DOCSLIB.ORG

Reclaiming Their Shadow: Ethnopolitical Mobilization in Consolidated Democracies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Reclaiming their Shadow: Ethnopolitical Mobilization in Consolidated Democracies Ph. D. Dissertation by Britt Cartrite Department of Political Science University of Colorado at Boulder May 1, 2003 Dissertation Committee: Professor William Safran, Chair; Professor James Scarritt; Professor Sven Steinmo; Associate Professor David Leblang; Professor Luis Moreno. Abstract: In recent decades Western Europe has seen a dramatic increase in the political activity of ethnic groups demanding special institutional provisions to preserve their distinct identity. This mobilization represents the relative failure of centuries of assimilationist policies among some of the oldest nation-states and an unexpected outcome for scholars of modernization and nation-building. In its wake, the phenomenon generated a significant scholarship attempting to account for this activity, much of which focused on differences in economic growth as the root cause of ethnic activism. However, some scholars find these models to be based on too short a timeframe for a rich understanding of the phenomenon or too narrowly focused on material interests at the expense of considering institutions, culture, and psychology. In response to this broader debate, this study explores fifteen ethnic groups in three countries (France, Spain, and the United Kingdom) over the last two centuries as well as factoring in changes in Western European thought and institutions more broadly, all in an attempt to build a richer understanding of ethnic mobilization. Furthermore, by including all “national minorities” in these three countries, groups not often taken account of in comparative studies will be incorporated into the analysis presented here, perhaps avoiding errors resulting from selecting only currently highly mobilized groups. This study finds that when the evolution of cultural and political contexts are taken into account, ethnic mobilization appears as a long process tied directly to the expansion of norms of democracy and group rights, the nature of the national identity, and the distinctiveness of the ethnic identity. Table of Contents Dissertation Approval 1 Tables, Figures, and Maps 2 Acknowledgements 3 Introduction: The Shadow of Ethnic Identity 5 Chapter 1: Assumptions, Definitions, and Analytic Frameworks 16 Chapter 2: European Thought and Institutions – 43 The Evolving Supra-national Context Chapter 3: Ethnopolitical Mobilization Under Jacobin Nationalism – 80 The Case of France Chapter 4: Ethnopolitical Mobilization Under Ethnic Nationalism – 120 The Case of Spain Chapter 5: Ethnopolitical Mobilization Under Civic Nationalism – 150 The Case of the United Kingdom Chapter 6: How Different is Different Enough? 202 Group-level Factors and Ethnopolitical Mobilization Conclusion: Towards a New Model of Ethnopolitical Mobilization 289 References 304 Appendix 323 Insert Dissertation approval form in place of this page 1 Tables, Figures, and Maps Tables 1-1: Components of ethnicity 19 1-2: Comparison of national identity 41 4-1: Ideological and centralist/regionalist cleavages in Spain 135 4-2: Competing bases of Spanish identity 147 A-1: Comparing elements of groupcon 331 A-2: Testing constructed elements of ethnicity 336 Figures 7-1: A generalized model of ethnopolitical mobilization 289 7-2: Group factor interactions 293 7-3: Group-state factor interactions 296 7-4: Group-state-European factor interactions 298 Maps 3-1: Languages and dialects of France 83 3-2: The expansion of France 84 3-3: Patois-speaking communes, 1863 93 3-4: Entrenched areas of patios 95 3-5: France’s “natural” boundaries 114 4-1: The Reconquista 125 4-2: Spanish kingdoms in 1360 128 4-3: The Autonomous Communities of Spain 141 5-1: Roman Britain 151 5-2: The Anglo-Saxon invasion 155 5-3: The Viking interregnum 158 5-4: The plantation of Ireland 175 6-1: France-Alsace 215 6-2: France-Basques 218 6-3: France-Bretons 223 6-4: France-Catalans 230 6-5: France-Corsicans 232 6-6: France-Flamands 237 6-7: France-Occitans 239 6-8: Spain-Basques 243 6-9: Spain-Catalans 252 6-10: Spain-Galicians 262 6-11: United Kingdom-Cornish 266 6-12: United Kingdom-Northern Irish Catholics 270 6-13: United Kingdom-Scots 276 6-14: United Kingdom-Welsh 282 2 Acknowledgements A project the size of a dissertation causes one to incur too many debts to too many people for all of them to be appropriately acknowledged. The same holds true for me and my work. However, there are a few people I wish to recognize here. First, Professor William Safran, who, as chair of my dissertation committee, advisor, mentor, and friend continually challenged me to push myself and my research further. Luis Moreno, whose expertise and collegiality in Belfast, Paris, and via e-mail was a constant source of knowledge, encouragement, and friendship. Sven Steinmo, who forced me to develop and maintain focus when my research and interests led me on numerous tangents and demanded