2018 College Student Health Survey Report

Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students 2018 College Student Health Survey Report Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students

Introduction iii

Survey v Methodology v Analysis Summary vi

Results 1 Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization 1 Mental Health 5 Tobacco Use 13 Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use 17 Personal Safety and Financial Health 25 Nutrition and Physical Activity 33 Sexual Health 37

Implications 41

Appendices 43 Appendix 1 Colleges and Universities Participating in the 2018 College Student Health Survey 43

Appendix 2 Winona State University Students Survey Demographics Based on Student Response 44

Glossary 45

References 47 ii Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Introduction Q: What do the following health conditions and health-related behaviors have in common? • Health insurance status • Depression • Ability to manage stress • Tobacco use • Alcohol use • Engagement in physical activity • Credit card debt

A: They all affect the health and academic achievement of college students.

In the spring of 2018, 18 postsecondary institutions in Minnesota joined with Boynton Health at the University of Minnesota to collect information from undergraduate and graduate students about their experiences and behaviors in the areas of health insurance and health care utilization, mental health, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, personal safety and financial health, nutrition and physical activity, and sexual health.

This report highlights the findings of this comprehensive survey, and serves as an essential first step in identifying health and health-related behavior issues affecting college students. Boynton Health hopes that the information contained in this report will be helpful to college and university leaders as they strive to develop programs and policies that will assure a safe institutional environment, promote access to health care and essential services, encourage responsible student decision making and behavior, and contribute to the health, well-being, and academic success of students enrolled in their schools. The survey results are also intended to raise awareness among state and local policymakers and community leaders concerning the importance of the health of college students to the overall educational, health, and economic status of Minnesota.

Introduction iii iv Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Survey Methodology

Undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in 18 postsecondary institutions in Minnesota completed the 2018 College Student Health Survey, developed by Boynton Health. As an incentive, all students who responded to the survey were entered into a drawing for Amazon gift cards valued at $1,000 (one), $500 (one), and $250 (one). In addition, one student from each participating school was randomly selected to win a $100 Amazon gift card.

Randomly selected students were contacted through multiple Winona State University mailings and emails: Methodology Highlights

• Invitation postcard • Invitation email • 1,500 students from Winona State University • Reminder postcard and multiple reminder emails (WSU) were randomly selected to participate in this survey.

• 496 students completed the survey.

• 33.1% of the students responded.

2018 College Student Health Survey Postcard

Survey v Survey Analysis Summary

The information presented in this report documents the prevalence of various diseases, health conditions, and health-related behaviors across seven areas:

• Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization • Mental Health • Tobacco Use • Alcohol and Other Drug Use • Personal Safety and Financial Health • Nutrition and Physical Activity • Sexual Health

The prevalence of a disease, health condition, or health-related behavior is defined as the total number of occurrences in a population (in this case, college students) at a given time, or the total number of occurrences in the population divided by the number of individuals in that population.

Prevalence is useful because it measures the commonality of a disease, health condition, or health-related behavior. For example, the College Student Health Survey asked students if they had ever been diagnosed with depression within their lifetime. For the purpose of illustration, if 100 students complete the survey and 10 of them report a diagnosis of depression within their lifetime, the lifetime prevalence of depression in this population of students is 10.0% (10/100).

The results from this survey are based on a random sample of students from each of the participating colleges and universities. Random sampling is a technique in which a group of subjects (in this case, the sample of college students) is selected for study from a larger group (in this case, the population of students enrolled at each of the participating institutions). Each individual is chosen entirely by chance, and each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random sampling ensures that the sample chosen is representative of the population and that the statistical conclusions (in this case, the prevalence) will be valid.

vi Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Results Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization

A student’s current health influences his or her ability to realize immediate goals of academic success and graduation, while future health affects the ability to accomplish longer-term goals of finding and sustaining a career. Access to health care has been shown to improve health. Although institutions of higher education differ in scope of services, each institution has a unique opportunity and bears a certain responsibility to Results address issues related to student health and to reduce barriers to health care access. Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization National Comparison This section examines the areas of health insurance, health services utilization, and preventive care. Recent research indicates that most young adults in the United States, ages 18–24, report good health. The majority of young adults in Minnesota (92.2%) report excellent, very good, or good health (CDC, 2017a). At the same time, young adults have lower rates of health insurance and preventive care utilization than older adults. In Minnesota, 91.3% of 18- to 24-year-olds report some kind of health care insurance (CDC, 2017a). More young males (15.6%) than young females (11.8%) lack health insurance coverage (Schiller et al, 2018). Among all age groups, young adults (77.3%) are least likely to identify a usual place for medical care (Schiller et al, 2018).

1 Health Insurance Status—Uninsured All Students Health Care Service Utilization All Students 5 4.8 4 Health Care Service Percent

3 Dental Care 91.7 0.0 Emergency Care (Physical Condition) 69.0 17.8 Percent 2.6 2.6 2 Mental Health Service (Emergency/Crisis) 41.7 15.9 2.1 Mental Health Service (Non-emergency) 54.6 30.3 1 Routine Doctor’s Visit 89.3 8.6 0 Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections All Students* Males* Females* Undergraduate* Graduate/ (Includes HIV) 47.4 23.8 Professional*† Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections (Includes HIV) 31.7 20.4 *Does not include international students. †Insufficient data. Obtained Service Received Service at School While in School (Among Those That Received the Service)

Students attending Winona State University report HealthHealth InsuranceInsurance Status—UninsuredStatus—Uninsured AllAll Students Students by Age Group an overall uninsured rate of 2.6%. Males have Health Insurance Status—Uninsured Health Care Service Utilization All Students AllHealth Students Care Service Utilization a higher uninsured rate than females (4.8% vs. 45 All Students 2.1%, respectively). Additional analysis shows that 5 4.8 4 3.6 international students attending WSU report 3 4.8 Health Care Service Percent 4 HealthVaccination Care Service Status Percent an overall uninsured rate of 0.0%. 3 2.7 DentalAll Students Care by Insurance Status 91.7 0.0 23 EmergencyDental Care Care (Physical Condition) 69.091.7 17.80.0 Percent Percent 2.6 2.6 2 MentalEmergency Health Care Service (Physical (Emergency/Crisis) Condition) 41.769.0 15.917.8 Percent 2.6 2.1 2.6 80 12 Mental Health Service (Non-emergency)(Emergency/Crisis) 54.641.7 30.315.9 1 2.1 RoutineMental Health Doctor’s Service Visit (Non-emergency) 89.354.6 30.38.6 1 60 66.1 00 TestingRoutine for Doctor’s Sexually Visit Transmitted Infections 89.364.8 8.6 60.6 All Students* Males*18–22 Females* Undergraduate*23–24 Graduate/ (Includes HIV)59.5 47.4 23.8 0 Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections Professional*† 52.9 40 51.6 Age Group Treatment(Includes HIV) for Sexually Transmitted50.3 Infections 47.4 23.8 All Students* Males* Females* Undergraduate* Graduate/ (IncludesPercent HIV) 31.7 20.4 *Does not include international students. Professional*† Treatment for Sexually Transmitted43.8 Infections †Insufficient data. (Includes HIV) 31.7 20.4 *Does not include international students. 20 Obtained Service Received Service at School 29.4 †Insufficient data. While in School (Among Those That Received the Service) Obtained Service Received Service at School While in School (Among Those That Received the Service) 0

Results Meningitis Influenza— HPV— Past 12 Months Complete Series Health Insurance Status—Uninsured of Vaccines All Students by Age Group WSU students ages 23–24 report higher uninsured Health Insurance Status—Uninsured All Students by Age Group rates (3.6%), than students ages 18–22 (2.7%). 4 All Students Insured Uninsured 4 3.6 3 3.6 3 Vaccination Status 2.7 AllVaccination Students by Insurance Status Status 2 All Students by Insurance Status

Percent 2.7 2

Percent 80 1 80 1 Average Number of Days Affected by Illness— Past60 30 Days 66.1 0 All Students60 by Gender 64.8 60.6 18–22 23–24 59.5 66.1 0 64.8 52.9 51.6

40 60.6 59.5 50.3 Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization and Health Care Health Insurance Age Group 18–22 23–24 Percent 43.8 52.9

40 51.6 Age Group 50.3 IllnessPercent Average Number of Days Affected 20 43.8 Poor Mental Health 3.3 29.4 7.2 20 Poor Physical Health 2.2 29.4 3.2 0 Meningitis Influenza— HPV— 0 MalesPast 12Females Months Complete Series Meningitis Influenza— of HPV—Vaccines Past 12 Months Complete Series Compared to male WSU students, female students Preventive Health Care—Past 12 Months of Vaccines All Students by Gender report obtaining routine medical and dental exams All Students Insured Uninsured at higher rates. 100 All Students Insured Uninsured

80 86.7 78.3 60 67.0 Percent 40 47.4 Average Number of Days Affected by Illness— 20 PastAverage 30 Days Number of Days Affected by Illness— AllPast Students 30 Days by Gender 0 All Students by Gender Medical Exam Dental Exam and Cleaning

Illness Average Number of Days Affected Males Females PoorIllness Mental Health Average3.3 Number of Days Affected7.2 Poor PhysicalMental Health Health 2.23.3 3.27.2 Poor Physical Health 2.2 3.2 Males Females Males Females Preventive Health Care—Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Preventive Health Care—Past 12 Months All Students by Gender 2 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students100 100 80 86.7 80 78.3 86.7 60 67.0 78.3 60

Percent 67.0 40 47.4 Percent 40 47.4 20 20 0 Medical Exam Dental Exam and Cleaning 0 Medical Exam Dental Exam and Cleaning Males Females Males Females Health Insurance Status—Uninsured HealthAll Students Insurance Status—Uninsured All Students Health Care Service Utilization HealthAll Students Care Service Utilization All Students 5 Health5 Insurance Status—Uninsured All Students 4.8 4 4.8 Health Care Service Utilization Among Winona State University students who have 4 AllHealth Students Care Service Percent Health Care Service Percent obtained non-emergency mental health service, 53 Dental Care 91.7 0.0 3 Dental Care 91.7 0.0 30.3% received that care at the university. 4.8 Emergency Care (Physical Condition) 69.0 17.8 Percent 42 2.6 2.6 Emergency Care (Physical Condition) 69.0 17.8 Percent 2.6 2.6 HealthMental Care Health Service Service (Emergency/Crisis) 41.7Percent 15.9 2 2.1 Mental Health Service (Emergency/Crisis) 41.7 15.9 2.1 DentalMental Care Health Service (Non-emergency) 91.754.6 30.30.0 31 Mental Health Service (Non-emergency) 54.6 30.3 1 EmergencyRoutine Doctor’s Care (Physical Visit Condition) 69.089.3 17.88.6 Percent 2.6 2.6 Routine Doctor’s Visit 89.3 8.6 20 MentalTesting Health for Sexually Service Transmitted (Emergency/Crisis) Infections 41.7 15.9 0 All Students* Males* Females*2.1 Undergraduate* Graduate/ Testing(Includes for HIV) Sexually Transmitted Infections 47.4 23.8 Professional*† (IncludesMental Health HIV) Service (Non-emergency) 47.454.6 23.830.3 1 All Students* Males* Females* Undergraduate* Graduate/ Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Infections Professional*† TreatmentRoutine(Includes Doctor’s HIV)for Sexually Visit Transmitted Infections 89.331.7 20.48.6 *Does not include international students. (Includes HIV) 31.7 20.4 0 *Does†Insufficient not include data. international students. Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections †Insufficient data. (IncludesObtained HIV) Service Received Service at47.4 School 23.8 All Students* Males* Females* Undergraduate* Graduate/ ObtainedWhile in School Service Received(Among ThoseService That at Received School the Service) Professional*† TreatmentWhile for in SchoolSexually Transmitted(Among Infections Those That Received the Service) (Includes HIV) 31.7 20.4 *Does not include international students. †Insufficient data. Obtained Service Received Service at School Health Insurance Status—Uninsured While in School (Among Those That Received the Service)

HealthAll Students Insurance by Age Group Status—Uninsured Results All Students by Age Group

4 Health4 Insurance Status—Uninsured All Students by Age Group

3.6 Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization 3 3.6 3 Vaccination Status 4 2.7 VaccinationAll Students by InsuranceStatus Status WSU students with health insurance obtain 2 2.7 All Students by Insurance Status Percent 2 3.6 meningitis, influenza, and HPV vaccinations at Percent 3 80 higher rates than students at the college 1 Vaccination80 Status 1 2.7 All Students by Insurance Status without health insurance. Additionally, among 2 60 Percent WSU students, 50.0% of males and 71.1% of 66.1 0 60 64.8 60.6 66.1 80 59.5 0 18–22 23–24 64.8 females report obtaining a complete series of 60.6 59.5

1 52.9

18–22 23–24 40 51.6 Age Group 50.3 Percent 52.9

40 51.6 HPV vaccinations. 50.3 Age Group 43.8 Percent 60 43.8 66.1 0 20 64.8 60.6 29.4 18–22 23–24 20 59.5

29.4 These immunizations are not currently required for 52.9

40 51.6 Age Group 50.3 Percent

0 43.8 students enrolled in postsecondary institutions. 0 Meningitis Influenza— HPV— 20 Past 12 Months Complete Series

Meningitis Influenza— 29.4 HPV— Past 12 Months Completeof Vaccines Series of Vaccines 0 MeningitisAll Students Influenza—Insured UninsuredHPV— All StudentsPast 12Insured Months CompleteUninsured Series of Vaccines

All Students Insured Uninsured

Average Number of Days Affected by Illness— Compared to male students at Winona State AveragePast 30 NumberDays of Days Affected by Illness— PastAll Students 30 Days by Gender University, female students at the university report All Students by Gender more days of poor mental health and more days of Average Number of Days Affected by Illness— poor physical health. PastIllness 30 Days Average Number of Days Affected IllnessAll Students by Gender Average Number of Days Affected Poor Mental Health 3.3 7.2 Poor Mental Health 3.3 7.2 Poor Physical Health 2.2 3.2 Poor Physical Health 2.2 3.2 Illness Average Number of Days Affected Males Females Poor Mental Health Males 3.3 Females 7.2 Preventive Health Care—Past 12 Months Poor Physical Health 2.2 3.2 PreventiveAll Students by GenderHealth Care—Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Males Females 100 Preventive100 Health Care—Past 12 Months All Students by Gender 80 86.7 80 78.3 86.7 10060 78.3 67.0 Results 60 67.0 3 Percent 8040

Percent 47.4 86.7 40 47.4 78.3 6020 67.0 20 Percent 400 47.4 0 Medical Exam Dental Exam and Cleaning 20 Medical Exam Dental Exam and Cleaning Males Females 0 Males Females Medical Exam Dental Exam and Cleaning

Males Females Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization Results 4 Health andHealth-Related Behaviors WinonaState University Students Results Mental Health

Mental health issues can have a profound impact on the ability of college and university students to engage fully in the opportunities presented to them. These issues affect their physical, emotional, and cognitive well-being, and can lead to poor academic performance, lower graduation rates, and poor interpersonal relationships.

There is increasing diversity among college and university students. Among undergraduates nationwide, 46.2% describe their race/ethnicity as other than white, 56.0% are female, and 28.7% are age 25 or older (USDOE, 2017). In addition, more than one million international students are studying at U.S. colleges and universities (USDOE, 2016). This diversity presents a myriad of counseling concerns related Results to multicultural and gender issues, life transition, stress, career and developmental needs, violence, interpersonal relationships, and serious emotional and psychological problems. This array of mental health issues represents ever-increasing challenges as postsecondary institutions strive to meet the Mental Health needs of their students.

National Comparison This section examines areas related to the mental health of college and university students. Recent research shows that young adults in the United States have relatively high rates of mental health problems compared to other age groups. Among 18- to 25-year-olds, 22.1% have had a mental illness (i.e., a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder of sufficient duration to meet diagnostic criteria specified within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV) in the past year, 5.9% have had a serious mental illness (i.e., a mental illness that results in functional impairment), 10.9% have had a major depressive episode, and 8.8% have had serious thoughts of suicide (CBHSQ, 2017). Approximately one in eight (12.9%) young adults ages 18–25 have received treatment for a mental health problem in the previous year (CBHSQ, 2017).

A relatively new area of study is the relationship between cumulative effects of childhood abuse (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological or emotional abuse), commonly referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and subsequent development of chronic physical and mental health conditions (CDC, 2014; Chapman, 2003; Edwards, 2003). Findings from the Minnesota Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey, which includes ACEs, show that 60% of adults report two or more ACEs, while 15% report five or more. In the Minnesota study, 36% of adults with an ACE score of 5 or more report being diagnosed with depression, compared to 8% among adults with an ACE score of 0 (MDH, 2013).

5 Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students All Students Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months Any50 Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— All Students 30 Percent Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Any40 Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Experiencing on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months NumberAll Students of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Percent Who Report 44.2 Stress and Diagnosis of Mental PercentHealth, Who Report MentalLifetime Health and Condition Past 12 Months Being Diagnosed Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 MonthsWithin Past ImpactDuringAll Students the of past Health 12 months, and how Personal have the Issues following affected Lifetime All Students All Students39.3 by Gender StressorAll Students 12 Months Acute, and Chronic Conditions—PastBeing Diagnosed 12 Months your academic performance? 20 Among Winona State University students, anxiety Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— All Students on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All 30Students Anorexia 2.5 0.0 3050 ConditionStress and Diagnosis of MentalWithin Health, the Past 12 Months Lifetime and Past 12 Months Arrested Percent0.6 All Students and depression are the two most frequently All Students Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Who Report AnxietyAll Students 5.5 16.6 Students were asked to respond to the following question: 3025 27.9 27.8 Percent Percent 16.1 5040 Attempted Suicide Experiencing1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable reported mental health diagnoses for both lifetime Percent Who Report 20 44.2 Percent Percent Who Report AttentionMental Health Deficit Condition Disorder 5.9Being Diagnosed1.7 21.3 WhoWithin Report Past Depression 5.8 10.7 •During I have thethis pastissue—my 12 months, academics how have have the not following been affected affected 10 12.7 39.3 BankruptcyStressor 12 Months0.0 Being Diagnosed •Studentsyour I have academic this were issue—my asked performance? to academics respond to have the been following affected question: 2520 27.9 27.8 and the past 12 months. Bipolar Disorder Percent0.8 Who Report0.6 40 44.2 17.5 Experiencing Obsessive-CompulsiveCondition Disorder Within0.3 the Past 12 Months0.5 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 1030 15.9 Death of Someone Close to You Within22.0 Past Percent Who Report During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 5 2.9 Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed 39.3 Arrested 0.6 Being Diagnosed The response options were: 2015 7.3 BulimiaAnxiety 30.81.3 0.09.8 9.0 Stressor 12 Months PanicAnxiety Attacks 3.15.5 16.69.6 your academic performance? 4.9 0.4 Percent Percent 30 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 Condition Within the Past 12 Months 16.1 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 Health• I do ornot Personal have this Issue issue/not applicable Percent 0 DepressionAttention Deficit Disorder 24.85.9 7.71.7 0 Arrested 0.6 SocialDepression Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.45.8 10.73.8 The• I have response this issue—my options academicswere: have not been affected 1510 12.7 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Within21.3 Lifetime Within Past 12 Months DiagnosedBankruptcy With a Serious Physical Illness 4.60.0 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Percent Percent Alcohol• I have Use this issue—my academics have been affected 16.1 Obsessive-CompulsiveBipolar Disorder Disorder 2.70.8 0.40.6 20 17.5 Attempted Suicide 1.6 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 • I do not have this issue/not applicable 20.4 6.3 Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 10 15.9 ExcessiveDeath of CreditSomeone Card Close Debt to You 22.05.0 DepressionManaged Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged5.8 Stress (Index10.7 >1) • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 105 Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences2.9 21.3All Students Males Females Bankruptcy Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 12.7 7.3 PanicBulimia Attacks 16.31.3 5.60.0 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected 0.4 Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 9.0 17.5 ExcessiveDiagnosed Debt With Other a Serious Than MentalCredit Card Illness 9.58.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 4.9 10 15.9 Death of Someone Close to You Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 50 2.9 Post-TraumaticDepression Stress Disorder 24.84.2 1.57.7 0 22.0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent 7.3 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 FailingDiagnosed a Class With a Serious Physical Illness 7.94.6 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0 54321 6–8 0.49–11 Within Lifetime Within Past9.0 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 4.9 SeasonalObsessive-Compulsive Affective Disorder Disorder 8.22.7 3.20.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 0 Depression 0 FiredExcessive or Laid Credit Off From Card aDebt Job 2.45.0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences 24.8 7.7 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Eating Disorder SocialPanic Phobia/Attacks 16.3 5.6 Within AllLifetime Students MalesWithin PastFemales 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.46.6 19.463.8 0 54321 6–8 9–11 PerformanceObsessive-Compulsive Anxiety Disorder GettingExcessive DebtMarried Other Than Credit Card 0.49.5 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 6.92.7 2.30.4 Excessive Computer/Internet Use Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Chronic Health Condition 51.514.5 38.713.2 Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females IssuesFailing Related a Class to Sexual Orientation 2.67.9 Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Seasonal AffectiveWithin Disorder Lifetime Within Past8.2 12 Months 3.2 9.5 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 LackFired of or Health Laid Off Care From Coverage a Job 4.22.4 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Failing a Class 7.9 FoodEating Insecurity Disorder 10.46.6 34.719.4 Social Phobia/ Concern for Family Member or Friend SeasonalPerformance Affective Anxiety Disorder 8.26.9 3.22.3 ParentalGetting Conflict Married 17.10.4 35.5 28.1 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 HomelessnessExcessive Computer/Internet Use 51.50.4 50.038.7 Social Phobia/ PutIssues on AcademicRelated to Probation Sexual Orientation 4.02.6 Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Currently Taking Medication Getting Married Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use Performance AnxietyWithin Lifetime Within6.9 Past 12 Months2.3 0.4 Financial Difficulties 11.942.3 16.127.6 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/HousemateLack of Health Care Coverage Conflict 35.74.2 Past Seven Days Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 All Students by Gender Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 All Students MentalFood Insecurity Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.310.4 54.734.7 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months SeriousParental Physical Conflict Illness of Someone Close to You 19.617.1 Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 PregnancyHomelessness 0.40.4 50.00.0 Spouse/PartnerPut on Academic Conflict Probation 4.0 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 25 5.9% Currently Taking Medication (IncludesParental ConflictDivorce or Separation) 17.14.6 Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— RelationshipMarijuana Use Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.511.9 25.416.1 Depression Diagnosis— Homelessness for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days 66.2% of students 0.4 50.0 Lifetime and Past 12 Months CurrentlyAll Students Takingby Gender Medication TerminationPut on Academic of Personal Probation Relationship 4.0 All Students RelationshipMental Health Issue Issue with (Depression, Someone Anxiety,Other Than etc.) 40.3 54.7 All Students by Gender 20 (NotSerious Including Physical Marriage) Illness of Someone Close to You 17.319.6 Number of Days of Adequate Sleep—get adequate sleep Roommate/HousemateMarijuana Use 24.211.9 30.716.1 for a Mental Health Condition 20.9 Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days three or fewer days a week Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Results All Students by Gender ZeroSpouse/Partner of the Above Conflict Stressors 32.0 All Students27.9% 32.2% SeriousMental HealthInjury Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.33.0 42.954.7 30 1525 18.0 Serious(Includes Physical Divorce Illness or Separation) of Someone Close to You 19.64.6 5.9% Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Among WSU students, 24.8% report being Depression Diagnosis— One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 SexualPregnancy Assault 5.50.4 30.80.0 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Spouse/PartnerTermination of ConflictPersonal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than 5.9% 29.1 Percent 25 diagnosed with depression within their lifetime, DepressionAll25 Students by Diagnosis—Gender 1020 Three(Includes(Not Including or MoreDivorce Marriage)of or the Separation) Above Stressors 26.317.34.6 get adequate sleep SexuallyRelationshipRoommate/Housemate Transmitted Issue with Infection Roommate/Housemate 28.524.23.2 13.325.430.7 20.9 three66.2% or fewer of students days a week and 7.7% report being diagnosed with depression Lifetime24.8 and Past 12 Months TerminationZero of the Above of Personal Stressors Relationship 32.0 34.0%32.2% SleepRelationshipSerious Difficulties Injury Issue with Someone Other Than 49.73.0 55.142.9 All20 Students by Gender 20 Note:(Not Including Items found Marriage) in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe17.3 Stress 27.9% get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 30 155 18.0 20.9 ScaleOne (Homes or Two and of the Rahe, Above 1967). Stressors The items included in the stress scale41.7 were three or fewer days a week StressSexual Assault 76.8 49.3 within the past 12 months. Females report being 6.5 Serious Injury 5.5 30.8 15 adaptedZero of theto college Above students. Stressors 32.0 27.9% 32.2% 3.0 42.9 29.1 Percent Mental Health Mental 15 18.0 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 3025 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 diagnosed with depression at higher rates than males. 100 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8 10 24.8 All Students Males Females 0–134.0% Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Sleep Difficulties 29.1 Percent 49.7 55.1 2520 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 105 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress Report Having the Issue 24.8 8.9 9.2 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were 2–334.0% Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week Stress 76.8 49.3 5 7.7 2.2 adapted to college students. Sleep DifficultiesReport the Issue Impacted Academics 49.7 55.1 2015 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 5 Stress (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 0 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week 1510 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months All Students Males Females Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 0 Report Having the Issue 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 105 All Students Males7.7 2.2Females All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report the Issue Impacted Academics Report(Among Having Those the Who Issue Report Having the Issue) 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 50 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within LifetimeAll Students MalesWithin PastFemales 12 Months Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students All Students Males Females Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences Mental Health3.5% Crisis Line Contacted— 50 All Students Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* MentalAll Students Health Crisis Line Contacted— All Students 80 WSU students ages 20–24 and older report a Depression Diagnosis— Mental40 Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* Past 12 Months 41.5 All Students 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students 60 All Students 74.1 QuestionsAdverse onChildhood adverse childhood Experiences experiences (ACEs) were developed higher rate of a depression diagnosis within their All Students by Age Group 3.5% 3050 inAll 2008 Students by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 Adequate60 Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students 62.8 Adversewith the goal Childhood of studying associationsExperiences between childhood lifetime and within the past 12 months than 40 80 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later 3.5% Percent 53.8 5040 26.5 26.1 All Students Depression30 Diagnosis— 30 20 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea students ages 18–19. 96.5% 41.5 40 78.1 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 20 15.4 20.0 80 43.9 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed 60 40 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7 All25 Students by Age Group 28.4 7.7 30 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Depression Diagnosis— 1050 10 41.5 15.0 60 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 0.0 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 3.4 62.8 74.1 mentalQuestionswith the health, goal on ofloweradverse studying economic childhood associations success, experiences betweenand social (ACEs) childhood problems. were developed 60400 10.1 0.9 20 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent All20 Students by Age Group 53.8 30 26.5 26.1 60 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 30 5030 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 200 62.8 within life the (CDC, goal 2014). of studying A growing associations body of researchbetween supportschildhood the idea 96.5% 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent Current High-Risk Current Percent 40Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted15.4 High Credit Card 15.4 20.0 43.9 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later 20 Percent 53.8 15 17.4 26.5 26.1 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood,Who includingResponded

7.7 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— 28.4 7.7 20 Percent 3025 0 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 3010 10 15.0 40 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 96.5% 0.0 Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ ACEsthat Questionchildhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and familyYes, dysfunction Once, or Percent 3.4 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 10 Contacted a Mental0 Health Crisis Line Past10.1 30 Days Past 2 Weeks 0.9 Percent 20 (Questionsare connected pertain to adverseto events health happening outcomes before in age adulthood, 18) More including Than Once 7.7 2520 28.4 7.7 10 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 10 15.0 Days of Adequate Sleep chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis0.0 Line 0 3.4 Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 0 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 5 7.6 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted 10.1Current High-Risk Current High0.9 Credit Card 20 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? Percent35.0 2015 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported 0 Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ experiences within the past 12 months. DidACEs you Question live with anyone who was a problem Yes,Percent Once, or Contacted a MentalNumber Health of Crisis Times Line Crisis Line Contacted *NumberCurrent of stressorsHigh-Risk is based on reportedCurrent experiences High within Credit the Card 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 drinker(Questions or alcoholic? pertain to events happening before age 18) More20.4 Than Once 1510 17.4 18–19 20–24 TobaccoPast 30 Use— Days Drinking—5+Past 2 Weeks Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded Percent past 12 months. 0 Days of Adequate Sleep ACEs Question Yes, Once, or Age Group Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 DidDid you you live live with with anyone anyone who who used was illegaldepressed, street 105 7.6 8.2 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 TwoDays or FewerPast 2 Stressors Weeks Three or More Stressors drugs(Questionsmentally or who ill, pertain or abused suicidal? to prescriptionevents happening medications? before age 18) More 12.7Than Once *Days of adequate sleepDays is of based Adequate on reported Sleep experiences in the 35.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who servedwas depressed, time or was 50 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors Did you live with anyone who was a problem 7.6 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the *Days experiences of adequate within sleep the ispast based 12 months.on reported experiences in the sentencedmentallydrinker or ill, toalcoholic? or serve suicidal? time in prison, jail, or other 35.020.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported correctional facility? 7.1 0 experiences within the past 12 months. DidDid you you live live with with anyone anyone who who was used a illegalproblem street Age Group *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the Weredrinkerdrugs your or or who alcoholic?parents abused separated prescription or divorced? medications? 22.220.412.7 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. 6 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months HowDidDid you youoften live live didwith with your anyone anyone parents who who or used servedadults illegal intime your street or home was Age Group Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months everdrugs slap, or who hit, abusedkick, punch, prescription or beat each medications? other up? All Students sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other 11.912.7 correctional facility? 7.1 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months HowDid you often live didwith a anyoneparent orwho adult served in your time home or wasever hit,sentencedWere beat, your kick, to parents serve or physically timeseparated in hurtprison, or you divorced? jail, in anyor otherway? 22.2 (Docorrectional not include facility? spanking.) 13.47.1 How often did your parents or adults in your home InAbility an attempt to Manage to measure Stress—Past effectiveness in 12 managing Months stress, students HowWereever often slap,your hit,parentsdid kick,a parent separated punch, or oradult orbeat divorced?in eachyour otherhome up?ever 22.211.9 Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime areAll Studentsasked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? All Students by Gender 45.7 each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided HowHow often often diddid youra parent parents or adultor adults in your in yourhome home ever Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months However slap,often hit, did kick, anyone punch, at least or beat 5 years each olderother than up? Allby theStudents reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? 11.9 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. you(Do or not an include adult, spanking.)ever touch you sexually? 13.46.7 How often did a parent or adult in your home ever 6 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students Howhit,How beat, often often kick, diddid oranyone a physicallyparent at leastor hurtadult 5 youyears in yourin older any home way?than ever you Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, or(Doswear an not adult, atinclude you, try insulttospanking.) make you, you or touch put you them down? sexually? 13.43.5 All Students by Gender 45.7 5 each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students HowHow often often diddid anyonea anyoneparent atator least leastadult 5 5in yearsyears your older olderhome than than ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime areby theasked reported to rate abilitytheir stress to manage level and stress. their Any ability result to greater manage than stress, 1 youswear or atan you, adult, insult force you, you or to put have you sex? down? 45.71.1 All Students by Gender 5.1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 4 each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided 6 by the reported ability 39.0%to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 HowHow often often diddid anyoneanyone at least 5 years older than you means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. youor an or adult, an adult, try toever make touch you you touch sexually? them sexually? 6.73.5 3 3.6 3.6 Percent 65 61.0% HowHow often often diddid anyoneanyone at at least least 5 5years years older older than than you oryou an or adult, an adult, try to forcemake you you to touch have them sex? sexually? 3.51.1 2 5.1 54 2.5 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than 39.0% you or an adult, force you to have sex?

