi, Indira; -assassination of, 150, gold standard, 84 151, 171, 200, 253 Golden Square coup (1941), 54 Gandhi, Mohandas, 15, 34 Golden Temple occupation (1984), 171 Gandhi, Rajiv, 254 Golwalkar, M. S., 52 Gandhi, Sanjay, 151 Gong, Falun, 235

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Goody, Jack, 188 Hatcher, Brian, 281 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 164 Hatta, Mahomed, 124 Gove, Michael, 4 Hawley–Smoot Act (1930), 86 Government of India Acts (1919 and Hayek, F. A., 138, 163, 189, 191 1935), 75 Hebrew, 278 Goya, Francisco, 247 Hector the Bear, 144 Gracey, General Douglas, 108 Hedgewar, K. B., 171 Gramsci, Antonio, 266 Heidegger, Martin, 80, 197, 198 Grant, Madison, 273 al-Helmy, Burhanuddin, 285 Graves, Robert, 218 Hemingway, Ernest, 117 Great Calcutta Killing (1946), 253 Higgins, H. B., 272 Great Depression (1929–1938), 72, 73 Hijaz, 21, 22, 26, 53, 235 Great Leap Forward, 63 Hijaz Railway, 22 Great Recession (2008–2015), 319 Hilferding, Rudolf, 6, 189 Great Society, 142 Hill, Christopher, 139 Greater Serbia, 300 Himmler, Heinrich, 251 Greece, 26, 42, 107, 130, 133, 240, Hindenburg, Field-Marshal Paul von, 19 251, 316 Hindi, 220, 276, 278 (1946–1949), 97 Hindu Mahasabha, 281 Greek Colonels, seizure of power Hinduism, 195, 203, 208, 231–233, 238, (1968), 158 279, 281 Greek War of Independence Hindu–Muslim riots, 249 (1821–1832), 41 Hindutva, 7, 52, 128, 171, 238, 244, 267, Green Revolution, 114, 151, 288, 279, 311, 319 295–297, Hirohito, Emperor, 52 Green, T. H., 327 Hiroshima, 30, 106, 136, 139, 181, 248, Greenmantle,32 251 Greenpeace, 260 Hirst, Damien, 229 Grey, Edward (1st Viscount Grey of histoire croisée,4 Fallodon), 42 Hitler Youth, 47 Griebel, Otto, 218 Hitler, Adolf, 50 Grigg, James, 88 Hizbullah, 2 Groys, Boris, 222 , 52, 75, 108, 123, 124, 145, Guadeloupe, 77 170, 237, 266, 267 Guantanamo Bay, 302 Ho, Engseng, 6 Guatemala, 40 Hoare–Laval Pact (1935), 98 Guevara, Che Hobsbawm, Eric, 139, 163, 314 Guldi, Jo, 5 Hockney, David, 224 Gulf statesm, 299 Hodgson, Marshall G. S., 7, 234 gun rights, 45 Hollywood, 72, 105, 141, 219, 294 Guomindang (GMD), 56 Holocaust, 97, 119, 208, 248–250, 252, 254, 299, 308 Habermas, Jürgen, 280 homeopathy, 285 Habsburgs, 16 homosexuality, 199, 203–205, 227, 246, Haddon, A. C., 186 259 Hague Peace Conferences (1899, Hong Kong, 165, 169 1907), 264 Hongzhang, Li, 36 Haiti, 265, 268 honour killing, 257 Hamas, 304 Hopi people, 184 Happy Valley, 76, 89 Hopkins, A. G., 7, 13 Hardt, Michael, 6 Horthy, Miklos, 243

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House, Edward M., 264 indigenous people, 13, 76, 81, 155, 159, Howard, Michael, 42 233, 275, 289 Hughes, Billy, 74 Indochina, 13, 25, 62, 75, 76, 81, 102, Hugo, Victor, 234 105, 108, 111–115, 119, 121–124, 127, human rights, 203, 204, 211, 252, 131, 151, 152, 155, 207, 232, 237, 243, 268, 269 266, 282 humanitarian intervention, 134, 186, Indochina wars (1950–1975), 107, 123; 269, 276, 298, 301–303 See also US-Vietnam War (1962–1973) Hungarian anti-Soviet uprising Indonesia, 104, 108, 111, 113, 124, 148, (1956), 133, 134 149, 154, 156, 161, 204, 205, 254, 266, Hungary, 42, 106, 129, 130, 133, 144, 271, 278, 280, 282, 295, 297, 315 145, 148, 161, 164–167, 175, 243, 256, Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), 148 308 Indo-Pakistan war (1948), 108 Husain, M. F., 229 Industrialisation, 51, 63, 92, 93, 112, Hussein, Saddam, 229, 256 114, 270, 285, 293 Husserl, Edmund, 197 Internal Revenue Service, 173 Hutu, 255, 300 International Brigade of Socialists, 101 Hyam, Ronald, 203 International Criminal Police Hyderabad, 121, 253 Commission, 258 hydrogen bomb, 139, 179 International Labour Charter, 264 hyperinflation, 79, 80 International Labour Organization, 263– 265 IBM, 141 International Monetary Fund Immigration, 71, 73, 89, 161, 263, (IMF), 138 272, 273, 289–291, 296, 308, International War Crimes Tribunal, 300 316, 319 Internet, 7, 180, 183, 201, 212, 213, 236, Imperial preference system, 166 248, 257, 293 , 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 16, 21, 25, Inter-Parliamentary Union, 264 30, 35–41, 56, 73, 75, 79, 95, 101, 124, Interpol, 258, 261 141, 152, 200, 233, 247, 265 Ipi, Faqir of, 100 Import Duties Act (1932), 86 Iqbal, Muhammad, 195, 238 India, 2, 5, 8, 13, 15, 16, 18, 23, 24, 26, IRA, 174 29, 30, 32–37, 41, 44, 48, 68, 73–78, Iran, 27, 30–33, 51, 53–55, 133, 134, 83, 87–89, 100, 104–106, 108, 109, 140, 148, 163, 167, 168, 172, 177, 238, 111–123, 131, 138, 141, 142, 145, 149– 244, 302, 303, 310 156, 161, 163, 171, 172, 176, 177, 181, Iran–Contra Affair, 172 184–191, 197, 198, 200, 202, 205, 207– (1979), 140, 149, 163 213, 215, 217, 219, 220, 222, 225, 227, Iran–Iraq War, 168 229, 232, 235, 237–239, 244, 245, 247– Iraq, 8–10, 21–27, 32, 37, 53–55, 75, 78, 249, 251, 253, 254, 258, 259, 264, 266– 100, 102, 110, 120, 163, 164, 168, 184, 285, 288, 290–297, 301, 302, 305–307, 186, 187, 202, 229, 239, 244, 255–259, 310, 311, 319–321 264, 280, 288, 299–304, 306, 307, 310, India-China War (1962), 122 318 Indian Army, 23, 88, 106, 171 Iraq revolt (1920), 24 Indian National Army, 104, 115, 131 Iraqi army, 54 Indian National Congress, 16, 68, 76, 77, Iraqi Kurds, 8, 27, 53, 257, 303, 304 113, 149, 151, 171, 177, 185, 190, 238, Ireland, 16, 38, 70, 157, 206, 242, 257, 281 275 Indian Ocean, 18 Irgun, 119 Indian Planning Commission, 149 Irish, 16, 38, 46, 70, 71, 74, 103, 120, India-Pakistan War (1948), 108 172, 200, 225, 241, 257, 275