I write something people could actually read. And the other members of my committee, David Leblang and James Scarritt, whose perspectives and insights helped broaden both my methodological approaches and my analyses. I would also like to thank members of the IPSA Research Committee on Ethnicity and Politics, and in particular Ramón Máiz, for enduring early presentations of research in Belfast and Paris that resulted in this project. The faculty and staff of the Department of Political Science at the University of Colorado, whose friendship and invaluable assistance over the years made this project possible. And my fellow grad students alongside whom I managed to survive seminars, comprehensive exams, long hours of research and frustration, to emerge on the other side. Finally, and most importantly, I would like to thank members of my family, the Tolers, Cartrites, and Kellehers, whose years of encouragement and support have been so important to reaching this point. My two beautiful children, Luke and Emma, 3 who remind me every day of what really matters in life. And finally, my amazing wife Nancy, the most wonderful partner in this project: Without her I would not have done so much so quickly in my studies, let alone have built such a wonderful family along the way; Nancy, in the years that come I hope to repay at least part of all you have given to me. 4 Introduction: The Shadow of Ethnic Identity Peter Schlemiel’s Wonderful Story1 Once upon a time there lived a man named Peter Schlemiel. After attending a wonderful party at which there was evidence of magic, he set out to find the purveyor of these tricks. Upon meeting the man, the man made Peter a rather intriguing offer: sell his shadow for a magic bag which produced endless wealth. Peter, being a good homo economicus, made the exchange. Peter’s sudden economic good fortune had an unexpected side-effect, however: He soon found that, despite his great wealth, people reviled Peter wherever he went for his shadowless state. He attempted to hide his condition in a variety of ways: traveling only at night, in carriages, or in forests; hosting parties only by torchlight; having a servant stand next to him to provide a shadow. In each location, however, his secret was eventually discovered and made public, forcing Peter to move on. The protagonist undertook a variety of strategies to restore his more natural condition. At one point he even attempted to have a shadow painted for him, only to have the artist (who was quite disgusted at the thought of working for a patron sans shadow) inform him that Peter would be 1 Adelbert von Chamisso, 1993, Peter Schlemiels Wundersame Geschichte [Peter Schlemiel’s Wonderful Story] (Columbia SC: Camden House). 5 required to stand in one place for the effect to work. After a year and a day of shadowlessness, having suffered extortion, humiliation, and lonliness, Peter again met the man in possession of his shadow and attempted to reverse the exchange. However, the man informed Peter that he must pay the dearer price of his soul for the return of his shadow. The Devil, revealing his true nature, even loaned Peter his old shadow for a brief time to remind Peter of the beautiful condition he had so recklessly bartered away. Peter, perhaps wisely, refused to part with his soul, but his attempt to steal his shadow from the Devil failed, leaving Peter despondent. The tale ends with Peter, having thrown away his magic purse but now in possession of a pair of magic boots, traveling the world exploring its many wonders. His lack of a shadow rendered him an outcast, but Peter made the best of his situation and ended his days in relative contentment collecting flora and fauna from across the globe but in isolation. The fable concludes with Peter advising: “I say that if you wish to live among your fellow man, learn to value your shadow more than gold. If, on the other hand, you choose to live only for the sake of your own better self, then you need no advice from me (Chamisso 1993, 87)”. Most scholars agree that Peter Schlemiel’s shadow represents national or ethnic identity.2 While Peter does eventually decline to sell his soul to regain his shadow, the story illustrates that only a fool (hence the name Schlemiel: God’s Fool) 2 Evidence for this argument is substantiated in letters written by Chamisso at the time, reflecting his own self-perceived lack of nationality. For example, he writes in a letter to a friend: “I am a Frenchman in Germany and a German in France; a Catholic among the Protestants, Protestant among Catholics; a philosopher among the religious…, a mundane among the savants, and a pedant to the mundane; Jacobin among the aristocrats, and to the democrats a nobleman, a man of the Ancien Regime… Nowhere am I at home…!” And later: “The world events of the year 1813, in which I was not able to take an active part – for I had forfeited a fatherland, or rather had not yet adopted one – tore me apart repeatedly, without deflecting me from my chosen path.
Recommended publications
  • Unity in Diversity, Volume 2