1.8 1.1 1 5.1 43 3.6 1.3 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 Percent 61.0% 0 39.0% 32 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) 3.6 3.6

Anorexia2.5 Bulimia Anorexia and/or Percent 61.0% Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) 21 1.8 2.5 1.3 0.0 0.0 All Students Males Females 0.0

10 1.8 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) 1.3 0.0

Anorexia0.0 Bulimia Anorexia0.0 and/or 0 Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) All Students Males Females Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students Males Females Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students All Students Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months 50 All Students 30 Percent Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Experiencing Percent Who Report 44.2 Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed Within Past During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months Arrested 0.6 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 Percent Percent 16.1 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 21.3 Bankruptcy 0.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 15.9 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 10 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 5 7.3 2.9 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 4.9 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Failing a Class 7.9 Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 Social Phobia/ Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 Getting Married 0.4 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Parental Conflict 17.1 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Currently Taking Medication Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Spouse/Partner Conflict 25 5.9% Depression Diagnosis— (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 20.9 three or fewer days a week Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 27.9% 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 30 15 18.0 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8

29.1 Percent 25 10 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 24.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 5 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 15 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 0 10 All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months

All Students Males Females

Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 All Students 80 40 Depression Diagnosis— 41.5 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 30 60 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 62.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 53.8 26.5 26.1 30 30 20 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 96.5% 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7

28.4 7.7 25 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 0.0 3.4 0 10.1 0.9 20 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 20 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card Percent 15 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded

Percent 0 ACEs Question Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Days of Adequate Sleep Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 5 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Age Group drugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other correctional facility? 7.1 Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 How often did your parents or adults in your home Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? All Students 11.9 How often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? (Do not include spanking.) 13.4 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime Among WSU students, 0.0% of males and 5.1% of are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? 45.7 All Students by Gender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided females report being diagnosed with anorexia by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 and/or bulimia within their lifetime. means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. 6 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 5 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 4 5.1 39.0% 3 3.6 3.6

Percent 61.0% 2 2.5

1 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students Males Females

Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months All Students Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— All Students by Gender Results on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Among WSU students, 39.3% report being Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, Lifetime and Past 12 Months Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months All Students Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All50 Students by Gender diagnosedAll with Students at least one mental health condition All Students 30 Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Percent on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, within their lifetime, and 15.9% report being Who Report Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months StudentsAll Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 All Students 40 Experiencing Mental Health 30 Percent Who Report 50 44.2 All Students Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed diagnosed with at least one mental health condition WithinPercent Past During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Who Report Condition Within the Past 12 Months Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 3040 within the past 12 months. Females report being Experiencing Percent Who Report 44.2 Arrested 0.6 Percent Who Report The response options were: 15 AnxietyMental Health Condition 30.8Being Diagnosed9.8 Within Past Anxiety 5.5 16.6 During the past 12 months, how have the following affected Percent Percent 39.3 diagnosedStressor with a mental health condition within 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 16.1 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable AttentionAnorexia Deficit Disorder 5.92.5 1.70.0 30 DepressionCondition Within5.8 the Past 12 10.7Months • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 21.3 their lifetimeBankruptcyArrested and within the past 12 months at 0.00.6 •The I have response this issue—my options academicswere: have been affected 15 BipolarAnxiety Disorder 30.8 9.8 17.5 Obsessive-CompulsiveAnxiety Disorder 0.35.5 16.60.5 Percent 0.8 0.6 Percent 15.9 16.1 1020 higher ratesDeathAttempted than of Someone males. Suicide Close to You 22.01.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable 5 7.3 2.9 BulimiaAttention Deficit Disorder 1.35.9 0.01.7 PanicDepression Attacks 3.15.8 10.79.6 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 0.4 21.3 9.0 DiagnosedBankruptcy With a Serious Mental Illness 8.50.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected 4.9 Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 0 17.5 SocialObsessive-Compulsive Phobia/Performance Disorder Anxiety 1.40.3 3.80.5 Health or Personal Issue Percent 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 10 15.9 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 5 2.9 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months AdditionalDiagnosed analysis With shows a Serious that26.7% Physical of Illness students 4.6 0 7.3 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-CompulsiveBulimia Disorder 2.71.3 0.40.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 4.9 0.4 9.0 ExcessiveDiagnosed Credit With Carda Serious Debt Mental Illness 5.08.5 Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Health or Personal Issue Percent 0 PanicDepression Attacks 16.324.8 5.67.7 0 All Students Males Females report being diagnosed with two or more mental Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months ExcessiveDiagnosed Debt With Other a Serious Than Physical Credit Card Illness 9.54.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Post-TraumaticObsessive-Compulsive Stress Disorder 4.22.7 1.50.4 health conditions within their lifetime. ChronicAlcohol HealthUse Condition 14.520.4 13.26.3 FailingExcessive a Class Credit Card Debt 7.95.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences SeasonalPanic Attacks Affective Disorder 16.38.2 3.25.6 All Students Males Females ConcernAny Disability for Family (Learning, Member ADD/ADHA, or Friend Physical, etc.) 35.512.4 28.163.8 FiredExcessive or Laid Debt Off Other From Thana Job Credit Card 2.49.5 SocialPost-Traumatic Phobia/ Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 EatingChronic DisorderHealth Condition 14.56.6 19.413.2 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 GettingFailing a Class Married 0.47.9 Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 ExcessiveConcern forComputer/Internet Family Member orUse Friend 51.535.5 38.728.1 IssuesFired orRelated Laid Off to FromSexual a OrientationJob 2.62.4 Social Phobia/ Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months FinancialEating Disorder Difficulties 42.36.6 27.619.4 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 LackGetting of Health Married Care Coverage 4.20.4 FoodExcessive Insecurity Computer/Internet Use 10.451.5 34.738.7 ParentalIssues Related Conflict to Sexual Orientation 17.12.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months HomelessnessFinancial Difficulties 42.30.4 50.027.6 Overall, PutLack on of Academic Healthof WSU Care studentsProbation Coverage report that they 4.04.2 Currently Taking Medication 18.0% Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— MarijuanaFood Insecurity Use 11.910.4 16.134.7 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/HousemateParental Conflict Conflict 35.717.1 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender currently are taking medication for a mental health All Students MentalHomelessness Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.30.4 54.750.0 Currently Taking Medication SeriousPut on AcademicPhysical Illness Probation of Someone Close to You 19.64.0 condition. Compared to males, females report a Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— PregnancyMarijuana Use 11.90.4 16.10.0 for a Mental Health Condition Spouse/PartnerRoommate/Housemate Conflict Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All25 Students by Gender higher rate(Includes of this Divorce medication or Separation) use, which correlates 4.6 All Students 5.9% RelationshipMental Health Issue Issue with (Depression, Roommate/Housemate Anxiety, etc.) 28.540.3 25.454.7 Depression Diagnosis— Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 66.2% of students Lifetime and Past 12 Months with theirTermination higher diagnosis of Personal rates Relationship for any mental RelationshipPregnancy Issue with Someone Other Than 0.4 0.0 All Students by Gender 20 (NotSpouse/Partner Including Marriage) Conflict 17.3 get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 25 20.9 (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 5.9% three or fewer days a week Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Depression Diagnosis— health condition. Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 27.9% 32.2% 66.2% of students Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 Lifetime30 and Past 12 Months 15 18.0 Termination of Personal Relationship Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 One(Not orIncluding Two of Marriage)the Above Stressors 41.717.3 get adequate sleep SexualRoommate/Housemate Assault 24.2 30.7 20.9 three or fewer days a week 5.5 30.8

29.1 Percent Serious Injury 25 10 ThreeZero of or the More Above of the Stressors Above Stressors 26.332.0 27.9% 32.2% Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.23.0 13.342.9 30 15 18.0 24.8 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 34.0% SleepSexual Difficulties Assault 49.75.5 55.130.8 20 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 29.1 Percent 5 25 10 6.5 ScaleThree (Homes or More and of Rahe, the 1967).Above The Stressors items included in the stress scale26.3 were StressSexually Transmitted Infection 76.83.2 49.313.3 adapted to college students. 15 24.8 34.0% UpperSleep DifficultiesRespiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.649.7 42.355.1 Percent 20 05 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 10 All Students Males6.5 Females Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 15 Upper RespiratoryReport Infection Having (Cold/Flu, the Issue Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 0 Report the Issue Impacted Academics 10 All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) Report Having the Issue 0 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 Within Lifetime Within7.7 Past2.2 12 Months Report the Issue Impacted Academics (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 All Students Males Females Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months

All Students Males Females Results 7 Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students Past 12 Months3.5% Adverse Childhood Experiences All Students All50 Students All Students Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All80 Students 3.5% 40 Adverse Childhood Experiences Depression Diagnosis— 50 41.5 78.1 All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 30 6080 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Depression Diagnosis— 50 40 62.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 41.5 78.1 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent Lifetime and Past 12 Months 53.8 60 20 26.5 26.1 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All30 Students by Age Group 30 30 60 inin life2008 (CDC, by the 2014). Centers A growing for Disease body Controlof research and supportsPrevention the (CDC), idea 96.5% 50 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent

15.4 62.8 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 with the goal of studying associations between childhood Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including

40 7.7 28.4 7.7 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later 25 Percent 10 53.8 10 26.5 15.0 26.1 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 30 30 0.0 20 3.4 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 96.5% 0 10.1 0.9 2040 mentalthat childhood health, lowerexperiences economic of abuse, success, neglect, and social and familyproblems. dysfunction Percent 15.4 20 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7

28.4 7.7 0 25 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and Number of Times 0.0 Crisis Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit3.4 Card Percent 15 17.4 0 Tobacco10.1 Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— 0.9Debt— 20 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems.Who Responded

Percent 0 20 ACEs Question 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card Days of Adequate Sleep Percent 15 17.4 Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded Percent 0 Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 ACEs Question 5 7.6 Any TwoUse or FewerDrinks Stressors per Sitting PastThree 30 Days or MoreBalance Stressors $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 mentally ill, or suicidal? Yes,35.0 Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once past seven days and Daysability of to Adequate manage stress Sleep is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line experiences within the past 12 months. Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 *NumberTwo of stressorsor Fewer is Stressors based on reportedThree experiences or More within Stressors the drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 5 18–19 7.6 20–24 past 12 months. *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Age Group drugsDid you or livewho with abused anyone prescription who was a medications?problem 12.7 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 Within18–19 Lifetime Within Past20–24 12 Months past 12 months. Did you live with anyone who served time or was Age Group sentencedDid you live to with serve anyone time inwho prison, used jail, illegal or streetother correctionaldrugs or who facility? abused prescription medications? 12.77.1 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months WereDid you your live parents with anyone separated who or served divorced? time or was 22.2 sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other Howcorrectional often did facility? your parents or adults in your home 7.1 Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? 11.9 All Students Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 How often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit,How beat, often kick, did or your physically parents hurt or youadults in in any your way? home Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? All Students (Do not include spanking.) 13.411.9 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students HowHow oftenoften diddid aa parentparent oror adultadult inin youryour homehome everever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swearhit, beat, at you, kick, insult or physically you, or puthurt you you down? in any way? 45.7 All Students by Gender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided (Do not include spanking.) 13.4 by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students youHow or often an adult, did evera parent touch or youadult sexually? in your home ever 6.7 Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime meansare asked a student to rate istheir not stresseffectively level andmanaging their ability his or toher manage stress. stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? 45.7 All Students6 by Gender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 orHow an oftenadult, trydid to anyone make youat least touch 5 themyears sexually?older than 3.5 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 5 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than 6 youHow or often an adult, did anyoneforce you at least to have 5 years sex? older than you 1.1 4 5.1 or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 5 39.0% How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1

3 5.1 3.6 3.6 Percent 4 61.0% 2 39.0% 3 2.5 3.6 3.6

Percent 61.0% 1 1.8

2 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 0

1 Anorexia Bulimia 1.8 Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) 1.3 0.0 0.0 Bulimia0.0 Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) 0 AnorexiaAll Students BulimiaMales AnorexiaFemales and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students Males Females Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students All Students Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months 50 All Students 30 Percent Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Experiencing Percent Who Report 44.2 Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed Within Past During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months Arrested 0.6 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 Percent Percent 16.1 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 21.3 Bankruptcy 0.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 15.9 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 10 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 5 7.3 2.9 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 4.9 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Failing a Class 7.9 Seasonal Affective Disorder Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 8.2 Lifetime3.2 and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 LifetimeSocial and Past Phobia/ 12 Months All Students All StudentsPerformance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 GettingAcute, and Married Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months 0.4 50 All Students 30 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Percent Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Experiencing Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Within LifetimePercent Who Report Within Past 12 Months 44.2 Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed Within Past Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Food Insecurity Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months 10.4 34.7 Arrested 0.6 Parental Conflict 17.1 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 Percent Percent 16.1 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 21.3 Currently Taking Medication PutDepression on Academic Probation 5.8 10.7 4.0 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 Bankruptcy 0.0 • I have this issue—my academics have beenNumber affected of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 15.9 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 10 for a Mental HealthDeath Condition of Someone Close to You 22.0 Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days 5 7.3 2.9 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 All Students by Gender Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0.4 Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 All Students 4.9 40.3 54.7 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 SeriousSocial Phobia/Performance Physical Illness Anxiety of Someone1.4 Close to3.8 You 19.6 Health or Personal Issue Percent Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Spouse/PartnerManaged Stress Conflict (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences 25 5.9% Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Depression Diagnosis— Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Failing a Class 7.9 Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 get adequate sleep All Students by Gender 20 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 Social Phobia/ 20.9 Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 three or fewer days a week Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 Getting Married 0.4 Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 27.9%51.5 38.7 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 30 15 18.0 Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 29.1 Percent Parental Conflict 17.1 25 10 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 Currently Taking Medication Put on Academic Probation 4.0 24.8 Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.134.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender Note:All StudentsItems found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 5 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Stress 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 76.8 49.3 Spouse/Partner Conflict adapted to college students. 15 25 5.9% (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 DepressionPercent Diagnosis— Lifetime and Past 12 Months 0 Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 10 20.9 All Students Males Females three or fewer days a week 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 18.0 27.9% Report Having the Issue 30 8.9 15 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8 Report the Issue Impacted Academics

29.1 Percent 25 10 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 24.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 0 5 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 15 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 0 10 All Students Males Females All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Among WSU students, 3.5% report contacting a Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— All Students Males Females Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* mental health crisis line within the past 12 months. All Students All Students Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* Among these students, nearlyMental seven Health in ten Crisis (69.2% Line Contacted—) All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences Past 12 Months 3.5% Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* 50 All Students All Students All Students report contacting a crisis line 1–2 times within the Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students 3.5% Adverse Childhood Experiences 80 Depression Diagnosis—past 12 months. 50 40 All Students 80 41.5 78.1 DepressionLifetime Diagnosis— and Past 12 Months 40 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 41.5 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 30 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)60 were developed in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), All Students by Age Group 30 50 60 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 62.8 50 62.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 40 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 53.8 53.8 26.5 26.1 26.5 26.1 30 30 20 20 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 30 96.5% 30 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 40 96.5% Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 7.7 15.4 28.4 7.7 25 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement,Percent poor physical and 0.0 3.4 are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7 25 28.4 0 10.1 7.7 0.9 20 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 20 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 0.0 3.4 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Current0 High-Risk Current High Credit Card 10.1 0.9 20 Percent 15 17.420 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded

Percent 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ ACEs Question Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card(Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Percent 15 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Days of Adequate Sleep 17.4 Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Did you live with anyone who was depressed, Who Responded 5 Percent 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 0 7.6 *DaysAny of adequate Use sleep Drinksis based on per reported Sitting experiences Past in the30 Days Balance $3,000+mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 ACEs Question Yes, Once, or Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once 0 10 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiencesPast 30 Days within the pastPast 12 months. 2 Weeks drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Days of Adequate Sleep Age Group Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressorsdrugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 5 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported correctional facility? 7.1 Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 How often did your parents or adults in your home Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Age Group Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? 11.9 All Students drugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? Did you live with anyone who served time or was (Do not include spanking.) 13.4 sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? 45.7 correctionalNumber facility? of Adverse Childhood Experiences—7.1 All Students by LifetimeGender and PastThe most12 commonlyMonths experienced stressors Mental Health Stressors—Pasteach on a scale of 1 to 12 10. The Months reported stress level is then divided Results Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than Were your parents separated or divorced? Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— All Students by Gender you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 22.2 among Winona State University students are means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months 6 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you All Students How often did your parents or adults in your home AbilityAcute, to Manage and Chronic Stress—Past Conditions—Past 12 Months 12 Monthsor an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 All Students roommate/housemate conflict and the death ever slap, hit,30 kick, punch, or beat each other up? 11.9 5 50 All StudentsAll Students How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 5.1 Percent How often did a parent or adult in your home ever 4 of someone close to them. A total of 41.7% of Who Report 39.0% Students were asked to respond to the following question: hit, beat, kick,25 or27.9 physically27.8 hurt you in any way? Percent Who Report 3 40 Experiencing (Do not include spanking.) 13.4

3.6 44.2 3.6

Percent students report experiencing one or two stressors Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed 61.0%Within Past During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 2 39.3 Stressor 12 Months In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managingBeing stress, Diagnosed students your academic performance? How often 20did a parent or adult in your home ever 2.5 Eating Health Mental Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? Anorexia 2.5 0.0 All Students30 by Genderwithin the past 12 months, and 26.3% report Condition Within the Past 12 Months 45.7 1 1.8 Arrested 0.6 each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided The response options were: 15 1.3 0.0 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 0.0 experiencing0.0 three or more stressors over that by theAnxiety reported ability to manage stress. Any result5.5 greater than16.6 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than Percent Percent 16.1 0 Attempted Suicide 1.6 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. • I do not have this issue/not applicable you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 Anorexia20 Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 same timeBulimia period. Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 6 21.3 Bankruptcy Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)0.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you All Students Males Females 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 10 15.9 0.3 0.5 2.9 5 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 5 7.3 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 4.9 5.1 8.5 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 4 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 39.0% 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 3 Excessive Credit Card Debt Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences

3.6 5.0 3.6 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 Percent All Students Males Females 61.0% Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 2 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 2.5 Failing a Class 7.9

Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 1 1.8 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 1.3 0.0 Social Phobia/ 0.0 0.0 Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 0 Getting Married 0.4 Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Bulimia Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 All Students Males Females Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Parental Conflict 17.1 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Currently Taking Medication Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Spouse/Partner Conflict 25 5.9% Depression Diagnosis— (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 20.9 three or fewer days a week Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 27.9% 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 30 15 18.0 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8

29.1 Percent 25 10 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 24.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 5 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 15 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 0 10 All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months 8 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students All Students Males Females

Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 All Students 80 40 Depression Diagnosis— 41.5 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 30 60 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 62.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 53.8 26.5 26.1 30 30 20 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 96.5% 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7

28.4 7.7 25 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 0.0 3.4 0 10.1 0.9 20 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 20 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card Percent 15 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded

Percent 0 ACEs Question Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Days of Adequate Sleep Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 5 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Age Group drugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other correctional facility? 7.1 Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 How often did your parents or adults in your home Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? All Students 11.9 How often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? (Do not include spanking.) 13.4 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? 45.7 All Students by Gender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 6 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 5 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 4 5.1 39.0% 3 3.6 3.6

Percent 61.0% 2 2.5

1 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students Males Females Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— NumberNumber ofof AdverseAdverse ChildhoodChildhood Experiences—Experiences— LifetimeLifetime andand PastPast 1212 MonthsMonths MentalMental HealthHealth Stressors—PastStressors—Past 1212 MonthsMonths Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— All Students by Gender AllAll StudentsStudents Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— All Students by Gender Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months AllAll StudentsStudents Lifetime and Past 12 Months Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, onAll StudentsAcademic Performance—Past 12 Months LifetimeAll Students and Past 12 Months Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months All Students All Students Acute,All Students and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months 30 5050 All Students 30 PercentPercent WhoWho ReportReport Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Experiencing Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 Percent Who Report 40 44.2 Experiencing Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition PercentBeing WhoDiagnosed Report 44.2 Within Past Percent Who Report During the past 12 months, how have the following affected Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed 39.3 Within Past Being Diagnosed Duringyour academic the past performance?12 months, how have the following affected 20 39.3 StressorStressor 1212 MonthsMonths Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months AnorexiaAnorexia 2.52.5 0.00.0 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months ArrestedArrested 0.60.6 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 The response options were: 15 Percent Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Percent Attempted Suicide Anxiety 5.5 16.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable 16.1 Percent Percent 20 Attempted Suicide 1.61.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable 16.1 20 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 AttentionAttention DeficitDeficit DisorderDisorder 5.95.9 1.71.7 21.3 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.712.7 21.3 BankruptcyBankruptcy 0.00.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected Bipolar Disorder 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected Bipolar Disorder 0.80.8 0.60.6 10 15.9 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 5 2.9 10 15.9 DeathDeath ofof SomeoneSomeone CloseClose toto YouYou 22.022.0 5 7.3 2.9 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 7.3 0.4 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 4.9 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 0 4.9 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 HealthHealth oror PersonalPersonal IssueIssue PercentPercent 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 0 54321 6–8 9–11 WithinWithin LifetimeLifetime WithinWithin PastPast 1212 MonthsMonths Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 AlcoholAlcohol UseUse 20.420.4 6.36.3 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) NumberNumber ofof AdverseAdverse ChildhoodChildhood ExperiencesExperiences All Students Males Females Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 PanicPanic AttacksAttacks 16.316.3 5.65.6 All Students Males Females Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 ExcessiveExcessive DebtDebt OtherOther ThanThan CreditCredit CardCard 9.59.5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Failing a Class 7.9 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Failing a Class 7.9 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 SeasonalSeasonal AffectiveAffective DisorderDisorder 8.28.2 3.23.2 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 FiredFired oror LaidLaid OffOff FromFrom aa JobJob 2.42.4 Social Phobia/ Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Social Phobia/ Getting Married 0.4 Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 PerformancePerformance AnxietyAnxiety 6.96.9 2.32.3 Getting Married 0.4 ExcessiveExcessive Computer/InternetComputer/Internet UseUse 51.551.5 38.738.7 IssuesIssues RelatedRelated toto SexualSexual OrientationOrientation 2.62.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Parental Conflict 17.1 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Parental Conflict 17.1 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 CurrentlyCurrently TakingTaking MedicationMedication Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/HousemateRoommate/Housemate ConflictConflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender 35.7 PastAll Students Seven Days Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 All Students by Gender Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Spouse/Partner Conflict Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 25 Spouse/Partner Conflict 5.9% 25 (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 5.9% Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 DepressionDepression Diagnosis—Diagnosis— (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2%66.2% ofof studentsstudents Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than LifetimeAll Students byand Gender Past 12 Months 20 Termination(Not Including of Marriage) Personal Relationship 17.3 get adequate sleep RelationshipRoommate/Housemate Issue with Someone Other Than 24.2 30.7 All Students by Gender 20 20.9 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 threeget or adequate fewer days sleep a week Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 20.9 three or fewer days a week Serious Injury ZeroZero ofof thethe AboveAbove StressorsStressors 32.032.0 27.9% 32.2%32.2% Serious Injury 3.03.0 42.942.9 30 15 18.018.0 27.9% 30 15 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.55.5 30.830.8

29.1 Percent

25 29.1 Percent Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 25 1010 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 24.824.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 5 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.876.8 49.349.3 6.5 adapted to college students. 1515 adapted to college students. Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 00 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week 1010 AllAll StudentsStudents MalesMales FemalesFemales 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 5 8.98.9 7.7 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.22.2 ReportReport thethe IssueIssue ImpactedImpacted AcademicsAcademics (Among(Among ThoseThose WhoWho ReportReport HavingHaving thethe Issue)Issue) 00 WithinWithin LifetimeLifetime WithinWithin PastPast 1212 MonthsMonths

AllAll StudentsStudents MalesMales FemalesFemales

MentalMental HealthHealth CrisisCrisis LineLine Contacted—Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* An association appears to exist between the Past 12 Months MentalAll Students Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* AllAll StudentsStudents All Students reported numberAdequateAdequate of stressors SleepSleep experienced andand AbilityAbility within toto ManageManage Stress*Stress* AllAll StudentsStudents Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 the past 12 months and various types of risk-taking Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 AllAll StudentsStudents behavior. WSU students experiencing three or 80 40 80 Depression Diagnosis— 40 41.5 more stressors within those 12 months tend to Depression Diagnosis— 41.5 78.178.1 LifetimeLifetime andand PastPast 1212 MonthsMonths 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 60 30 have higher rates of current tobacco use, high-risk 74.1 Questionsin 2008 by theon adverseCenters childhoodfor Disease experiences Control and (ACEs) Prevention were developed(CDC), All Students by Age Group 50 30 6060 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 62.862.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 drinking, current marijuana use, and high credit withmaltreatment the goal of and studying issues associationsof health and betweenwell-being childhood that appear later Percent 40 53.8 26.5 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 26.1 30 30 53.8 2020 26.5 26.1 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 30 96.5% 30 card debt compared40 to students experiencing two inthat life childhood (CDC, 2014). experiences A growing of body abuse, of researchneglect, andsupports family the dysfunction idea

Percent 40 15.4 96.5% 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent Percent 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including Percent 7.7 25 28.4 7.7 are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7 25 28.4 10 7.7 10 15.0 or fewer stressors. chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 10 0.0 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and

0.0 3.4 0 10.1 3.4 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 0 10.1 0.90.9 2020 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 2020 11 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6+6+ 0 0 Percent Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted CurrentCurrent High-RiskHigh-Risk CurrentCurrent HighHigh CreditCredit CardCard Percent 1515 17.4 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded Percent 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— 0 Who Responded Percent 0 ACEs Question Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 ACEs Question Yes,Yes, Once,Once, oror 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line PastAny 30 Use Days DrinksPast per2 Weeks Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks Days of Adequate Sleep (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Days of Adequate Sleep Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 5 7.6 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 5 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Age Group DidDid youyou livelive withwith anyoneanyone whowho usedused illegalillegal streetstreet Age Group drugsdrugs oror whowho abusedabused prescriptionprescription medications?medications? 12.712.7

Results Did you live with anyone who served time or was WithinWithin LifetimeLifetime WithinWithin PastPast 1212 MonthsMonths Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentencedsentenced toto serveserve timetime inin prison,prison, jail,jail, oror otherother correctionalcorrectional facility?facility? 7.17.1 WereWere youryour parentsparents separatedseparated oror divorced?divorced? 22.222.2 Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months HowHow oftenoften diddid youryour parentsparents oror adultsadults inin youryour homehome Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months Nearly two-fifths (39.0%) of WSU students report Mental Health everever slap,slap, hit,hit, kick,kick, punch,punch, oror beatbeat eacheach otherother up?up? 11.9 AllAll StudentsStudents 11.9 that they are unable to manage their stress level. HowHow oftenoften diddid aa parentparent oror adultadult inin youryour homehome everever hit,hit, beat,beat, kick,kick, oror physicallyphysically hurthurt youyou inin anyany way?way? Additional analysis shows that, among these (Do(Do notnot includeinclude spanking.)spanking.) 13.413.4 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students students, 10.7% report a diagnosis of depression How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime areare askedasked toto raterate theirtheir stressstress levellevel andand theirtheir abilityability toto managemanage stress,stress, swearswear atat you,you, insultinsult you,you, oror putput youyou down?down? 45.7 AllAll StudentsStudents byby GenderGender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided 45.7 eachby the on reported a scale of ability 1 to 10. to manageThe reported stress. stress Any result level isgreater then divided than 1 within the past 12 months. More than three in How often did anyone at least 5 years older than by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 Howyou oroften an adult, did anyone ever touch at least you 5sexually? years older than 6.7 meansmeans aa studentstudent isis notnot effectivelyeffectively managingmanaging hishis oror herher stress.stress. you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 6 five 61.0%( ) WSU students report that they are 6 HowHow oftenoften diddid anyoneanyone atat leastleast 55 yearsyears olderolder thanthan youyou able to manage their level of stress; of these, only oror anan adult,adult, trytry toto makemake youyou touchtouch themthem sexually?sexually? 3.53.5 55 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than 5.8% report a diagnosis of depression within the Howyou oroften an adult, did anyone force you at least to have 5 years sex? older than 1.1 5.1 you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 4 5.1 4 past 12 months. 39.0%39.0% 3 3.6 3 3.6 Percent 3.6 3.6 61.0% Percent 61.0% 2

2 2.5 2.5

1 1.8 1 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 00 Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or ManagedManaged StressStress (Index(Index ≤1)≤1) Anorexia Bulimia AnorexiaBulimia and/or Bulimia UnmanagedUnmanaged StressStress (Index(Index >1)>1) AllAll StudentsStudents MalesMales FemalesFemales

Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, An association onappears Academic to exist Performance—Past between 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students All Students Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months 50 All Students unmanaged stress levels and higher rates of 30 Percent diagnosis for various mental health conditions. Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Experiencing Percent Who Report 44.2 Percent Who Report For example, 16.6% of WSU students with Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed Within Past During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months unmanaged stress levels report being diagnosed Arrested 0.6 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 with anxiety within the past year, compared to Percent Percent 16.1 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 Depression 5.8 10.7 only 5.5% of students• I have withthis issue—my managed academics stress levels have not been affected 10 12.7 21.3 Bankruptcy 0.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 15.9 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 10 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 reporting the same diagnosis. 5 7.3 2.9 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 4.9 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Failing a Class 7.9 Results 9 Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 Social Phobia/ Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 Getting Married 0.4 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Parental Conflict 17.1 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Currently Taking Medication Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Spouse/Partner Conflict 25 5.9% Depression Diagnosis— (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 20.9 three or fewer days a week Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 27.9% 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 30 15 18.0 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8

29.1 Percent 25 10 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 24.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 5 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 15 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 0 10 All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months

All Students Males Females

Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 All Students 80 40 Depression Diagnosis— 41.5 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 30 60 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 62.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 53.8 26.5 26.1 30 30 20 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 96.5% 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7

28.4 7.7 25 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 0.0 3.4 0 10.1 0.9 20 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 20 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card Percent 15 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded

Percent 0 ACEs Question Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Days of Adequate Sleep Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 5 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Age Group drugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other correctional facility? 7.1 Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 How often did your parents or adults in your home Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? All Students 11.9 How often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? (Do not include spanking.) 13.4 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? 45.7 All Students by Gender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 6 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 5 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 4 5.1 39.0% 3 3.6 3.6

Percent 61.0% 2 2.5

1 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students Males Females Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students All Students Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— 50Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months All Students Impact of Health and Personal Issues 30Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Percent Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Experiencing Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months All Students All Students Percent Who Report 44.2 Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed 50 Within Past All Students During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 30 39.3 Stressor 12 MonthsPercent Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Condition Within the Past 12 Months Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Arrested Experiencing0.6 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8Percent Who 9.8Report 44.2 Anxiety 5.5Percent Who16.6 Report Percent Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed Percent Attempted Suicide Within1.6 Past • I doDuring not have the past this 12issue/not months, applicable how have the following affected 16.1 20 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 21.3 Bankruptcy 0.0 Condition Within the Past 12 Months Arrested 0.6 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 10 15.9 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 5 2.9 Percent Percent Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable 16.1 7.3 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 20 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0.4 Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 4.9 21.3 Bankruptcy 0.0 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health• I haveor Personal this issue—my Issue academics have been affected Percent Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 17.5 Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 10 Within Lifetime Within15.9 Past 12 Months Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 5 0 54321 2.9 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 7.3 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) 4.9 Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Failing a Class 7.9 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Eating Disorder 6.6 Social Phobia/ Chronic Health Condition 14.519.413.2 PerformancePost-Traumatic Anxiety Stress Disorder 6.94.2 2.31.5 Getting Married 0.4 Failing a Class 7.9 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Social Phobia/ Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 Getting Married 0.4 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Parental Conflict 17.1 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Currently Taking Medication Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 All Students by Gender Parental Conflict 17.1 All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Currently Taking Medication In response to a question asking WSU students Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Spouse/Partner Conflict Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 25for a Mental Health Condition (IncludesRoommate/Housemate Divorce or Separation) Conflict 4.635.7 Past Seven5.9% Days Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Depression Diagnosis— All Students by Gender how often in the past seven days they got enough All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Lifetime and Past 12 Months TerminationSerious Physical of Personal Illness Relationship of Someone Close to You 19.6 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) sleep to feel rested when17.3 they woke up in the get adequate sleep Roommate/HousematePregnancy 24.20.430.70.0 20.9 Spouse/Partner Conflict three or fewer days a week 25 (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 5.9% Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Depression Diagnosis— Zero of the Above Stressors morning, nearly two-thirds32.0 (66.2%) report receiving 27.9% 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 30 15 18.0 66.2% of students Lifetime and Past 12 Months OneTermination or Two of the of Above Personal Stressors Relationship Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) adequate sleep on three41.7 or17.3 fewer of the previous get adequate sleep SexualRoommate/Housemate Assault 5.524.230.830.7

29.1 Percent 20.9 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 three or fewer days a week 25 10 Zero of the Above Stressors seven days. 32.0 32.2% SexuallySerious Transmitted Injury Infection 3.23.013.342.9 18.0 27.9% 30 24.8 15 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8 5 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress

29.1 Percent Stress 25 6.5 ScaleThree (Homes or andMore Rahe, of the 1967). Above The Stressorsitems included in the stress scale were26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 76.8 49.3 10 adapted to college students. 3.2 13.3 15 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 24.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 0 10 5 All Students Males Females Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. Report Having the Issue 15 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 5 7.7 2.2 0 Report the Issue Impacted Academics 10 All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Report Having the Issue Within Lifetime8.9 Within Past 12 Months9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics All Students Males Females (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months

All Students Males Females Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students Receiving adequate sleep appears to have an impact Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences Past 123.5% Months 50Mental Health Stressorson students’ and Riskyability Behavior*to manage stress. Only 43.9% All Students All Students

All Students Results of WSU students who report receiving 0–1 day of 80Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* Depression Diagnosis— 40 All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 adequate41.5 sleep in the past week report that they 78.1 All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 30 are able to manage their stress, compared to 78.1% in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 60 80 40 62.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood Depression Diagnosis— 40 of students who report 4–5 days of adequate sleep maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 53.8 26.5 41.5 26.1 78.1 30Lifetime and Past 12 Months 30 60 20 74.1 in lifeQuestions (CDC, 2014). on adverseA growing childhood body of experiencesresearch supports (ACEs) thewere idea developed All Students by Age Group 96.5% in that period. 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction

Percent 30 60 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 15.4 Mental Health Mental 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 50 Percent 62.8 are withconnected the goal to ofadverse studying health associations outcomes betweenin adulthood, childhood including 7.7 25 28.4 7.7 10 40 10 15.0 chronicmaltreatment disease, lower and issueseducational of health achievement, and well-being poor that physical appear and later Percent 0.0 53.8 26.5 26.1 3.4 30 0 30 2010.1 0.9 20 mentalin life health, (CDC, lower2014). economic A growing success, body of and research social supportsproblems. the idea 20 96.5% 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 201 215.4 3 4 5 6+ 20.0 43.9 0 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7

28.4 7.7 25 Number10 of Times Crisis Line Contacted 10 Current High-Risk Current15.0 High Credit Card chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poorPercent physical and 15 17.4 0.0 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— 3.4 Who Responded Percent 0 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 0 10.1 0.9 20 ACEs Question 20 Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health1 Crisis 2 Line 3 4 5 6+ 0Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Days of Adequate Sleep Did Not Contact a MentalNumber Health of Times Crisis CrisisLine Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card Percent 15 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Did you live with anyone who was depressed, Who Responded Percent 5 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 0 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentallyACEs Questionill, or suicidal? 35.0 Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did (Questionsyou live with pertain anyone to whoevents was happening a problem before age 18) More Than Once 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the pastDays 12 of months. Adequate Sleep drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 5 8.2 past 12 months.Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the Did mentallyyou live with ill, or anyone suicidal? who used illegal street 35.0 Age Group drugs or who abused prescription medications? past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 12.7 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 Within18–19 Lifetime Within Past 1220–24 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was past 12 months. sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other Age Group correctionalDid you live facility? with anyone who used illegal street 7.1 drugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was Howsentenced often did to your serve parents time inor prison,adults in jail, your or otherhome Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months evercorrectional slap, hit, kick, facility? punch, or beat each other up? 7.1 All Students 11.9 HowWere often your did parents a parent separated or adult in or yourdivorced? home ever 22.2 hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? (Do Hownot include often spanking.)did your parents or adults in your home 13.4 Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? All Students 11.9 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swearHow at oftenyou, insult did a you,parent or putor adultyou down?in your home ever All Students by Gender hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? 45.7 each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided (Do not include spanking.) by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than 13.4 you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? meansIn an a studentattempt is to not measure effectively effectiveness managing inhis managingor her stress. stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever 6.7 Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? All6 Students by Gender How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you 45.7 each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than 5 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. Howyou often or an did adult, anyone ever at touch least you5 years sexually? older than 6.7 you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 6 5.1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you 4 or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 5 39.0% 3 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than 3.6 3.6

Percent you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 5.1 61.0% 4 2

2.5 39.0% 3 3.6 3.6 1.8 Percent 1 61.0% 1.3 0.0 2 0.0 0.0

0 2.5 Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) 1 1.8 Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 All Students Males Females Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or 10 ManagedHealth and Stress Health-Related (Index ≤1) Behaviors Winona State University Students Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students Males Females Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues The four most commonlyLifetime reported issues among All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students students at Winona State University are stress All Students Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months 50 All Students (76.8%), excessive computer/internet30 use (51.5%), Percent Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: sleep difficulties (49.7%25 27.9), and financial27.8 difficulties 40 Experiencing Percent Who Report 44.2 Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed Within Past During the past 12 months, how have the following affected (42.3%). Among students who report a particular 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months issue, the issues with the greatest impact on Arrested 0.6 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 Percent Percent academic performance are any disability16.1 (63.8%), 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 21.3 Bankruptcy 0.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected sleep difficulties (55.1%), any mental health issue Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 15.9 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 10 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 (54.7%), and homelessness5 (50.0%). 7.3 2.9 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 4.9 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Failing a Class 7.9 Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 Social Phobia/ Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 Getting Married 0.4 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Results Parental Conflict 17.1 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Currently Taking Medication Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Mental Health Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Spouse/Partner Conflict 25 5.9% Depression Diagnosis— (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 20.9 three or fewer days a week Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 27.9% 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 30 15 18.0 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8

29.1 Percent 25 10 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 24.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 5 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 15 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 0 10 All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months

All Students Males Females

Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 All Students 80 40 Depression Diagnosis— 41.5 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 30 60 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 62.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 53.8 26.5 26.1 30 30 20 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 96.5% 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7

28.4 7.7 25 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 0.0 3.4 0 10.1 0.9 20 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 20 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card Percent 15 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded