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Irish Free State, 70, 120 Jevons, Stanley, 189 Irish rebellion (1916), 46 Jewish emigration to Palestine, 23 Iriye, Akira, 1 Jewish–Arab tensions, 24 , 107, 163 jihad polities, 232 ISI, 302 jihadism, 296, 300, 301, 303, 306 ISIS, 2, 8, 202, 212, 244, 256, 257, Jin, Ba, 220 303 Jinnah, Muhammad Ali, 202, 280 Islam, 21, 26, 65, 148, 163, 168, 185, Joan of Arc, 234 195, 203, 208, 231–234, 238, 239, 244, Jobbik Party, 308 245, 249, 279, 301 Jobs, Steve, 141 Islamisation, 168, 229 John Paul II, Pope, 167 , 7, 11, 18, 19, 26, 163, 164, Johnson, Lyndon B., 141 166, 168, 264, 296, 301, 302, 307, 311, Jordan, 119, 120 319 Joseph, Keith, 174 Israel, 21, 66, 119–121, 146, 152, 155, Judt, Tony, 252 157, 169, 245, 250, 252–256, 269, 301– Jules Ferry Laws (1881), 206 304 July 14th Revolution (1958) Israel Defense Forces, 155 Jung, Carl, 197 Israeli–Lebanese War (1982), 66 Junkers, 13, 60, 130 Italian Constitution, 131 Jutland, Battle of (1916), 19 Italian invasion of Abyssinia (1935), 97 Italian invasion of Libya (1911), 24 Kafka, Franz, 217 Italian–Ottoman War (1911), 26 Kagame, Paul, 255 Italy, 16, 37, 49–51, 58–62, 65, 70, 74, Kahlo, Frida, 41 81, 82, 93, 95, 98–100, 104, 105, 107, Kai-shek, Chiang, 52 109, 110, 112, 130–132, 137, 156, 157, Kai-shek, Madame Chiang, 200 174, 202, 208, 225, 240, 242, 244, 261, Kakuzo, Okakura, 217 265, 289, 291, 308, 318 Kandinsky, Wassily, 216, 219, 224 Ivan the Terrible, 64 Kandy, kingdom of, 254 Kanji, Ishiwara, 57 Jackson, Michael, 141 Kapila, Shruti, 172 Jamaica, 77, 78 Karbala and Najaf, holy cities of, 24 Jamia Millia Islamia, 78 Karen, Kachin and Shan ethnic Janata Party, 151 tensions, 108 Japan, 9, 11, 13, 16, 21, 29, 30, 35–38, Kashmir, 108, 119, 121, 161, 172, 254, 41, 48, 51, 55–57, 59, 65, 72, 81–84, 301, 302 86, 87, 89, 90, 92, 93, 95, 97–99, 102– Katyn massacre (1945), 251 118, 122–126, 132, 136, 137, 140, 161, Kazakhstan, 63, 129, 236 169, 187, 188, 208, 212, 214, 217, 220, Kennedy, Jacqueline, 202 221, 227, 229, 237, 250, 252, 253, 258, Kennedy, John F., 130, 142 260, 261, 264, 265, 267, 268, 273, 278, Kenya, 31, 76, 89, 100, 105, 123, 127, 282, 289, 296, 309, 310, 314–317 153, 156, 186, 223, 252, 273, 281, 301, Japanese Army, 9, 98, 104 312 Japanese occupation of Manchuria Kenyatta University, 223 (1931), 56 Kenyatta, Jomo, 186 Japanese occupation of Nanjing, 98 Keynes, John Maynard, 45, 273, 295 Japanese tsunami, 317 Keynesianism, 95, 101 Javanese, 188, 278 Khilafat, 22, 26, 27, 33, 34, 54, 245, 249, Jedi-ism, 235 264, 267, 303 Jerusalem, 23, 25, 75, 100, 120, 121 Khmer Rouge, 148, 207, 254 Jesus, 232, 233, 245 Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 168