    Unity in Diversity, Volume 2

    Unity in Diversity, Volume 2 Unity in Diversity, Volume 2: Cultural and Linguistic Markers of the Concept Edited by Sabine Asmus and Barbara Braid Unity in Diversity, Volume 2: Cultural and Linguistic Markers of the Concept Edited by Sabine Asmus and Barbara Braid This book first published 2014 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2014 by Sabine Asmus, Barbara Braid and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-5700-9, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-5700-0 CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................. vii Cultural and Linguistic Markers of the Concept of Unity in Diversity Sabine Asmus Part I: Cultural Markers Chapter One ................................................................................................ 3 Questions of Identity in Contemporary Ireland and Spain Cormac Anderson Chapter Two ............................................................................................. 27 Scottish Whisky Revisited Uwe Zagratzki Chapter Three ........................................................................................... 39 Welsh
  • Thesis Rests with Its Author

    Thesis Rests with Its Author

    University of Bath PHD Identity in a post-communist Balkan state: A study in north Albania Saltmarshe, Douglas Award date: 1999 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 IDENTITY IN A POST-COMMUNIST BALKAN STATE: A STUDY IN NORTH ALBANIA Submitted by Douglas Saltmarshe for the degree of PhD of the University of Bath 1999 COPYRIGHT Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with its author. This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that everyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and that no quotation from the thesis and no information derived from it may be published without the prior consent of its author.
  • War of Words: Daniel Defoe and the 1707 Union Anne M

    War of Words: Daniel Defoe and the 1707 Union Anne M

    War of Words: Daniel Defoe and the 1707 Union Anne M. McKim Thus, on both Sides, the case stood between the nations, a Pen and Ink War made a daily Noise in either Kingdom, and this served to Exasperate the People in such a manner, one against another, that never have two Nations Run upon one another in such a manner, and come off without Blows.1 The Union of Scotland and England on 1 May 1707 was – and for some still is – undoubtedly contentious. Polemic and political pamphleteering flourished at the time, reflecting and fanning the debate, while the newssheets and jour- nals of the day provided lively opinion pieces and a good deal of propaganda. Recent commentators have recognised the importance of public discourse and public opinion regarding the Union on the way to the treaty. Leith Davis goes as far as to say that the ‘new British nation was constructed from the dialogue that took place regarding its potential existence’.2 While the treaty articles were still being debated by the last Scottish parlia- ment, Daniel Defoe, who had gone to Scotland specifically to promote the Union, began compiling his monumental History of the Union of Great Britain in Edinburgh.3 He expected to see it published before the end of 1707 although, for reasons that are still not entirely clear, it was not published until late 1709 or early 1710.4 As David Hayton notes, ‘a great deal of it must already have 1 Daniel Defoe, The History of the Union of Great Britain, D. W.
  • MAURICE DUVERGER, UN JURISTE SOUS VICHY EN 1940-1941 Fantin FABRE1

    MAURICE DUVERGER, UN JURISTE SOUS VICHY EN 1940-1941 Fantin FABRE1

    MAURICE DUVERGER, UN JURISTE SOUS VICHY EN 1940-1941 Fantin FABRE1 Para citar este artículo puede utilizarse el siguiente formato: Fantin Fabre (2015): «Maurice Duverger, un juriste sous Vichy en 1940-1941», en Revista europea de historia de las ideas políticas y de las instituciones públicas, nº 9 (diciembre 2015). Puede leerse este artículo en línea en: http://www.eumed.net/rev/rehipip/09/duverger-vichy.html. RESUME : Âgé de vingt-trois ans, Maurice Duverger débute dans la doctrine avec une présentation des textes du régime de Vichy modifiant le statut des fonctionnaires. Ces derniers prévoyaient d'exclure les juifs de la fonction publique. L'article de M. Duverger lui a posé problème à plusieurs reprises. Il est étudié la façon dont l'auteur, par l'utilisation de l'exégèse en fonction de la posture qu'il prétend avoir eu, s'est retrouvé dans une impasse méthodologique. Des raisons paradoxales aux implications concrètes, M. Duverger n'est pas sans ambiguïté dans sa démarche. Il est important de savoir l'erreur qui a été faite afin d'éviter de la reproduire. MOTS-CLEFS : Doctrine, Exégèse, Positivisme, Vichy, Fonction publique, Neutralité, Méthodologie, Science du droit, Responsabilité. ABSTRACT : Twenty three years old, Maurice Duverger begins in the doctrine with a presentation of the texts of the Vichy's Regim modifying the status of the state employees. This texts planned to exclude the Jews of the public service. The M. Duverger's article raised him problem repeatedly. It is studied that the way the author, by the use of the exegesis according to the posture whom he claims to have had, found himself in a methodological dead end.
  • In Galicia, Spain (1860-1936)