Percent 0 ACEs Question Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Days of Adequate Sleep Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 5 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Results 11 Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Age Group drugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other correctional facility? 7.1 Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 How often did your parents or adults in your home Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? All Students 11.9 How often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? (Do not include spanking.) 13.4 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? 45.7 All Students by Gender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 6 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 5 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 4 5.1 39.0% 3 3.6 3.6

Percent 61.0% 2 2.5

1 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students Males Females Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months All Students Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students All Students Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months 50 All Students 30 Percent Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Experiencing Percent Who Report 44.2 Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed Within Past During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months Arrested 0.6 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 Percent Percent 16.1 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 21.3 Bankruptcy 0.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 15.9 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 10 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 5 7.3 2.9 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 4.9 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Failing a Class 7.9 Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 Social Phobia/ Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 Getting Married 0.4 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Parental Conflict 17.1 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Currently Taking Medication Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Pregnancy 0.4 0.0 Spouse/Partner Conflict 25 5.9% Depression Diagnosis— (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 20.9 three or fewer days a week Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 27.9% 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 30 15 18.0 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8

29.1 Percent 25 10 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 24.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 5 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 15 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 0 10 All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months

All Students Males Females

Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students Answering questions about events occurring before Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 All Students age 18, 45.7% of WSU students report that a parent 80 40 or adult in their home swore at them, insulted them, Depression Diagnosis— 41.5 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 or put them down, and 35.0% report74.1 living with Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 30 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 60 someone62.8 who was depressed, mentally ill, or suicidal. with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 53.8 26.5 26.1 30 30 20 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 96.5% 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7

28.4 7.7 25 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 0.0 3.4 0 10.1 0.9 20 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 20 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card Percent 15 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded

Percent 0 ACEs Question Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Days of Adequate Sleep Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 5 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Age Group drugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other correctional facility? 7.1 Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 How often did your parents or adults in your home Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? All Students 11.9 Results How often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? (Do not include spanking.) 13.4 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? 45.7 All Students by Gender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7

6 Health Mental How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 5 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 4 5.1 39.0% 3 3.6 3.6

Percent 61.0% 2 2.5

1 1.8 1.3 0.0 Any Mental Health0.0 Condition Diagnosis— 0.0 Nearly three-fourths (72.1%) of WSU students Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences— Lifetime0 and Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors—Past 12 Months Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Impact of Health and Personal Issues Lifetime Mental Health Condition Diagnosis— All Students by GenderAnorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or All Students report experiencing at least one adverse All Students Bulimia Stress and Diagnosis of Mental Health, on Academic Performance—Past 12 Months Lifetime and Past 12 Months Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students All Students Acute, and Chronic Conditions—Past 12 Months childhood experience. 50 All Students Males Females All Students 30 Percent Who Report Students were asked to respond to the following question: 25 27.9 27.8 40 Experiencing Percent Who Report 44.2 Percent Who Report Mental Health Condition Being Diagnosed Within Past During the past 12 months, how have the following affected 39.3 Stressor 12 Months Being Diagnosed your academic performance? 20 Anorexia 2.5 0.0 30 Condition Within the Past 12 Months Arrested 0.6 The response options were: 15 Anxiety 30.8 9.8 Anxiety 5.5 16.6 Percent Percent 16.1 20 Attempted Suicide 1.6 • I do not have this issue/not applicable Attention Deficit Disorder 5.9 1.7 Depression 5.8 10.7 • I have this issue—my academics have not been affected 10 12.7 21.3 Bankruptcy 0.0 • I have this issue—my academics have been affected Bipolar Disorder 0.8 0.6 15.9 17.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 0.3 0.5 10 Death of Someone Close to You 22.0 5 7.3 2.9 Bulimia 1.3 0.0 Panic Attacks 3.1 9.6 0.4 9.0 Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness 8.5 4.9 0 Depression 24.8 7.7 0 Social Phobia/Performance Anxiety 1.4 3.8 Health or Personal Issue Percent Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness 4.6 0 54321 6–8 9–11 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 2.7 0.4 Alcohol Use 20.4 6.3 Excessive Credit Card Debt 5.0 Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) Number of Adverse Childhood Experiences Panic Attacks 16.3 5.6 All Students Males Females Any Disability (Learning, ADD/ADHA, Physical, etc.) 12.4 63.8 Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card 9.5 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 4.2 1.5 Chronic Health Condition 14.5 13.2 Failing a Class 7.9 Seasonal Affective Disorder 8.2 3.2 Concern for Family Member or Friend 35.5 28.1 Fired or Laid Off From a Job 2.4 Social Phobia/ Eating Disorder 6.6 19.4 Performance Anxiety 6.9 2.3 Getting Married 0.4 Excessive Computer/Internet Use 51.5 38.7 Issues Related to Sexual Orientation 2.6 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Financial Difficulties 42.3 27.6 Lack of Health Care Coverage 4.2 Food Insecurity 10.4 34.7 Parental Conflict 17.1 Homelessness 0.4 50.0 Put on Academic Probation 4.0 Currently Taking Medication Number of Days of Adequate Sleep— Marijuana Use 11.9 16.1 for a Mental Health Condition Roommate/Housemate Conflict 35.7 Past Seven Days All Students by Gender All Students Mental Health Issue (Depression, Anxiety, etc.) 40.3 54.7 Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 19.6 Pregnancy 12 Health and Health-Related Behaviors0.4 0.0 Winona State University Students Spouse/Partner Conflict 25 5.9% Depression Diagnosis— (Includes Divorce or Separation) 4.6 Relationship Issue with Roommate/Housemate 28.5 25.4 Lifetime and Past 12 Months Termination of Personal Relationship 66.2% of students Relationship Issue with Someone Other Than All Students by Gender 20 (Not Including Marriage) 17.3 get adequate sleep Roommate/Housemate 24.2 30.7 20.9 three or fewer days a week Zero of the Above Stressors 32.0 27.9% 32.2% Serious Injury 3.0 42.9 30 15 18.0 One or Two of the Above Stressors 41.7 Sexual Assault 5.5 30.8

29.1 Percent 25 10 Three or More of the Above Stressors 26.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection 3.2 13.3 24.8 34.0% Sleep Difficulties 49.7 55.1 20 5 Note: Items found in this table are based on the Holmes and Rahe Stress 6.5 Scale (Homes and Rahe, 1967). The items included in the stress scale were Stress 76.8 49.3 adapted to college students. 15 Upper Respiratory Infection (Cold/Flu, Sinus, Strep, etc.) 41.6 42.3 Percent 0 10 All Students Males Females 0–1 Day per Week 4–5 Days per Week Report Having the Issue 8.9 9.2 2–3 Days per Week 6–7 Days per Week 5 7.7 2.2 Report the Issue Impacted Academics (Among Those Who Report Having the Issue) 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months

All Students Males Females

Mental Health Crisis Line Contacted— Past 12 Months Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior* All Students All Students Adequate Sleep and Ability to Manage Stress* All Students Adverse Childhood Experiences 3.5% 50 All Students 80 40 Depression Diagnosis— 41.5 78.1 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 74.1 Questions on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were developed All Students by Age Group 30 60 in 2008 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 50 62.8 with the goal of studying associations between childhood 40 maltreatment and issues of health and well-being that appear later Percent 53.8 26.5 26.1 30 30 20 in life (CDC, 2014). A growing body of research supports the idea 96.5% 40 that childhood experiences of abuse, neglect, and family dysfunction Percent 15.4 20 15.4 20.0 43.9 Percent are connected to adverse health outcomes in adulthood, including 7.7

28.4 7.7 25 10 10 15.0 chronic disease, lower educational achievement, poor physical and 0.0 3.4 0 10.1 0.9 20 mental health, lower economic success, and social problems. 20 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0 Number of Times Crisis Line Contacted Current High-Risk Current High Credit Card Percent 15 17.4 Tobacco Use— Drinking—5+ Marijuana Use— Debt— Who Responded

Percent 0 ACEs Question Any Use Drinks per Sitting Past 30 Days Balance $3,000+ 0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 Yes, Once, or 10 Contacted a Mental Health Crisis Line Past 30 Days Past 2 Weeks (Questions pertain to events happening before age 18) More Than Once Days of Adequate Sleep Did Not Contact a Mental Health Crisis Line Did you live with anyone who was depressed, 8.2 Two or Fewer Stressors Three or More Stressors 5 7.6 *Days of adequate sleep is based on reported experiences in the mentally ill, or suicidal? 35.0 past seven days and ability to manage stress is based on reported Did you live with anyone who was a problem 0 *Number of stressors is based on reported experiences within the experiences within the past 12 months. drinker or alcoholic? 20.4 18–19 20–24 past 12 months. Did you live with anyone who used illegal street Age Group drugs or who abused prescription medications? 12.7 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Did you live with anyone who served time or was sentenced to serve time in prison, jail, or other correctional facility? 7.1 Were your parents separated or divorced? 22.2 How often did your parents or adults in your home Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months ever slap, hit, kick, punch, or beat each other up? All Students 11.9 How often did a parent or adult in your home ever hit, beat, kick, or physically hurt you in any way? (Do not include spanking.) 13.4 In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students How often did a parent or adult in your home ever Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime are asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage stress, swear at you, insult you, or put you down? 45.7 All Students by Gender each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater than 1 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress. you or an adult, ever touch you sexually? 6.7 6 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, try to make you touch them sexually? 3.5 5 How often did anyone at least 5 years older than you or an adult, force you to have sex? 1.1 4 5.1 39.0% 3 3.6 3.6

Percent 61.0% 2 2.5

1 1.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 Anorexia Bulimia Anorexia and/or Managed Stress (Index ≤1) Bulimia Unmanaged Stress (Index >1) All Students Males Females Results Tobacco Use

Young adults transitioning between high school and college find themselves in an environment with increased opportunities to make personal and lifestyle decisions without supervision or input from their parents. This newfound freedom, coupled with growing academic pressure and an expanding social network, can lead to experimentation and risky behaviors such as smoking. Preventing smoking among young adults is critical to reducing both the long-term use of tobacco products and their subsequent negative health consequences.

National Comparison Nearly one-fourth (24.0%) of 18- to 20-year-olds (CBHSQ, 2015) and nearly one-fourth (23.5%) of young adults ages 18–25 report cigarette use in the past 30 days, and 5.2% used smokeless tobacco in the previous month (CBHSQ, 2017). Among full-time college students, 18.7% smoked cigarettes at least one time in the previous year, about one in eleven (8.9%) smoked cigarettes at least one time in the previous Results 30 days, and about one in 35 (2.6%) smoke cigarettes daily (Schulenberg et al, 2017). Approximately one-tenth (9.7%) of full-time college students smoked e-cigarettes at least one time in the previous year (Johnston et al, 2015). Current cigarette smokers are more likely to use other tobacco products, alcohol, or illicit drugs than nonsmokers (CBHSQ, 2015). Among all current smokers, 68.0% want to completely Tobacco Use stop smoking, 55.4% made an attempt to quit in the past year, and 7.4% successfully quit within the past year (CDC, 2017b). Of the 15 million college students in the United States, an estimated 1.7 million will die prematurely due to smoking-related illnesses (Halperin, 2002). The current level of tobacco use among college students clearly poses a major health risk.

13 Current and Daily Tobacco Use Consider Themselves Smokers All Students by Gender Current Smokers

Current30 and Daily Tobacco Use Consider Themselves Smokers All Students by Gender Current Smokers 25 18.5% The current rate of tobacco use for students at Current and Daily26.1 Tobacco Use All30 Students by Gender Consider Themselves Smokers Winona State University is 12.7%, with a daily rate 20 Current Smokers 25 18.5% of 1.0%. Compared to females, males report higher 15 26.1 81.5% Percent 30 rates of current and daily tobacco use. 1020 12.7 25 11.2 18.5% 26.1 155 81.5% Percent 20 1.0 4.3 0.3 Definition: 10 12.7 Consider Themselves Smokers 0 11.2 Current Tobacco Use 15 Current Daily Do Not Consider81.5% Themselves Smokers Percent 5 Any tobacco use within the past 30 days. 10 1.0 0.3 Tobacco use includes both smoking and 12.7 All Students Males Females4.3 Consider Themselves Smokers 0 11.2 smokeless tobacco. 5 Current Daily Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers 1.0 0.3 4.3 Consider Themselves Smokers 0 All Students Males Females Current Daily Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers

All Students Males Females

Current Tobacco Use All Students by Age Group

WSU students ages 22 and older report the highest Current20 Tobacco Use All Students by Age Group rate of current tobacco use (18.2%). 18.2 Current15 Tobacco Use Average Number of Cigarettes Smoked All20 Students by Age Group 15.7 Per Week—Past 30 Days Current vs. Daily Smokers 10 18.2 Percent 1520 10.3 Average Number of Cigarettes Smoked 15.7 Per12 Week—Past 30 Days Current vs. Daily Smokers Results 5 18.2 1015 Average Number of 11.0Cigarettes Smoked

Percent 9 10.3 15.7 Per12 Week—Past 30 Days Current vs. Daily Smokers 0 105 18–19 20–21 22+ 11.0

Percent 6 10.3 Age Group 129

Tobacco Use Tobacco 05 3 11.0 18–19 20–21 22+ 69 Age Group Average Number of Cigarettes Average 0 0 18–19 20–21 22+ 36 Current Daily Age Group Smokers Smokers* Average Number of Cigarettes Average 03 *Insufficient data. Current Daily

Average Number of Cigarettes Average Smokers Smokers* 0 The highest rate of daily tobacco use is found among Daily Tobacco Use *Insufficient data. All Students by Age Group Current Daily WSU students ages 22 and older (2.3%). Smokers Smokers*

Daily3 Tobacco Use *Insufficient data. All Students by Age Group

Daily Tobacco Use All 2Students3 by Age Group 2.3

Percent 3 1.5 12 2.3

Percent 2 0.0 1.5 2.3 01 18–19 20–21 22+ Percent Age 1.5Group 1 0.0 0 18–19 20–21 22+ 0.0 Age Group 0 18–19 20–21 22+ Age Group

14 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Secondhand Smoke Exposure All Students

Secondhand Smoke Exposure Current Smokeless Tobacco, Hookah, All Students Percent Who Indicate Exposure and Electronic Cigarette Use All Students by Gender LocationSecondhand SmokeNonsmokers Exposure Current Smokers All Students All Students Current Smokeless Tobacco, Hookah, In a Car 9.8 PercentN/A Who45.5 IndicateN/A Exposure13.7 N/A and20 Electronic Cigarette Use Off Campus 8.2 39.5 29.1 61.8 10.5 41.9 All Students by Gender Location Nonsmokers Current Smokers All Students On Campus 1.1 32.4 0.0 25.5 1.0 31.7

19.6 Percent Who Indicate Exposure Current Smokeless Tobacco, Hookah, In a Car 9.8 N/A 45.5 N/A 13.7 N/A and15 Electronic Cigarette Use Where I Live 2.9 6.6 16.4 27.3 4.4 8.9 All20 Students by Gender OffLocation Campus Nonsmokers8.2 39.5 Current29.1 Smokers61.8 10.5All Students41.9 Other 5.0 22.4 20.0 23.6 6.7 22.6

14.1 On Campus 13.9 In a Car 1.19.8 32.4N/A 45.50.0 25.5N/A 13.71.0 31.7N/A 19.6 10 13.5 N/A—Never Exposed 21.8 14.5 21.0 Percent 1520 WhereOff Campus I Live 2.98.2 39.56.6 16.429.1 27.361.8 10.54.4 41.98.9 OtherOn Campus 5.01.1Inside22.432.4 20.0Outside0.0 23.625.5 6.71.0 22.631.7 19.6 14.1

5 13.9 13.5 1015 6.5 N/A—NeverWhere I Live Exposed 2.921.8 6.6 16.414.5 27.3 4.421.0 8.9 Percent 4.6 3.6 3.2 2.7 Other 5.0 22.4 20.0 23.6 6.7 22.6 14.1

0 13.9 Inside Outside 105 Smokeless Tobacco Hookah Electronic13.5 Cigarette N/A—Never Exposed 21.8 14.5 21.0 6.5 Percent 4.6 3.6 3.2 All 2.7 Students Males Females Inside Outside 05 Smokeless Tobacco Hookah6.5 Electronic Cigarette 4.6 3.6 3.2 0 All2.7 Students Males Females Smokeless Tobacco Hookah Electronic Cigarette

All Students Males Females Current and Daily Tobacco Use Consider Themselves Smokers All Students by Gender Current Smokers

30

25 18.5% 26.1 20

15 81.5% Percent 10 12.7 11.2 5 1.0 0.3 4.3 Consider Themselves Smokers 0 Current Daily Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers

All Students Males Females

Current Tobacco Use All Students by Age Group

20

18.2 15 Average Number of Cigarettes Smoked 15.7 Per Week—Past 30 Days Current vs. Daily Smokers 10 Percent 10.3 12

5 11.0 9

0 18–19 20–21 22+ 6 Age Group

3 Average Number of Cigarettes Average 0 Current Daily Smokers Smokers*

*Insufficient data.

Daily Tobacco Use All Students by Age Group

3

2 2.3

Percent 1.5 1

0.0 0 18–19 20–21 22+ Age Group

Secondhand Smoke Exposure All Students

Current Smokeless Tobacco, Hookah, Overall, 4.6% of WSU students report usingPercent Who Indicate Exposure and Electronic Cigarette Use All Students by Gender smokeless tobacco,Location 3.6% report usingNonsmokers a hookah, Current Smokers All Students and 13.5% reportIn a usingCar an electronic9.8 cigaretteN/A 45.5 N/A 13.7 N/A 20 during the past Off30 Campusdays. 8.2 39.5 29.1 61.8 10.5 41.9 On Campus 1.1 32.4 0.0 25.5 1.0 31.7 19.6 15 Where I Live 2.9 6.6 16.4 27.3 4.4 8.9 Definition: Other 5.0 22.4 20.0 23.6 6.7 22.6 14.1 13.9

13.5 Current Smokeless Tobacco Use 10 N/A—Never Exposed 21.8 14.5 21.0 Percent Any smokeless tobacco use within the past 30 days. Inside Outside 5 6.5

4.6 Definition: 3.6 3.2 0 2.7 Current Hookah Use Smokeless Tobacco Hookah Electronic Cigarette Any use of tobacco from a water pipe (hookah) within the past 30 days. All Students Males Females Current and Daily Tobacco Use All Students by Gender Consider Themselves Smokers Definition: Current Smokers Current Electronic Cigarette Use Any electronic cigarette use within the 30 past 30 days.

25 18.5% 26.1 20

15 81.5% Percent

10 12.7 Results Current and Daily Tobacco11.2 Use Consider Themselves Smokers Among students at WSU who report smoking All Students by Gender Current Smokers 5 tobacco in the past 30 days, 81.5% do not 1.0 0.3 4.3 Consider Themselves Smokers 30 0 consider themselves smokers. Current Daily Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers Tobacco Use 25 18.5% 26.1All Students Males Females 20

15 81.5% Percent 10 12.7 11.2 5 1.0 0.3 4.3 Consider Themselves Smokers 0 Current Daily Do Not Consider Themselves Smokers Current Tobacco Use All Students by AgeAll StudentsGroup Males Females

20

18.2 15 Average Number of Cigarettes Smoked The average number of cigarettes smoked per 15.7 Per Week—Past 30 Days Current vs. Daily Smokers week over the past 30 days by WSU students is 10 11.0 among current smokers. Percent 10.3 12 Current Tobacco Use All Students5 by Age Group 11.0 9

20 0 18–19 20–21 22+ 6 Age Group 18.2 15 Average Number of Cigarettes Smoked 15.7 Per Week—Past3 30 Days Current vs. Daily Smokers

10 Number of Cigarettes Average Percent 10.3 12 0 Current Daily Smokers Smokers* 5 11.0 9 *Insufficient data. 0 18–19 20–21 22+ Daily Tobacco Use 6 All Students by Age Group Age Group Results 15 3 3 Average Number of Cigarettes Average 0 Current Daily Smokers Smokers* 2 2.3 *Insufficient data.

Percent 1.5 Daily Tobacco1 Use All Students by Age Group 0.0 3 0 18–19 20–21 22+ Age Group

2 2.3

Percent 1.5 1

0.0 0 18–19 20–21 22+ Age Group Secondhand Smoke Exposure All Students

Current Smokeless Tobacco, Hookah, Percent Who Indicate Exposure and Electronic Cigarette Use All Students by Gender Location Nonsmokers Current Smokers All Students In a Car 9.8 N/A 45.5 N/A 13.7 N/A 20 Off Campus 8.2 39.5 29.1 61.8 10.5 41.9 On Campus 1.1 32.4 0.0 25.5 1.0 31.7 19.6 15 SecondhandWhere I Live Smoke Exposure2.9 6.6 16.4 27.3 4.4 8.9 All Students Other 5.0 22.4 20.0 23.6 6.7 22.6 14.1 13.9 10 13.5 N/A—Never Exposed 21.8 14.5 21.0 Percent Current Smokeless Tobacco, Hookah, Percent Who Indicate Exposure Inside Outside and Electronic5 Cigarette Use

All Students by Gender 6.5 Location Nonsmokers Current Smokers All Students

4.6 In a Car 9.8 N/A N/A 13.7 N/A 3.6 45.5 3.2 2.7 20 0 Off Campus 8.2 39.5 29.1 61.8 10.5 41.9 Smokeless Tobacco Hookah Electronic Cigarette On Campus 1.1 32.4 0.0 25.5 1.0 31.7 19.6 15 All Students Males Females Where I Live 2.9 6.6 16.4 27.3 4.4 8.9 Other 5.0 22.4 20.0 23.6 6.7 22.6 14.1 13.9 10 13.5 N/A—Never Exposed 21.8 14.5 21.0 Percent

Inside Outside 5 6.5 4.6 3.6 3.2 0 2.7 Smokeless Tobacco Hookah Electronic Cigarette

All Students Males Females All StudentsAll by Gender and Electronic Cigarette Use Current Smokeless Tobacco, Hookah, All StudentsAll by Gender Current andDailyTobacco Use Percent StudentsAll by Age Group Current Tobacco Use Percent Percent StudentsAll by Age Group Daily Tobacco Use Percent 10 15 20 10 15 20 25 30 10 15 20 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 1 2 3 mkls oac Hookah Smokeless Tobacco 12.7 Tobacco Use 4.6 Results 18–19 18–19 10.3 0.0 Current 16 14.1 26.1 All Students All Students

Health andHealth-Related Behaviors 2.7 Among WSU students, and average week. secondhand smoke oncampus (outside)inan 11.2 25.5% Age Group 3.6 Age Group 20–21 20–21 15.7 1.5 ofsmokers report beingexposed to Males 6.5 Males

3.2 1.0 Electronic Cigarette Daily 32.4% Females 4.3 Females 13.5 18.2 22+ 22+ 2.3 ofnonsmokers

19.6 0.3

WinonaState University Students 13.9

Average Number of Cigarettes Current vs. DailySmokers PerWeek—Past 30Days Averageof Cigarettes Number Smoked N/A—Never Exposed Other Where ILive On Campus Campus Off In aCar Location All Students Secondhand Smoke Exposure 12 0 3 6 9 Current Smokers ThemselvesConsider Smokers *Insufficient data. Do Not Consider ThemselvesNot Consider Do Smokers ThemselvesConsider Smokers Smokers Current Nonsmokers 5.0 2.9 1.1 8.2 9.8 11.0 21.8 Inside Percent WhoIndicate Exposure 22.4 32.4 39.5 N/A 81.5% 6.6 18.5% Current Smokers 20.0 16.4 29.1 45.5 Smokers* 0.0 Outside Daily Daily 14.5 23.6 27.3 25.5 61.8 N/A 10.5 13.7 All Students 6.7 4.4 1.0 21.0 22.6 31.7 41.9 N/A 8.9 Results Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use

For some young adults, college life includes an introduction to or an increase in the use of alcohol, marijuana, and various illicit drugs. Whether students are using these substances to signify emergence into adulthood, enhance their social life, or cope with stress, substance abuse can lead to a decline in classroom performance, lower grades, aggressive behavior, property damage, and personal injury.

National Comparison American college students consume alcohol and other drugs at very high rates. Among full-time college students, four in five (81.3%) have consumed alcohol at least one time, nearly four in five (78.9%) have consumed alcohol in the past year, and about three in five (63.2%) consume alcohol monthly (Schulenberg et al, 2017). The rate of binge drinking (consuming five or more alcoholic beverages in a row in the previous two weeks) is highest for those ages 21–25, at 43.3%, and is 28.5% among 18- to 20-year-olds (CBHSQ, 2015). Compared to those not enrolled in college full-time, young adults ages 18–22 who are enrolled full-time are more likely to consume alcohol monthly and to binge drink

(CBHSQ, 2015). Results

More than one-half (54.4%) of full-time college students have used an illicit drug at least once in their lifetime, more than four in ten (42.8%) have used an illicit drug at least once in the past year, and nearly Alcohol Use and Other Drug one in four (24.3%) have used an illicit drug in the last month (Schulenberg et al, 2017). Marijuana is the illicit drug of choice for full-time college students, with more than half (51.0%) having used the drug at least once in their lifetime, nearly two in five (39.3%) having used it in the past year, and nearly one-fourth (22.2%) having used it in the past month (Schulenberg et al, 2017). Among full-time college students, 9.8% have used amphetamines, 4.7% have used cocaine, and 4.5% have used hallucinogens in the previous year (Schulenberg et al, 2017).

17 Average Number of Alcohol-Related Average Number of Alcohol-Related Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative Consequences* Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current Among Winona State University students, AllAlcohol Students Use—Past by Gender 12 Months and Current AllHigh-Risk Students by Drinking Gender AllAverage Students Estimated by Gender Blood Alcohol Content AllNegative Students by Consequences* Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender AllMarijuana Students by Use—PastGender 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender 81.8% report using alcohol in the past 12 months, Average Number of Alcohol-Related Alcohol100 Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk50 Drinking Average0.10 Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative20 Consequences* and 63.7% report using alcohol in the past 30 days. 100 All Students50 by Gender 0.10 Marijuana50 Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender 50.0 All Students by Gender All Students20 by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students50 by Gender Compared to male students, female students report 50.0 80 40 0.08 0.09 18.1 45.1 80 83.5 40 0.08 0.09 15 18.1 40 higher rates of alcohol use in the past 12 months 100 81.8 79.1 50 0.10 0.08 0.08 2015 16.3 40 45.1 81.8 79.1 83.5 0.08 0.08 16.3 50 60 70.7 73.2 30 50.0 0.06 and in the past 30 days. 60 63.7 70.7 73.2 30 0.06 30 34.6 80 63.7 40 30.4 30.4 0.08 0.09 10 18.1 30 34.6 31.7

Percent 45.1 Percent 40 29.3 Percent 83.5 30.4 30.4 1510 31.7

Percent 20 81.8 Percent 29.3 Percent 40 79.1 0.04 0.08 0.08 16.3 20 40 73.2 20 BAC Average 0.04 20 60 70.7 30 BAC Average 0.06

Average Number of Average 30 Definition: 63.7 5 34.6 17.9 18.0

10 Number of Average 20 30.4 30.4 0.02 Consequences Negative 105 10 31.7 17.9 18.0 Percent

10 Percent 29.3 Percent Past 12-Month Alcohol Use 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 4.3 10 40 20 0.04 4.3 3.1 20 Average BAC Average Any alcohol use within the past year. 0 0 0.00 0 3.1 0 0 0 0.00 Number of Average 50 Past 12 Months Current 10 All Students Males Females All Students Males Females 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk 0 Past 12 Months 17.9 Current 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females All Students Males Females 5 orDrinks Fewer 6 Drinksor More Non-High-RiskDrinkers High-RiskDrinkers 10 Past 12 Months Current Drinks4.3 Drinks Drinkers Drinkers Definition: All Students Males Females per Week per Week 3.1 All Students Males Females All Students Males Females per Week per Week Current Alcohol Use 0 0 0.00 0 0 All Students Males Females Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females All Students Males Females *The5 or Feweraverage number6 or of More drinks is basedNon-High-Risk on behavior in theHigh-Risk past 30 days, Any alcohol use within the past 30 days. *The high-risk average drinking number is based of drinks on behavior is based inon the behavior past two in theweeks, past and 30 days,the Past 12 Months Current high-riskDrinks drinking is Drinksbased on behaviorDrinkers in the past two weeks,Drinkers and the peraverage Week number ofper negative Week consequences is based on reported All Students Males Females experiencesaverage number in the of past negative 12 months. consequences is based on reported All Students Males Females experiences in the past 12 months. *The average number of drinks is based on behavior in the past 30 days, high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks, and the Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content average number of negative consequences is based on reported Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinking experiences in the past 12 months. AllCurrent Students Alcohol by Age Group Use AllHigh-Risk Students by Drinking Age Group AllAverage Students Estimated by Age Group Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group

WSU students ages 21–22 report the highest rate Current100 Alcohol Use High-Risk50 Drinking Average0.10 Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All100 Students by Age Group All Students50 by Age Group All0.10 Students by Age Group of consuming alcohol in the past 30 days (88.3%). 48.7 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— 48.7 AllHigh-Risk Students Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— 80 88.3 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 All Students Past 12 Months More than three in five 62.5%( ) underage WSU 80 88.3 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 AllPast Students 12 Months 100 50 39.3 0.10 75.0 39.3 All Students students report consuming alcohol in the past 60 75.0 30 48.7 0.06 0.07 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— 60 62.5 30 0.06 0.07 All Students 80 62.5 88.3 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Past 12 Months Percent

30 days. Percent Percent 25.8 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent All Students WhoPercent Report Percent 40 Percent 20 25.8 39.3 0.04 Who Report 40 75.0 20 BAC Average 0.04 Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 Experiencing

60 30 BAC Average 0.06 0.07 Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 ExperiencingWithin Past 20 62.5 10 0.02 Got into an Argument or Fight 15.9 8.7 32.5 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use Within12 Months Past NegativeGot into an Consequence Argument or DueFight to Alcohol Use 15.9Percent8.7 32.5 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use 12Percent Months Percent 20 Percent 10 0.02 40 20 25.8 0.04 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually Arrested for a DWI/DUI Who 0.2Report

Average BAC Average Driven(IncludesHave Been a Car Males Taken While and Advantage Under Females) the ofInfluence Sexually 5.63.4 2.01.4 13.97.9 Arrested for a DWI/DUI Experiencing0.2 0 0 0.00 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 0 0 0.00 Criticized by Someone I Know Within5.0 Past Results 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 GotMissed into a an Class Argument or Fight 15.917.1 8.78.1 32.537.7 NegativeCriticized Consequenceby Someone I DueKnow to Marijuana Use 12 Months5.0 20 18–20 21–22 23–24 10 18–20 21–22 23–24 0.02 18–20 21–22 23–24 Missed a Class 17.1 8.1 37.7 Age Group Age Group Age Group Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 0.0 Age Group Age Group Age Group HavePerformed Been TakenPoorly Advantage on a Test or of Important Sexually Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 ArrestedDamaged for Property, a DWI/DUI Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 0.20.0 (IncludesPerformed Males Poorly and on Females) a Test or Important Project 12.73.4 1.46.4 27.27.9 Done Something I Later Regretted 1.6 0 0 0.00 CriticizedDone Something by Someone I Later I RegrettedKnow 5.01.6 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 MissedAll a ClassStudents Non-High-Risk Drinkers 17.1High-Risk8.1 Drinkers37.7 Driven a Car While Under the Influence All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers 5.6 Age Group Age Group Age Group DamagedDriven a CarProperty, While PulledUnder Firethe InfluenceAlarm, etc. 0.05.6 Performed*High-risk drinking Poorly ison based a Test on or behavior Important in the Project past two weeks12.7 while6.4 the rate27.2 for Got Into an Argument or Fight 0.8 *High-risk negative drinkingconsequences is based is basedon behavior on reported in the pastexperiences two weeks in the while past the 12 ratemonths. for DoneGot Into Something an Argument I Later or Regretted Fight 1.60.8 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Got Nauseated or Vomited 2.6 All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers DrivenGot Nauseated a Car While or VomitedUnder the Influence 5.62.6 Had a Hangover 2.0 *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for GotHad Into a Hangover an Argument or Fight 0.82.0 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Had a Memory Loss 2.4 GotHad Nauseated a Memory or Loss Vomited 2.62.4 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 0.0 HadHave a BeenHangover Taken Advantage of Sexually 2.00.0 Male WSU students report consuming a higher Average Number of Drinks per Week— Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.0 PastAverage 30 Days Number of Drinks per Week— HadHave a TakenMemory Advantage Loss of Another Sexually 2.40.0 average number of drinks per week than female AllPast Students 30 Days by Gender Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— Hurt or Injured 0.6