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Khrushchev, Nikita, 64, 128, 129, 133, Lawrence, T. E., 26 140, 143–146, 148, 165 Le Corbusier, 226 Kikuyu (language), 76, 90, 127, 128, Le Duan, 145, 170 153, 187, 248, 273, 278, 282 Leach, Edmund, 188 Kikuyu Central Association, 281 League of Nations, 5, 8, 20, 23, 25, 39, Killing, 8, 12, 17, 20, 97, 98, 101, 106, 53, 71, 80, 98, 101, 111, 155, 207, 263, 148, 156, 199, 218, 247–262, 299, 300 266 Kindleberger, Charles, 95 League of Nations Official Journal, 266 King Faisal I, 54 Leakey family, 183 Kirchner, Cristina, 313 Lebanon, 22, 25, 120, 202, 207, 239, Kirghizstan, 16 245, 254 Kissinger, Henry, 159 lebensraum, 11, 287, 294 Knossos, 184 Lega Nord, 308 Konfrontasi, 149 Lehman Brothers, 192, 314, 316 Korea, 7, 37, 57, 99, 107, 110, 125, 126, Lenin, Vladimir, 9 133, 135–137, 143, 145, 146, 149, 155, Leningrad, siege of, 103 161, 165, 169, 170, 209, 228, 236, 237, Leninism, 267, 306 245, 260, 296, 310, 321 Leopold, King, 31 (1950–1953), 107 Leow, Rachel, 259 Korekiyo, Takahashi, 93 Levi, Primo, 117 Kosovo, 300 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 187 K-pop, 209 Lewis, Sinclair, 219 Krugman, Paul, 95 Leyland, 182 Ku Klux Klan, 72 Leyte Gulf, Battle of (1944), 106 kulaks, dissolution of, 63, 128, 236, 250 Liberal Democratic Party, 137, 170 Kurds, 8, 22, 27, 33, 53, 257, 303, 304 , 40, 46, 51, 141, 146, 166, Kursk, Battle of (1943), 105–106 167, 172, 177, 195, 309, 312 Kusama, Yayoi, 229 liberation theology, 214 Kut al-Amara, Battle of (1915–1916), 23 Liberia, 255 Kuwait, 164, 300 Libya, 21, 24, 26, 98, 131, 240, 299, 304 Kwantung Army, 99 Liebknecht, Karl, 46, 79 Linguistics, 187 labour camps, 63, 128, 199, 209, 222 Lissitzky, El, 221 Labour Party (UK), 69 literacy, 205, 206, 223, 284 labour strikes, 69, 71 Lithuania, 129 Lacan, Jacques, 197, 262 Llosa, Mario Vargas, 225 Laden, Osama Bin, 301 Lockerbie bombing (1984), 304 landlordism, 65 Lombroso, Cesare, 262 Lang, Fritz, 218 London bombings (2005), 301 language politics, 30 London riots (2012), 213 Lascaux, cave paintings, 183 London School of Economics, 186, 191 Lashkar-e Taiba, 301 Long March (1934–1935), 99 Laski, Harold, 68 longue durée,5,6 latifundia, 60, 61 Louis, William Roger, 323–4 Latin America, 5–9, 16, 41, 49, 51, 53, Lowry, L. S., 224 58, 59, 62, 63, 71, 81, 90, 109, 110, Ludendorff, Erich, 46 135, 136, 151, 159–161, 166, 173, 187, Lugard, Lord (Frederick), 75 188, 199, 205, 211, 213, 225, 232, 235, Lumumba, Patrice, 145 242, 243, 258, 261, 269, 271, 274, 291, Luo and Kikuyu relations, 76, 282 305, 306, 310, 312–314, 319, 320 Luther King, Martin, 142, 143 Latvia, 129, 307 Luxemburg, Rosa, 46, 79, 251

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Lynching, 272 Marcos, Ferdinand, 170 Lysenko, T. D., 180 Marcuse, Herbert, 201 Marinetti, F. T., 216 Maastricht Treaty (1992), 175 Maronite Christians, 25 MacArthur, General Douglas, 72, 106, Márquez, Gabriel García, 225 109, 126, 133, 135, 136, 237 Marsh Arabs, 229 Macaulay, T. B., 276 , 111 MacDonald, Ramsay, 69 Marshall, Alfred, 190 machine guns, 247–248 Martinique, 77 Macmillan, Harold, 155 Marx, Karl, 10, 187, 196 Macmillan, Margaret, 96 Marxism, 131, 168, 180, 187, 266 Madagascar, 127 mass killing, 12, 156, 247–250, 253, 255, Madero, Francisco, 40 256, 300 madrassas, 168, 235 mass production, 113, 134, 141 Mafia, 71, 261 Matisse, Henri, 219, 225 Mahalanobis, P. C., 285 Matteotti, Giacomo, 59 Maharaja of Bikaner, 265 Mau Mau insurrection (1952–1960), 153 Mahathir Mohamad, 285 May 1968 protests, 158 Mahdi, the, 15 May Fourth Movement (1919), 35, 44, Mailer, Norman, 117 220 Maine, Henry, 283 Mazowiecki, Tadeusz, 167 Maji Maji rebellion (1905–1907), 31 Mazzinians, 58 Makerere University, 223 Mbembe, Achille, 188 Malabar rebellion (1921) McCarthy, Joseph, 110 Malagasy revolt (1947–48), 127 McMeekin, Sean, 96 Malaka, Tan, 124 Mead, Margaret, 187 Malaya, 30, 75, 90, 100, 104, 106, 112, Medicaid, 142 119, 122, 126–128, 137, 153, 161, 252, Medicare, 142 259, 267, 271 Meiji Restoration (1868), 41 Malaysia, 149, 153, 169, 267, 276, 277, Meir, Golda, 200 285, 292, 315 Menshevik Party, 16 Malevich, Kazimir, 221, 222 Menzies, Robert, 109 Malinowski, Bronisław, 186, 187 Mexican Liberal Party, 40 Manchukuo, 57, 99 (1911–1917), 13, Manchuria, 9, 11, 37, 56, 57, 93, 95, 97, 40, 159, 242, 306 99, 125, 136, 231, 232, 264, 265 Mexico, 15, 40–42, 51, 65, 82, 135, 141, Mandal Commission, 171, 311 217, 223, 242, 258, 260, 288, 291, 313 Mandarin Chinese, 274 MI5, 139 Mandela, Nelson, 176, 177, 312 Microsoft, 141, 173, 316 Mandler, Peter, 5 middle class, 8, 15, 32, 33, 37, 40, 53, 55, Manhattan Project, 181 56, 59, 61, 65, 66, 71, 79, 81, 102, 103, Mann, Michael, 185 114, 120, 123, 130, 131, 137, 150, 159, Mann, Thomas, 15 162, 169, 173, 177, 202, 209, 210, 213, Mansfield, Katherine, 220 224, 238, 240, 242, 245, 260, 291, 292, , 140, 305, 306, 309 311–314, 320, 321 Maori language, 275 Middle East, 2, 9, 13, 15, 16, 21, 23, 27, Maoris, 115 34, 39, 41, 42, 51, 53, 55, 57, 75, 97, Mappila, 33 110, 111, 120–122, 127, 129, 184, 195, Mapuche Indians, 306 238, 239, 244, 254, 256, 264, 269, 280, March on Rome (1922), 59 299, 302, 305, 306, 308, 311, 313 Marconi, Guglielmo, 181 Mill, James, 283