    In Galicia, Spain (1860-1936)

    Finisterra, XXXIII, 65, 1998, pp. 117-128 SUBSTATE NATION-BUILDING AND GEOGRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF ‘THE OTHER’ IN GALICIA, SPAIN (1860-1936) JACOBO GARCÍA -ÁLVAREZ 1 Abstract: The ‘social construction’ of otherness and, broadly speaking, the ideological-political use of ‘external’ socio-spatial referents have become important topics in contemporary studies on territorial identities, nationalisms and nation-building processes, geography included. After some brief, introductory theoretical reflections, this paper examines the contribution of geographical discourses, arguments and images, sensu lato , in the definition of the external socio-spatial identity referents of Galician nationalism in Spain, during the period 1860-1936. In this discourse Castile was typically represented as ‘the other’ (the negative, opposition referent), against which Galician identity was mobilised, whereas Portugal, on the one hand, together with Ireland and the so-called ‘Atlantic-Celtic nationalities’, on the other hand, were positively constructed as integrative and emulation referents. Key-words : Nationalism, nation-building, socio-spatial identities, external territorial referents, otherness, Spain, Galicia, Risco, Otero Pedrayo, Portugal, Atlantism, pan-Celtism. Résumé: LA CONSTRUCTION D ’UN NATIONALISME SOUS -ETATIQUE ET LES REPRESENTATIONS GEOGRAPHIQUES DE “L’A UTRE ” EN GALICE , E SPAGNE (1860-1936) – La formation de toute identité est un processus dialectique et dualiste, en tant qu’il implique la manipulation et la mobilisation de la “différence”
  • DAS SÜDOSTEUROPA DER REGIONEN Herausgegeben Von

    DAS SÜDOSTEUROPA DER REGIONEN Herausgegeben Von

    DAS SÜDOSTEUROPA DER REGIONEN Herausgegeben von Oliver Jens Schmitt und Michael Metzeltin ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN PHILOSOPHISCH-HISTORISCHE KLASSE SITZUNGSBERICHTE, 858. BAND DAS SÜDOSTEUROPA DER REGIONEN herausgegeben von OLIVER JENS SCHMITT UND MICHAEL METZELTIN Vorgelegt von w. M. Oliver Jens Schmitt in der Sitzung vom 9. Oktober 2014 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie, detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Umschlagbild: Generalkarte 300.000. Balkanhalbinsel. Blatt 13 (Seres). Erstellt vom K.K. Militär-geografischen Institut. Wien 1880–1890. Diese Publikation wurde einem anonymen, internationalen Peer-Review-Verfahren unterzogen. This publication has undergone the process of anonymous, international peer review. Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt, frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. ISBN 978-3-7001-7726-5 Copyright © 2015 by Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien Satz: Maria Scherrer Schreibbüro, A-8045 Graz Druck und Bindung: Sowa Sp. z.o.o., Warschau http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/7726-5 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at Inhaltsverzeichnis Oliver Jens Schmitt–Michael Metzeltin Das Südosteuropa der Regionen .................................................... 7 Ludwig Steindorff Slawonien und Syrmien ...............................................................
  • NMR Project Proposal

    NMR Project Proposal

    www.ssoar.info National minority 'regions' in the enlarged European Union: mobilizing for third level politics? Malloy, Tove H. Arbeitspapier / working paper Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Malloy, T. H. (2005). National minority 'regions' in the enlarged European Union: mobilizing for third level politics? (ECMI Working Paper, 24). Flensburg: European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI). https://nbn-resolving.org/ urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-63119 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under Deposit Licence (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, non- Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, transferable, individual and limited right to using this document. persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses This document is solely intended for your personal, non- Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für commercial use. All of the copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the above-stated vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder conditions of use. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an.
  • O N E Ücague