Alcohol Use and Other Drug Alcohol Hurt or Injured 0.6 All Students by Gender High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— PastNegative 12 Months Consequences of Alcohol Use— Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 0.0 students at the university. The average number of Average Number of Drinks per Week— High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Missed a Class 1.8 8 Perceived vs. Actual All Students Likelihood of Calling 911 in an HaveMissed Taken a Class Advantage of Another Sexually 0.01.8 drinks per week may serve as an indicator of overall Past8 30 Days AllPerceived Students vs. Actual All Students Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.2 All Students by Gender 8.0 All Students AllAlcohol- Students or Drug-Related Situation HurtPerformed or Injured Poorly on a Test or Important Project 0.61.2 8.0 Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— All Students Seriously Thought About Suicide 0.2 alcohol use. High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months Percent MissedSeriously a Class Thought About Suicide 1.80.2 6 Perceived vs. Actual All Students WhoPercent Report Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 86 Question asked: Who Report Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 AllInQuestion theStudents past twoasked: weeks, what percentage of students at your Experiencing Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.2 8.0 ExperiencingWithin Past AllResponse Students Percent Thought I Might Have a Drug Problem 2.2 schoolIn the pastdo you two think weeks, had what five orpercentage more drinks of studentsat a sitting? at your SeriouslyThought ThoughtI Might Have About a Drug Suicide Problem 2.2 4 school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Within12 Months Past Response Percent 0.2 (One drink = one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink Percent Very Likely Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 64 (One drink = one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months 68.9 75.2 66.5 Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 4.0 Questioncontaining asked:1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or Arrested for a DWI/DUI Who Report0.4 Very Likely 68.9 75.2 66.5 Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 4.0 3.6 acontaining 5-ounce glass 1 or of1.5 wine.) ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or Experiencing Somewhat Likely Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.4 24.4 21.4 25.5 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) Criticized by Someone I Know Within18.5 Past ResponseSomewhat Likely 24.4 Percent21.4 25.5 Thoughtor Other I University/College Might Have a Drug Authorities Problem 2.20.4 2 school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? Somewhat Unlikely 4.4 1.7 5.4 or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 42 (One drink = one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink NegativeCriticized Consequenceby Someone I DueKnow to Alcohol Use 12 Months18.5 Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 Average Number of Drinks Average Students’ Perception Actual VerySomewhat Likely Unlikely 68.94.4 75.21.7 66.55.4 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 1.4 Average Number of Drinks Average 4.0 High-Risk ofStudents’ High-Risk Perception Drinking High-RiskActual ArrestedDamaged for Property, a DWI/DUI Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 0.41.4 Very Unlikely 2.3 1.7 2.6 3.6 aHigh-Risk 5-ounce glass of wine.) of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk SomewhatVery Unlikely Likely 24.42.3 21.41.7 25.52.6 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, 0 Drinking Status by School Peers Drinking Rate Done Something I Later Regretted 23.2 or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 20 Drinking Status by School Peers Drinking Rate CriticizedDone Something by Someone I Later I RegrettedKnow 18.523.2 All Students Males Females Driven a Car While Under the Influence SomewhatAll Unlikely Students Students4.4 Who 1.7Students Who5.4 All Students Males Females All Students 47.5% 5.6 All Students Average Number of Drinks Average All Students Students’47.5% Perception Actual DamagedDriven a CarProperty, While PulledUnder Firethe InfluenceAlarm, etc. 1.45.6 DidStudents Not Use Who DidStudents Use Who High-RiskHigh-Risk Drinkers of High-Risk52.1% Drinking High-Risk30.4% Got Into an Agrument or Fight 15.9 Very Unlikely AlcoholDid Not2.3 WithinUse 1.7AlcoholDid Use Within 2.6 0 DrinkingHigh-Risk Status Drinkers by School52.1% Peers Drinkingof All30.4% Students Rate DoneGot Into Something an Agrument I Later or Regretted Fight 23.215.9 theAlcohol Past Within30 Days theAlcohol Past Within30 Days of All Students Got Nauseated or Vomited 42.9 the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days All Students Males Females AllNon-High-Risk Students Drinkers 47.5%45.0% DrivenGot Nauseated a Car While or VomitedUnder the Influence 42.95.6 All Students Students Who Students Who Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% Had a Hangover 53.2 Did Not Use Did Use Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months High-Risk Drinkers 52.1% 30.4% GotHad Into a Hangover an Agrument or Fight 15.953.2 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within AllSelected Students Drug Use—Past 12 Months of All Students Had a Memory Loss 24.2 the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days All Students GotHad Nauseated a Memory or Loss Vomited 42.924.2 Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 3.4 HadHave a BeenHangover Taken Advantage of Sexually 53.23.4 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.8 All Students Percent HadHave a TakenMemory Advantage Loss of Another Sexually 24.20.8 WhoPercent Report Hurt or Injured 8.9 WhoUse Report Hurt or Injured Fake ID Ownership 18 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 3.48.9 AllFake Students ID Ownership under 21 Years of Age WithinUse Past Missed a Class 17.1 All Students under 21 Years of Age Within Past Blood Alcohol Content HaveMissed Taken a Class Advantage of Another Sexually 17.10.8 Drug 12Percent Months Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project Drug 12 Months Blood Alcohol Content 12.7 Amphetamines Who Report HurtPerformed or Injured Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.78.9 Use0.5 Seriously Thought About Suicide 2.6 Fake100 ID Ownership Amphetamines 0.5 MissedSeriously a Class Thought About Suicide 17.12.6 All100 Students under 21 Years of Age Cocaine Within3.9 Past Blood Alcohol Content Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.4 DrugCocaine 12 Months3.9 PerformedSeriously Tried Poorly to onCommit a Test Suicide or Important Project 12.70.4 80 Ecstasy 2.1 Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol 80 AmphetaminesEcstasy 0.52.1 Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol Thought I Might Have a Drinking Problem 7.5 80.6 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula SeriouslyThought ThoughtI Might Have About a Drinking Suicide Problem 2.67.5 100 80.6 GHB/Rohypnol 0.2 thatin a person’stakes into blood. account The the calculation following factors:of BAC is based on a formula Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 1.4 60 CocaineGHB/Rohypnol 3.90.2 that takes into account the following factors: SeriouslyTried Unsuccessfully Tried to Commit to Stop Suicide Using 0.41.4 60 Hallucinogens 3.2 • Gender Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, 80 EcstasyHallucinogens 2.13.2 Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol Inhalants • Gender orTrouble Other with University/College Police, Residence Authorities Hall, Percent 0.9 Thought I Might Have a Drinking Problem 7.56.9 40 80.6 Inhalants in a • person’s Current blood.body weight The calculation of BAC is based on a formula or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent GHB/Rohypnol 0.20.9 that • takes Current into body account weight the following factors: 40 Opiates 0.2 • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 1.4 60 Opiates • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) Hallucinogens 3.20.2 •• GenderTime period of consumption Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, 20 Sedatives 0.5 20 9.7 8.5 InhalantsSedatives 0.5 • Time period of consumption or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent 9.7 0.9 •• CurrentConcentration body weight of alcohol in the beverage consumed 40 1.2 8.5 Use of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 7.5 • (basedConcentration on the alcohol of alcohol content in the of onebeverage typical consumed can of beer 0 1.2 OpiatesUse of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 0.27.5 • Amount (based on of thealcohol alcohol consumed content (number of one typical of drinks) can of beer Use of Another Person’s ADHD Medication containing 4.5% alcohol) 0 Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no 8.5 • Time containing period 4.5% of consumption alcohol) 20 SedativesUse of Another Person’s ADHD Medication 0.58.5 Yes,used and9.7 Iit have Yes,not but used I have it No,to getbut8.5 oneI plan intentionsNo, I have noof Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed used it not1.2 used it to get one obtainingintentions one of UseUse of of at Another Least One Person’s of the Medication Above Listed Other Drugs Than ADHD 7.53.7 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 obtaining one Use of Another Person’s ADHD Medication containing 4.5% alcohol) Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no 8.5 used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 obtaining one Average Number of Alcohol-Related Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative Consequences* All Students by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender

100 50 0.10 20 50 50.0 Average Number of Alcohol-Related 80 High-Risk40 Drinking 0.08 0.09 18.1 45.1 Alcohol Use—Past 1283.5 Months and Current Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content AverageNegative15 Number Consequences* of Alcohol-Related Marijuana40 Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students81.8 by Gender79.1 All Students by Gender All Students by0.08 Gender 0.08 All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking16.3 Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current 73.2 High-Risk Drinking Male studentsAverage at WSU Estimated report a higher Blood rate Alcohol of Content Negative Consequences* All Students by Gender 60 70.7 All30 Students by Gender 0.06 All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender 63.7 All Students by Gender All30 Students34.6 by Gender 30.4 30.4 high-risk drinking compared to female students 10 31.7

Percent 50 0.10 Percent 29.3 Percent 100 20 50 40 20 50.0 (50.0% vs.0.04 30.4%, respectively). 20 100 50 BAC Average 0.10 20 50

80 40 50.0 0.08 0.09 Number of Average 5 18.1 10 15 40 45.1 17.9 18.0 20 81.8 83.5 0.02 0.08 Consequences Negative 16.3 10 80 79.1 40 0.08 0.09 0.08 18.1 45.1 83.5 73.2 15 4.3 40 60 81.8 79.1 70.7 30 0.06 0.08 0.08 3.1 16.3 30 0 63.7 0 Definition:0.00 0 34.6 60 70.7 73.2 30 30.4 30.4 High-Risk Drinking0.06 10 0 31.7

Percent All Students Males Females Percent 29.3 Percent Past 12 Months 63.7 Current All Students Males Females 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk 30 34.6Past 12 Months Current 40 20 30.4 30.4 0.04 10 Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers 20 31.7

Consumption BAC Average of five or more alcoholic Percent

Percent 29.3 Percent per Week per Week 40 All Students Males Females 20 0.04 All Students Males Females drinks at one sitting within the past two Number of Average 5 20 10 BAC Average 17.9 18.0 20 weeks for 0.02both males and females. A Consequences Negative *The average number of drinks is based on behavior in the past 30 days, 10 Average Number of Average 5 10 drink is defined as one shot of alcohol, a high-risk4.3 drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks, and the 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 3.1 10 0 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink containing average number of negative consequences is based on reported 0 0.00 0 experiences4.3 in the past 12 months. 0 All Students Males Females 3.1 Past 12 Months Current 0 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol,All Students a 12-ounce wine Males Females 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current 0 0.00 0 Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers 0 Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females cooler, or a 5-ounce Allglass Students of wine. Males Females All Students Males Females 5per or WeekFewer 6per or WeekMore Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers All Students Males Females Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinking per Week per Week All Students by Age GroupAll Students Males Females All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group *The average number of drinks is based on behavior in the past 30 days, All Students Males Females high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks, and the *The average average number number of negative of drinks consequences is based on behavior is based in on the reported past 30 days, high-riskexperiences drinking in the is past based 12 onmonths. behavior in the past two weeks, and the 100 50 0.10 average number of negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. 48.7 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— All Students Current80 Alcohol Use 88.3 High-Risk40 Drinking Among WSU0.08Average students, Estimated the peak yearsBlood for 0.09Alcohol engaging Content 0.09 Past 12 Months All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students Current Alcohol Use 75.0 High-Risk Drinking 39.3 in high-riskAverage drinking Estimated are ages 21–22. Blood Alcohol Content All60 Students by Age Group All30 Students by Age Group 0.06All Students by0.07 Age Group 62.5 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Percent

Percent 100 Percent 50 0.10 40 20 25.8 0.04 Who Report

100 50 48.7 BAC Average 0.10 DrivenHigh-Risk a Car While Drinking Under theand Influence Selected Consequences*5.6 2.0 13.9 Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use—Experiencing All Students Within Past 80 88.3 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 GotHigh-Risk into an Argument Drinking or Fight and Selected Consequences* Past 12 Months 20 10 48.7 0.02 15.9 8.7 32.5 NegativeNegativeAll Students Consequence Consequences Due to Marijuana of Marijuana Use Use—12 Months 80 88.3 40 39.3 0.08 0.09 0.09 All Students Past 12 Months 75.0 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.2 60 30 0.06 0.07 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 All Students 0 62.5 75.0 0 39.3 0.00 60 30 0.06 0.07 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Criticized by Someone I Know Percent5.0

Percent 18–20 21–22 23–24 Percent 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 Missed a Class 17.1 8.1 37.7 40 62.5 20 25.8 0.04 Who Report Age Group Age Group Age Group Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. Percent0.0 Average BAC Average Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 Experiencing Percent Percent 25.8 Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 Who Report 40 20 0.04 Done Something I Later Regretted Within1.6 Past

Average BAC Average Experiencing 20 10 0.02 DrivenGot into a anCar Argument While Under or Fight the Influence 15.95.6 2.08.7 13.932.5 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use 12 Months All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers Within Past Results Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 20 10 0.02 GotHave into Been an TakenArgument Advantage or Fight of Sexually 15.9 8.7 32.5 ArrestedNegative for Consequence a DWI/DUI Due to Marijuana Use 12 Months0.2 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for Got Into an Argument or Fight 0.8 0 0 0.00 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually ArrestedCriticized for by a SomeoneDWI/DUI I Know 0.25.0 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 (IncludesMissednegative a MalesconsequencesClass and Females) is based on reported experiences 17.1in3.4 the past1.48.1 12 37.7months.7.9 0 0 0.00 Got Nauseated or Vomited 2.6 Age Group Age Group Age Group CriticizedDamaged Property,by Someone Pulled I Know Fire Alarm, etc. 5.00.0 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 MissedPerformed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 17.112.7 8.16.4 37.727.2 Had a Hangover 2.0 DamagedDone Something Property, I Later Pulled Regretted Fire Alarm, etc. Age Group Age Group Age Group Alcohol Use and Other Drug 0.01.6 Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 Had a Memory Loss 2.4 All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers DoneDriven Something a Car While I Later Under Regretted the Influence 5.61.6 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 0.0 *High-riskAll Studentsdrinking is based Non-High-Riskon behavior in theDrinkers past two weeksHigh-Risk while the Drinkers rate for DrivenGot Into a anCar Argument While Under or Fight the Influence 5.60.8 Average Number of Drinks per Week— negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.0 Past 30 Days *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for Got IntoNauseated an Argument or Vomited or Fight 0.82.6 All Students by Gender negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Hurt or Injured 0.6 Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— GotHad Nauseateda Hangover or Vomited 2.62.0 High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— StudentsPast attending 12 Months WSU overestimate the rate of Missed a Class 1.8 Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Had a HangoverMemory Loss 8 Perceived vs. Actual All Students 2.02.4 All Students high-risk drinking on their campus. The estimate Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.2 8.0 All Students HadHave a Been Memory Taken Loss Advantage of Sexually 2.40.0 Seriously Thought About Suicide 0.2 Average Number of Drinks per Week— from all students is 47.5%, while the actual rate Percent Have BeenTaken Taken Advantage Advantage of Another of Sexually Sexually 0.0 Past6 30 Days Who Report Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 AverageAll Students Number by Gender of Drinks per Week— Question asked: is 30.4%. Those who have engaged in high-risk HaveHurt orTaken Injured Advantage of Another Sexually 0.00.6 In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— Experiencing Past 30 Days Within Past Response Percent Thought I Might Have a Drug Problem 2.2 All Students by Gender schoolHigh-Risk do you Drinkingthink had five Rates or more on drinks Campus— at a sitting? drinking estimateNegativePast 12 Months a rateConsequences of52.1% , while of thoseAlcohol Use— HurtMissed or aInjured Class 0.61.8 4 (OnePerceived drink = one vs. shot Actual of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink NegativeAll Students Consequence Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 8 High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months VeryAlcohol- Likely or Drug-Related68.9 Situation75.2 66.5 MissedPerformed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.81.2 4.0 containingAll Students 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or who haveArrested not engaged for a DWI/DUI in high-risk drinking 0.4 Likelihood of Calling 911 in an 8 8.0 3.6 aPerceived 5-ounce glass vs. of wine.)Actual All Students SomewhatAll Students Likely 24.4 21.4 25.5 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, All Students Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation orPerformedSeriously Other University/College Thought Poorly onAbout a Test Suicide Authoritiesor Important Project 0.41.20.2 2 8.0 estimateCriticized a rate ofby 45.0% Someone. I Know Percent18.5 All Students 6 Who Report Somewhat Unlikely 4.4 1.7 5.4 Seriously ThoughtTried to Commit About Suicide Suicide 0.20.0 Average Number of Drinks Average Question asked: Students’ Perception Actual Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. Percent1.4 6 High-RiskIn the past two weeks, whatof percentageHigh-Risk Drinking of students at yourHigh-Risk Experiencing Very Unlikely 2.3 1.7 2.6 WhoWithin Report Past Response Percent SeriouslyThought I TriedMight to Have Commit a Drug Suicide Problem 0.02.2 0 DrinkingQuestionschool do Status youasked: think had five orby moreSchool drinks Peers at a sitting?Drinking Rate Done Something I Later Regretted 23.2 4 In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Experiencing12 Months (One drink = one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink Within Past Response Percent ThoughtTried Unsuccessfully I Might Have to a StopDrug Using Problem 2.20.6 All Students Males Females Allschool Students do you think had five or more47.5% drinks at a sitting? Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 Very LikelyAll Students Students68.9 Who 75.2Students Who66.5 4 4.0 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or ArrestedNegative for Consequence a DWI/DUI Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months0.4 Did Not Use Did Use 3.6 (Onea 5-ounce drink glass = one of shot wine.) of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink VerySomewhat Likely Likely 68.9 75.2 66.5 TriedTrouble Unsuccessfully with Police, Residenceto Stop Using Hall, 0.6 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler,30.4% or Got Into an Agrument or Fight 15.9 Alcohol24.4 Within 21.4Alcohol Within25.5 4.0 High-Risk Drinkers 52.1% ArrestedCriticized for by a SomeoneDWI/DUI I Know 18.50.4 or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 2 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) of All Students Somewhat LikelyUnlikely the Past24.4 30 Days 21.4the Past 30 Days25.5 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, Got Nauseated or Vomited 42.9 4.4 1.7 5.4 or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 Average Number of Drinks Average 2 Non-High-Risk Drinkers Students’45.0% Perception Actual CriticizedDamaged Property,by Someone Pulled I Know Fire Alarm, etc. 18.51.4 High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk Had a Hangover 53.2 SomewhatVery Unlikely Unlikely 4.42.3 1.7 5.42.6 Average Number of Drinks Average Drinking Status Students’by School Perception Peers DrinkingActual Rate DamagedDone Something Property, I Later Pulled Regretted Fire Alarm, etc. 23.21.4 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months 0 High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk Very Unlikely 2.3 1.7 2.6 All Students All Students Males Females Had a Memory Loss 24.2 0 DrinkingAll Students Status by School47.5% Peers Drinking Rate DoneDriven Something a Car While I Later Under Regretted the Influence 23.25.6 All Students Students Who Students Who Did Not Use Did Use All Students Males Females Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 3.4 All Students Students Who Students Who AllHigh-Risk Students Drinkers 47.5%52.1% 30.4% DrivenGot Into a anCar Agrument While Under or Fight the Influence 15.95.6 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within of All Students Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.8 Didthe PastNot Use30 Days Didthe PastUse 30 Days Percent High-Risk Drinkers 52.1% 30.4% Got IntoNauseated an Agrument or Vomited or Fight 15.942.9 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within Who Report Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% of All Students Hurt or Injured 8.9 the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days GotHad Nauseateda Hangover or Vomited Fake ID Ownership Use Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% 42.953.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months Within Past Missed a Class 17.1 All Students under 21 Years of Age Blood Alcohol Content Had a HangoverMemory Loss 53.224.2 DrugSelectedAll Students Drug Use—Past 12 Months 12 Months Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 HadHave a Been Memory Taken Loss Advantage of Sexually 24.23.4 AmphetaminesAll Students 0.5 Seriously Thought About Suicide 2.6 100 Have BeenTaken Taken Advantage Advantage of Another of Sexually Sexually 3.40.8 Cocaine Percent3.9 Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.4 Who Report HaveHurt orTaken Injured Advantage of Another Sexually 0.88.9 Fake80 ID Ownership Ecstasy Percent2.1Use Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol Thought I Might Have a Drinking Problem 7.5 Who Report in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula Hurt or Injured Results 19 All Students under 21 Years of Age 80.6 GHB/Rohypnol Within Past Missed a Class 17.18.9 Fake ID Ownership Drug 12 Months0.2Use that takes into account the following factors: Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 1.4 Blood Alcohol Content All60 Students under 21 Years of Age Hallucinogens Within Past MissedPerformed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 17.112.7 Drug 12 Months3.2 Blood • Gender Alcohol Content Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, Amphetamines 0.5 100 Inhalants orPerformedSeriously Other University/College Thought Poorly onAbout a Test Suicide Authoritiesor Important Project 12.76.92.6 Percent 0.9 • Current body weight 40 AmphetaminesCocaine 0.53.9 Seriously ThoughtTried to Commit About Suicide Suicide 2.60.4 100 Opiates 0.2 • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) 80 CocaineEcstasy 3.92.1 Blood • Time alcohol period content of consumption (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol SeriouslyThought I TriedMight to Have Commit a Drinking Suicide Problem 0.47.5 20 Sedatives 0.5 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula 80 9.7 8.5 80.6 EcstasyGHB/Rohypnol 2.10.2 Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol that • Concentrationtakes into account of alcohol the following in the beverage factors: consumed ThoughtTried Unsuccessfully I Might Have to a StopDrinking Using Problem 7.51.4 60 1.2 80.6 Use of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 7.5 in a (basedperson’s on blood. the alcohol The calculation content of oneof BAC typical is based can ofon beer a formula 0 GHB/RohypnolHallucinogens 3.20.2 that • containing takesGender into 4.5%account alcohol) the following factors: TriedTrouble Unsuccessfully with Police, Residenceto Stop Using Hall, 1.4 Use of Another Person’s ADHD Medication 8.5 60 Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no HallucinogensInhalants or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent 3.20.9 • GenderCurrent body weight Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, 40 used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 Inhalants or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent obtaining one Opiates 0.90.2 • CurrentAmount bodyof alcohol weight consumed (number of drinks) 40 OpiatesSedatives 0.2 • AmountTime period of alcohol of consumption consumed (number of drinks) 20 9.7 8.5 0.5 • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed 1.2 • Time period of consumption 20 9.7 8.5 SedativesUse of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 0.57.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed 1.2 Use of atAnother Least OnePerson’s of the ADHD Above Medication Listed Drugs 7.5 containing 4.5% alcohol) Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no 8.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 containing 4.5% alcohol) used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s ADHDMedication Medication Other Than ADHD 8.53.7 Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan obtainingNo, I have one no used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 obtaining one Average Number of Alcohol-Related Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative Consequences* All Students by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender

100 50 0.10 20 50 50.0 80 40 0.08 0.09 18.1 15 40 45.1 81.8 79.1 83.5 0.08 0.08 16.3 60 70.7 73.2 30 0.06 63.7 30 34.6 30.4 30.4 10 31.7 Percent

Percent 29.3 Percent 40 20 0.04 20 Average BAC Average

Average Number of Average 5 10 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 10 4.3 3.1 0 0 0.00 0 0 Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females All Students Males Females 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers All Students Males Females per Week per Week All Students Males Females *The average number of drinks is based on behavior in the past 30 days, high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks, and the average number of negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months.

Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group

100 50 0.10 48.7 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— 80 88.3 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 All Students Past 12 Months All Students 75.0 39.3 60 30 0.06 0.07 62.5 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Percent Percent 40 Percent 20 25.8 0.04 Who Report

Average BAC Average Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 Experiencing Within Past 20 10 0.02 Got into an Argument or Fight 15.9 8.7 32.5 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use 12 Months Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.2 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 0 0 0.00 Criticized by Someone I Know 5.0 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 Missed a Class 17.1 8.1 37.7 Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 0.0 Age Group Age Group Age Group Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 Done Something I Later Regretted 1.6 All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for Got Into an Argument or Fight 0.8 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Got Nauseated or Vomited 2.6 Had a Hangover 2.0 Had a Memory Loss 2.4 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 0.0 Average Number of Drinks per Week— Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.0 Past 30 Days All Students by Gender Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— Hurt or Injured 0.6 High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Missed a Class 1.8 8 Perceived vs. Actual All Students All Students Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.2 8.0 All Students Seriously Thought About Suicide 0.2 Percent 6 Question asked: Who Report Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 Experiencing In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Thought I Might Have a Drug Problem 2.2 school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? Within Past Response Percent 4 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months (One drink = one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink Very Likely 68.9 75.2 66.5 Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 4.0 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.4 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) Somewhat Likely 24.4 21.4 25.5 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, Criticized by Someone I Know 18.5 or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 2 Somewhat Unlikely 4.4 1.7 5.4

Average Number of Drinks Average Students’ Perception Actual Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 1.4 High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk Very Unlikely 2.3 1.7 2.6 0 Drinking Status by School Peers Drinking Rate Done Something I Later Regretted 23.2 All Students Males Females All Students 47.5% Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 All Students Students Who Students Who Did Not Use Did Use High-Risk Drinkers 52.1% 30.4% Got Into an Agrument or Fight 15.9 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within of All Students the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days Got Nauseated or Vomited Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% 42.9 Had a Hangover 53.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months Had a Memory Loss 24.2 All Students Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 3.4 Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.8 Percent Who Report Hurt or Injured 8.9 Fake ID Ownership Use Missed a Class 17.1 All Students under 21 Years of Age Within Past The BAC of a student on the most recent Blood Alcohol Content Drug 12 Months Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 Amphetamines 0.5 socializing/partying occasion was calculated based Seriously Thought About Suicide 2.6 100 Cocaine 3.9 on answers to four different survey questions Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.4 80 Ecstasy 2.1 (gender, current body weight, amount of alcohol Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol Thought I Might Have a Drinking Problem 7.5 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula 80.6 GHB/Rohypnol 0.2 that takes into account the following factors: Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 1.4 consumed, and time period of consumption). It 60 Hallucinogens 3.2 • Gender Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, should be noted that the BAC calculated in this study Inhalants or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent 0.9 • Current body weight 40 Opiates is an estimate. This information is self-reported, and • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) 0.2 students tend to underestimate the actual amount of • Time period of consumption 20 9.7 8.5 Sedatives 0.5 alcohol they consume. • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed 1.2 Use of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 7.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 Use of Another Person’s ADHD Medication containing 4.5% alcohol) Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no 8.5 used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 The legal driving limit for individuals of legal drinking obtaining one age is 0.08.

Average Number of Alcohol-Related Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content AverageNegative Number Consequences* of Alcohol-Related All Students by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current AlcoholAll Students Use—Past by Gender 12 Months and Current High-Risk DrinkingThe average estimated BAC among students at AverageAll Students Estimated by Gender Blood Alcohol Content NegativeAll Students Consequences*by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender Winona State University, based on the last time the 100 50 0.10 20 student partied/socialized, is 0.08. The average is 50 100 50 50.0 0.10 20 50 80 40 higher for males50.0 than for females. 0.08 0.09 18.1 45.1 83.5 15 40 80 81.8 79.1 40 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 18.1 16.3 45.1 83.5 15 40 60 81.8 79.1 70.7 73.2 30 0.06 0.08 0.08 16.3 63.7 73.2 30 34.6 60 70.7 30 30.4 30.4 0.06 10 30 31.7

Percent 34.6 Percent 29.3 Percent 63.7 40 20 30.4 30.4 0.04 10 31.7

Percent 20 Percent 29.3 Percent Average BAC Average 40 20 0.04 20 Average Number of Average Average BAC Average 5 10 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative Average Number of Average 5 10 10 4.3 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 3.1 10 4.3 0 0 0.00 0 3.1 0 0 Past 12 Months Current 0 All Students Males Females 0.00 All Students Males Females 0 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current Results Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers 0 Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females All Students Males Females 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females Drinksper Week Drinksper Week Drinkers Drinkers All Students Males Females per Week per Week All Students Males Females *The average number of drinks is based on behavior in the past 30 days, All Students Males Females *The high-risk average drinking number is of based drinks on is behavior based on in behavior the past intwo the weeks, past 30 and days, the high-risk average drinking number is of based negative on behavior consequences in the past is based two weeks,on reported and the average experiences number in ofthe negative past 12 months.consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months.

Current Alcohol Use High-Risk DrinkingAmong WSU students, the average BAC levels at the Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinkingmost recent socializing/partying occasion range from Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group 0.07 to 0.09, with an average of 0.08. Students 100 50 0.10 ages 21–24 report an average estimated level of 100 50 48.7 0.10 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— All Students 80 88.3 40 Use and Other Drug Alcohol 0.09, which exceeds48.7 the legal driving limit of 0.08 for 0.08 0.09 0.09 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* NegativePast 12 Months Consequences of Marijuana Use— 80 88.3 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 All Students PastAll Students 12 Months 75.0 individuals of legal drinking age. 39.3 60 30 39.3 0.06 0.07 All Students 62.5 75.0 60 30 0.06 0.07 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Percent Percent 62.5 Percent 40 20 25.8 0.04 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent WhoPercent Report Percent Percent Average BAC Average Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 WhoExperiencing Report 40 20 25.8 0.04 Within Past Average BAC Average DrivenGot into a Car an While Argument Under or the Fight Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 Experiencing 20 10 0.02 15.9 8.7 32.5 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use Within12 Months Past Got into an Argument or Fight 15.9 8.7 32.5 20 10 0.02 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually NegativeArrested forConsequence a DWI/DUI Due to Marijuana Use 12 Months0.2 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 0 0 0.00 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.2 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 Criticized by Someone I Know 5.0 0 18–20 21–22 23–24 0 18–20 21–22 23–24 0.00 18–20 21–22 23–24 Missed a Class 17.1 8.1 37.7 CriticizedDamaged by Property, Someone Pulled I Know Fire Alarm, etc. 5.00.0 18–20 Age21–22 Group 23–24 18–20 Age21–22 Group 23–24 18–20 Age21–22 Group 23–24 MissedPerformed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 17.112.7 8.16.4 37.727.2 Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 0.0 Age Group Age Group Age Group Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 Done Something I Later Regretted 1.6 All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers DoneDriven Something a Car While I Later Under Regretted the Influence 1.65.6 All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers Driven a Car While Under the Influence *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for Got Into an Argument or Fight 5.60.8 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for GotGot Into Nauseated an Argument or Vomited or Fight 0.82.6 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. GotHad Nauseated a Hangover or Vomited 2.62.0 HadHad a Hangovera Memory Loss 2.02.4 HadHave a Memory Been Taken Loss Advantage of Sexually 2.40.0 Average Number of Drinks per Week— HaveHave Been Taken Taken Advantage Advantage of Another of Sexually Sexually 0.00.0 AveragePast 30 NumberDays of Drinks per Week— Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.0 PastAll Students 30 Days by Gender Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— Hurt or Injured 0.6 All Students by Gender High-Risk20 DrinkingHealth and Rates Health-Related on Campus— Behaviors Winona State University StudentsPast 12 Months Hurt or Injured 0.6 Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Missed a Class 1.8 8 High-RiskPerceived Drinking vs. Actual Rates on Campus— PastAll Students 12 Months Missed a Class 1.8 All Students All Students LikelihoodAlcohol- or of Drug-RelatedCalling 911 in Situation an Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.2 8 8.0 Perceived vs. Actual All Students All Students Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation PerformedSeriously PoorlyThought on About a Test Suicideor Important Project 1.20.2 8.0 Percent All Students 6 Seriously Thought About Suicide 0.2 Question asked: WhoPercent Report Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 6 Experiencing QuestionIn the past asked: two weeks, what percentage of students at your Who Report SeriouslyThought Tried I Might to Commit Have a Drug Suicide Problem 0.02.2 school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? ExperiencingWithin Past Response Percent 4 In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months Thought I Might Have a Drug Problem 2.2 school(One dodrink you = thinkone shot had offive alcohol, or more a 12-ouncedrinks at abeer, sitting? a mixed drink Within Past ResponseVery Likely 68.9 Percent75.2 66.5 Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 4 4.0 (Onecontaining drink = 1one or shot1.5 ounces of alcohol, of alcohol, a 12-ounce a 12-ounce beer, a wine mixed cooler, drink or NegativeArrested forConsequence a DWI/DUI Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months0.4 Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) VerySomewhat Likely Likely 68.924.4 75.221.4 66.525.5 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, 4.0 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) ArrestedCriticized for aby DWI/DUI Someone I Know 0.418.5 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, 2 SomewhatSomewhat Likely Unlikely 24.44.4 21.41.7 25.55.4 Criticized by Someone I Know or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 Average Number of Drinks Average 2 Students’ Perception Actual Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 18.51.4 High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk SomewhatVery Unlikely Unlikely 4.42.3 1.71.7 5.42.6 Average Number of Drinks Average Students’ Perception Actual Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 1.4 0 High-RiskDrinking Status of High-Riskby School Drinking Peers DrinkingHigh-Risk Rate Done Something I Later Regretted 23.2 Very Unlikely 2.3 1.7 2.6 Drinking Status by School Peers Drinking Rate 0 All Students Males Females All Students 47.5% DoneDriven Something a Car While I Later Under Regretted the Influence 23.25.6 All Students Students Who Students Who Did Not Use Did Use All Students Males Females All Students 47.5% Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 All Students Students Who Students Who High-Risk Drinkers 52.1% 30.4% Got Into an Agrument or Fight 15.9 DidAlcohol Not Use Within DidAlcohol Use Within of All Students the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days High-Risk Drinkers 52.1% 30.4% GotGot Into Nauseated an Agrument or Vomited or Fight 15.942.9 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% of All Students the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days Got Nauseated or Vomited 42.9 Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% Had a Hangover 53.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months HadHad a Hangovera Memory Loss 53.224.2 SelectedAll Students Drug Use—Past 12 Months All Students HadHave a Memory Been Taken Loss Advantage of Sexually 24.23.4 HaveHave Been Taken Taken Advantage Advantage of Another of Sexually Sexually 3.40.8 Percent Who Report HaveHurt Taken or Injured Advantage of Another Sexually 0.88.9 Percent Fake ID Ownership Who ReportUse HurtMissed or Injured a Class 8.917.1 FakeAll Students ID Ownership under 21 Years of Age WithinUse Past Blood Alcohol Content All Students under 21 Years of Age Drug Within12 Months Past MissedPerformed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 17.112.7 Drug Blood Alcohol Content Amphetamines 12 Months0.5 PerformedSeriously PoorlyThought on About a Test Suicideor Important Project 12.72.6 100 AmphetaminesCocaine 0.53.9 Seriously Thought About Suicide 100 Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 2.60.4 Cocaine 80 Ecstasy 3.92.1 Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.4 Thought I Might Have a Drinking Problem 7.5 80 80.6 Ecstasy 2.1 Bloodin a person’salcohol content blood. The (BAC) calculation measures theof BAC percentage is based ofon alcohola formula GHB/Rohypnol 0.2 that takes into account the following factors: ThoughtTried Unsuccessfully I Might Have ato Drinking Stop Using Problem 7.51.4 80.6 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula 60 GHB/RohypnolHallucinogens 0.23.2 that takes into account the following factors: • Gender TriedTrouble Unsuccessfully with Police, to Residence Stop Using Hall, 1.4 60 HallucinogensInhalants 3.2 or Other University/College Authorities Percent 0.9 • Gender Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, 6.9 40 • Current body weight Inhalants or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent Opiates 0.9 • Current• Amount body of alcohol weight consumed (number of drinks) 40 0.2 Opiates 0.2 • Amount• Time period of alcohol of consumption consumed (number of drinks) 20 9.7 8.5 Sedatives 0.5 • Time• Concentration period of consumption of alcohol in the beverage consumed 20 9.7 1.2 8.5 SedativesUse of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 0.57.5 • Concentration (based on the ofalcohol alcohol content in the ofbeverage one typical consumed can of beer 0 1.2 containing 4.5% alcohol) UseUse of of at Another Least One Person’s of the ADHDAbove MedicationListed Drugs 7.58.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no Use of Another Person’s ADHD Medication containing 4.5% alcohol) Yes, andused I have it Yes,not but used I have it No, tobut get I plan one No,intentions I have no of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 8.53.7 obtaining one used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 obtaining one Average Number of Alcohol-Related Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative Consequences* All Students by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender

100 50 0.10 20 50 50.0 80 40 0.08 0.09 18.1 15 40 45.1 81.8 79.1 83.5 0.08 0.08 16.3 60 70.7 73.2 30 0.06 63.7 30 34.6 30.4 30.4 10 31.7 Percent

Percent 29.3 Percent 40 20 0.04 20 Average BAC Average

Average Number of Average 5 10 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 10 4.3 3.1 0 0 0.00 0 0 Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females All Students Males Females 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers All Students Males Females per Week per Week All Students Males Females *The average number of drinks is based on behavior in the past 30 days, high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks, and the average number of negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months.

Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group

100 50 0.10 48.7 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— 80 88.3 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 All Students Past 12 Months All Students 75.0 39.3 60 30 0.06 0.07 62.5 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Percent Percent 40 Percent 20 25.8 0.04 Who Report

Average BAC Average Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 Experiencing Within Past 20 10 0.02 Got into an Argument or Fight 15.9 8.7 32.5 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use 12 Months Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.2 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 0 0 0.00 Criticized by Someone I Know 5.0 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 Missed a Class 17.1 8.1 37.7 Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 0.0 Age Group Age Group Age Group Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 Done Something I Later Regretted 1.6 All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for Got Into an Argument or Fight 0.8 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Got Nauseated or Vomited 2.6 Had a Hangover 2.0 Had a Memory Loss 2.4 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 0.0 Average Number of Drinks per Week— Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.0 Past 30 Days All Students by Gender Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— One in 18 (5.6%) WSU students report having Hurt or Injured 0.6 High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months driven a carLikelihood within the of past Calling 12 months 911 inwhile an under Missed a Class 1.8 8 Perceived vs. Actual All Students All Students Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.2 8.0 the influenceAll Students of alcohol; for the same period, Seriously Thought About Suicide 0.2 Percent 6 17.1% report missing a class and 12.7% report Question asked: Who Report Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 Experiencing In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your performing poorly on a test or project as a result of Thought I Might Have a Drug Problem 2.2 school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? Within Past Response Percent 4 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months alcohol use. (One drink = one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink Very Likely 68.9 75.2 66.5 Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 4.0 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.4 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) Somewhat Likely 24.4 21.4 25.5 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, Criticized by Someone I Know 18.5 or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 2 Somewhat Unlikely 4.4 1.7 5.4

Average Number of Drinks Average Students’ Perception Actual Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 1.4 High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk Very Unlikely 2.3 1.7 2.6 0 Drinking Status by School Peers Drinking Rate Done Something I Later Regretted 23.2 All Students Males Females All Students 47.5% Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 All Students Students Who Students Who Did Not Use Did Use High-Risk Drinkers 52.1% 30.4% Got Into an Agrument or Fight 15.9 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within of All Students the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days Got Nauseated or Vomited Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% 42.9 Had a Hangover 53.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months Had a Memory Loss 24.2 All Students Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 3.4 Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.8 Percent Who Report Hurt or Injured 8.9 Fake ID Ownership Use Missed a Class 17.1 All Students under 21 Years of Age Within Past Blood Alcohol Content Drug 12 Months Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 Amphetamines 0.5 Seriously Thought About Suicide 2.6 100 Cocaine 3.9 Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.4 80 Ecstasy 2.1 Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol Thought I Might Have a Drinking Problem 7.5 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula 80.6 GHB/Rohypnol 0.2 that takes into account the following factors: Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 1.4 60 Hallucinogens 3.2 • Gender Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, Inhalants or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent 0.9 • Current body weight 40 Opiates • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) 0.2 Results • Time period of consumption 20 9.7 8.5 Sedatives 0.5 • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed 1.2 Use of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 7.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 Use of Another Person’s ADHD Medication containing 4.5% alcohol) Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no 8.5 used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 Average Number of Alcohol-Related A strong association exists between the average obtainingAlcohol Use and Other Drug one Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative Consequences* All Students by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking number of Alldrinks Students WSU by students Gender consume per week and the total number of reported alcohol-related 100 50 0.10 20 negative consequences50 experienced over the past 50.0 12 months. An association also exists between 80 40 0.08 0.09 18.1 15 40 45.1 81.8 79.1 83.5 0.08 0.08 16.3 engaging in high-risk drinking within the past two 60 70.7 73.2 30 0.06 63.7 weeks and reported30 negative34.6 consequences. 30.4 30.4 10 31.7 Percent

Percent 29.3 Percent 40 20 0.04 20 Average BAC Average

Average Number of Average 5 10 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 10 4.3 3.1 0 0 0.00 0 0 Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females All Students Males Females 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers All Students Males Females per Week per Week All Students Males Females *The average number of drinks is based on behavior in the past 30 days, high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks, and the average number of negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months.

Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group

100 50 0.10 48.7 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— 80 88.3 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 All Students Past 12 Months All Students 75.0 39.3 60 30 0.06 0.07 62.5 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Percent Percent 40 Percent 20 25.8 0.04 Results 21 Who Report

Average BAC Average Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 Experiencing Within Past 20 10 0.02 Got into an Argument or Fight 15.9 8.7 32.5 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use 12 Months Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.2 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 0 0 0.00 Criticized by Someone I Know 5.0 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 Missed a Class 17.1 8.1 37.7 Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 0.0 Age Group Age Group Age Group Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 Done Something I Later Regretted 1.6 All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for Got Into an Argument or Fight 0.8 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Got Nauseated or Vomited 2.6 Had a Hangover 2.0 Had a Memory Loss 2.4 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 0.0 Average Number of Drinks per Week— Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.0 Past 30 Days All Students by Gender Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— Hurt or Injured 0.6 High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months Likelihood of Calling 911 in an Missed a Class 1.8 8 Perceived vs. Actual All Students All Students Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.2 8.0 All Students Seriously Thought About Suicide 0.2 Percent 6 Question asked: Who Report Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 Experiencing In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Thought I Might Have a Drug Problem 2.2 school do you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? Within Past Response Percent 4 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months (One drink = one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink Very Likely 68.9 75.2 66.5 Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 0.6 4.0 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or Arrested for a DWI/DUI 0.4 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) Somewhat Likely 24.4 21.4 25.5 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, Criticized by Someone I Know 18.5 or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 2 Somewhat Unlikely 4.4 1.7 5.4

Average Number of Drinks Average Students’ Perception Actual Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. 1.4 High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk Very Unlikely 2.3 1.7 2.6 0 Drinking Status by School Peers Drinking Rate Done Something I Later Regretted 23.2 All Students Males Females All Students 47.5% Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 All Students Students Who Students Who Did Not Use Did Use High-Risk Drinkers 52.1% 30.4% Got Into an Agrument or Fight 15.9 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within of All Students the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days Got Nauseated or Vomited Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% 42.9 Had a Hangover 53.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months Had a Memory Loss 24.2 All Students Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 3.4 Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually 0.8 Percent Who Report Hurt or Injured 8.9 Fake ID Ownership Use Missed a Class 17.1 All Students under 21 Years of Age Within Past Blood Alcohol Content Drug 12 Months Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 Amphetamines 0.5 Seriously Thought About Suicide 2.6 100 Cocaine 3.9 Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.4 80 Ecstasy 2.1 Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol Thought I Might Have a Drinking Problem 7.5 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula 80.6 GHB/Rohypnol 0.2 that takes into account the following factors: Tried Unsuccessfully to Stop Using 1.4 60 Hallucinogens 3.2 • Gender Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, Inhalants or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent 0.9 • Current body weight 40 Opiates • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) 0.2 • Time period of consumption 20 9.7 8.5 Sedatives 0.5 • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed 1.2 Use of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 7.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 Use of Another Person’s ADHD Medication containing 4.5% alcohol) Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no 8.5 used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 obtaining one AverageAverage NumberNumber ofof Alcohol-RelatedAlcohol-Related Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-RiskHigh-Risk DrinkingDrinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content NegativeNegative Consequences*Consequences* Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content MarijuanaMarijuana Use—PastUse—Past 1212 MonthsMonths andand CurrentCurrent AllAll StudentsStudents byby GenderGender All Students by Gender AllAll StudentsStudents byby GenderGender AllAllAverage StudentsStudents Numberbyby AverageAverage NumberofNumber Alcohol-Related ofof DrinksDrinks andand High-RiskHigh-Risk DrinkingDrinking All Students by Gender Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative Consequences* All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender 100 50 0.10 100 50 0.10 2020 5050 50.050.0 100 50 0.10 20 50 8080 4040 0.080.08 0.090.09 18.118.1 40 45.1 83.5 50.0 1515 40 45.1 81.881.8 79.179.1 83.5 0.080.08 0.080.08 16.316.3 80 73.273.2 40 0.08 0.09 18.1 40 45.1 6060 83.5 70.770.7 3030 0.060.06 15 30 81.8 79.1 63.763.7 0.08 0.08 16.3 30 34.634.6 73.2 30.430.4 30.430.4 1010 31.731.7 Percent

Percent 29.3 Percent Percent 30 Percent 29.3 Percent 60 70.7 0.06 30 4040 63.7 2020 0.040.04 20 34.6

30.4 30.4 BAC Average 20 31.7 Average BAC Average 10 Percent

Percent 29.3 Percent Average Number of Average

20 Number of Average 5 40 10 0.04 5 20 17.917.9 18.018.0 Negative Consequences Negative 20 10 BAC Average 0.02 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 1010

Average Number of Average 5 4.34.3 10 3.1 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 3.1 10 00 00 0.000.00 00 0 All Students Males Females 4.3 0 PastPast 1212 MonthsMonths CurrentCurrent All Students Males Females AllAll StudentsStudents MalesMales FemalesFemales 55 oror FewerFewer 66 oror MoreMore Non-High-RiskNon-High-Risk3.1 High-RiskHigh-Risk PastPast 1212 MonthsMonths CurrentCurrent 0 0 0.00 0 DrinksDrinks DrinksDrinks DrinkersDrinkers DrinkersDrinkers 0 All Students Males Females per Week per Week Past 12AllAll Months StudentsStudents MalesMales CurrentFemalesFemales All Students Males Females 5per or WeekFewer per6 or Week More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12AllAll Months StudentsStudents MalesMales CurrentFemalesFemales Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers All Students Males Females *The*Theper averageaverage Week numbernumberper ofof Week drinksdrinks isis basedbased onon behaviorbehavior inin thethe pastpast 3030 days,days, high-riskhigh-risk drinkingdrinking isis basedbased onon behaviorbehavior inin thethe pastpast twotwo weeks,weeks, andand thethe All Students Males Females *The averageaverage average numbernumber number ofof negativenegative of drinks consequencesconsequences is based on behavior isis basedbased inonon the reportedreported past 30 days, experiences experienceshigh-risk drinking inin thethe ispastpast based 1212 months. months.on behavior in the past two weeks, and the average number of negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. CurrentCurrent AlcoholAlcohol UseUse High-RiskHigh-Risk DrinkingDrinking AverageAverage EstimatedEstimated BloodBlood AlcoholAlcohol ContentContent AllAll StudentsStudents byby AgeAge GroupGroup AllAll StudentsStudents byby AgeAge GroupGroup AllAll StudentsStudents byby AgeAge GroupGroup Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group 100100 5050 0.100.10 48.7 High-RiskHigh-Risk DrinkingDrinking andand SelectedSelected Consequences*Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— 100 50 48.7 0.10 All Students Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— 8080 88.3 4040 0.080.08 0.090.09 0.090.09 All Students Past 12 Months 88.3 Rates for most alcohol-related negative High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Past 12 Months 48.7 39.3 AllAllNegative StudentsStudents Consequences of Marijuana Use— 80 88.3 75.075.0 40 39.3 0.08 0.09 0.09 All Students Past 12 Months 6060 3030 0.060.06 0.070.07consequences are four or more times higher among All Students 62.562.5 39.3 75.0 NegativeNegative ConsequenceConsequence DueDue toto AlcoholAlcohol UseUse PercentPercent PercentPercent

Percent Percent WSU students who engaged in high-risk drinking Percent 60 Percent 30 25.8 0.06 0.07 Who Report 4040 62.5 2020 25.8 0.040.04 Who Report

Average BAC Average Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 Experiencing Average BAC Average in the previous two weeks compared to those who DrivenNegative a Car Consequence While Under Duethe toInfluence Alcohol Use 5.6 Percent2.0 13.9 ExperiencingPercent Percent Percent Within Past 40 20 25.8 0.04 WithinWho Report Past GotGot intointo anan ArgumentArgument oror FightFight 15.915.9 8.78.7 32.532.5 NegativeNegative ConsequenceConsequence DueDue toto MarijuanaMarijuana UseUse 1212 MonthsMonths 2020 1010 BAC Average 0.020.02 did not. Nearly one in seven (13.9%) students who Driven a Car While Under the Influence 5.6 2.0 13.9 Experiencing Within Past HaveHaveGot into BeenBeen an TakenTaken Argument AdvantageAdvantage or Fight ofof SexuallySexually 15.9 8.7 32.5 ArrestedArrested forfor aa DWI/DUIDWI/DUI 0.20.2 20 10 0.02 have engaged in high-risk drinking in the past two (Includes(Includes MalesMales andand Females)Females) 3.43.4 1.41.4 7.97.9 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use 12 Months 00 00 0.000.00 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually CriticizedCriticizedArrested for byby aSomeoneSomeone DWI/DUI II KnowKnow 5.05.00.2 18–2018–20 21–2221–22 23–2423–24 18–2018–20 21–2221–22 23–2423–24 18–2018–20weeks report driving21–2221–22 while under23–24 23–24the influence of MissedMissed(Includes aa ClassClassMales and Females) 17.117.13.4 8.18.11.4 37.737.77.9 0 0 0.00 Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarm, etc. AgeAge GroupGroup AgeAge GroupGroup AgeAge GroupGroup Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project DamagedCriticized Property, by Someone Pulled I Know Fire Alarm, etc. 0.00.05.0 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20alcohol one or 21–22more times in the 23–24past 12 months. PerformedMissed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.712.717.1 6.46.48.1 27.227.237.7 DoneDoneDamaged SomethingSomething Property, II LaterLater Pulled RegrettedRegretted Fire Alarm, etc. 1.61.60.0 Age Group Age Group Age Group Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 AllAll StudentsStudents Non-High-RiskNon-High-Risk DrinkersDrinkers High-RiskHigh-Risk DrinkersDrinkers DrivenDrivenDone Something aa CarCar WhileWhile I LaterUnderUnder Regretted thethe InfluenceInfluence 5.65.61.6 *High-risk*High-riskAll drinkingdrinkingStudents isis basedbased ononNon-High-Risk behaviorbehavior inin thethe Drinkers pastpast twotwo weeksweeksHigh-Risk whilewhile thethe Drinkers raterate forfor GotGotDriven IntoInto a an anCar ArgumentArgument While Under oror FightFight the Influence 0.80.85.6 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Got Nauseated or Vomited 2.6 *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for GotGot NauseatedInto an Argument or Vomited or Fight 2.60.8 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. HadHadGot aaNauseated HangoverHangover or Vomited 2.02.02.6 HadHadHad a aa Memory MemoryHangover LossLoss 2.42.42.0 HaveHaveHad a BeenBeen Memory TakenTaken Loss AdvantageAdvantage ofof SexuallySexually 0.00.02.4 AverageAverage NumberNumber ofof DrinksDrinks perper Week—Week— HaveHave TakenTaken AdvantageAdvantage ofof AnotherAnother SexuallySexually 0.00.0 PastPast 3030 DaysDays Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually 0.0 AllAllAverage StudentsStudents Numberbyby GenderGender of Drinks per Week— NegativeNegative ConsequencesConsequences ofof AlcoholAlcohol Use—Use— HurtHurtHave oror Taken InjuredInjured Advantage of Another Sexually 0.60.60.0 Past 30 Days High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 MonthsAsked if they would call 911 if someone passes out MissedMissedHurt or a aInjured ClassClass 1.81.8 All Students by Gender Perceived vs. Actual AllAllNegative StudentsStudents Consequences of Alcohol Use— LikelihoodLikelihood ofof CallingCalling 911911 inin anan 0.6 88 Perceived vs. Actual Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.2 AllAllHigh-Risk StudentsStudents Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Monthsdue to alcohol/drug use and couldn’t be awakened, Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation PerformedMissed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.21.8 8.08.0 Perceived vs. Actual All Students AllAllLikelihood StudentsStudents of Calling 911 in an 8 SeriouslySeriouslyPerformed ThoughtThought Poorly AboutAbouton a Test SuicideSuicide or Important Project 0.20.2 All Students 68.9% of all WSU students report theyPercentPercent would be Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation 1.2 66 8.0 Who Report All Students Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 QuestionQuestion asked:asked: Who Report SeriouslySeriously TriedThought to Commit About Suicide Suicide 0.00.2 In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your “very likely” to call for emergency assistance.ExperiencingExperiencingPercent 6 In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Within Past Response Percent ThoughtThought II MightMight HaveHave aa DrugDrug ProblemProblem 2.22.2 schoolschool dodo youyou thinkthink hadhad fivefive oror moremore drinksdrinks atat aa sitting?sitting? WithinWho Report Past Response Percent Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide 0.0 4 Question asked: NegativeNegative ConsequenceConsequence DueDue toto AlcoholAlcohol UseUse 1212 MonthsMonths 4 (One(OneIn the drinkdrink past = =two oneone weeks, shotshot ofof what alcohol,alcohol, percentage aa 12-ounce12-ounce of students beer,beer, aa mixed mixedat your drinkdrink Experiencing Very Likely 68.9 75.2 66.5 TriedTried UnsuccessfullyUnsuccessfully toto StopStop UsingUsing 0.60.6 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or Within Past VeryResponse Likely 68.9 Percent75.2 66.5 Thought I Might Have a Drug Problem 2.2 4.04.0 containingschool do you1 or think 1.5 ounces had five of oralcohol, more drinksa 12-ounce at a sitting? wine cooler, or ArrestedArrested forfor aa DWI/DUIDWI/DUI 0.40.4 4 3.63.6 aa(One 5-ounce5-ounce drink glassglass = one ofof shot wine.)wine.) of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months SomewhatSomewhat LikelyLikely 24.424.4 21.421.4 25.525.5 TroubleTroubleTried Unsuccessfully withwith Police,Police, ResidenceResidence to Stop Using Hall,Hall, 0.6 Very Likely 68.9 75.2 66.5 oror OtherOther University/CollegeUniversity/College AuthoritiesAuthorities 0.40.4 22 4.0 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or CriticizedCriticizedArrested for byby aSomeoneSomeone DWI/DUI II KnowKnow 18.518.50.4 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) SomewhatSomewhatSomewhat Unlikely UnlikelyLikely 24.44.44.4 21.41.71.7 25.55.45.4 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall,

Average Number of Drinks Average Students’ Perception Actual

Average Number of Drinks Average Students’ Perception Actual DamagedDamagedCriticized Property,Property, by Someone PulledPulled I Know FireFire Alarm,Alarm, etc.etc. 18.51.41.4 or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 2 High-RiskHigh-Risk ofof High-RiskHigh-Risk DrinkingDrinking High-RiskHigh-Risk VeryVerySomewhat UnlikelyUnlikely Unlikely 2.32.34.4 1.71.71.7 2.62.65.4 DrinkingDrinking StatusStatus byby SchoolSchool PeersPeers DrinkingDrinking RateRate Done Something I Later Regretted 23.2 Average Number of Drinks Average 00 Students’ Perception Actual DoneDamaged Something Property, I Later Pulled Regretted Fire Alarm, etc. 23.21.4 AllAll StudentsStudents MalesMales FemalesFemales High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk Very UnlikelyAll Students Students2.3 Who 1.7Students Who2.6 AllAllDrinking StudentsStudents Status by School47.5%47.5% Peers Drinking Rate DrivenDriven aa CarCar WhileWhile UnderUnder thethe InfluenceInfluence 5.65.6 All Students Students Who Students Who 0 Done Something I Later Regretted 23.2 DidDid NotNot UseUse DidDid UseUse Got Into an Agrument or Fight Alcohol Within Alcohol Within All Students Males Females High-RiskHigh-RiskAll Students DrinkersDrinkers 52.1%52.1%47.5% 30.4%30.4% GotDriven Into a anCar Agrument While Under or Fight the Influence 15.915.95.6 All Students AlcoholStudents Within Who AlcoholStudents Within Who ofof AllAll StudentsStudents Results thetheDid Past PastNot 3030Use DaysDays thetheDid Past PastUse 3030 DaysDays GotGot NauseatedNauseated oror VomitedVomited 42.942.9 Non-High-RiskNon-High-RiskHigh-Risk Drinkers DrinkersDrinkers 45.0%45.0%52.1% 30.4% Got Into an Agrument or Fight 15.9 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within of All Students the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days HadHadGot aaNauseated HangoverHangover or Vomited 53.253.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% 42.9 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months Had a Memory Loss 24.2 AllAll StudentsStudents HadHad aa MemoryHangover Loss 24.253.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months HaveHaveHad a BeenBeen Memory TakenTaken Loss AdvantageAdvantage ofof SexuallySexually 24.23.43.4 All Students HaveHaveHave Taken TakenBeen AdvantageTakenAdvantage Advantage ofof AnotherAnother of Sexually SexuallySexually 0.80.8 PercentPercent 3.4 Who Report Hurt or Injured Who Report HurtHave or Taken Injured AdvantageMost of studentsAnother Sexually at Winona State University8.98.90.8 do FakeFake IDID OwnershipOwnership PercentUseUse All Students under 21 Years of Age Within Past MissedMissed aa ClassClass 17.117.1 All Students under 21 Years of Age WithinWho Report Past BloodBlood AlcoholAlcohol ContentContent Hurt or Injured not have a fake ID and do not have intentions8.9 Fake ID Ownership DrugDrug 1212 MonthsMonthsUse PerformedPerformed PoorlyPoorly onon aa TestTest oror ImportantImportant ProjectProject 12.712.7 All Students under 21 Years of Age Within Past Missed a Class of obtaining one (80.6%). Of those who17.1 AmphetaminesAmphetaminesDrug 12 Months0.50.5 Blood Alcohol Content Seriously Thought About Suicide 2.6 100100 SeriouslyPerformed Thought Poorly Abouton a Test Suicide or Important Project 12.72.6 Cocaine 3.9 do have a fake ID, 55.6% have an ID that CocaineAmphetamines 3.90.5 SeriouslySeriously TriedTried toto CommitCommit SuicideSuicide 0.40.4 100 Seriously Thought About Suicide 2.6 8080 EcstasyEcstasy 2.12.1 Alcohol Use and Other Drug Alcohol Cocaine 3.9 BloodBlood alcoholalcohol contentcontent (BAC)(BAC) measuresmeasures thethe percentagepercentage ofof alcoholalcohol Thought I Might Havesomeone a Drinking else Problem made, 37.0% have someone in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula ThoughtSeriously I TriedMight to Have Commit a Drinking Suicide Problem 7.57.50.4 80.680.6 GHB/Rohypnol in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula GHB/RohypnolEcstasy 0.20.22.1 that takes into account the following factors: Tried Unsuccessfullyelse’s to Stop ID, Using and have both types of ID. 80 thatBlood takes alcohol into contentaccount (BAC) the following measures factors: the percentage of alcohol TriedThought Unsuccessfully I Might Have to a Stop Drinking Using Problem7.4% 1.41.47.5 6060 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula 80.6 HallucinogensHallucinogensGHB/Rohypnol 3.23.20.2 • Gender Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, that • Gendertakes into account the following factors: TroubleTried Unsuccessfully with Police, Residence to Stop Using Hall, 1.4 Inhalants Percent 60 Inhalants 0.9 oror OtherOther University/CollegeUniversity/College AuthoritiesAuthorities 6.96.9 Percent Hallucinogens 0.9 •• CurrentCurrent bodybody weightweight 4040 3.2 • Gender Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, OpiatesOpiatesInhalants 0.20.2 •• AmountAmount ofof alcoholalcohol consumedconsumed (number(number ofof drinks)drinks) or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent 0.9 • Current body weight 40 •• TimeTime periodperiod ofof consumptionconsumption 2020 9.7 SedativesSedativesOpiates 0.50.5 • Amount of alcohol consumed (number of drinks) 9.7 8.58.5 0.2 •• ConcentrationConcentration ofof alcoholalcohol inin thethe beveragebeverage consumedconsumed 1.21.2 UseUse ofof atat LeastLeast OneOne ofof thethe AboveAbove ListedListed DrugsDrugs 7.5 • Time period of consumption 20 Sedatives 7.50.5 (based(based onon thethe alcoholalcohol contentcontent ofof oneone typicaltypical cancan ofof beerbeer 00 9.7 8.5 containing 4.5% alcohol) UseUse ofof AnotherAnother Person’sPerson’s ADHDADHD MedicationMedication 8.5 • containingConcentration 4.5% alcohol)of alcohol in the beverage consumed Yes,Yes, andand II havehave Yes,Yes, butbut1.2 II havehave No,No, butbut II planplan No,No, II havehave nono Use of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 8.57.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 used it not used it to get one intentions of used it not used it to get one intentions of UseUseUse of ofof Another AnotherAnother Person’s Person’sPerson’s Medication MedicationADHD Medication OtherOther ThanThan ADHDADHD 3.73.7 containing 4.5% alcohol) Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan obtainingobtainingNo, I have oneone no 8.5 used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 obtaining one

22 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Average Number of Alcohol-Related Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative Consequences* Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Gender AverageAll Students Number by Average of Number Alcohol-Related of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months and Current High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content Negative Consequences* All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months and Current Among all Winona State University students, All Students by Gender All Students by Gender All Students by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking All Students by Gender the rate for any marijuana use within the past 100 50 0.10 20 50 50.0 100 50 0.10 20 50 12 months is 34.6%, while the rate of current use 80 40 50.0 0.08 0.09 18.1 45.1 15 40 is 17.9%. Marijuana use rates are higher for males 81.8 79.1 83.5 0.08 0.08 16.3 80 40 0.08 0.09 18.1 40 45.1 83.5 73.2 30 15 60 81.8 79.1 70.7 0.06 0.08 0.08 16.3 30 34.6 than for females. 63.7 30.4 30.4 70.7 73.2 30 0.06 10 31.7

60 Percent

Percent 29.3 Percent 30 63.7 20 34.6 40 30.4 30.4 0.04 10 20 31.7 Average BAC Average Percent

Percent 29.3 Percent 40 20 0.04 Definition: Average Number of Average 5 20 10 BAC Average 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 10 Past 12-Month Marijuana Use

Average Number of Average 5 10 4.3 17.9 18.0 20 0.02 Consequences Negative 3.1 10 Any marijuana use within the past year. 0 0 0.00 0 4.3 3.1 0 Past 12 Months Current All Students Males Females All Students Males Females 5 or Fewer 6 or More Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current 0 0 0.00 0 Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers 0 All Students Males Females Definition: Past 12 MonthsAll Students Males CurrentFemales All Students Males Females 5 orper Fewer Week 6 peror More Week Non-High-Risk High-Risk Past 12 Months Current Drinks Drinks Drinkers Drinkers All Students Males Females Current Marijuana Use All Students Males Females per*The Week average numberper Weekof drinks is based on behavior in the past 30 days, All Students Males Females Any marijuana use within the past 30 days. high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks, and the *The average average number number of negativeof drinks isconsequences based on behavior is based in theon reported past 30 days, high-risk experiences drinking in the is basedpast 12 on months. behavior in the past two weeks, and the average number of negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group Current Alcohol Use High-Risk Drinking Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group All Students by Age Group 100 50 0.10 100 50 48.7 0.10 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— One in 18 (5.6%) WSU students report having 80 40 0.08 0.09 0.09 All Students Past 12 Months 88.3 48.7 High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences* Negative Consequences of Marijuana Use— All Students All Students driven a car within the past 12 months while under 80 88.3 75.0 40 39.3 0.08 0.09 0.09 Past 12 Months 60 30 0.06 0.07 All Students the influence of marijuana, 1.8% report missing 62.5 75.0 39.3 60 30 0.06 0.07 Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Percent Percent

Percent Percent a class due to marijuana use, and 2.2% report 62.5 25.8 Who Report 40 20 0.04 Percent Average BAC Average NegativeDriven a CarConsequence While Under Due the to Influence Alcohol Use 5.6Percent2.0 13.9 Experiencing Percent Percent thinking they might have a drug problem. 40 20 25.8 0.04 WhoWithin Report Past

20 10 BAC Average 0.02 DrivenGot into a Car an WhileArgument Under or theFight Influence 15.95.6 2.08.7 13.932.5 Negative Consequence Due to Marijuana Use Experiencing12 Months Within Past GotHave into Been an Argument Taken Advantage or Fight of Sexually 15.9 8.7 32.5 NegativeArrested forConsequence a DWI/DUI Due to Marijuana Use 12 Months0.2 Results 20 10 0.02 (Includes Males and Females) 3.4 1.4 7.9 0 0 0.00 Have Been Taken Advantage of Sexually ArrestedCriticized for bya DWI/DUISomeone I Know 0.25.0 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 18–20 21–22 23–24 (IncludesMissed aMales Class and Females) 17.13.4 1.48.1 37.77.9 0 0 0.00 CriticizedDamaged byProperty, Someone Pulled I Know Fire Alarm, etc. 5.00.0 18–20 Age21–22 Group 23–24 18–20 Age21–22 Group 23–24 18–20 Age21–22 Group 23–24 MissedPerformed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 17.112.7 8.16.4 37.727.2 DamagedDone Something Property, I LaterPulled Regretted Fire Alarm, etc. 0.01.6 Age Group Age Group Age Group Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project 12.7 6.4 27.2 Alcohol Use and Other Drug All Students Non-High-Risk Drinkers High-Risk Drinkers DoneDriven Something a Car While I Later Under Regretted the Influence 1.65.6 *High-riskAll Students drinking is basedNon-High-Risk on behavior in Drinkers the past two weeksHigh-Risk while Drinkersthe rate for DrivenGot Into a Car an WhileArgument Under or theFight Influence 5.60.8 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. *High-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks while the rate for GotGot Into Nauseated an Argument or Vomited or Fight 0.82.6 negative consequences is based on reported experiences in the past 12 months. GotHad Nauseated a Hangover or Vomited 2.62.0 HadHad a aHangover Memory Loss 2.02.4 HadHave a Memory Been Taken Loss Advantage of Sexually 2.40.0 Average Number of Drinks per Week— HaveHave Been Taken Taken Advantage Advantage of Another of Sexually Sexually 0.00.0 Past 30 Days AverageAll Students Number by Gender of Drinks per Week— Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— HaveHurt Taken or Injured Advantage of Another Sexually 0.00.6 Past 30 Days High-Risk Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Negative Consequences of Alcohol Use— Likelihood of Calling 911 in an HurtMissed or Injured a Class 0.61.8 8 Perceived vs. Actual All Students High-RiskAll Students Drinking Rates on Campus— Past 12 Months Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation MissedPerformed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 1.81.2 8.0 Perceived vs. Actual All Students LikelihoodAll Students of Calling 911 in an 8 Alcohol- or Drug-Related Situation PerformedSeriously ThoughtPoorly on About a Test Suicide or Important Project 1.20.2 All Students Percent 6 8.0 All Students Question asked: Who Report SeriouslySeriously Thought Tried to About Commit Suicide Suicide 0.20.0 ExperiencingPercent 6 In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Who Report SeriouslyThought Tried I Might to CommitHave a Drug Suicide Problem 0.02.2 Questionschool do asked:you think had five or more drinks at a sitting? Within Past Response Percent 4 In the past two weeks, what percentage of students at your Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use Experiencing12 Months (One drink = one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink Within Past ResponseVery Likely 68.9 Percent75.2 66.5 ThoughtTried Unsuccessfully I Might Have ato Drug Stop Problem Using 2.20.6 schoolcontaining do you 1 orthink 1.5 hadounces five ofor alcohol,more drinks a 12-ounce at a sitting? wine cooler, or 4 4.0 NegativeArrested forConsequence a DWI/DUI Due to Alcohol Use 12 Months0.4 3.6 (Onea 5-ounce drink = glass one ofshot wine.) of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink VerySomewhat Likely Likely 68.924.4 75.221.4 66.525.5 TriedTrouble Unsuccessfully with Police, to Residence Stop Using Hall, 0.6 containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 2 4.0 ArrestedCriticized for bya DWI/DUISomeone I Know 18.50.4 3.6 a 5-ounce glass of wine.) SomewhatSomewhat Likely Unlikely 24.44.4 21.41.7 25.55.4 Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, or Other University/College Authorities 0.4 Average Number of Drinks Average Students’ Perception Actual CriticizedDamaged byProperty, Someone Pulled I Know Fire Alarm, etc. 18.51.4 2 High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk SomewhatVery Unlikely Unlikely 4.42.3 1.71.7 5.42.6

Average Number of Drinks Average Drinking Status Students’by School Perception Peers DrinkingActual Rate DamagedDone Something Property, I LaterPulled Regretted Fire Alarm, etc. 23.21.4 0 High-Risk of High-Risk Drinking High-Risk Very Unlikely 2.3 1.7 2.6 All Students Males Females DrinkingAll Students Status by School47.5% Peers Drinking Rate DoneDriven Something a Car While I Later Under Regretted the Influence 23.25.6 All Students Students Who Students Who 0 Did Not Use Did Use All Students Males Females AllHigh-Risk Students Drinkers 47.5%52.1% 30.4% DrivenGot Into a Car an WhileAgrument Under or theFight Influence 15.95.6 All Students StudentsAlcohol WhoWithin StudentsAlcohol WhoWithin of All Students Didthe Not Past Use 30 Days Didthe Use Past 30 Days Got Nauseated or Vomited High-RiskNon-High-Risk Drinkers Drinkers 52.1%45.0% 30.4% Got Into an Agrument or Fight 15.942.9 Alcohol Within Alcohol Within of All Students the Past 30 Days the Past 30 Days GotHad Nauseated a Hangover or Vomited Non-High-Risk Drinkers 45.0% 42.953.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months All Students HadHad a aHangover Memory Loss 53.224.2 Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months HadHave a Memory Been Taken Loss Advantage of Sexually 24.23.4 All Students HaveHave Been Taken Taken Advantage Advantage of Another of Sexually Sexually 3.40.8 Percent Who Report HaveHurt Taken or Injured Advantage of Another Sexually 0.88.9 Fake ID Ownership PercentUse WhoWithin Report Past HurtMissed or Injured a Class 17.18.9 All Students under 21 Years of Age Blood Alcohol Content Fake ID Ownership Drug 12Use Months Results 23 MissedPerformed a Class Poorly on a Test or Important Project 17.112.7 All Students under 21 Years of Age Within Past Blood Alcohol Content DrugAmphetamines 12 Months0.5 PerformedSeriously ThoughtPoorly on About a Test Suicide or Important Project 12.72.6 100 AmphetaminesCocaine 0.53.9 SeriouslySeriously Thought Tried to About Commit Suicide Suicide 2.60.4 100 80 CocaineEcstasy 3.92.1 Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol SeriouslyThought Tried I Might to CommitHave a Drinking Suicide Problem 0.47.5 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula 80 80.6 EcstasyGHB/Rohypnol 2.10.2 Bloodthat takesalcohol into content account (BAC) the measuresfollowing factors:the percentage of alcohol ThoughtTried Unsuccessfully I Might Have ato Drinking Stop Using Problem 7.51.4 in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula 60 80.6 GHB/RohypnolHallucinogens 0.23.2 that •takes Gender into account the following factors: TriedTrouble Unsuccessfully with Police, to Residence Stop Using Hall, 1.4 60 Inhalants Percent Hallucinogens 3.20.9 or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 40 • •Gender Current body weight Trouble with Police, Residence Hall, InhalantsOpiates or Other University/College Authorities 6.9 Percent 0.90.2 • •Current Amount body of alcohol weight consumed (number of drinks) 40 20 OpiatesSedatives 0.5 • •Amount Time period of alcohol of consumption consumed (number of drinks) 9.7 8.5 0.2 • •Time Concentration period of consumption of alcohol in the beverage consumed 20 9.7 1.2 SedativesUse of at Least One of the Above Listed Drugs 0.57.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 8.5 • Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed 1.2 UseUse of of at Another Least One Person’s of the ADHDAbove Medication Listed Drugs containing 4.5% alcohol) Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No, I have no 7.58.5 (based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer 0 containing 4.5% alcohol) used it not used it to get one intentions of UseUse of of Another Another Person’s Person’s ADHD Medication Medication Other Than ADHD 8.53.7 Yes, and I have Yes, but I have No, but I plan No,obtaining I have noone used it not used it to get one intentions of Use of Another Person’s Medication Other Than ADHD 3.7 obtaining one All StudentsAll by Gender Alcohol Use—Past 12Months andCurrent All StudentsAll by Gender Past 30Days Averageof Drinks Number Week— per Average Number of Drinks Percent StudentsAll by Age Group Current Alcohol Use Percent 100 100 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 0 0 2 4 6 8 0 81.8 All Students 18–20 62.5 Past 12Months 4.0 79.1 All Students 83.5 Age Group 21–22 Males 88.3 8.0 Males 63.7 Current 70.7 Females Females 23–24 75.0 3.6 73.2 All StudentsAll by Gender High-Risk Drinking Blood Alcohol Content Percent StudentsAll by Age Group High-Risk Drinking All Students Perceived vs. Actual High-Risk DrinkingRates onCampus— Non-High-Risk DrinkersNon-High-Risk DrinkersHigh-Risk All Students