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Mill, John Stuart, 189, 283 Naoroji, Dadabhai, 190, 284 miners’ strike (UK), 174 Napoleonic Wars, 95 miracolo economico, il, 131 Narasimha Rao, P. V., 310 missionary activity, 112, 207, 241 Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 110 Misuratis, 299 National Algerian Movement, 90 Mitterrand, François, 167, 175 National Congress of British West Modi, Narendra, 245, 311, 319 Africa, 75, 77 Modigliani, Amedeo, 216 National Development and Reform Mohenjo-daro, 184 Commission, 293 Mokujiki Movement, 220 National Health Service (UK), 109 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 128 National Housing Act (Canada), 73 monarchy, 53–55, 60, 82, 120, 131 National Liberation Front, 90 , 94, 95 National Party (South Africa), 127 Mongolia, 236 National Rifle Association, 173, 317 Monkey Trials, 206, 241 National Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms nationalisation of banks, 93, 151, 154, (1919), 34 159, 175 Monti, Mario, 318 nationalism, 199, 220, 236, 237 Moore, Henry, 224 NATO, 300, 307 Moral Re-Armament, 242, 267 Nazi Party, 78, 80 Morgan, T. H., 180 Nazism, 8, 27, 50, 52, 58, 60, 61, 64, Mormonism, 234 68, 94, 130, 132, 138, 144, 198, Morocco; Rif rebellion (1920–1926), 250 242, 243 Mosley, Oswald, 59, 67, 70, 101 Negri, Antonio, 6, 10 Mossadegh, Mohammad, 134 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 34, 78, 238, 282, 285 Mountbatten, Louis, 108, 122, 253 neo-Buddhism, 127, 234 Moyn, Samuel, 5 neo-Confucianism, 56 Mubarak, Hosni, 304 neoliberalism, 40, 134, 141, 172, 175, Mufti of Jerusalem, 100 307, 309, 312, 313 Mugabe, Robert, 312 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 304 Mughal Empire, 185 Netherlands, 67, 78, 82, 103, 112, 199, Muhammad, the Prophet, 234 266, 284, 292 mui tsai, 259 Networks, 4, 6, 11, 65, 71, 187, 267, 306, mujahidin, 300 310 Mukerjee, Radhakamal, 295 New Deal, 61, 72, 93, 94, 102, 109, 110, Mumbai attacks (2008), 302 142, 173, 241, 318 Munich agreement (1938) Murderous New Economic Policy, 54, 63, 86, 93, Outrages Act (1867), 259 165, 196 mushairas, 228, 281 , 13, 21, 30, 31, 35, 75, Muslim Brotherhood, 2, 55, 78, 110, 95, 98, 99, 233, 305 168, 239, 244, 245, 267, 279, 281, New Life Movement, 52 299, 304 New Zealand, 13, 23, 38, 73, 74, 155, Muslim extremism, 2 161, 174, 199, 211, 231, 232, 272, 275, Mussolini, Benito, 58 287 Myanmar, 256 Newman, Barnett, 224 Myint-U, Thant, 226 Nguyen Ai Quoc. See Ho Chi Minh Nietzsche, Friedrich, 52 Nagas, 115, 232, 251 Nigeria, 75, 77, 89, 154, 176, 229, 244, Nagasaki, 30, 106, 136, 139, 181, 248, 255, 259, 301, 307, 312 251 (1967–1970), 255 Nanjing massacre (1937), 252 Nigerian Youth Movement, 76