    O N E Ücague

    ISSN 0257-7860 SOp Sterling N r. 54 SUMMER 1986 ScRift-Celt ’86 CuiM^Nic^ aiR CRuaöal NaN DaoiNe AftGR EleCtiONS: Pause to tt}iNk BRitisIi BoMbiNq Mi stäke 'Oje iRisb iN ScotJaNö MilitaRisatioN o f CoRNwall iRisb LaNQuaqe News O n e ü c A G u e AIBA: CCYMUNN CEIU64CH • BRE1ZH: KE/RE KEUIEK Cy/URU: UNDEB CELMIDD 'EIRE: CONR4DH CEIITWCH K ER N O W : KESUNY/flNS KELTER • /VW NNINICQ/V1MEEYS CEITWGH ALBA na Tuirceis cuideachd. Chan fhaca Murchaidh Mar sin chunnaic iad na murtaireann a" sior an Cornach uair sam bith nach robh e a" dlüthachadh riutha. CUIMHNICH AIR smogadh na phiob aige. B'iad nan saighdearan Turcach. Bha “ Tha a" mhör-chuid den lompaireachd oifigear aca mu dhä fhichead bliadhna a Thurcach thairis air na h-Arabaich a 1ha fo dh'aois. Bha e lachdainn le stais (moustache) CRUADAL NAN ar-a-mach an aghaidh nan Turcach. Tuigidh mhör dhubh Ihiadhaich. Bha dag "na laimh. na Turcaich gu math gum bheil iad ann an Chunnaic Murchadh. Goff agus na DAOINE ... cunnart ro mhör." arsa Micheil. seachdnar saighdearan aca le oillt o'n uinneig "An robh na Turcaich daonnan fiadhaich uachdarach na bha a’dol seachad san t-sräid. ri daoine eile?" dh'fhaighnichd an Gaidheal. Ruitheadh an ceannard Turcach a stcach do "Chan eil idir. Bha iad daonnan ro fliad- gach laigh. Nuair a thilleadh e dh'eigheadh Aros sona bh'againn thall fhulangach a thaobh a h-uile creideamh san e aireamh air choireigin. An sin ruitheadh Airigh mhonaidh, innis bhö lompaireachd aca." grunn de shaighdearan furcach asteach agus Sgaoil ar sonas uainn air ball Ach chan eil an t-Arm daonnan gun thilleadh iad a-mach a' slaodadh grunnan de Mar roinneas gaoth nam fhuar-bheann ceö.
  • Union with Scotland Act 1706

    Union with Scotland Act 1706

    Changes to legislation: There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Union with Scotland Act 1706. (See end of Document for details) Union with Scotland Act 1706 1706 CHAPTER 11 6 Ann X1 An Act for an Union of the Two Kingdoms of England and Scotland Most gracious Sovereign Recital of Articles of Union, dated 22d July, 5 Ann.; and of an Act of Parliament passed in Scotland, 16th January, 5 Ann. Whereas Articles of Union were agreed on the Twenty Second day of July in the Fifth year of Your Majesties reign by the Commissioners nominated on behalf of the Kingdom of England under Your Majesties Great Seal of England bearing date at Westminster the Tenth day of April then last past in pursuance of an Act of Parliament made in England in the Third year of Your Majesties reign and the Commissioners nominated on the behalf of the Kingdom of Scotland under Your Majesties Great Seal of Scotland bearing date the Twenty Seventh day of February in the Fourth year of Your Majesties Reign in pursuance of the Fourth Act of the Third Session of the present Parliament of Scotland to treat of and concerning an Union of the said Kingdoms And Whereas an Act hath passed in the Parliament of Scotland at Edinburgh the Sixteenth day of January in the Fifth year of Your Majesties reign wherein ’tis mentioned that the Estates of Parliament considering the said Articles of Union of the two Kingdoms had agreed to and approved of the said Articles of Union with some Additions and Explanations And that Your Majesty with Advice and Consent of the Estates
  • Insular Autonomy: a Framework for Conflict Settlement? a Comparative Study of Corsica and the Åland Islands