Drinking Status High-Risk Percent a 5-ounce glass of wine.) glassof a 5-ounce containing 1or1.5ouncesofalcohol, a12-ouncewinecooler, or alcohol,of (One drink=oneshot beer, a12-ounce amixed drink youdo school hadfivethink ormore drinks at asitting? In thepast two weeks, what percentage students of at your Question asked: containing 4.5%alcohol) (basedthealcohol on content onetypical of can ofbeer •Concentration ofalcohol inthebeverage consumed of consumption •Timeperiod •Amount alcohol of consumed drinks) of (number •Current weight body •Gender that takes into account thefollowing factors: in aperson’s blood.Thecalculation of BAC isbasedona formula Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage ofalcohol 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 0 0 All Students 18–20 30.4 25.8 of High-Risk Drinking Students’ Perception by School Peers Age Group 47.5% 45.0% 52.1% Males 21–22 50.0 48.7 Drinking Rate of AllStudents Females High-Risk 23–24 30.4 39.3 30.4% Actual

Average BAC All StudentsAll by Age Group Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content or OtherUniversity/College Authorities TroublePolice, with Residence Hall, Tried Unsuccessfully to StopUsing Thought IMight HaveProblem aDrinking Seriously Tried to Suicide Commit Seriously Thought Suicide About Performed Poorlya Test on orImportant Project Missed aClass Hurt orInjured Have Taken Advantage Sexually ofAnother Have Been Taken Advantage ofSexually Loss Had aMemory Had aHangover Got Nauseated orVomited Got Into anAgrument orFight Driven UndertheInfluence aCarWhile Done Something ILater Regretted Damaged Property, Fire Pulled Alarm, etc. Criticized by SomeoneI Know Arrested for aDWI/DUI All Students Past 12Months Negative ConsequencesofAlcohol Use— Negative ConsequenceDue to Alcohol Use Average BAC 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 All StudentsAll by Gender Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 All Students 18–20 0.07 0.08 Age Group 21–22 0.09 Males 0.09 23–24 0.09 Females Experiencing Who Report 0.08 Within Past 12 Months Percent 12.7 17.1 24.2 53.2 42.9 15.9 18.5 23.2 6.9 1.4 7.5 0.4 2.6 8.9 0.8 3.4 5.6 1.4 0.4

Average Number of negative basedon consequences is reported experiences inthepast 12months. behavior basedon is drinking *High-risk the pastin two weeks therate while for Performed Poorlya Test on orImportant Project aClass Missed (Includes MalesandFemales) Have Been Taken Advantage Sexually of Got into anArgument orFight Driven UndertheInfluence aCarWhile Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol Use All Students High-Risk DrinkingandSelected Consequences* All StudentsAll by Average NumberofDrinksHigh-Risk Drinking and Negative Consequences* Average NumberofAlcohol-Related All StudentsAll 21Years under Age of Fake IDOwnership All Students Alcohol-Drug-Related or Situation Likelihood ofCalling911inan Response Percent Very Unlikely Somewhat Unlikely Somewhat Likely Very Likely Negative Consequences 100 20 40 60 80 10 15 20 0 0 5 All Students

Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use Results Yes,I have and experiences thepast in 12months. average ofnegative number consequences isbasedon reported behavior basedon is drinking high-risk the pastin two weeks,the and *The average ofdrinks number behavior basedon is thepast in 30days, All Students 5 orFewer per Week used it Drinks 24 9.7 4.3 Health andHealth-Related Behaviors the past 12months at least oneoftheeight listed illicitdrugswithin person’s ADHDmedication, and Among WSU students, commonly usedillicitdrug( (other thanADHDmedication). Cocaine isthemost they usedanotherperson’s prescription medication Yes, Ihave but Non-High-Risk Drinkers not used it not 6 orMore per Week Drinks 18.1 the Past 30Days Alcohol Within Not UseDid Students Who 1.2 24.4 68.9 2.3 4.4 Non-High-Risk No, Iplan but to get one 8.5% Drinkers 8.5 3.1 7.5% Percent 21.4 75.2 report usinganother 1.7 1.7 the Past 30Days Alcohol Within Did Use Students Who 12.7 17.1 15.9 3.9% report having used 3.4 5.6 High-Risk Drinkers obtaining one Percent No, Ihave no 3.7% intentions of ). High-Risk 8.1 1.4 8.7 2.0 6.4 Drinkers 80.6 16.3 WinonaState University Students 25.5 66.5 indicate that 2.6 5.4 37.7 32.5 13.9 27.2 7.9 or OtherUniversity/College Authorities TroublePolice, with Residence Hall, Tried Unsuccessfully to StopUsing Thought IMight Have aDrugProblem Seriously Tried to Suicide Commit Seriously Thought Suicide About Performed Poorlya Test on orImportant Project Missed aClass Hurt orInjured Have Taken Advantage Sexually ofAnother Have Been Taken Advantage ofSexually Loss Had aMemory Had aHangover Got Nauseated orVomited Got Into anArgument orFight Driven UndertheInfluence aCarWhile Done Something ILater Regretted Damaged Property, Fire Pulled Alarm, etc. Criticized by SomeoneI Know Arrested for aDWI/DUI Use of Another Person’s Another Use of Medication Other ThanADHD Person’s Another Use of Medication ADHD atUse of Least OneoftheAbove Listed Drugs Sedatives Opiates Inhalants Hallucinogens GHB/Rohypnol Ecstasy Cocaine Amphetamines All Students Past 12Months Negative ConsequencesofMarijuanaUse— Negative ConsequenceDue to MarijuanaUse All Students Selected DrugUse—Past 12Months Drug Percent StudentsAll by Gender Marijuana Use—Past 12Months and Current 10 20 30 40 50 0 34.6 Past 12Months 45.1 All Students 31.7 Males 17.9 Current 29.3 Females Experiencing Who Report Who Report Within Past Within Past 12 Months 12 Months Percent Percent 18.0 Use 0.4 0.6 2.2 0.0 0.2 1.2 1.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.0 2.6 0.8 5.6 0.0 5.0 0.2 1.6 3.7 8.5 7.5 0.5 0.2 0.9 3.2 2.1 3.9 0.5 0.2 Results Personal Safety and Financial Health 25 Though many efforts are made to reduce violence and victimization on campus, these unfortunate unfortunate these campus, on reduce violence and victimization to made are efforts Though many States one in 67 (1.5%) men in the United women and (19.1%) Nearly one in five occur. still events estimates et al, 2017). Based on (Smith rape in their lifetime attempted rape or of been victims have rape attempted rape or experience women 20.0% of American of Justice, Institute the National by was not the victimization state victims than one in nine (12.0%) student and more while in college, prevalent is a more harassment 2014). Sexual and Langton, (Sinozich report enough to important form of sexual experienced some have they that with 62% reporting students, college for occurrence 2006). and Silva, (Hill harassment the of Education, Department the U.S. to According of concern. Financial health is another area is students for full-time room, and board) fees, (including tuition, of attendance cost total average institutions, and $10,091 non-profit private four-year at $44,702 public institutions, four-year $19,488 at and scholarship grant of amount average (USDE, 2017). In 2015–2016, the public institutions two-year at four-year at $20,920 public institutions, four-year at was $7,190 students full-time first-year, aid for three (USDE, 2017). About institutions public two-year at and $5,080 institutions, non-profit private nonprofit attending a institution, 66.7% public a four-year attending students (61.6%) first-year in five through a school money borrowed public institution a two-year school, and 27.5% attending private loan (USDE, 2015). carry credit ten in while three cards, carry debit (77%) students undergraduate in five Nearly four cards off all pay students (62%) undergraduate in five than three (30%) (Sallie Mae, 2013). More cards is $499 student balance per undergraduate card credit (Sallie Mae, 2013). The average each month in some type report participating students college (41.9%) of than two-fifths (Sallie Mae, 2013). More et al, 2003). year (LaBrie school activity during the previous of gambling National Comparison National The health of students and their subsequent success in academic life depends on a multitude of depends life success in academic subsequent and their The health of students sources natural finances are and personal the individual. Safety to and extrinsic both intrinsic factors, the opportunity students offers campus A safe personnel. and college parents, students, for of concern well-being. or emotional their physical to threats from free learning in an environment pursue to becomes environment safe a of creating the challenge diverse, more become populations As college academic success. This section their affect finances also to decisions related Students’ complex. more and financial health. safety of personal on the areas concentrates Personal Safety Personal Health and Financial Results Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment All Students by Gender More than one in three (35.5%) female students Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit Card Debt and Class Status AllSexual Students assault by Genderis defined as answering yes to at least one of the Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime All Students by Gender All Students at Winona State University indicate that they following two questions: Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment Percent AllStudents Students were by Genderasked to indicate whether they experienced any of the have experienced a sexual assault within their Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response Physical10 Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate8 Firearm Access Domestic options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit6 Card Debt and Class Status Sexual •assault Experienced is defined actual as oranswering attempted yes sexualto at least intercourse one of the All Students by Gender All Students lifetime, with 13.9% experiencing an assault within following without two questions: your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Reason for Discrimination Percent college/university; occurred by someone not at my college/university. 8 45.8% Reported the WhoPercent Reported Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the 8.8 6 5 5.4 the past 12 months. Male students at the university Within • Experienced your lifetime actual or orduring attempted the past sexual12 months, touching have you: 54.2% Violence to* AmongAssault typesStudents of sexual were harassmentable to select provided all response in the options table. Student that applied. response 10 8 6.6 Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 without your consent or against your will? 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse Campus Authority Domestic5.3 options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a 6 4 have experienced lower sexual assault rates, at Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Ancestry or National Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 40 without your consent or against your will? 4 Reason for Discrimination Percent 4.0

8 Percent 45.8% ReportedFamily the Who Reported57.9 college/university;Type of Harassment occurred by someone not at my college/university.Percent 8.8 Education/Income Level 5 8.3% within their lifetime and 2.4% within the • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. Percent 6 6.6 16.7 6.6 20.2 3 5.4 4 Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 Percent without your consent or against your will? Friend or Gender past 12 months. CampusIntimate Authority Partner 89.55.3 Someone told sexual joke/story 42.3 44.4 41.1 6 4.1 55.4 23.0 65.3 4 30 35.5 2 2.9 Ancestry or National Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 2 40 Someone attempted to draw you into a 4 Height 22.6 16.4 25.6 4.0 30.5 FamilyHealth Care Provider 57.918.4 Type of Harassment Percent 2 Percent Education/Income Level Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 31 4 2.1 Percent Friend or 1.5 HIV Status 0.3 0.0 0.4 Police 0.0 SomeoneSomeone told made sexual offensive joke/story comments about 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 Gender 55.4 23.0 65.3 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 35.5 Intimate Partner 89.5 0 0 Physical Disability 2 Percent 30 your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2 2.9Have Immediate Access to Firearms 2.8 0.0 3.3 0 Someone Else 15.8 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 All Students Males Females Height 22.6 16.4 25.6 30.5 Health Care Provider 18.4 discussionSomeone ofused sexual body matters language of a sexual nature 40.524.7 45.619.1 38.325.6 Race 13.0 23.0 11.6 1 2 3 4 5+ 2.1 1.5 HIV Status 0.3 0.0 0.4 1 10 13.9 Police 0.0 All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence SomeoneSomeone made attempted offensive to commentsestablish a about Religion 7.4 4.9 8.3 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 0 0 Physical Disability Percent 2.4 Someone Else yoursexual appearance relationship 38.329.1 29.220.2 39.630.7 Have Immediate Access to Firearms 2.8 0.0 3.3 0 8.3 Did Not Report Domestic Violence 15.8 All Students Males Females Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone used body language of a sexual nature Race 1 2 3 4 5+ 0 Someone continued to ask for dates 24.723.9 19.112.2 25.627.1 13.0 23.0 11.6 or Professional Program* 10 13.9 All Students Males Females Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Number of Years Enrolled Within Lifetime 12.2Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reportedReported incident Domestic to individuals Violence in more than one category. SomeoneSomeone attempted touched you to inestablish a way that a made Religion 7.4 4.9 8.3 *Insufficient data. 8.3 2.4 sexualyou feel relationship uncomfortable 29.125.7 20.212.4 30.728.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 All Students Males Females Did Not Report Domestic Violence Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, SomeoneSomeone continued appeared toto bribeask for you dates with a 23.9 12.2 27.1 Other Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.4 31.1 29.3 or Professional Program* 0 reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 youSomeone feel uncomfortable made you feel threatened 25.7 12.4 28.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 *Insufficient data. All Students Males Females through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 Someone appeared to bribe you with a Other Aspect of PhysicalAll Students Appearance Males Females29.4 31.1 29.3 rewardSomeone or special treated tickets you badly for refusing to 6.2 3.3 6.9 Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 have sex 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). Someone made you feel threatened Those with Immediate Access to Firearms throughSomeone retaliation referred to people of your gender 6.6 3.3 7.1 Student Loan Balance and Class Status in offensive terms 38.3 22.2 42.4 All Students Males Females All Students Someone treated you badly for refusing to Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime haveSomeone sex treated you “differently” because 13.7 5.6 15.8 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). of your gender 33.0 14.4 37.5 Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Student Loan Balance and Class Status Someone referred to people of your gender 76.9 76.9 100 inSomeone offensive made terms offensive sexist remarks 38.338.9 22.221.1 42.444.0 All Students Of WSU students who indicate they have Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 60 Depression60 Diagnosis—Lifetime Someone treated you “differently” because 80 80 91.2 Sexual Assault Victims All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Someone acted condescendingly to you 61.5 experienced a sexual assault within their lifetime ofbecause your gender of your gender 33.029.5 14.411.1 37.534.4 76.9 76.9 100 50 SomeoneAny Experience made offensive of Sexual sexist Harassment remarks 38.974.7 21.165.2 44.077.2 (30.5%), nearly one-half (48.8%) state that they 52.0 40 60 Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Percent 60 91.2 Sexual Assault Victims 6040 46.4 Someone acted condescendingly to you 38.5 61.5 80 reported the incident. Of these students, because of your gender Percent 22.6% Percent All Students Males Females29.5 11.1 34.4 40 Among 50 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 20 reported it to a health care provider, 11.3% Sexual 30 52.0 40 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months 60 Percent Assault Victims Percent All Students 31.8 40 46.4 38.5 20 reported it to the police, and 9.7% reported it to a Percent 48.8% Reported the WhoPercent Reported 20 All Students Males Females 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 40 2.2 19.5 campus authority. Among 20 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 Sexual 3010 7.7 Transportation100 Safety—Past 12 Months 0 Campus Authority 9.7 Percent All Students Assault Victims 13.1 8.8 8.4 20 1 2 3 31.84 5+ Results 48.8% ReportedFamily the Who Reported37.1 20 8.8 Number 24.0of Years Enrolled 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 0 80 62.2 2.2 19.5 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 19.2 1.6 0 10 Within Lifetime Within Lifetime 100 CampusIntimate Authority Partner 82.39.7 Have Not13.1 Experienced 8.8 8.4 1Undergraduate 2 3 Master’s,4 Graduate, 5+ Sexual Assault/ 60 or Professional Program* FamilyHealth Care Provider 37.122.6 Domestic Violence 8.8 Number of Years Enrolled 0 80 63.2 62.2 FriendPolice or 11.3 Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— Percent 19.2 *Insufficient data. Intimate Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime 40 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone Else 16.1 Sexual Assault/ 60 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 63.2 20 27.8

All Students by Gender Percent *Insufficient data. ReportedPolice Sexual Assault 11.3 40 Did Not ReportSomeone Sexual Else Assault 16.1 Bullying—Lifetime 0 All Students by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 20 Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use All Students by Gender While27.8 Driving *Students may have reportedReported incident Sexual to individuals Assault in more than one category. Percent Did Not Report Sexual Assault Bullying—Lifetime60 0 Always Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by All Students by Gender Bicycle Helmet Use Most ofTexting, the Time Emailing, or Internet Use a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my While Driving Personal Safety and Financial Health Safety Personal *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Perpetrator—Past 12 Months 50 56.5 56.9 All Students by Gender Type of Harassment college/university college/universityPercent college/university 51.7 Sometimes 60 Always Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past4 12 Months Someone attempted to draw you into a a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 50 56.5 56.9 Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university 30 Sometimes All Students by Gender discussion of sexual matters 33.8 41.1 31.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 11.9 6.7 13.1 Percent 51.7 SomeoneSomeone told made sexual offensive joke/story comments about 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never 3 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 20 24.2 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 3.0 30 discussionSomeone ofused sexual body matters language of a sexual nature 33.816.6 41.114.6 31.817.0 1.11.1 1.12.2 0.90.0 11.910.7 6.73.4 13.112.8 Percent 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Someone made offensive comments about 11.5 All Students by Gender 2 Someone attempted to establish a 20 Percent 3 2.1 3.4 yoursexual appearance relationship 24.718.9 20.214.6 25.619.7 1.40.9 2.23.4 0.60.0 20.013.4 10.13.4 22.016.1 0 24.2 3.0 Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 SomeoneSomeone used continued body language to ask for of datesa sexual nature 16.617.3 14.610.0 17.019.3 1.10.2 2.21.1 0.00.0 10.78.2 3.41.1 12.810.1 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months 1 All Students Males Females11.5 Current Credit Card Debt AllDomestic Students violenceby Gender is defined as answering yes to at least one of 2 1.2 1.2 SomeoneSomeone attempted touched you to inestablish a way that a made the following two questions: Percent 2.1 sexualyou feel relationship uncomfortable 18.915.3 14.610.1 19.717.0 0.90.2 3.41.1 0.00.0 13.413.0 3.42.2 16.115.2 0 All Students Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 SomeoneSomeone continued appeared toto bribeask for you dates with a 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 4.6% 1 Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 All Students Males Females Domestic • Been violence slapped, is definedkicked, oras pushedanswering by youryes to significant at least one of 1.2 1.2 Someone touched you in a way that made Current Credit Card Debt All Students 6.2% the following other twoor spouse/partner? questions: youSomeone feel uncomfortable made you feel threatened 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 15.0% 26 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 Within • Been your hurt lifetime by threats, or during “put-downs,” the past 12or yellingmonths, by have you: 0 Someone appeared to bribe you with a your significant other or spouse/partner? Sexual Assault Domestic Violence rewardSomeone or special treated tickets you badly for refusing to 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant have sex 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 other or spouse/partner? Someone made you feel threatened 15.0% 26.1%6.2% 25 All Students Males Females throughSomeone retaliation referred to people of your gender 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 55.6% • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 29.4% 63.1% your significant other23.9 or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to 20 haveSomeone sex treated you “differently” because 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 25 20.5 of your gender 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 26.1% Someone referred to people of your gender 55.6% 63.1% inSomeone offensive made terms offensive sexist remarks 27.126.8 18.920.0 29.329.2 4.34.8 2.22.2 5.15.7 21.923.0 6.74.4 26.028.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 29.4% 15 23.9 All Students by Gender 20 SomeoneSomeone treated acted condescendingly you “differently” to because you Credit Card Debt $1–$999 Percent 10 20.5 ofbecause your gender of your gender 21.117.7 13.38.9 23.220.2 5.04.1 3.32.2 5.44.5 18.417.9 2.22.2 22.322.3 No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 29.2 4.8 5.7 23.0 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 15 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 20.062.9 63.3 12.6 10.22.2 12.7 43.2 18.24.4 49.5 All Students by Gender Pay in Full Each Month 8.4 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent $3,000–$4,999 5 Someone acted condescendingly to you CreditDo Not Card Have Debt a Credit Card $1–$999 Percent $5,000 or More 10 because of your gender All Students17.7 Males8.9 20.2 Females4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 0.0 People Act as if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 0 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Pay in Full Each Month $3,000–$4,999 5 Within8.4 Lifetime 8.4Within Past 12 Months Type of Discrimination Percent Received Poorer Service Than Other People at Do Not Have a Credit Card All Students Males Females $5,000 or More All Students Males 0.0Females PeopleRestaurants Act as or if TheyStores Are Afraid of You 33.739.8 42.246.2 31.138.1 0 PeopleTreated Act with as ifLess They Courtesy Think You or RespectAre Not ThanSmart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Other People 70.9 69.2 71.4 Received Poorer Service Than Other People at All Students Males Females RestaurantsYou Are Threatened or Stores or Harassed 39.836.9 46.246.7 38.134.5 Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than Other People All Students Males Females70.9 69.2 71.4

YouNote: Are Items Threatened found in thisor Harassed table are based on an everyday 36.9discrimination46.7 34.5 measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). All Students Males Females

Note: Items found in this table are based on an everyday discrimination measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment All Students by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit Card Debt and Class Status Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the All Students by Gender All Students following two questions: Percent Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 8 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse Domestic options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a without your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Reason for Discrimination Percent college/university; occurred by someone not at my college/university. 8 45.8% Reported the Who Reported 8.8 6 5 5.4 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 6.6 Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 without your consent or against your will? Campus Authority 5.3 6 Ancestry or National Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 4 40 4 4.0 Family 57.9 Type of Harassment Percent Percent Education/Income Level Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 3

4 Percent Friend or Gender Intimate Partner 89.5 Someone told sexual joke/story 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 55.4 23.0 65.3 30 35.5 2 2.9 2 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 Height 22.6 16.4 25.6 30.5 Health Care Provider 18.4 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 2.1 1.5 HIV Status 0.3 0.0 0.4 1 Police 0.0 Someone made offensive comments about 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 0 0 Physical Disability Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.8 0.0 3.3 Someone Else 15.8 All Students Males Females Have Immediate Access to Firearms 0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 Race 13.0 23.0 11.6 1 2 3 4 5+ 10 13.9 All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence Someone attempted to establish a Religion 7.4 4.9 8.3 2.4 sexual relationship 29.1 20.2 30.7 8.3 Did Not Report Domestic Violence Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone continued to ask for dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 or Professional Program* 0 Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made you feel uncomfortable 25.7 12.4 28.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 *Insufficient data. All Students Males Females Someone appeared to bribe you with a Other Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.4 31.1 29.3 reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 Someone made you feel threatened through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 All Students Males Females Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Someone referred to people of your gender Student Loan Balance and Class Status in offensive terms 38.3 22.2 42.4 All Students Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Someone treated you “differently” because 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence of your gender 33.0 14.4 37.5 76.9 76.9 100 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 38.9 21.1 44.0 Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 60 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someone acted condescendingly to you 80 91.2 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 61.5 50 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 52.0 40 60 Percent 40 46.4 38.5 Percent All Students Males Females Percent 40 Among 20 Sexual 30 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months Percent All Students Assault Victims 20 31.8 48.8% Reported the Who Reported 20 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 2.2 19.5 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 10 100 0 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 1 2 3 4 5+ Family 37.1 8.8 Number of Years Enrolled 0 80 62.2 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— 19.2 Intimate Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Sexual Assault/ 60 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence 63.2

Percent *Insufficient data. Police 11.3 40 Someone Else 16.1 Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 20 All Students by Gender 27.8 Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault Bullying—Lifetime 0 All Students by Gender Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Percent 60 Always Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 50 56.5 56.9 All Students by Gender Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university 51.7 Sometimes Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 30 discussion of sexual matters 33.8 41.1 31.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 11.9 6.7 13.1 Percent Someone made offensive comments about 3 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 20 24.2 3.0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 16.6 14.6 17.0 1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7 3.4 12.8 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Nearly one in four (23.9%) female students at WSU, 11.5 All Students by Gender 2 Someone attempted to establish a Percent 2.1 sexual relationship 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 0 and more than one in 12 (8.4%) male students, Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 Someone continued to ask for dates 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 indicate that they1 have experienced domestic Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 Someone touched you in a way that made All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt the following two questions: violence within their lifetime. you feel uncomfortable 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 All Students Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 Someone appeared to bribe you with a Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone made you feel threatened 15.0% 6.2% All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 26.1% 25 Someone referred to people of your gender 55.6% in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 29.4% 63.1% 23.9 20 Someone treated you “differently” because 20.5 of your gender 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 29.2 4.8 5.7 23.0 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 15 20.0 2.2 4.4 All Students by Gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Credit Card Debt $1–$999 Percent 10 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 Pay in Full Each Month $3,000–$4,999 5 8.4 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent Do Not Have a Credit Card $5,000 or More 0.0 All Students Males Females People Act as if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 0 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Received Poorer Service Than Other People at Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Restaurants or Stores 39.8 46.2 38.1 All Students by Gender Domestic ViolenceAll Students ReportingMales by Victims—LifetimeFemales Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than All Students by Gender Other People 70.9 69.2 71.4 Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access All Students by Gender All Students by Gender DiscriminationYou Are Threatened orType/Reason—Lifetime Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5 Credit Card Debt and Class Status Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the All Students by Gender All Students Sexualfollowing Assault—Lifetime two questions: and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Percent Of WSU studentsStudents who indicate were asked that to they indicate have whether they experienced any of the All Students Males Females Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—LifetimeAmong types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 8 Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse Domestic experiencedAll domestic Studentsoptions by violencewere: Gender Not withinapplicable, their did lifetime not happen to me, occurred by a Note: Items found in this table are based on an everyday discrimination without your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access Reasonmeasure for (Sternthal Discrimination et al, 2011). Percent 45.8% Reported the Who Reported (20.5%), more thancollege/university; two-fifths (45.8% occurred) state by someone that not at my college/university. All Students8 by Gender 8.8 All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit 5Card Debt and Class Status Sexual assault • Experienced is defined actualas answering or attempted yes to atsexual least touching one of the 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 6 6.6 All Students by Gender All Students 5.4 following two questions: Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 without your consent or against your will? they reported the incident. Of these students, Campus Authority Percent5.3 Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the 6 Ancestry or National Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 4 Within40 your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 8 4 4.0 Family Domestic57.9 18.4% reportedoptionsType it to were:of a Harassmenthealth Not applicable, care provider, did not 0.0% happen to me, occurredPercent by a Percent Education/Income Level 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 3

Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my 4 Percent without your consent or against your will? Friend or reported it to the police, and 5.3% reported it to a ReasonGender for Discrimination Percent 45.8% ReportedIntimate the Partner Who Reported89.5 college/university;Someone told sexualoccurred joke/story by someone not at my college/university.42.3 44.4 41.1 8 4.1 8.8 55.4 23.0 65.3 5 •30 Experienced actual or attempted35.5 sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 6 2 2.9 6.6 2 5.4 campus authority. Age Height 45.8 23.0 52.5 without30.5 your consent or against your will? Health Care Provider 18.4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 22.6 16.4 25.6 Campus Authority 5.3 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 6 Ancestry or National Origin 4 1 Results 2.1 1.5 HIV Status 7.7 0.321.3 0.05.0 0.4 40 Police 0.0 4 0.0 0.0 4.0 20 Family 57.9 TypeSomeone of Harassment made offensive comments about Percent 0 Percent 0 Education/Income Level 0.9 Percent Physical Disability 16.7 6.6 20.2 3 Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.8 0.0 3.3 0 Someone Else 4 Have Immediate Access to Firearms Percent Friend or 15.8 All Students Males Females Someone told sexual joke/story 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 GenderRace 55.4 23.0 65.3 1 2 3 4 5+ 35.5 Intimate Partner 89.5 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 2.9 13.0 23.0 11.6 2 30 2 All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 10 13.9 SomeoneSomeone attempted attempted to draw to establishyou into aa 2 HeightReligion 22.6 7.416.4 25.6 8.3 30.5 12.2 ReportedHealth Domestic Care Provider Violence 18.4 discussion of sexual matters 4.9 2.4 sexual relationship 40.529.145.6Personal Safety and Financial Health 20.238.330.7 2.1 1 8.3 1.5 HIV StatusSexual Orientation 0.3 5.90.0 6.60.4 4.5 Did NotPolice Report Domestic Violence 0.0 Someone made offensive comments about 0.0 0.9Undergraduate0.0 Master’s, Graduate, 20 0 Someone continued to ask for dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 0 0 Physical Disability or Professional Program* Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.8 0.0 3.3 Someone Else 15.8 All Students Males Females Have Immediate Access to Firearms Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made 1 2 3 4 5+ Someoneyou feel used uncomfortable body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 RaceWeight 13.030.023.031.111.631.0 *Insufficient data. 25.7 12.4 28.9 All Students Males Females 10 All Students Males Females13.9 Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence SomeoneSomeone attempted appeared to toestablish bribe you a with a ReligionOther Aspect of Physical Appearance 7.429.44.931.18.329.3 8.3 2.4 sexualreward relationship or special tickets 29.1 6.220.2 3.330.7 6.9 Did Not Report Domestic Violence SexualOther Orientation 5.912.46.618.04.510.7 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, 0 SomeoneSomeone continued made youto askfeel for threatened dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 or Professional Program* through retaliation Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made 6.6 3.3 7.1 All Students Males Females *Insufficient data. you feelSomeone uncomfortable treated you badly for refusing to 25.7 12.4 28.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 All Students Males Females have sex Someone appeared to bribe you with a 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm OtherNote: Aspect Items of found Physical in this Appearance table are adapted from Williams29.4 et 31.1al (1997).29.3 Those with Immediate Access to Firearms rewardSomeone or special referred tickets to people of your gender 6.2 3.3 6.9 Student Loan Balance and Class Status in offensive terms Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 All Students Someone made you feel threatened 38.3 22.2 42.4 Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Among WSUthrough students,Someone retaliation 52.0% treated of you those “differently” who report because 6.6 3.3 7.1 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence of your gender 33.0 14.4 37.5 All Students Males Females being victimsSomeone of sexual treated assault, you badlyand 46.4% for refusing of those to 76.9 76.9 100 haveSomeone sex made offensive sexist remarks 13.738.95.621.115.844.0 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). who report being victims of domestic violence, say Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Someone referred to people of your gender 60 Student Loan Balance and Class Status 91.2 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someone acted condescendingly to you 61.5 All Students80 they have beenin offensive becausediagnosed terms of your with gender depression within 38.329.522.211.142.434.4 Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime 50 SomeoneAny Experience treated you of “differently” Sexual Harassment because 74.7 65.2 77.2 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic52.0 Violence their lifetime.of your These gender rates are higher than the lifetime 33.0 14.4 37.5 40 60 Percent 100 40 46.4 76.9 76.9 38.5 depression rateSomeone (13.1% made) reported offensiveAll amongsexistStudents remarks WSU Males 38.9Females21.1 44.0 Percent Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Percent 60 40 Sexual Assault Victims Among 60 students whoSomeone have not acted experienced condescendingly sexual to assaultyou or 20 80 91.2 Sexual 30 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 61.5 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months Percent All Students Assault Victims 20 31.8 Reported the Who Reported 50 domestic violenceAny Experience within oftheir Sexual lifetime. Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 24.0 51.2% 48.8% 20 52.0 40 0 60 2.2 Assault to* Assault Percent 19.5 40 46.4 Handgun Rifle38.5 Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 0 10 All Students Males Females 100 Percent Campus Authority Percent9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 40 1 2 3 4 5+ Among 20 Transportation Safety—Past8.8 12 Months Family Sexual37.1 30 0 7.7 Number of Years Enrolled Assault Victims Percent All Students80 62.2 31.8 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— 19.2 20 48.8% ReportedIntimate the Partner Who Reported 20 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime Undergraduate24.0 Master’s, Graduate, 51.2% Assault to* Assault82.3 0 2.2 19.5 Sexual Assault/ Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 60 1.6 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 10 Domestic Violence Results 27 100 63.2 0 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 1 2 3 4 5+ Police 11.3 Percent *Insufficient data. Family 37.1 40 8.8 Number of Years Enrolled 0 80 62.2 Someone Else 16.1 Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— Friend or Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 19.2 Intimate Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime 20 27.8 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Sexual Assault/ All Students by Gender 60 or Professional Program* ReportedHealth Sexual Care Assault Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence 63.2 Bullying—Lifetime 0 Did NotPolice Report Sexual Assault 11.3 Percent *Insufficient data. All Students by Gender 40 Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use Someone Else 16.1 While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Percent Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 20 All Students by Gender 60 Always 27.8 Reported Sexual Assault Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my Bullying—Lifetime50 56.5 56.9 0 Did Not Report Sexual Assault Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university Sometimes All Students by Gender All Students by Gender 51.7 Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use 40 Never While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 Percent2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a Always 60 30 discussion of sexual matters Percent Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated33.8 41.1 by 31.8Perpetrated1.1 1.1 by 0.9Perpetrated11.9 6.7 by 13.1 Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 56.5 56.9 TypeSomeone of Harassment made offensive comments about college/university college/university 50 All Students3 by Gender 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6college/university1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 20 51.7 24.2 Sometimes 3.0 Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never Someone used body language of a sexual nature 16.6 14.6 17.0 1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7 3.4 12.8 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 11.5 2 Someone attempted to establish a 30

All Students by Gender Percent Percent 2.1 discussionsexual ofrelationship sexual matters 33.818.941.114.631.819.71.1 0.91.1 3.40.9 0.011.913.46.7 3.413.116.1 0 Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 SomeoneSomeone made continued offensive commentsto ask for dates about 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 20 3 1 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 24.2 Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 3.0 Someone touched you in a way that made All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt Someoneyou feel used uncomfortable body language of a sexual nature 16.615.314.610.117.017.01.1 0.22.2 1.10.0 0.010.713.03.4 2.212.815.2 10 14.8 All Students Domesticthe following Violence—Lifetime two questions: and Past 12 Months 11.5 All Students by Gender 2 0 SomeoneSomeone attempted appeared to toestablish bribe you a with a Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Percent sexual relationship 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 0 2.1 Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying Someone continued to ask for dates 6.2% other or spouse/partner? 1.6 Someone made you feel threatened 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 15.0% 1 through retaliation 1.2 All Students Males 1.2 Females Someone touched you in a way that made 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt Domestic •violence Been hurt is bydefined threats, as answering“put-downs,” yes orto yellingat least by one of All Students the following your two significant questions: other or spouse/partner? you feelSomeone uncomfortable treated you badly for refusing to 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 have sex Someone appeared to bribe you with a 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 26.1% 25 Sexual Assault Domestic Violence rewardSomeone or special referred tickets to people of your gender 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 55.6% 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 29.4% 63.1% other or spouse/partner?23.9 Someone made you feel threatened 15.0% 6.2% 20 All Students Males Females throughSomeone retaliation treated you “differently” because 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by of your gender 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 your significant20.5 other or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to haveSomeone sex made offensive sexist remarks 7.126.83.3 7.829.20.2 4.81.1 0.0 5.77.523.01.1 9.628.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 15 20.0 2.2 4.4 All Students by Gender 25 Someone referred to people of your gender 26.1% Someone acted condescendingly to you 55.6%Credit Card29.4% Debt $1–$99963.1% Percent in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 10 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 23.9 No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 20 SomeoneAny Experience treated you of “differently” Sexual Harassment because 10.0 of your gender 21.163.213.362.923.263.35.012.63.310.25.412.718.443.22.218.222.349.5 Pay in Full Each Month 20.5 8.4 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent $3,000–$4,999 5 Do Not Have a Credit Card 15 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 20.0 29.2 4.8 2.2 5.7 23.0 4.4 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime $5,000 or More 0.0 All Students Males Females All StudentsPeople Act by Genderas if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 0 Someone acted condescendingly to you Credit Card Debt $1–$999 Percent 10 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 Received Poorer Service Than Other People at Pay in Full Each Month 8.4 All Students 8.4Males Females TypeRestaurants of Discrimination or Stores 39.8Percent46.2 38.1 $3,000–$4,999 5 Do Not Have a Credit Card All Students Males Females Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than $5,000 or More 0.0 PeopleOther Act Peopleas if They Are Afraid of You 33.770.942.269.231.171.4 0 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months You Are Threatened or Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5 Received Poorer Service Than Other People at All Students Males Females Restaurants or Stores All Students Males 39.8Females46.2 38.1 Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than OtherNote: People Items found in this table are based on an everyday70.9 discrimination69.2 71.4 measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). You Are Threatened or Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5