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Nippon Kaigi, 309 238, 253, 254, 256, 259, 276, 280, 293, Nivedita, Sister, 217 299, 301, 302, 304, 306, 310, 311, 319 Nixon, Richard, 140, 146, 159, 172, 191 Pakistani Taliban, 302 Nkrumah, Kwame, 78, 154 Palatinate, 60 Non-Aligned Movement, 111 Palestine, 22–25, 33, 100, 119, 120, 138, North Korea, 126, 161, 165, 209, 236, 160, 207, 239, 278, 303, 304 310, 321 Pan-African Congress, 265 North Vietnam, 108 Pan-Asianism, 103 Northern Ireland, 70, 257 panchayats,34 Northwest Frontier Province, 121, 259 Pandey, Gyanendra, 253 Nozick, Robert, 198 Pandit, Vijaya Lakshmi, 268 Nu, U, 122 Pan-European Union, 265 nuclear power, 8, 140, 179, 181, 302 Pan-Islamism, 18 nuclear weapons, 8, 10, 106 Pan-Slavism, 243 Nuremberg trials, 252 Pant, G. B., 88 Nyerere, Julius, 283 Pan-, 243 Paraguay, 160 O’Brien, P. K., 5 Paris Assembly, 68 Oakeshott, Michael, 195 Parsons, Talcott, 192 Obama, Barack, 3, 274, 309, 318, 319 Parti colonial, 25 obesity, 292, 293 Partition of India, 253 Occupy Movement, 306 Pasternak, Boris, 229 oil, 10, 26, 32, 54, 55, 90, 103, 104, 106, Patton, George, 72 134, 155, 164–167, 240, 260, 269, 303– Peace Corps, 188 305, 307, 312, 313 Peace Treaties (1919), 27, 101 oligarchs, 10, 40, 192, 307, 308, 310 Peacekeeping, 300 Olympic Games, 210 Pearl Harbor, 103–106 One-Child Policy (China), 202, 258, Pearson, Karl, 295–296 291 peasant insurgencies, 124 opera, 108 Pende Revolt (1931), 90 Oppenheimer, Robert, 101 Peng, Chin, 267 Opus Dei, 267 Pentecostalism, 7, 203, 245, 246 Organisation of African Unity, 268 People’s Republic of China, 126 organised crime, 209, 261 , 165, 166, 290 Orthodox Church, 2, 62, 83, 205, 308 Perón, Eva, 200 Orwell, George, 101, 117 Perón, Juan, 58 Osterhammel, Jürgen, 1, 5 Perry, Grayson, 224 , 175 Persia, 13, 15, 16, 24, 32, 41, 51, 54, 55, Ottoman Empire, 13, 15, 18, 20–22, 25, 164, 185, 276 30, 32–33, 41, 42, 53, 120, 218, 232, Persian Cossack Brigade, 55 238, 248, 249, 299 Persian Revolution (1905–1911), 15 Ottoman Turkish, 22, 274 Pétain, Marshal Philippe, 102 Overy, Richard, 97 Peter the Great, 64 Owen, Wilfred, 218 Philby, Harry St John, 26 Philippines; -Japanese WWII massacres Pacific Islands, 13, 115 (1945), 106; -US occupation of, 113; Padmore, George, 77, 186 democracy, 205; -Catholic Church Pahlavi, Reza Shah, 32, 55 in, 205 Pakhtunistan, 121 Piaf, Edith, 227 Pakistan, 26, 108, 119, 121, 151, 155, Picasso, Pablo, 101 161, 168, 184, 196, 202, 203, 208, 229, pieds noirs, 76, 152, 156

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Piketty, Thomas, 3 Qur’an, 22, 245, 279 Piłsudski, General Józef, 62 Qutb, Sayyid, 78 Pink Wave, 159 Pinochet, Augusto, 159 Rabin, Yitzhak, 304 piracy, 260 race, 3, 15, 43, 45, 51, 52, 60, 70–72, 79, Pius XI, Pope, 51 98, 107, 115, 125, 155, 180, 181, 183, Pius XII, Pope, 51 185, 186, 200, 271–273, 281, 285, 295, Plath, Sylvia, 200 296 pogroms, anti-Jewish, 25 race relations, 71 Poland, 27, 62, 68, 102, 106, 107, 112, race riots, 273 129, 130, 164–167, 237, 264 race theory, 186, 251 Politburo, 63, 144, 165 race war, 51, 273, 295 Pollock, Jackson, 117, 224 Radcliffe-Brown, A. A., 186 pollution, 182, 293 Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli, 112 Pomeranz, Kenneth, 5 radical theology, 196 Popper, Karl, 324 RAF. See Royal Air Force Popular Front, 75, 79, 81, 243 Rancière, Jacques, 321 population growth, 11, 288–290, 295 Rand, Ayn, 219 population transfers; -in India, 120; -in Rangarajan, Mahesh, 294 Israel, 120; -in Ottoman Empire, 120 Rathenau, Walther, 79 Portugal, 62, 109 Rauschenberg, Robert, 224 Post-Structuralism, 225 Raw Materials Section (KRA), 43 Pot, Pol, 148, 207, 252 Rawls, John, 198 Potsdam, 106 Razakars, 253 Poverty, 5, 46, 70, 72, 89, 134, 151, 167, Reagan, Ronald, 3, 140, 146, 156, 163, 170, 174, 181, 190, 204, 247, 269, 285, 164, 168, 172, 241 289, 291, 307, 313, 314, 316 Red Army, 79, 128–130 Premchand, Munshi, 220 Red Army of the Ruhr, 79 Presley, Elvis, 227 , 156 Privatisation, 307 Red Crescent Society, 33, 264 Progressive movement (USA), 320 Red Cross, 111, 264 Progressive Writers’ Movement, 220, Red Guards, 147, 148, 208 229 Red Menace, 74 Prohibition, 45, 71, 72 (1919–1920), 71 Prokofiev, Sergei, 222 re-education, 209 prostitution, 259, 261 Reich, Wilhelm, 201 Protestant Unionism, 16 Reichsbank, 91 Proust, Marcel, 216 religion, 6, 7, 10, 15, 27, 51, 53, 57, 59, Provisional IRA, 174 129, 148, 150, 172, 173, 179, 180, 184, Prussia, 60 192, 195, 197–199, 205, 206, 208, 216, Psy, 228 231–246, 270, 271, 273, 278–281 Pussy Riot, 308 Remarque, Erich Maria, 218 Putin, Vladimir, 307, 319 Representation of the People Act (1918), 69 al-Qaeda, 5, 153, 212, 244, 257, 301, Republican Party, 110, 314, 318 303 reunification of Vietnam, 148 Qajar dynasty, 32 Reynolds, Joshua, 225 Qichao, Liang, 68, 190 Rhineland, 44, 46, 59, 61, 79, 80, 101, Qing Empire, 15, 37 265, 273 Quakers, 280 Rhodes, Cecil, 9 Quit India Movement, 104, 131 Ricardo, David, 189