    Insular Autonomy: a Framework for Conflict Settlement? a Comparative Study of Corsica and the Åland Islands

    INSULAR AUTONOMY: A FRAMEWORK FOR CONFLICT SETTLEMENT? A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CORSICA AND THE ÅLAND ISLANDS Farimah DAFTARY ECMI Working Paper # 9 October 2000 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor Building) D-24939 Flensburg . Germany % +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper # 9 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Marc Weller Issue Editors: Farimah Daftary and William McKinney © European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) 2000. ISSN 1435-9812 i The European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) is a non-partisan institution founded in 1996 by the Governments of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, and the German State of Schleswig-Holstein. ECMI was established in Flensburg, at the heart of the Danish-German border region, in order to draw from the encouraging example of peaceful coexistence between minorities and majorities achieved here. ECMI’s aim is to promote interdisciplinary research on issues related to minorities and majorities in a European perspective and to contribute to the improvement of inter-ethnic relations in those parts of Western and Eastern Europe where ethno- political tension and conflict prevail. ECMI Working Papers are written either by the staff of ECMI or by outside authors commissioned by the Centre. As ECMI does not propagate opinions of its own, the views expressed in any of its publications are the sole responsibility of the author concerned. ECMI Working Paper # 9 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) © ECMI 2000 CONTENTS I.
  • The Diminishing Power and Democracy of Hong Kong: an Analysis of Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement and the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement

    The Diminishing Power and Democracy of Hong Kong: an Analysis of Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement and the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement

    Portland State University PDXScholar University Honors Theses University Honors College Summer 2021 The Diminishing Power and Democracy of Hong Kong: An Analysis of Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement and the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement Xiao Lin Kuang Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/honorstheses Part of the Asian Studies Commons, and the Other International and Area Studies Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kuang, Xiao Lin, "The Diminishing Power and Democracy of Hong Kong: An Analysis of Hong Kong's Umbrella Movement and the Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement" (2021). University Honors Theses. Paper 1126. https://doi.org/10.15760/honors.1157 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in University Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The diminishing power and democracy of Hong Kong: an analysis of Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement and the Anti-extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement by Xiao Lin Kuang An undergraduate honors thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts In University Honors And International Development Studies And Chinese Thesis Adviser Maureen Hickey Portland State University 2021 The diminishing power and democracy of Hong Kong Kuang 1 Abstract The future of Hong Kong – one of the most valuable economic port cities in the world – has been a key political issue since the Opium Wars (1839—1860).
  • Externalization of Migration Control: the Case of the Italian-Libyan Agreements Between 2000 and 2011

    Externalization of Migration Control: the Case of the Italian-Libyan Agreements Between 2000 and 2011

    Externalization of migration control: The case of the Italian-Libyan agreements between 2000 and 2011 RELATORE Prof. Mattia GUIDI CANDIDATO Leo GEYER (Matr. 635552) CORRELATORE Prof. Federico NIGLIA ANNO ACCADEMICO: 2017-2018 Acknowledgements First of all I want to thank my parents for their encouragement and invaluable support and assistance in my studies. I would also like to thank, for their help, their advice and their support, my brother Jules Geyer, my grandmother Madeleine Geyer, my cousin Maxime Di Natali, and my dear friends Louis Bachellier, Clement Parisot, Alex Azevedo, Emanuele Spina, Guillaume Willaumez, Roxane Misk, Giulio Moré, Gabriele Nictora, Francesco Costantino, Henrique Neves, Tanguy Maire du Poset, Patrick Geneit, Ambra Vaccarezza, Maria Grazia Cantarella, Marc Riewe and Virginie Matterne. Besides, I express a special gratitude to my friend Audrey Dubuc, for taking the time to print and submit this thesis for me in Brussels. I am also grateful for the help provided by my two supervisors: prof. Giacomo Orsini from ULB, his precious feedbacks, comments, and advice were very important in the redaction of this thesis, and prof. Mattia Guidi from LUISS Guido Carli who kindly accepted to supervise this thesis. Last but not least, I want to mention the importance of Kendrick Lamar’s oeuvre in my life. His music has been, during the past years, a great inspiration to me and I would not be the same person without his lyrics and melodies. I Abstract This thesis analyses the Italian externalization of migration and border management policies in Libya, to see whether and how the Europeanization and concurrent securitization of migration policies played a role to legitimize these contested policies.