All Students Males Females

Note: Items found in this table are based on an everyday discrimination measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment All Students by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit Card Debt and Class Status Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the All Students by Gender All Students following two questions: Percent Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 8 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse Domestic options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a without your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Reason for Discrimination Percent college/university; occurred by someone not at my college/university. 8 45.8% Reported the Who Reported 8.8 6 5 5.4 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 6.6 Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 without your consent or against your will? Campus Authority 5.3 6 Ancestry or National Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 4 40 4 4.0 Family 57.9 Type of Harassment Percent Percent Education/Income Level Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 3

4 Percent Friend or Gender Intimate Partner 89.5 Someone told sexual joke/story 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 55.4 23.0 65.3 30 35.5 2 2.9 2 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 Height 22.6 16.4 25.6 30.5 Health Care Provider 18.4 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 2.1 1.5 HIV Status 0.3 0.0 0.4 1 Police 0.0 Someone made offensive comments about 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 0 0 Physical Disability Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.8 0.0 3.3 Someone Else 15.8 All Students Males Females Have Immediate Access to Firearms 0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 Race 13.0 23.0 11.6 1 2 3 4 5+ 10 13.9 All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence Someone attempted to establish a Religion 7.4 4.9 8.3 2.4 sexual relationship 29.1 20.2 30.7 8.3 Did Not Report Domestic Violence Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone continued to ask for dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 or Professional Program* 0 Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made you feel uncomfortable 25.7 12.4 28.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 *Insufficient data. All Students Males Females Someone appeared to bribe you with a Other Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.4 31.1 29.3 reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 Someone made you feel threatened through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 All Students Males Females Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Someone referred to people of your gender Student Loan Balance and Class Status in offensive terms 38.3 22.2 42.4 All Students Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Someone treated you “differently” because 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence of your gender 33.0 14.4 37.5 76.9 76.9 100 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 38.9 21.1 44.0 Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 60 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someone acted condescendingly to you 80 91.2 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 61.5 50 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 52.0 40 60 Percent 40 46.4 38.5 Percent All Students Males Females Percent 40 Among 20 Sexual 30 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months Percent All Students Assault Victims 20 31.8 48.8% Reported the Who Reported 20 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 2.2 19.5 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 10 100 0 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 1 2 3 4 5+ Family 37.1 8.8 Number of Years Enrolled 0 80 62.2 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— 19.2 Intimate Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Sexual Assault/ 60 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence 63.2

Percent *Insufficient data. Police 11.3 40 Someone Else 16.1 Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 20 All Students by Gender 27.8 Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault Bullying—Lifetime 0 All Students by Gender Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Percent 60 Always Among WSU students, 2.1% report being a Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 50 56.5 56.9 perpetrator of sexual assault within the past All Students by Gender Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university 51.7 Sometimes 12 months. More than one in 30 (3.4%) students at Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a the university report having been a perpetrator of 30 discussion of sexual matters 33.8 41.1 31.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 11.9 6.7 13.1 Percent domestic violence within that same time period. Someone made offensive comments about 3 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 20 24.2 3.0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 16.6 14.6 17.0 1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7 3.4 12.8 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—LifetimeFurther examination and Pastof data 12 shows Months that one in 11.5 All Students by Gender 2 Someone attempted to establish a 11 ( ) students at the university report either Percent 2.1 sexual relationship 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 0 9.1% Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 Someone continued to ask for dates 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 sexually assaulting or inflicting domestic violence on 1 Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 Someone touched you in a way that made All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt the following two questions:another person within their lifetime. Of these students, you feel uncomfortable 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 All Students Within your lifetime44.7% or during indicate the past that 12 theymonths, have have been you: a victim of a sexual 0 Someone appeared to bribe you with a Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked,assault or withinpushed theirby your lifetime. significant other or spouse/partner? Someone made you feel threatened 15.0% 6.2% All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 26.1% 25 Someone referred to people of your gender 55.6% in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 29.4% 63.1% 23.9 20 Someone treated you “differently” because 20.5 of your gender 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 29.2 4.8 5.7 23.0 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime All Students by Gender Domestic15 Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 20.0 2.2 4.4 All Students by Gender Domestic Violence VictimsOverall, nearly three in four students at Winona Sexual Harassment Someone acted condescendingly to you Credit Card Debt $1–$999 Percent All Students by Gender because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 10 State University report having experienced any sort Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit CardNo Credit Debt Card and Debt— Class Status $1,000–$2,999 Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the 10.0 Any Experience of SexualAll Harassment Students by Gender 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 Pay in Full Each Month of sexual harassment (74.7%). Sexual harassment All Students by Gender All Students $3,000–$4,999 following two questions: 5 8.4 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent Percent Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the Do Not Have a Credit Card $5,000 or More Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: is more commonly reported0.0 by femaleAmong than by types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 All Students Males Females 8 People Act as if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 Domestic options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse 0 male students at the university (77.2% vs. 65.2%, People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 without your consent or against your will? Within Lifetime Within Past 12Violence Months Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Reason for Discrimination Percent Reported the Who Reported college/university; occurred by someone not at my college/university. 8 45.8%respectively). The most common type of sexual 8.8 6 Received Poorer Service Than Other People at 5 5.4 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 6.6 Age Restaurants or Stores 45.839.823.046.252.538.1 without your consent or against your will? All Students Males Females harassmentCampus reported Authority was that someone5.3 told a sexual 6 AncestryTreated or National with Less CourtesyOrigin or Respect Than 7.7 21.3 5.0 4 40 4 Other People 70.9 69.2 71.4 4.0 joke/storyFamily (42.3%). 57.9 Type of Harassment Percent Percent Education/Income Level Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 3

4 You Are Threatened or Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5 Percent Friend or Gender Intimate Partner 89.5 Someone told sexual joke/story 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 55.4 23.0 65.3 30 35.5 2 2.9 2 Height All Students Males Females 30.5 Health Care Provider 18.4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 22.6 16.4 25.6 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 2.1 1 1.5 HIV StatusNote: Items found in this table are based on an everyday0.3 discrimination0.0 0.4 Police 0.0 Someone made offensive comments about 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 0 0 Physicalmeasure Disability (Sternthal et al, 2011). Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.8 0.0 3.3 Someone Else 15.8 All Students Males Females Have Immediate Access to Firearms 0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 Race 13.0 23.0 11.6 1 2 3 4 5+ 10 13.9 Results All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence Someone attempted to establish a Religion 7.4 4.9 8.3 2.4 sexual relationship 29.1 20.2 30.7 8.3 Did Not Report Domestic Violence Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone continued to ask for dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 or Professional Program* 0 Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made you feel uncomfortable 25.7 12.4 28.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 *Insufficient data. All Students Males Females Someone appeared to bribe you with a Other Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.4 31.1 29.3 reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 Someone made you feel threatened through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 All Students Males Females Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Someone referred to people of your gender Student Loan Balance and Class Status in offensive terms 38.3 22.2 42.4 All Students Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Someone treated you “differently” because 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Personal Safety and Financial Health Safety Personal of your gender 33.0 14.4 37.5 76.9 76.9 100 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 38.9 21.1 44.0 Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 60 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someone acted condescendingly to you 80 91.2 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 61.5 50 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 52.0 40 60 Percent 40 46.4 38.5 Percent All Students Males Females Percent 40 Among 20 Sexual 30 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months Percent All Students Assault Victims 20 31.8 48.8% Reported the Who Reported 20 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 2.2 19.5 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 10 100 0 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 1 2 3 4 5+ Family 37.1 8.8 Number of Years Enrolled 0 80 62.2 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— 19.2 Intimate Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Sexual Assault/ 60 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence28 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students 63.2

Percent *Insufficient data. Police 11.3 40 Someone Else 16.1 Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 20 All Students by Gender 27.8 Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault Bullying—Lifetime 0 All Students by Gender Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Percent 60 Always Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 50 56.5 56.9 All Students by Gender Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university 51.7 Sometimes Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 30 discussion of sexual matters 33.8 41.1 31.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 11.9 6.7 13.1 Percent Someone made offensive comments about 3 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 20 24.2 3.0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 16.6 14.6 17.0 1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7 3.4 12.8 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months 11.5 All Students by Gender 2 Someone attempted to establish a Percent 2.1 sexual relationship 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 0 Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 Someone continued to ask for dates 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 1 Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 Someone touched you in a way that made All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt the following two questions: you feel uncomfortable 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 All Students Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 Someone appeared to bribe you with a Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone made you feel threatened 15.0% 6.2% All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 26.1% 25 Someone referred to people of your gender 55.6% in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 29.4% 63.1% 23.9 20 Someone treated you “differently” because 20.5 of your gender 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 29.2 4.8 5.7 23.0 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 15 20.0 2.2 4.4 All Students by Gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Credit Card Debt $1–$999 Percent 10 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 Pay in Full Each Month $3,000–$4,999 5 8.4 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent Do Not Have a Credit Card $5,000 or More 0.0 All Students Males Females People Act as if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 0 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Received Poorer Service Than Other People at All Students Males Females Restaurants or Stores 39.8 46.2 38.1 Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than Other People 70.9 69.2 71.4 You Are Threatened or Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5

All Students Males Females

Note: Items found in this table are based on an everyday discrimination measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment All Students by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit Card Debt and Class Status Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the All Students by Gender All Students following two questions: Percent Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 8 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse Domestic options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a without your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Reason for Discrimination Percent college/university; occurred by someone not at my college/university. 8 45.8% Reported the Who Reported 8.8 6 5 5.4 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 6.6 Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 without your consent or against your will? Campus Authority 5.3 6 Ancestry or National Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 4 40 4 4.0 Family 57.9 Type of Harassment Percent Percent Education/Income Level Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 3

4 Percent Friend or Gender Intimate Partner 89.5 Someone told sexual joke/story 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 55.4 23.0 65.3 30 35.5 2 2.9 2 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 Height 22.6 16.4 25.6 30.5 Health Care Provider 18.4 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 2.1 1.5 HIV Status 0.3 0.0 0.4 1 Police 0.0 Someone made offensive comments about 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 0 0 Physical Disability Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.8 0.0 3.3 Someone Else 15.8 All Students Males Females Have Immediate Access to Firearms 0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 Race 13.0 23.0 11.6 1 2 3 4 5+ 10 13.9 All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence Someone attempted to establish a Religion 7.4 4.9 8.3 2.4 sexual relationship 29.1 20.2 30.7 8.3 Did Not Report Domestic Violence Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone continued to ask for dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 or Professional Program* 0 Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made you feel uncomfortable 25.7 12.4 28.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 *Insufficient data. All Students Males Females Someone appeared to bribe you with a Other Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.4 31.1 29.3 reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 Someone made you feel threatened through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 All Students Males Females Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Someone referred to people of your gender Student Loan Balance and Class Status in offensive terms 38.3 22.2 42.4 All Students Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Someone treated you “differently” because 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence of your gender 33.0 14.4 37.5 76.9 76.9 100 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 38.9 21.1 44.0 Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 60 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someone acted condescendingly to you 80 91.2 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 61.5 50 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 52.0 40 60 Percent 40 46.4 38.5 Percent All Students Males Females Percent 40 Among 20 Sexual 30 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months Percent All Students Assault Victims 20 31.8 48.8% Reported the Who Reported 20 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 2.2 19.5 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 10 100 0 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 1 2 3 4 5+ Family 37.1 8.8 Number of Years Enrolled 0 80 62.2 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— 19.2 Intimate Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Sexual Assault/ 60 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence 63.2

Percent *Insufficient data. Police 11.3 40 Someone Else 16.1 Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator Compared to male students 20 All Students by Gender 27.8 Reported Sexual Assault at WSU, female students Did Not Report Sexual Assault Bullying—Lifetime 0 were more likely to All Students by Gender Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Percent have experienced sexual harassment from a peer, from 60 Always Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my a faculty or staff member, 50 56.5 56.9 All Students by Gender Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university 51.7 Sometimes and from someone not at Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a school. Overall, the most 30 discussion of sexual matters 33.8 41.1 31.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 11.9 6.7 13.1 Percent common sexual harassment Someone made offensive comments about 3 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 experienced from a peer 20 24.2 3.0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 16.6 14.6 17.0 1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7 3.4 12.8 was someone tried to draw 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months 11.5 All Students by Gender 2 Someone attempted to establish a Percent 2.1 sexual relationship 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 the student into a discussion 0 Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 Someone continued to ask for dates 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 of sexual matters (33.8%), 1 Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 Someone touched you in a way that made the most common sexual All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt the following two questions: you feel uncomfortable 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 All Students harassment experienced from Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 Someone appeared to bribe you with a Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant a faculty or staff member other or spouse/partner? Someone made you feel threatened 15.0% 6.2% All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 was treating the student • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to differently because of their have sex 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 gender ( ), and the most 26.1% 25 Someone referred to people of your gender 5.0% 55.6% in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 29.4% 63.1% 23.9 common sexual harassment 20 Someone treated you “differently” because 20.5 of your gender 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 experienced from someone Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 29.2 4.8 5.7 23.0 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 15 20.0 2.2 4.4 not at school was someone All Students by Gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Credit Card Debt $1–$999

Percent made offensive sexist remarks 10 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 (23.0%). Pay in Full Each Month $3,000–$4,999 5 8.4 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent Do Not Have a Credit Card $5,000 or More 0.0 All Students Males Females People Act as if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 0 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months

Results Received Poorer Service Than Other People at All Students Males Females Restaurants or Stores 39.8 46.2 38.1 Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than Other People 70.9 69.2 71.4 Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months You Are Threatened or Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5

All Students by Gender Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Personal Safety and Financial Health Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment All Students Males Females All Students by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Male studentsImmediate at Winona Firearm State University Access All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—LifetimeNote: Items found in this table are based on an everyday discrimination Credit Card Debt and Class Status Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the All Students by Gendermeasure (Sternthal et al, 2011). All Students following two questions: are more likely to report having engaged Percent Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 in a physical fight8 over the past 12 months Domestic options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse compared to female students (8.8% vs. without your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Reason for Discrimination Percent Who Reported college/university; occurred by someone not at my college/university. 8 45.8% Reported the 8.8 2.1%, respectively).6 5 5.4 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 6.6 Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 without your consent or against your will? Campus Authority 5.3 6 Ancestry or National Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 4 40 4 4.0 Family 57.9 Type of Harassment Percent Percent Education/Income Level Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 3

4 Percent Friend or Gender Intimate Partner 89.5 Someone told sexual joke/story 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 55.4 23.0 65.3 30 35.5 2 2.9 2 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 Height 22.6 16.4 25.6 30.5 Health Care Provider 18.4 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 2.1 1.5 HIV Status 0.3 0.0 0.4 1 Police 0.0 Someone made offensive comments about 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 0 0 Physical Disability Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.8 0.0 3.3 Someone Else 15.8 All Students Males Females Have Immediate Access to Firearms 0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 Race 13.0 23.0 11.6 1 2 3 4 5+ 10 13.9 All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence Someone attempted to establish a Religion 7.4 4.9 8.3 2.4 sexual relationship 29.1 20.2 30.7 8.3 Did Not Report Domestic Violence Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone continued to ask for dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 or Professional Program* 0 Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made you feel uncomfortable 25.7 12.4 28.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 *Insufficient data. All Students Males Females Someone appeared to bribe you with a Other Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.4 31.1 29.3 reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 Someone made you feel threatened through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 All Students Males Females Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). Those with Immediate Access to FirearmsResults 29 Someone referred to people of your gender Student Loan Balance and Class Status in offensive terms 38.3 22.2 42.4 All Students Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Someone treated you “differently” because 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence of your gender 33.0 14.4 37.5 76.9 76.9 100 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 38.9 21.1 44.0 Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 60 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someone acted condescendingly to you 80 91.2 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 61.5 50 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 52.0 40 60 Percent 40 46.4 38.5 Percent All Students Males Females Percent 40 Among 20 Sexual 30 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months Percent All Students Assault Victims 20 31.8 48.8% Reported the Who Reported 20 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 2.2 19.5 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 10 100 0 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 1 2 3 4 5+ Family 37.1 8.8 Number of Years Enrolled 0 80 62.2 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— 19.2 Intimate Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Sexual Assault/ 60 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence 63.2

Percent *Insufficient data. Police 11.3 40 Someone Else 16.1 Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 20 All Students by Gender 27.8 Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault Bullying—Lifetime 0 All Students by Gender Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Percent 60 Always Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 50 56.5 56.9 All Students by Gender Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university 51.7 Sometimes Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 30 discussion of sexual matters 33.8 41.1 31.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 11.9 6.7 13.1 Percent Someone made offensive comments about 3 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 20 24.2 3.0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 16.6 14.6 17.0 1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7 3.4 12.8 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months 11.5 All Students by Gender 2 Someone attempted to establish a Percent 2.1 sexual relationship 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 0 Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 Someone continued to ask for dates 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 1 Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 Someone touched you in a way that made All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt the following two questions: you feel uncomfortable 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 All Students Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 Someone appeared to bribe you with a Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone made you feel threatened 15.0% 6.2% All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 26.1% 25 Someone referred to people of your gender 55.6% in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 29.4% 63.1% 23.9 20 Someone treated you “differently” because 20.5 of your gender 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 29.2 4.8 5.7 23.0 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 15 20.0 2.2 4.4 All Students by Gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Credit Card Debt $1–$999 Percent 10 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 Pay in Full Each Month $3,000–$4,999 5 8.4 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent Do Not Have a Credit Card $5,000 or More 0.0 All Students Males Females People Act as if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 0 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Received Poorer Service Than Other People at All Students Males Females Restaurants or Stores 39.8 46.2 38.1 Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than Other People 70.9 69.2 71.4 You Are Threatened or Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5

All Students Males Females

Note: Items found in this table are based on an everyday discrimination measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Sexual Victims Assault Sexual AssaultReporting by Victims—Lifetime *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Percent *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Percent Sexual Victims Assault Sexual AssaultReporting by Victims—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12Months Sexual Victims Assault Sexual AssaultReporting by Victims—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12Months following two questions: Sexual assaultisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneofthe Percent the following two questions: Domestic violenceisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneof Percent Percent Percent StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12Months following two questions: Sexual assaultisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneofthe All StudentsAll by Gender Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12Months following two questions: Sexual assaultisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneofthe the following two questions: Domestic violenceisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneof the following two questions: Domestic violenceisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneof 51.2% 10 20 30 40 10 15 20 25 51.2% 51.2% 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 10 15 20 25 10 15 20 25 0 0 5 without your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexual touching your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexualintercourse yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: your significant otherorspouse/partner? •Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” oryelling by otherorspouse/partner? •Been slapped,kicked, by orpushed your significant yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12 months, have you: 0 0 0 5 0 5 without your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexual touching your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexualintercourse yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: without your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexual touching your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexualintercourse yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: your significant otherorspouse/partner? •Been hurtby threats, “put-downs,” oryelling by otherorspouse/partner? •Been slapped, kicked, by orpushed your significant yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: your significant otherorspouse/partner? •Been hurtby threats, “put-downs,” oryelling by otherorspouse/partner? •Been slapped,kicked, by orpushed your significant yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12 months, have you: 30.5 20.5 30.5 30.5 20.5 20.5 Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin 48.8% 48.8% 48.8% 8.3 8.4 8.3 8.3 All Students 8.4 8.4 All Students All Students All Students Did Not ReportDid Sexual Assault Reported Sexual Assault All Students All Students Did Not ReportDid Sexual Assault Reported Sexual Assault Did Not ReportDid Sexual Assault Reported Sexual Assault 35.5 23.9 35.5 35.5 23.9 23.9 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Assault to* Reported the Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Assault to* Reported the Assault to* Reported the Males Males Males Males Males Males Within PastWithin 12Months 12.2 Within PastWithin 12Months Within PastWithin 12Months 12.2 Within PastWithin 12Months 8.4 12.2 Within PastWithin 12Months Within PastWithin 12Months 8.4 8.4 2.4 0.0 Females 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 Females Females Females Assault Victims Females Females Who Reported Assault Victims Assault Victims Who Reported Who Reported Percent Assault Among Sexual Percent Percent Assault Assault Among Among Sexual Sexual 16.1 11.3 22.6 82.3 37.1 13.9 10.0 16.1 11.3 22.6 82.3 37.1 16.1 11.3 22.6 82.3 37.1 13.9 9.7 13.9 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.7

Percent StudentsAll by SexualAssault/Domestic Violence Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime All StudentsAll by SexualAssault/Domestic Violence Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Percent Percent StudentsAll by SexualAssault/Domestic Violence Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Perpetrator—Past 12Months Sexual AssaultandDomestic Violence Percent 10 20 30 40 50 60 All StudentsAll by Gender Perpetrator—Past 12Months Sexual AssaultandDomestic Violence All StudentsAll by Gender Perpetrator—Past 12Months Sexual AssaultandDomestic Violence 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Percent *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Percent Percent Sexual Victims Assault Sexual AssaultReporting by Victims—Lifetime Percent All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12Months following two questions: Sexual assaultisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneofthe 0 the following two questions: Domestic violenceisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneof 0 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Domestic Victims Violence Domestic Violence Reporting byVictims—Lifetime 51.2% 10 20 30 40 10 15 20 25 Have NotExperienced Domestic Victims Violence Domestic Violence Reporting byVictims—Lifetime Domestic Victims Violence Domestic Violence Reporting byVictims—Lifetime 0 1 2 3 4 0 0 5 Have NotExperienced without your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexual touching your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexualintercourse yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: your significant otherorspouse/partner? •Been hurtby threats, “put-downs,” oryelling by otherorspouse/partner? •Been slapped,kicked, by orpushed your significant yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: Have NotExperienced 0 1 2 3 4 54.2% 0 1 2 3 4 Domestic Violence 54.2% 54.2% Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Sexual Assault/ Students Who Sexual Assault/ Sexual Assault/ 30.5 20.5 Students Who Students Who Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin 13.1 2.1 48.8% 13.1 2.1 13.1 2.1 8.3 8.4 All Students All Students Did Not ReportDid Sexual Assault Reported Sexual Assault Sexual Assault Sexual Assault Sexual Assault 35.5 23.9 45.8% 1.2 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Assault to* Reported the 45.8% 45.8% All Students 1.2 1.2 All Students All Students Did Not ReportDid Domestic Violence Reported Domestic Violence Did Not ReportDid Domestic Violence Reported Domestic Violence Did Not ReportDid Domestic Violence Reported Domestic Violence Males Males Within PastWithin 12Months 12.2 Within PastWithin 12Months 8.4 Sexual Assault— Within LifetimeWithin Sexual Assault— Sexual Assault— 1.6 Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin 1.6 1.6 2.4 0.0 Females Females 52.0 Assault Victims Who Reported Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Violence to* Reported the 52.0 52.0 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Violence to* Reported the Violence to* Reported the Percent Assault Among Sexual 16.1 11.3 22.6 82.3 37.1 13.9 10.0 9.7 Males Males Males 3.4 3.4 3.4 Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Domestic Violence— Domestic Violence— Domestic Violence— Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin 1.2 Females 1.2 1.2 Females Females 46.4 All StudentsAll by SexualAssault/Domestic Violence Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime 46.4 46.4 Percent Violence Victims All StudentsAll by Gender Perpetrator—Past 12Months Sexual AssaultandDomestic Violence 10 20 30 40 50 60 Who Reported Violence Victims PercentViolence Victims 0 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Who Reported Who Reported Domestic Victims Violence Domestic Violence Reporting byVictims—Lifetime Have NotExperienced 0 1 2 3 4 Domestic 54.2% Domestic Violence Percent Domestic Domestic Assault Among Sexual Assault/ 3.0 Students Who Percent Percent 15.8 18.4 89.5 57.9 Assault Among Assault Among 3.0 3.0 15.8 18.4 89.5 57.9 15.8 18.4 89.5 57.9 0.0 5.3 13.1 2.1 0.0 5.3 0.0 5.3 Sexual Assault 45.8% 1.2 All Students Did Not ReportDid Domestic Violence Reported Domestic Violence Sexual Assault— Within LifetimeWithin 1.6 52.0 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Violence to* Reported the Males 3.4 Domestic Violence Domestic Violence— Within LifetimeWithin 1.2 Females 46.4 Violence Victims Who Reported Domestic Percent Assault Among 3.0 15.8 18.4 89.5 57.9 0.0 5.3 Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone made offensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator Type ofHarassment Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story Type ofHarassment Students were ableto selectresponse all options that applied. college/university; occurred by notat someone my college/university. peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my options were: Notapplicable, happen not did to me, occurred by a types ofsexual harassment provided the in table. Student response Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any ofthe All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to of your people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator Type ofHarassment Any Sexual Experience of Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator Type ofHarassment Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story Type ofHarassment Students were ableto selectresponse all options that applied. college/university; occurred by notat someone my college/university. peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my options were: Notapplicable, happen not did to me, occurred by a types ofsexual harassment provided the in table. Student response Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any ofthe Type ofHarassment All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment Students were ableto selectresponse all options that applied. college/university; occurred by notat someone my college/university. peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my options were: Notapplicable, happen not did to me, occurred by a types ofsexual harassment provided the in table. Student response Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any ofthe All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator Type ofHarassment Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story Type ofHarassment Students were ableto selectresponse all options that applied. college/university; occurred by notat someone my college/university. peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my options were: Notapplicable, happen not did to me, occurred by a types ofsexual harassment provided the in table. Student response Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any ofthe All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment All Students All Students All Students All Students Males Males Males Males All Students All Students All Students All Students Females 63.2 17.7 26.8 21.1 27.1 15.3 17.3 18.9 16.6 24.7 33.8 31.8 74.7 29.5 38.9 33.0 38.3 13.7 25.7 23.9 29.1 24.7 38.3 40.5 42.3 college/university 7.1 2.0 3.2 6.6 6.2 Perpetrated by a peerat my Females Percent Males 62.9 20.0 13.3 18.9 10.1 10.0 14.6 14.6 20.2 41.1 37.8 65.2 11.1 21.1 14.4 22.2 12.4 12.2 20.2 19.1 29.2 45.6 44.4 Females Females 63.2 17.7 26.8 21.1 27.1 15.3 17.3 18.9 16.6 24.7 33.8 31.8 74.7 29.5 38.9 33.0 38.3 13.7 25.7 23.9 29.1 8.9 3.3 1.1 24.7 3.3 5.6 3.3 38.3 40.5 42.3 3.3 college/university 63.2 17.7 26.8 21.1 27.1 15.3 17.3 18.9 16.6 63.2 17.7 26.8 21.1 27.1 15.3 17.3 18.9 16.6 24.7 33.8 31.8 74.7 29.5 38.9 33.0 38.3 13.7 25.7 23.9 29.1 24.7 33.8 31.8 24.7 74.7 29.5 38.9 33.0 38.3 13.7 25.7 23.9 29.1 24.7 38.3 40.5 42.3 38.3 40.5 42.3 college/university college/university 7.1 2.0 3.2 6.6 6.2 Perpetrated by 7.1 2.0 7.1 2.0 3.2 6.6 3.2 6.6 6.2 6.2 Perpetrated by Perpetrated by a peerat my 63.3 20.2 29.2 23.2 29.3 17.0 19.3 19.7 17.0 25.6 31.8 29.9 77.2 34.4 44.0 37.5 42.4 15.8 28.9 27.1 30.7 25.6 39.6 38.3 41.1 a peerat my 7.8 2.1 a peerat my 3.0 7.1 6.9 Percent Males Females Percent Percent Males Males 62.9 20.0 13.3 18.9 10.1 10.0 14.6 14.6 20.2 41.1 37.8 65.2 11.1 21.1 14.4 22.2 12.4 12.2 20.2 19.1 29.2 45.6 44.4 12.6 faculty/staff at my college/university 62.9 20.0 13.3 18.9 10.1 10.0 14.6 14.6 62.9 20.0 13.3 18.9 10.1 10.0 14.6 14.6 20.2 41.1 37.8 65.2 11.1 21.1 14.4 22.2 12.4 12.2 20.2 20.2 41.1 37.8 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 19.1 65.2 11.1 21.1 14.4 22.2 12.4 12.2 20.2 1.1 0.0 1.4 1.1 2.3 19.1 29.2 45.6 44.4 29.2 45.6 44.4 8.9 3.3 1.1 Perpetrated by 3.3 5.6 3.3 3.3 8.9 3.3 1.1 8.9 3.3 1.1 3.3 5.6 3.3 3.3 5.6 3.3 3.3 3.3 Percent 10.2 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 3.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.3 63.3 20.2 29.2 23.2 29.3 17.0 19.3 19.7 17.0 25.6 31.8 29.9 77.2 34.4 44.0 37.5 42.4 15.8 28.9 27.1 30.7 25.6 39.6 38.3 41.1 63.3 20.2 29.2 23.2 29.3 17.0 19.3 19.7 17.0 63.3 20.2 29.2 23.2 29.3 17.0 19.3 19.7 17.0 25.6 31.8 29.9 77.2 34.4 44.0 37.5 42.4 15.8 28.9 27.1 30.7 25.6 31.8 29.9 25.6 77.2 34.4 44.0 37.5 42.4 15.8 28.9 27.1 30.7 25.6 39.6 38.3 41.1 39.6 38.3 41.1 7.8 2.1 12.7 3.0 7.1 6.9 4.5 5.7 5.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 7.8 2.1 7.8 2.1 3.0 7.1 3.0 7.1 6.9 6.9 Females someone notat my 43.2 17.9 23.0 18.4 21.9 13.0 13.4 10.7 20.0 11.9 17.1 college/university Females Females 7.5 4.3 8.2 3.9 Perpetrated by 12.6 faculty/staff at my college/university 12.6 12.6 faculty/staff at my faculty/staff at my 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 college/university 1.1 college/university 0.0 1.4 1.1 2.3 Perpetrated by 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.1 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.0 1.1 1.4 1.1 2.3 0.0 1.4 1.1 2.3 18.2 10.1 Perpetrated by Perpetrated by 2.2 4.4 2.2 6.7 1.1 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.4 3.4 0.0 6.7 7.8 Percent Percent Percent 49.5 22.3 28.0 22.3 26.0 15.2 10.1 16.1 12.8 22.0 13.1 19.2 10.2 9.6 5.4 5.1 10.2 10.2 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 3.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.3 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 3.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 3.4 0.0 2.2 2.2 1.1 3.3 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.3 All StudentsAll by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12Months

12.7 Percent 12.7 12.7 10 4.5 5.7 5.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 0 2 4 6 8 4.5 5.7 5.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 5.7 5.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 All Students someone notat my 43.2 17.9 23.0 18.4 21.9 13.0 13.4 10.7 20.0 11.9 17.1 college/university someone notat my 43.2 17.9 23.0 18.4 21.9 13.0 13.4 someone notat my 10.7 43.2 17.9 23.0 18.4 21.9 13.0 13.4 10.7 20.0 11.9 17.1 20.0 11.9 17.1 4.1 college/university 7.5 4.3 8.2 college/university 3.9 Perpetrated by 7.5 4.3 8.2 7.5 4.3 8.2 3.9 3.9 Perpetrated by Perpetrated by 18.2 10.1 18.2 18.2 10.1 10.1 2.2 4.4 2.2 6.7 1.1 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.4 3.4 0.0 6.7 7.8 2.2 4.4 2.2 6.7 1.1 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.4 3.4 2.2 4.4 2.2 6.7 1.1 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.4 0.0 3.4 6.7 7.8 0.0 6.7 7.8 Males 8.8 49.5 22.3 28.0 22.3 26.0 15.2 10.1 16.1 12.8 22.0 13.1 19.2 49.5 22.3 28.0 22.3 26.0 15.2 10.1 16.1 12.8 49.5 22.3 28.0 22.3 26.0 15.2 10.1 16.1 12.8 22.0 13.1 19.2 22.0 13.1 19.2 9.6 5.4 5.1 9.6 5.4 9.6 5.4 5.1 5.1 Females All StudentsAll by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12Months

Percent 2.1 All StudentsAll by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12Months Percent Percent StudentsAll by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12Months 10 10 10 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 Personal Safety and Financial Health Results All Students All Students All Students 30 4.1 4.1 4.1 Health andHealth-Related Behaviors measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Note: Items found table this in arean everyday basedon discrimination YouAre Threatened orHarassed Other People Treated withLessCourtesy orRespect Than Restaurants orStores Received Poorer ThanOtherPeople Service at People Actas if They You Think Are NotSmart People Actas if They Are Afraidof You Type ofDiscrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Experience—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Immediate Firearm Access Percent StudentsAll by Gender Bullying—Lifetime Percent Percent ImmediateThose with Access to Firearms Firearm Access—Type ofFirearm sometimes orfrequently withintheirlifetime. More thanone-half( ( frequently withintheirlifetime. Nearlyonein four WSU report experiencing bullyingsometimes or nearly three infive female students ( female students ( female students ( having immediate accessto afirearm compared to Male students at WSU are more likely to report handguns andrifles( firearms, themost common typesoffirearms are Among WSU students withimmediate accessto have alicensefor concealed carry (CCWpermit). those withimmediate accessto firearms, 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 24.2% 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 adu ieAsutRfl htu Other Shotgun Rifle Assault Rifle Handgun 76.9 56.5 Experienced Bullying ) malestudents andmore thanoneinnine All Students 2.9 51.7 Have Immediate Accessto Firearms All Students All Students 76.9 Males 56.9 Males 8.8 Males 8.8 8.8 Males 11.5% 6.6% 38.5 6.6 Males Males 51.7% 76.9% 14.8 CarriedBullying Out vs. Females 61.5 ) report carrying outbullying 36.9 70.9 39.8 70.3 33.7 24.2 Females 1.5 Females 1.5% Percent ) ofmalestudents and each).Additionally, of 69.2 46.2 61.5 42.2 46.7 11.5 Females 7.7 71.4 38.1 73.3 31.1 Females 34.5 Females , respectively). 2.1 2.1 2.1 WinonaState University Students 56.9% 23.1% ) at Note: Items found table this in are adapted from et Williams al(1997). Other Other AspectofPhysicalAppearance Weight Color Skin Shade of Sexual Orientation Religion Race PhysicalDisability HIV Status Height Gender Education/Income Level Ancestry orNational Origin Age Reason for Discrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Percent All Students Transportation Safety—Past 12Months 100 20 40 60 80 All Students Current Credit Card Debt 0

Do Not HaveDo aCredit Card PayEachFull in Month No Credit CardDebt— Credit Card Debt 55.6% Bicycle Helmet Use All Students 63.2 19.2 15.0% 8.8 8.8 29.4% measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Note: Items found table this in arean everyday basedon discrimination YouAre Threatened orHarassed Other People Treated withLessCourtesy orRespect Than Restaurants orStores Received Poorer ThanOtherPeople Service at People ActasifThey You Think Are NotSmart People ActasifThey Are Afraidof You Type ofDiscrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Experience—Lifetime measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Note: Items found table this in arean everyday basedon discrimination YouAre Threatened orHarassed Other People Treated withLessCourtesy orRespect Than Restaurants orStores Received Poorer ThanOtherPeople Service at People ActasifThey You Think Are NotSmart People ActasifThey Are Afraidof You All StudentsAll by Gender Immediate Firearm Access measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Note: Items found table this in arean everyday basedon discrimination YouAre Threatened orHarassed Other People Treated withLessCourtesy orRespect Than Restaurants orStores Received Poorer ThanOtherPeople Service at People ActasifThey You Think Are NotSmart People Act asifThey Are Afraidof You All StudentsAll by Gender Bullying—Lifetime Type ofDiscrimination Type of Discrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Experience—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Experience—Lifetime Most theTime of Never Always Percent Percent Sometimes Those with ImmediateThose with Access to Firearms Firearm Access—Type ofFirearm All StudentsAll by Gender Immediate Firearm Access All StudentsAll by Gender Bullying—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Immediate Firearm Access Percent Percent StudentsAll by Gender Bullying—Lifetime Percent Percent Percent Those with ImmediateThose with Access to Firearms Firearm Access—Type ofFirearm Percent Percent ImmediateThose with Access to Firearms Firearm Access—Type ofFirearm Males 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 Texting, orInternet Emailing, Use 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 0 26.1%

adu ieAsutRfl htu Other Shotgun Rifle Assault Rifle Handgun adu ieAsutRfl htu Other Shotgun Rifle Assault Rifle Handgun 6.2% adu ieAsutRfl htu Other Shotgun Rifle Assault Rifle Handgun While Driving Females 76.9 $3,000–$4,999 $1,000–$2,999 $5,000 orMore $1–$999 12.4 29.4 30.0 13.0 22.6 55.4 16.7 45.8 4.6% 62.2 76.9 27.8 56.5 76.9 6.2 7.4 2.8 0.3 5.9 7.7 1.6 8.4 56.5 56.5 Experienced Bullying Experienced Bullying Experienced Bullying Percent 18.0 31.1 31.1 13.1 23.0 63.1% 16.4 23.0 21.3 23.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.6 All Students All Students All Students 10.7 29.3 31.0 11.6 25.6 65.3 20.2 52.5 5.0 8.3 3.3 0.4 2.9 4.5 5.0 51.7 2.9 2.9 51.7 51.7 Have Immediate Accessto Firearms All Students All Students Have Immediate Accessto Firearms Have Immediate Accessto Firearms All Students All Students All Students All Students 76.9 76.9 76.9 56.9 56.9 56.9 All Students Credit Card Debt andClassStatus Percent All Students Student LoanBalance andClassStatus Percent Males 100 38.5 Males Males 20 40 60 80 6.6 38.5 38.5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 6.6 6.6 *Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. 0.0 2.2 Males Males 2 1 2 1 Males Males Males Males 14.8 14.8 14.8 CarriedBullying Out Undergraduate Undergraduate CarriedBullying Out CarriedBullying Out 19.5 0.9 Number ofYears Enrolled Number ofYears Enrolled Females 61.5 Females Females 61.5 61.5 36.9 70.9 39.8 70.3 33.7 36.9 70.9 39.8 70.3 33.7 36.9 70.9 39.8 70.3 33.7 24.2 24.0 0.0 24.2 24.2 3 3 Females 1.5 Females Females 1.5 Females Females 1.5 Females Percent Percent Percent 69.2 46.2 61.5 42.2 46.7 69.2 46.2 61.5 42.2 46.7 69.2 46.2 61.5 42.2 46.7 or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, 31.8 5.4 5+ 4 5+ 4 11.5 11.5 11.5 7.7 7.7 7.7 71.4 38.1 73.3 31.1 34.5 71.4 38.1 73.3 31.1 71.4 38.1 73.3 31.1 34.5 91.2 34.5 4.0

Note: Items found table this in are adapted from et Williams al(1997). Other Other AspectofPhysicalAppearance Weight Color Skin Shade of Sexual Orientation Religion Race PhysicalDisability HIV Status Height Gender Education/Income Level Ancestry orNational Origin Age Reason for Discrimination

All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime

All Students Transportation Safety—Past 12Months

Note: Items found table this in are adapted from et Williams al(1997).