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Rida, Rashid, 239 Sarraut, Albert, 25 Rivera, Diego, 41, 222 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 117, 158, 187, 225 Rivers, W. H. R., 186 Sassoon, Siegfried, 218 Robinson, Joan, 191 satyagraha, 34, 238 Rocco, Alfredo, 58 Saud, Abdulaziz Ibn, 21 Rockefeller Foundation, 111 Saudi Arabia, 26, 181, 196, 202, 240, Rolling Stones, 141, 227 301, 321 Roma gypsies, 308 Savarkar, V. D., 171, 238, 267 Romania, 164 Sayyid Ahmad of Rai Bareilly, 301 Rommel, General Erwin, 102 Scarcity, 150, 288, 292, 297 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 200 Schacht, Hjalmar, 91 Roosevelt, Theodore, 13, 15, 16 Schmidt, Helmut, 175 Rorty, Richard, 198 Schmitt, Carl, 52, 198 Rosanvallon, Pierre, 198 Schoenberg, Arnold, 216 Rosenberg, Emily, 1, 4 Schumpeter, Joseph, 13 Rosenthal, Laurent, 6 Schuster, George, 87 Rothko, Mark, 224 Scientology, 234 Roy, M. N., 266 Scotland, 174, 242, 304 Royal Air Force (RAF), 102 Scots Gaelic, 275 Rushdie, Salman, 225 Scott, James C., 188 Russell, Bertrand, 68, 190, 198, 220 Scottish National Party, 309 Russia, 25, 26, 30, 32, 33, 37, 40, 42, 43, Scriabin, Alexander, 222 45–48, 51, 52, 55, 56, 60, 62–64, 79– Second Anglo-Afghan War 81, 96, 103, 104, 106, 112, 123, 128, (1878–1880), 33 141, 150, 153, 163–167, 170, 176, 191, Second Republic (Spain), 82 205, 209, 211, 212, 216–219, 222, 228, Second World War, 84, 88, 89, 91, 93, 244, , 249, 259, 261, 269, 277, 287, 94, 96, 105, 110, 113, 114, 119, 121, 289, 290, 294, 298, 300, 302, 307, 308, 123, 126–128, 138, 140, 150, 152, 155, 310, 319 181, 187, 190, 200, 203, 226, 227, 240, , 25 242–244, 249–251, 253, 266, 267, 290, Russian Provisional Government 292, 295, 296 (1917), 51 sectarianism, 167–169 (1905), 216 secularism, 2, 6, 40, 55, 161, 195, Russian revolution, (1917), 42 205–207, 237–239, 241, 243 Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), 37 segregation, 155, 176 Rwanda, 255, 256, 299 Selassie, Haile, 55, 98 Seligman, G. C., 186 al-Shaker, Bassim, 229 Sen, Amartya, 191 SA, 52, 61, 64, 251 Senate (US), 73, 133, 318 Said, Edward, 188 Senegal, 25, 76, 81 al-Said, Nuri, 120 September 11th 2001. See 9/11 Salafism, 279 Serbia, 16, 17, 26, 27, 33, 42, 186, Salazar, Antonio de Oliveria, 156 256, 300 Samurai, 13, 51, 57, 237 sex, 115, 181, 183, 197, 199–201, 203, San, Aung, 103, 107, 122 204, 208–212, 228, 244, 258, 259, 262, sanctions, 144, 145, 195, 196, 209, 313 272, 293, 321 Sandberg, Sheryl, 201 sex workers, 204 Sanskrit, 276 Sexton, Anne, 200 Sanskritisation, 188 sexual equality, 115, 200 Sarikamish, Battle of (1914), 19 sexual revolution, 199 Sarkar, Jadunath, 185 sexual violence, 199

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al-Shabab, 257 Solomon Islanders, 187 Shakespeare, William, 272 Somalia, 301, 307 Shanghai School, 217 Sonderweg, 50, 74 Sharia Council, 100, 278 Soros, George, 192 Sharia law, 202 South Africa, 13, 16, 31, 34, 39, 41, 73, Sharif Hussein of Mecca, 22, 25 89, 90, 127, 142, 155, 156, 163, 166, Sharifian dynasty (Iraq), 53 172, 174, 176, 177, 195, 210, 211, 223, Sharifian sultanate (Morocco), 30 233, 255, 268, 271–273, 279, 284, 285, Sharpeville Massacre (1960), 142 296, 311 Sheffield, 330 South African War (1899–1902), 31 Shia Islam, 168, 245 South China Sea, 9, 10, 260, 269, 309 Shia Revolt (1936), 54 South Korea, 7, 107, 137, 143, 165, 169, Shia triangle, 303 170, 228, 245, 310 Shikai, Yuan, 36 South Manchuria Railway Company, 9, 99 Shintoism, 51, 57, 65, 83, 208, 237, 279 South Sudan, 256, 305 Shintoism, 261, 279 South Vietnam, 235, 261 Shiv Sena, 311 Southeast Asia, 5, 6, 16, 20, 37, 76, 84, Siberia, 13, 104, 113, 209, 231 97, 100, 103, 106, 108, 111, 112, 115, Sierra Leone, 255 122, 123, 127, 137, 141, 142, 145, 148, Sikhism, 208 151, 170, 233, 237, 240, 266, 268, 269, Silicon Valley, 275 277, 278, 280, 285, 296, 309, 319 Singapore, 26, 33, 57, 104, 122, 165, Southern Rhodesia, 76, 157 169, 182, 226, 275–277, 285, 310, 315 Soviet aid, 126 Singh, B. P., 171 Soviet invasion of Hungary (1956), 133 Singh, Manmohan, 172 Soviet Young Pioneers, 52 single currency, 163, 175, 308 Spain, 30, 46, 47, 51, 59–61, 81, 82, 101, Sinn Fein, 16, 70 109, 135, 156, 225, 235, 242, 243, 250, Sino-Soviet split, 145 316, 318 Sino-Vietnam War, 145 Spanish, 8, 14, 16, 30, 47, 51, 61, 71, slavery, 272, 274 152, 206, 225, 242, 247, 250, 274, 275, Slim, General William, 106 278, 309 Slovenia, 251, 300 Spanish Civil War (1936–1940), 100 Sluga, Glenda, 264 Spartacist revolt (1919), 20 Smallholders Party (Hungary), 129 Spengler, Oswald, 17, 319 Smith, Adam, 189 sport, 8, 45, 59, 60, 177, 208–212, 292, Smuts, General Jan, 73 294, 320 Sneevliet, Henk, 266 sputnik (satellite), 113, 144, 181, 294 Snowden, Edward, 321 squadristi, 56, 59, 70, 95 social Darwinism, 248, 271, 273 Sri Lanka, 254, 256, 278 Social Democratic Party (Germany), 16, Srinivas, M. N., 188 79 SS, 52, 251 Social Revolutionary Party (Russia), 63 St. Augustine of Hippo, 197, 198 Social Security Act (1935), 72 stagflation, 173, 191 socialism, 6, 9, 10, 19, 56, 60, 63, 68, 69, Stakhanov, Alexey, 64 86, 98, 110, 112, 127, 133, 141, 148, Stakhanovite movements, 64 149, 163, 165, 167, 172, 178, 196, 206, Stalin, 9, 41, 45, 49, 50, 52, 63, 64, 67, 218, 219, 237, 241–243, 245, 283 68, 93, 95, 100–104, 106, 107, 110, Socialism in One Country, 9, 63 112, 128, 129, 133, 143–146, 148, 161, Socialist Party (Japan), 137, 175 165, 196, 222, 225, 236, 250, 251, 268, Solidarity, 13, 58, 114, 135, 164, 167, 290, 310 237, 245, 261, 309 Stalingrad, Battle of, 105, 113, 128

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Stallone, Sylvester, 228 Taiping rebellion, 97, 234 , 130 Taiwan, 37, 99, 103, 126, 169, 170, 241 state capitalism, 7, 91, 147, 169 Taliban, 8, 100, 148, 164, 168, 172, 196, Statute of Westminster (1931), 73 202, 276, 301, 302 Stavisky Affair (1934), 81 Tambo, Oliver, 176 Steinbeck, John, 219 Tamil Tigers, 254 Sterling, Donald, 211 Tanganyika, 31 Stern Gang, 119 Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme, 127 Stevenson, David, 18 Tanzania, 312 Stewart, Rory, 304 Tanzimât reforms, 239 Stiglitz, Joseph, 3 Tawney, R. H., 69 Stilwell, General Joseph, 106, 125 Taylor, A. J. P., 96 Strachan, Hew, 18, 42 Taylor, Charles, 194, 255 Straits Settlement, 259 Tea Party movement, 212, 317, Strauss, Leo, 80, 195 318, 321 Stravinsky, Igor, 216, 226 technological developments, 129 Stresemann, Gustav, 80 Telang, K. T., 190 Structuralism, 185, 187, 188 Telangana Movement, 121 Subaltern Studies, 5, 188 Telangana revolt, 253 sub-Saharan Africa, 31, 142, 233, 269, 320 Tendulkar, Sachin, 211 Sudan, 8, 15, 76, 102, 202, 232, 240, Tennessee Valley Scheme, 72 256, 259, 299, 305 Territorial Army, 114 Suez Canal, 23, 78, 119, 120 Terrorism, 44, 245, 262, 314 , 23, 78 Tet Offensive (1968), 145 Suffragette movement, 39, 71, 200 Thailand, 169, 273, 315, 319 Suffragettes, 16, 39, 71, 200 Thatcher, Margaret, 3, 156, 163, 174, Sufism, 195, 232, 233, 236, 240, 245, 191, 268 285 Theosophy, 83, 216, 234 Sukarno, Achmad, 124 Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919– Sullivan, Michael, 220 1920), 33 Sumatra, 124, 260 Third Reich, 17, 130, 265 Sunni Islam, 10, 22, 25, 27, 53, 54, 120, Third World, 93, 145 122, 128, 168, 245, 280, 303, 304 Thompson, E. P., 5 Supreme Court, 135, 173 Tiananmen Square (1989), 169 Surrealist movement, 219 Tito, Josip Broz, 62 Swadeshi, 16, 217, 218 Toda people, 186 Swahili, 278 Tokyo earthquake, 92 Sweden, 67, 86, 273 Tolstoy, Leo, 197 Swettenham, Frank, 284 Tooze, Adam, 18, 21, 42 Switzerland, 19, 218 tourism, 131, 261, 312 Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916), 2, 23 Toynbee, Arnold, 185 Sylvester, 203, 228 Trabant, 144 Syria, 8–10, 21–25, 27, 100, 207, 239, Transavantgarde movement, 225 255–257, 269, 277, 280, 288, 299, 303, Trans-Jordan, 22, 23, 55, 304 304 Trans-Siberian railway, 9 Syrian civil war (2011–2013), 304 (1885), 31 Treaty of Lausanne (1923), 27 Tablighi Jamaat, 267 Treaty of Rapallo (1922), 79 Taft, William, 15 Treaty of Waitangi (1840), 74 Tagore, Abanindranath, 217 Tribal Civil and Criminal Disputes Tagore, Rabindranath, 217, 220 Regulation, 24

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tribal people, 40, 115, 136, 232, 245, 242, 246, 249, 251, 252, 253, 258, 262, 271, 282 264, 265, 268, 269, 272, 273, 274, 275, , 19 277, 279, 290, 291, 292, 296, 298, 302, Tripoli, 24, 240 303, 304, 306, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, Trobriand islanders, 186 315, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, Trocki, Carl, 259 325, 326, 329, 330 Trotsky, Leon, 63, 64, 221, 223 of America, 323 Troubles, the, 157 Universal Declaration of Human Rights Truman, Harry, 106, 109, 126, 133, 134, (1948), 268 268 Universal Races Congress (1911), 273 Truth and Reconciliation Commission universal suffrage, 68, 77, 79, 155 (South Africa), 177 University of Cambridge, 2 Tunisia, 279 Upper Silesia, 61, 264 Turkey, 23, 26, 27, 53, 55, 238, 239, 245, Urabi rebellion (1881), 22 249, 250, 319 urbanisation, 11, 43, 51, 92, 110, 147, Turkification, 22, 26, 249 167, 241, 258, 282, 286, 289, 293 Turkish War of Independence, 47 Urdu, 220, 254, 274, 278 Tutsi, 248, 255, 300 Uruguay, 159, 160, 313 Twitter, 213, 313 USSR, 2, 9, 23, 41, 45, 47, 48, 50, 62–64, 68, 80, 86, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 103, 105– U-2 Incident, 133 108, 110, 112, 113, 123, 127–130, 133– Uganda, 76, 127, 155, 204, 223, 255 135, 139, 140, 143–146, 148, 151–155, Uighurs, 305 157–161, 164–170, 172–174, 176, 178, Ujamaa, 283 180, 181, 189, 193, 200, 206, 208, 213, UK Independence Party (UKIP), 274 218–220, 222, 225, 229, 236, 265, 266, UK Treasury, 88 268, 277, 290, 300, 307–310 Ukraine, 2, 63, 64, 106, 129, 144, 166, US–Vietnam War (1962–1973), 162, 211, 251, 256, 299, 308 224 ulama, 24, 30, 236, 239, 245 Uzbekistan, 166 Ulster, 70, 242 UN Convention on Weapons, 257 V2 rockets, 257 UN Security Council, 269 van Dyck, Anthony, 225 UNESCO, 9, 188, 198, 267–269, 296 Vargas, Getulio, 92 Ungaretti, Giuseppe, 218 Varma, Raja Ravi, 217 Union Minière, 90 Vatican, 237, 242 Union of American States, 155 , 164 Union of South Africa (1910), 73 Venezuela, 306, 312, 313 United Fruit Conglomerate, 136 Venice Film Festival, 219 United Kingdom, see Britain Vespasian, Emperor, 310 United Nations (UN), 98, 111, 121, 124, Victoria, Queen, 199 138, 154, 155, 188, 268, 272, 296, 300 Viet Minh, 108, 123, 124, 145, 207, 267, United States, 2, 3, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 277 36, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45, 48, 50, 57, 62, Viet Nam Quoc Dan Dang 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 79, 82, (VNQDD), 81 84–87, 90, 91, 93–94, 97, 98, 102, 103, Vietnam, 6, 108, 112, 115, 122–126, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110, 113, 124, 129, 137, 138, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 132, 133–138, 139–158, 163, 164, 165, 148, 149, 152, 158, 160, 165, 170, 166, 168, 169, 170, 172, 175, 180, 181, 186, 191, 200, 206, 208, 209, 222– 183, 186, 187, 193, 194, 195, 196, 199, 225, 228, 234, 235, 237, 244, 248, 200, 204, 206, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 252–254, 260, 261, 266, 273, 275, 213, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223, 227, 241, 277, 298, 307

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Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia Wilde, Oscar, 203 (1978), 148 Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 50 Villa, Francisco, 40 Wilhelmina of the Netherlands, Vivekananda, Swami, 233 Queen, 199 Volcker, Paul, 173 Wilson, Harold, 157 Volkswagen, 144, 182 Wilson, Woodrow, 38, 264, 265 von Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald, 42 Win, Ne, 122 von Moltke, Helmuth, 17 Winter Olympic Games, 211 von Papen, Franz, 91 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 198 von Sternberg, Josef, 219 Wojtyła, Karol (see Pope John Paul II) Voting Rights Act (1965), 142 women’s rights, 71, 265 Wong, R. Bin, 6 Wafd Party, 24, 27, 55, 78, 110, 239, 281 Workers’ Party (Brazil), 313 Wahhab, Abdul, 240 working class, 5, 8, 20, 23, 40, 51, 59, 63– Wahhabism, 195, 244 65, 68, 70, 82, 88, 91, 116, 123, 130, Wailing Wall Riots, 25 146, 160, 190, 211, 269, 306, 314, 316 Wales, 174 Works Progress Administration, 72, 94 Wałesa,̨ Lech, 167 World Bank, 8, 190, 192. 269, 315, 317 Wall Street Crash, 69, 91 World Health Organization Walloons, 309 (WHO), 269, 293 War Communism, 63 World Parliament of Religions War in the Pacific, 181 (1893), 15, 232 war reparations, 59, 85, 90 Wozniak, Stephen, 141 Warhol, Andy, 224 warlordism, 48 Xiaoping, Deng, 147, 148, 169, 309 wars of fragmentation, 7, 9, 11, 214, 256, Xiaotong, Fei, 186 269, 298, 299, 304–306, 309, 313 , 166 Yakuza, 261 Washington Naval Treaty (1922), 38 Yalta, 106 water tables, 4, 289 Yat-sen, Sun, 36, 51, 55 Watergate scandal, 140 Yazidis, 10 wealth redistribution, 313 Yeltsin, Boris, 166, 307 Weber, Max, 7, 80, 180, 186, 192, 233, Yemen, 303 279 Yew, Lee Kuan, 276, 285 Webern, Anton, 226 Yiddish, 252 Weimar Republic, 46, 49, 51, 59, 60, 68, Young Communist Pioneers, 206 79, 80, 83, 91, 132, 200, 218 Young Turk revolution (1908), 15, Weiwei, Ai, 229 21–23, 249 Welfare State, 8, 9, 70, 79, 86, 94, 97, Yousafzai, Malala, 202, 276 131, 132, 134, 153, , 161, 192, 290, 315 youth culture, 137, 140–143 Wellesley, Lord, 247 Yugoslavia, 27, 62, 65, 68, 107, 108, 130, Wells, H. G., 48 166, 299, 300, 308 Werner, Michael, 1 Yutang, Lin, 329 Wessel, Horst, 61 West Bank; -Jewish settlements in, 304 Zaibatsu,9 West Germany (Federal Republic of Zamindari Abolition Acts Germany), 132, 157, 158 (1949–1951), 150 whaling, 260 Zapata, Emiliano, 40 White Army, 13 Zapatista movement, 40, 306, 313 White Dominions, 39, 72 Zedong, Mao, 6, 37, 56, 118, 125, 146, Wikileaks, 213 236, 267

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Zhenhua, Xie, 293 Zimmermann, Bénédicte, 1, 6 Zhijie, Qiu, 222 Zinoman, Peter, 267 Zhimo, Xu, 220 Zinoviev, Grigory, 64 Zia-ul-Haq, General Muhammad, Zintanis, 299 168 , 11, 21, 198 ̌ Zimbabwe, 157, 273, 312 Zizek,̌ Slavoj, 10, 50, 222, 321

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