Ancestry orNational Origin Age Gender Education/Income Level HIV Status Height Race PhysicalDisability Sexual Orientation Religion Weight Color Skin Shade of Other Other AspectofPhysicalAppearance

Note: Items found table this in are adapted from et Williams al(1997).

Ancestry orNational Origin Age Gender Education/Income Level HIV Status Height Race PhysicalDisability Sexual Orientation Religion Weight Color Skin Shade of Other AspectofPhysicalAppearance Other

Reason for Discrimination Reason for Discrimination

All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime

Percent StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime All Students Transportation Safety—Past 12Months

All Students Transportation Safety—Past 12Months

Percent 100 Percent

100

100

80

60

40

20

All Students Current Credit Card Debt

80

60 20 40

All Students Current Credit Card Debt

80

60 20 40

All Students Current Credit Card Debt 0 0

0 Do Not HaveDo a Credit Card PayEachFull in Month No Credit CardDebt— Credit Card Debt 55.6% Do Not HaveDo aCredit Card PayEachFull in Month No Credit CardDebt— Credit Card Debt Do Not HaveDo aCredit Card PayEachFull in Month No Credit CardDebt— Credit Card Debt 55.6% 55.6% Bicycle Helmet Use Bicycle Helmet Use Bicycle Helmet Use All Students All Students All Students 63.2 19.2 63.2 19.2 63.2 19.2 15.0% 8.8 8.8 15.0% 15.0% 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 29.4% 29.4% 29.4% Most theTime of Never Always Sometimes Most theTime of Never Always Most theTime of Never Sometimes Always Sometimes Males Males Males Texting, orInternet Emailing, Use Texting, orInternet Emailing, Use Texting, orInternet Emailing, Use

26.1%

26.1% 26.1%

6.2% While Driving 6.2% 6.2% Females While Driving While Driving Females Females $3,000–$4,999 $1,000–$2,999 $5,000 orMore $1–$999 12.4 29.4 30.0 13.0 22.6 55.4 16.7 45.8 4.6% $3,000–$4,999 $1,000–$2,999 $3,000–$4,999 $1,000–$2,999 $5,000 orMore $1–$999 $5,000 orMore $1–$999 62.2 12.4 29.4 30.0 13.0 12.4 29.4 30.0 13.0 27.8 22.6 55.4 16.7 45.8 4.6% 22.6 55.4 16.7 45.8 4.6% 6.2 7.4 2.8 0.3 5.9 7.7 62.2 62.2 27.8 27.8 1.6 6.2 7.4 2.8 0.3 6.2 7.4 2.8 0.3 8.4 5.9 7.7 5.9 7.7 1.6 1.6 8.4 8.4 Percent Percent Percent 18.0 31.1 31.1 13.1 23.0 63.1% 16.4 23.0 21.3 23.0 18.0 31.1 31.1 13.1 23.0 18.0 31.1 31.1 13.1 23.0 63.1% 16.4 23.0 21.3 23.0 63.1% 16.4 23.0 21.3 23.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.6 4.9 0.0 0.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 10.7 29.3 31.0 11.6 25.6 65.3 20.2 52.5 10.7 29.3 31.0 11.6 10.7 29.3 31.0 11.6 25.6 65.3 20.2 52.5 25.6 65.3 20.2 52.5 5.0 8.3 3.3 0.4 4.5 5.0 5.0 8.3 3.3 0.4 5.0 8.3 3.3 0.4 4.5 5.0 4.5 5.0 All Students Credit Card Debt andClassStatus All Students Student LoanBalance andClassStatus Percent

Percent All Students Credit Card Debt andClassStatus All Students Credit Card Debt andClassStatus All Students Student LoanBalance andClassStatus All Students Student LoanBalance andClassStatus Percent Percent100 Percent Percent 100 100 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0 *Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 2.2 2.2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 Undergraduate Undergraduate Undergraduate Undergraduate Undergraduate Undergraduate 19.5 0.9 Number ofYears Enrolled 19.5 19.5 Number ofYears Enrolled 0.9 0.9 Number ofYears Enrolled Number ofYears Enrolled Number ofYears Enrolled Number ofYears Enrolled 24.0 0.0 24.0 24.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3 3 3 or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, 31.8 or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, 5.4 or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, 31.8 31.8 5.4 5.4 5+ 4 5+ 4 5+ 4 5+ 4 5+ 4 5+ 4 91.2 4.0 91.2 91.2 4.0 4.0 Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment All Students by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit Card Debt and Class Status Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the All Students by Gender All Students following two questions: Percent Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 8 6 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse Domestic options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a without your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Reason for Discrimination Percent college/university; occurred by someone not at my college/university. 8 45.8% Reported the Who Reported 8.8 6 5 5.4 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 6.6 Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 without your consent or against your will? Campus Authority 5.3 6 Ancestry or National Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 4 40 4 4.0 Family 57.9 Type of Harassment Percent Percent Education/Income Level Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 3

4 Percent Friend or Gender Intimate Partner 89.5 Someone told sexual joke/story 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 55.4 23.0 65.3 30 35.5 2 2.9 2 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 Height 22.6 16.4 25.6 30.5 Health Care Provider 18.4 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 2.1 1.5 HIV Status 0.3 0.0 0.4 1 Police 0.0 Someone made offensive comments about 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 0 0 Physical Disability Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.8 0.0 3.3 Someone Else 15.8 All Students Males Females Have Immediate Access to Firearms 0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 Race 13.0 23.0 11.6 1 2 3 4 5+ 10 13.9 All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence Someone attempted to establish a Religion 7.4 4.9 8.3 2.4 sexual relationship 29.1 20.2 30.7 8.3 Did Not Report Domestic Violence Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone continued to ask for dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 or Professional Program* 0 Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made you feel uncomfortable 25.7 12.4 28.9 Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 *Insufficient data. All Students Males Females Someone appeared to bribe you with a Other Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.4 31.1 29.3 reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 Someone made you feel threatened through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 All Students Males Females Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Someone referred to people of your gender Student Loan Balance and Class Status in offensive terms 38.3 22.2 42.4 All Students Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Someone treated you “differently” because 80 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence of your gender 33.0 14.4 37.5 76.9 76.9 100 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 38.9 21.1 44.0 Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 60 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someone acted condescendingly to you 80 91.2 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 61.5 50 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 52.0 40 60 Percent 40 46.4 38.5 Percent All Students Males Females Percent 40 Among 20 Sexual 30 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months Percent All Students Assault Victims 20 31.8 48.8% Reported the Who Reported 20 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 2.2 19.5 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 10 100 0 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 1 2 3 4 5+ Family 37.1 8.8 Number of Years Enrolled 0 80 62.2 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— 19.2 Intimate Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Sexual Assault/ 60 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence 63.2

Percent *Insufficient data. Police 11.3 40 Someone Else 16.1 Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 20 All Students by Gender 27.8 Reported Sexual Assault Did Not Report Sexual Assault Bullying—Lifetime 0 All Students by Gender Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Percent 60 Always Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 50 56.5 56.9 All Students by Gender Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university 51.7 Sometimes Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 40 Never 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 30 discussion of sexual matters 33.8 41.1 31.8 1.1 1.1 0.9 11.9 6.7 13.1 Percent Someone made offensive comments about 3 3.4 your appearance 24.7 20.2 25.6 1.4 2.2 0.6 20.0 10.1 22.0 20 24.2 3.0 Someone used body language of a sexual nature 16.6 14.6 17.0 1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7 3.4 12.8 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months 11.5 All Students by Gender 2 Someone attempted to establish a Percent 2.1 sexual relationship 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 0 Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 Someone continued to ask for dates 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 1 Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 Someone touched you in a way that made All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt the following two questions: you feel uncomfortable 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 All Students Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 Someone appeared to bribe you with a Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone made you feel threatened 15.0% 6.2% All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to have sex 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 26.1% 25 Someone referred to people of your gender 55.6% in offensive terms 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 29.4% 63.1% 23.9 20 Someone treated you “differently” because 20.5 of your gender 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 29.2 4.8 5.7 23.0 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime More than seven in ten (70.9%) WSU students 15 20.0 2.2 4.4 All Students by Gender Someone acted condescendingly to you report being treatedCredit with Card less Debt courtesy or respect $1–$999 Percent 10 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 than other peopleNo within Credit their Card lifetime,Debt— and more $1,000–$2,999 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 Pay in Full Each Month $3,000–$4,999 5 8.4 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent than one in three (36.9%) report being threatened Do Not Have a Credit Card $5,000 or More 0.0 All Students Males Females People Act as if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 or harassed. 0 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Received Poorer Service Than Other People at All Students Males Females Restaurants or Stores 39.8 46.2 38.1 Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than Other People 70.9 69.2 71.4 Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—Lifetime You Are Threatened or Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5 Domestic Violence Victims Sexual Harassment All Students by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access All Students Males Females All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Credit Card Debt and Class Status Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the Note:All Students Items found by Gender in this table are based on an everyday discrimination All Students following two questions: measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Percent Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any of the Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 8 Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12 Months 6 All Students • Experienced by Gender actual or attempted sexual intercourse Domestic Violence Reporting by Victims—LifetimeDomestic options were: Not applicable, did not happen to me, occurred by a without your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my Reason for Discrimination Percent Domestic Violence Victims college/university;Sexual Harassment occurred by someone not at my college/university. 8 45.8% Reported the Who Reported All Students by Gender 8.8 6 5 5.4 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. Physical Fight—Past 12 Months Immediate Firearm Access 6.6 Age 45.8 23.0 52.5 without your consent or against your will? All Students by Gender All Students by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime For male WSUCredit students, Card weight Debt and some Class aspect Status Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the Campus Authority 5.3 6 AncestryAll Students or National by Gender Origin 7.7 21.3 5.0 All Students4 following40 two questions: 4 of their physical appearance are the most common 4.0 Family Percent57.9 TypeStudents of Harassment were asked to indicate whether they experiencedPercent any of the Percent Education/Income Level Percent 16.7 6.6 20.2 3

Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 4 8 Percent Friend or Among types of sexual harassment provided in the table. Student response 10 reasons for discrimination within their lifetime. Domestic Someoneoptions toldwere: sexual Not applicable, joke/story did not happen to me,42.3 occurred44.4 by41.1 a 4.1 Gender 55.4 23.0 65.3 6 • Experienced actual 35.5or attempted sexual intercourse Intimate Partner 89.5 2.9 2 30 without your consent or against your will? Violence Victims peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my 2 Reason for Discrimination Percent For female students at the university, gender is the Reported the Who Reported Someonecollege/university; attempted occurred to draw by you someone into a not at my college/university. 28 Height 22.6 16.4 25.6 30.5 45.8% Health Care Provider 18.4 discussion of sexual matters 40.5 45.6 38.3 8.8 6 5 5.4 • Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching 54.2% Violence to* Assault Students were able to select all response options that applied. 2.1 6.6 1.5 HIVAge Status 45.80.3 23.00.0 52.50.4 most common reason1 for discrimination within without your consent or against your will? Police 0.0 Someone made offensive comments about 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 Campus Authority 5.3 06 0 PhysicalAncestry Disability or National Origin 4 Percent your appearance 38.3 29.2 39.6 2.87.7 21.30.0 3.35.0 their lifetime. 0 40 Someone Else 15.8 All Students Males Females 4 Have Immediate Access to Firearms 4.0 Family 57.9 Type of Harassment Percent Percent Education/Income Level 1 2 3 4 5+ Someone used body language of a sexual nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 Percent Race 13.016.7 23.06.6 11.620.2 3

4 All Students Males Females Percent 10 13.9 Friend or Gender Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported DomesticIntimate ViolencePartner 89.5 SomeoneSomeone attemptedtold sexual joke/storyto establish a 42.3 44.4 41.1 4.1 Religion 55.47.4 23.04.9 65.38.3 30 35.5 sexual relationship 29.1 20.2 30.7 2 2.9 2 8.3 2.4 Height 30.5 Did Not ReportHealth Domestic Care Provider Violence 18.4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 2 Sexual Orientation 22.65.9 16.46.6 25.64.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someonediscussion continued of sexual matters to ask for dates 23.940.5 12.245.6 27.138.3 or Professional Program* 0 2.1 1.5 ShadeHIV Status of Skin Color 6.20.3 13.10.0 5.00.4 1 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incidentPolice to individuals in more than one0.0 category. SomeoneSomeone touchedmade offensive you in a comments way that made about 0.0 0.9 0.0 20 0 0 Physical Disability *Insufficient data. Percent Someone Else 15.8 youyour feel appearance uncomfortable 25.738.3 12.429.2 28.939.6 Have Immediate Access to Firearms Weight 30.02.8 31.10.0 31.03.3 0 All Students Males Females All Students Males Females SomeoneSomeone appearedused body to language bribe you of with a sexual a nature 24.7 19.1 25.6 OtherRace Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.413.0 31.123.0 29.311.6 1 2 3 4 5+ 10 13.9 reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 All Students Males Females Number of Years Enrolled 12.2 Reported Domestic Violence Someone attempted to establish a OtherReligion 12.47.4 18.04.9 10.78.3 2.4 Someonesexual relationship made you feel threatened 29.1 20.2 30.7 8.3 Did Not Report Domestic Violence through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 Sexual Orientation 5.9 6.6 4.5 Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Someone continued to ask for dates 23.9 12.2 27.1 All Students Males Females or Professional Program*Results 0 Someone treated you badly for refusing to Shade of Skin Color 6.2 13.1 5.0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. Someone touched you in a way that made have sex 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). you feel uncomfortable 25.7 12.4 28.9 Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Weight 30.0 31.1 31.0 *Insufficient data. All Students Males Females Someone referred to people of your gender Student Loan Balance and Class Status inSomeone offensive appeared terms to bribe you with a 38.3 22.2 42.4 Other Aspect of Physical Appearance 29.4 31.1 29.3 All Students reward or special tickets 6.2 3.3 6.9 Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Someone treated you “differently” because 80 Other 12.4 18.0 10.7 Personal Safety and Financial Health All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence ofSomeone your gender made you feel threatened 33.0 14.4 37.5 through retaliation 6.6 3.3 7.1 76.9 76.9 100 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 38.9 21.1 44.0 All Students Males Females Someone treated you badly for refusing to Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime 60 91.2 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someonehave sex acted condescendingly to you 13.7 5.6 15.8 Firearm Access—Type of Firearm 61.5 Note: Items found in this table are adapted from Williams et al (1997). 80 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 Those with Immediate Access to Firearms Someone referred to people of your gender Student Loan Balance and Class Status 50 Anyin offensive Experience terms of Sexual Harassment 74.738.3 65.222.2 77.242.4 All Students 52.0 40 60 Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime Percent 40 46.4 Someone treated you “differently” because 80 38.5 All Students by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence of your gender 33.0 37.5 Percent Percent All Students Males Females 14.4 10040 Among 20 76.9 76.9 Sexual 30 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 38.9 21.1 44.0 7.7 Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months Among students at WSU who ride a bicycle, more than Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—LifetimeAssault Victims Percent 60 All Students 31.8 91.2 Sexual Assault Victims 60 Someone acted condescendingly to you three in five ( 2080 ) report never wearing a helmet 48.8% Reported the Who Reported 20 because of your gender 29.5 11.1 34.4 61.5 63.2% 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 2.2 19.5 50 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 74.7 65.2 77.2 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other 1.6 while riding in the past 12 months. During the same 10 52.0 40 100 600 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 Percent 8.8 8.4 1 2 3 4 5+ 40 46.4 38.5 period, more than seven in ten (72.2%) report texting, Family 37.1 All Students Males Females 8.8 Percent Number of Years Enrolled Percent 0 80 62.2 40 Among Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— 20 emailing, or using the internet sometimes, most of the Friend or Sexual 30 7.7 Transportation19.2 Safety—Past 12 Months Intimate Partner 82.3 Percent Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime All Students time, or always while driving.Undergraduate Master’s, Graduate, Assault Victims Sexual Assault/ 60 20 or31.8 Professional Program* 48.8% HealthReported Care the Provider Who22.6 Reported 20 Domestic Violence 63.2 24.0 51.2% Assault to* Assault 0 2.2 19.5 Police 11.3 Handgun Rifle Assault Rifle Shotgun Other Percent 1.6 *Insufficient data. 10 10040 0 Campus Authority 9.7 13.1 8.8 8.4 Additionally, more than1 one in 2six (17.4%3) WSU 4 5+ Someone Else 16.1 8.8 Family 37.1 0 Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator students report riding in a vehicleNumber during of Years the pastEnrolled 2080 27.862.2 Friend or Students Who Sexual Assault— Domestic Violence— All Students by Gender 19.2 Reported SexualIntimate Assault Partner 82.3 Have Not Experienced Within Lifetime Within Lifetime 12 months with a driver whoUndergraduate was impaired due toMaster’s, Graduate, Did Not Report Sexual Assault Sexual Assault/ Bullying—Lifetime 600 or Professional Program* Health Care Provider 22.6 Domestic Violence All Students by Gender Bicycle63.2 Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use alcohol consumption.

Percent While Driving *Insufficient data. *Students may have reported incidentPolice to individuals in more than one11.3 category. Percent 40 Someone Else 16.1 60 Always Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 20 Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months All Students by Gender a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 50 56.5 56.9 27.8 Reported Sexual Assault All Students by Gender Type of Harassment college/university college/university college/university 51.7 Sometimes Did Not Report Sexual Assault Someone told sexual joke/story 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 Bullying—Lifetime40 0 Never Results 31 All Students by Gender Bicycle Helmet Use Texting, Emailing, or Internet Use 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a While Driving *Students may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category. 30 discussion of sexual matters 33.8 41.1 31.8 1.1 Percent1.1 0.9 11.9 6.7 13.1 Percent 60 Always Someone made offensive comments about Sexual3 Assault and Domestic Violence3.4 your appearance 24.7Perpetrated20.2 25.6 by 1.4Perpetrated2.2 by0.6 20.0Perpetrated10.1 22.0 by 20 24.2 Most of the Time Perpetrator—Past 12 Months a peer at my faculty/staff at my someone not at my 56.5 56.9 3.0 Type of Harassment 50 All Students by Gender Someone used body language of a sexual nature 16.6college/university14.6 17.0 college/university1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7college/university3.4 12.8 10 51.7 14.8 Sometimes Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Someone told sexual joke/story 40 11.5 Never All Students by Gender 2 Someone attempted to establish a 31.8 37.8 29.9 2.3 3.3 2.1 17.1 7.8 19.2 Percent 2.1 sexual relationship 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 0 4 Someone attempted to draw you into a 30 Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying 1.6 Someonediscussion continued of sexual matters to ask for dates 17.333.8 10.041.1 19.331.8 0.21.1 1.11.1 0.00.9 11.98.2 1.16.7 10.113.1 Percent 1 All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 SomeoneSomeone touchedmade offensive you in a comments way that made about 20 the following two questions: 3 3.4 youyour feel appearance uncomfortable 15.324.7 10.120.2 17.025.6 0.21.4 1.12.2 0.00.6 13.020.0 10.12.2 15.222.0 24.2 All Students 3.0 Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 SomeoneSomeone appearedused body to language bribe you of with a sexual a nature 16.6 14.6 17.0 1.1 2.2 0.0 10.7 3.4 12.8 10 14.8 Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 11.5 4.6% All Students • Been byslapped, Gender kicked, or pushed by your significant 2 Someone attempted to establish a other or spouse/partner? Percent 2.1 Someonesexual relationship made you feel threatened 18.9 14.6 19.7 0.9 3.4 0.0 13.4 3.4 16.1 0 15.0% 6.2% All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 Experienced Bullying Carried Out Bullying • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by 1.6 Someone continued to ask for dates 17.3 10.0 19.3 0.2 1.1 0.0 8.2 1.1 10.1 your significant other or spouse/partner? 1 Someone treated you badly for refusing to Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of 1.2 1.2 haveSomeone sex touched you in a way that made 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 All Students Males Females Current Credit Card Debt you feel uncomfortable All Students the25 following two questions: 15.3 10.1 17.0 0.2 1.1 0.0 13.0 2.2 15.2 26.1% Someone referred to people of your gender 55.6% 29.4% 63.1% Within your lifetime or during the past 12 months, have you: 0 inSomeone offensive appeared terms to bribe you with a 27.1 18.9 29.3 4.3 2.2 5.1 21.9 6.7 26.0 23.9 Sexual Assault Domestic Violence reward or special tickets 3.2 3.3 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 5.1 4.6% 20 • Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant Someone treated you “differently” because other20.5 or spouse/partner? ofSomeone your gender made you feel threatened 21.1 13.3 23.2 5.0 3.3 5.4 18.4 2.2 22.3 15.0% 6.2% All Students Males Females through retaliation 2.0 1.1 2.1 0.5 2.2 0.0 4.3 0.0 5.4 15 • Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 20.0 29.2 4.8 2.2 5.7 23.0 4.4 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime your significant other or spouse/partner? Someone treated you badly for refusing to All Students by Gender Someonehave sex acted condescendingly to you 7.1 3.3 7.8 0.2 1.1 0.0 7.5 1.1 9.6 Credit Card Debt $1–$999 Percent 1025 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 26.1% Someone referred to people of your gender No55.6% Credit Card29.4% Debt— $1,000–$2,99963.1% 10.0 Anyin offensive Experience terms of Sexual Harassment 63.227.1 62.918.9 63.329.3 12.64.3 10.22.2 12.75.1 43.221.9 18.26.7 49.526.0 Pay in Full Each Month 8.4 23.9 8.4 Type of Discrimination Percent $3,000–$4,999 205 Someone treated you “differently” because Do Not Have a Credit Card of your gender 21.1 23.2 5.0 5.4 18.4 22.3 $5,000 or More 20.5 0.0 All Students Males13.3 Females 3.3 2.2 People Act as if They Are Afraid of You 33.7 42.2 31.1 Someone made offensive sexist remarks 26.8 20.0 29.2 4.8 2.2 5.7 23.0 4.4 28.0 Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 150 PeopleAll Students Act as by if TheyGender Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Someone acted condescendingly to you Credit Card Debt $1–$999 Percent Received Poorer Service Than Other People at 10 because of your gender 17.7 8.9 20.2 4.1 2.2 4.5 17.9 2.2 22.3 All Students Males Females Restaurants or Stores 39.8 46.2 38.1 No Credit Card Debt— $1,000–$2,999 10.0 Any Experience of Sexual Harassment 63.2 62.9 63.3 12.6 10.2 12.7 43.2 18.2 49.5 Treated with Less Courtesy or Respect Than Pay in Full Each Month $3,000–$4,999 5 8.4 8.4 OtherType ofPeople Discrimination 70.9 Percent69.2 71.4 Do Not Have a Credit Card $5,000 or More 0.0 All Students Males Females YouPeople Are ActThreatened as if They or Are Harassed Afraid of You 36.933.7 46.742.2 34.531.1 0 People Act as if They Think You Are Not Smart 70.3 61.5 73.3 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months All Students Males Females Received Poorer Service Than Other People at All Students Males Females Note:Restaurants Items found or Stores in this table are based on an everyday discrimination39.8 46.2 38.1 measureTreated (Sternthalwith Less et Courtesy al, 2011). or Respect Than Other People 70.9 69.2 71.4 You Are Threatened or Harassed 36.9 46.7 34.5

All Students Males Females

Note: Items found in this table are based on an everyday discrimination measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals than onecategory. *Students may have reported incident to in more individuals than one category. Sexual Victims Assault Sexual AssaultReporting by Victims—Lifetime Percent Sexual Victims Assault Sexual AssaultReporting by Victims—Lifetime PercentPercent All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12Months Percent following two questions: Sexual assaultisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneofthe All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12Months the following two questions: Domestic violenceisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneof All StudentsAll by Gender Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12Months following two questions: Sexual assaultisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneofthe the following two questions: Domestic violenceisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneof 51.2% 51.2% 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 10 15 20 25 10 15 20 25 0 0 0 5 0 5 without your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexual touching your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexualintercourse yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: your significant other orspouse/partner? •Been hurtby threats, “put-downs,” oryelling by otherorspouse/partner? •Been slapped,kicked, by orpushed your significant yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: without your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexual touching your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexualintercourse yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: your significant other orspouse/partner? •Been hurtby threats, “put-downs,” oryelling by otherorspouse/partner? •Been slapped,kicked, by orpushed your significant yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: 30.5 30.5 20.5 20.5 Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin 48.8% 48.8% 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 All Students All Students All Students All Students Did Not ReportDid Sexual Assault Reported Sexual Assault Did Not ReportDid Sexual Assault Reported Sexual Assault 35.5 35.5 23.9 23.9 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Assault to* Reported the Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Assault to* Reported the Males Males Males Males Within PastWithin 12Months 12.2 Within PastWithin 12Months 12.2 Within PastWithin 12Months Within PastWithin 12Months 8.4 8.4 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 Females Females Females Females Assault Victims Assault Victims Who Reported Who Reported Percent Percent Assault Among Assault Among Sexual Sexual 16.1 11.3 22.6 82.3 37.1 16.1 11.3 22.6 82.3 37.1 13.9 13.9 10.0 10.0 9.7 9.7 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Percent Sexual Victims Assault Sexual AssaultReporting by Victims—Lifetime Percent All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12Months following two questions: Sexual assaultisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneofthe the following two questions: Domestic violenceisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneof 51.2% 10 20 30 40 All StudentsAll by SexualAssault/Domestic Violence Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime All StudentsAll by SexualAssault/Domestic Violence Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime PercentPercent 10 15 20 25 0 0 5 without your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexual touching your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexualintercourse yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: your significant otherorspouse/partner? •Been hurtby threats, “put-downs,” oryelling by otherorspouse/partner? •Been slapped,kicked, by or pushed your significant yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: All StudentsAll by Gender Perpetrator—Past 12Months Sexual Assault andDomestic Violence 10 20 30 40 50 60 All StudentsAll by Gender Perpetrator—Past 12Months Sexual Assaultand Domestic Violence PercentPercent 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. 0 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Domestic Victims Violence Domestic Violence Reporting byVictims—Lifetime Domestic Victims Violence Domestic Violence Reporting byVictims—Lifetime Have NotExperienced Have NotExperienced 0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 54.2% 54.2% Domestic Violence Domestic Violence 30.5 20.5 Sexual Assault/ Sexual Assault/ Students Who Students Who Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin 13.1 2.1 13.1 2.1 48.8% Sexual Assault 8.3 Sexual Assault 8.4 All Students All Students Did Not ReportDid Sexual Assault Reported Sexual Assault 45.8% 45.8% 1.2 1.2 All Students All Students Did Not ReportDid Domestic Violence Reported Domestic Violence Did Not ReportDid Domestic Violence Reported Domestic Violence 35.5 23.9 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Sexual Assault— Assault to* Reported the Sexual Assault— Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin 1.6 1.6 52.0 52.0 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Violence to* Reported the Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Violence to* Reported the Males Males Within PastWithin 12Months 12.2 Within PastWithin 12Months 8.4 Males Males 3.4 3.4 Domestic Violence Domestic Violence Domestic Violence— Domestic Violence— 2.4 0.0 Females Females Assault Victims Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin Who Reported 1.2 1.2 Females Females Percent Assault Among Sexual 46.4 46.4 16.1 11.3 22.6 82.3 37.1 13.9 10.0 Violence Victims Violence Victims 9.7 Who Reported Who Reported Domestic Domestic Percent Percent Assault Among Assault Among 3.0 3.0 15.8 18.4 89.5 57.9 15.8 18.4 89.5 57.9 0.0 5.3 0.0 5.3

Percent StudentsAll by SexualAssault/Domestic Violence Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Perpetrator—Past 12Months Sexual AssaultandDomestic Violence Percent 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Domestic Victims Violence Domestic Violence Reporting byVictims—Lifetime Have NotExperienced 0 1 2 3 4 Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator Type of Harassment 54.2% Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator Type ofHarassment Type ofHarassment Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story Students were ableto selectresponse all options that applied. college/university; occurred by notat someone my college/university. peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my options were: Notapplicable, happen not did to me, occurred by a types ofsexual harassment provided the in table. Student response Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any ofthe All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment Type ofHarassment Students were ableto selectresponse all options that applied. college/university; occurred by notat someone my college/university. peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my options were: Notapplicable, happen not did to me, occurred by a types ofsexual harassment provided the in table. Student response Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any ofthe Domestic Violence All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment Sexual Assault/ Students Who 13.1 2.1 Sexual Assault 45.8% 1.2 All Students Did Not ReportDid Domestic Violence Reported Domestic Violence All Students All Students Sexual Assault— Within LifetimeWithin 1.6 52.0 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Violence to* Reported the Males Males Males All Students All Students 3.4 Domestic Violence Domestic Violence— Within LifetimeWithin 1.2 Females Females Females 46.4 63.2 17.7 26.8 21.1 27.1 15.3 17.3 18.9 16.6 24.7 33.8 31.8 63.2 17.7 26.8 21.1 27.1 15.3 17.3 18.9 74.7 29.5 38.9 33.0 38.3 13.7 25.7 23.9 29.1 16.6 Violence Victims 24.7 24.7 33.8 31.8 38.3 40.5 42.3 74.7 29.5 38.9 33.0 38.3 13.7 25.7 23.9 29.1 24.7 college/university 38.3 40.5 42.3 college/university Who Reported 7.1 2.0 3.2 7.1 2.0 6.6 3.2 6.2 6.6 6.2 Perpetrated by Perpetrated by a peerat my a peerat my Domestic Percent Assault Among 3.0 15.8 18.4 89.5 57.9 Percent Males Percent Males 62.9 20.0 13.3 18.9 10.1 10.0 14.6 0.0 5.3 14.6 20.2 41.1 37.8 62.9 20.0 13.3 18.9 10.1 10.0 14.6 65.2 11.1 21.1 14.4 22.2 12.4 12.2 20.2 14.6 19.1 20.2 41.1 37.8 29.2 45.6 44.4 65.2 11.1 21.1 14.4 22.2 12.4 12.2 20.2 19.1 29.2 45.6 44.4 8.9 3.3 1.1 3.3 8.9 3.3 1.1 5.6 3.3 3.3 3.3 5.6 3.3 3.3 63.3 20.2 29.2 23.2 29.3 17.0 19.3 19.7 17.0 25.6 31.8 29.9 63.3 20.2 29.2 23.2 29.3 17.0 19.3 19.7 77.2 34.4 44.0 37.5 42.4 15.8 28.9 27.1 30.7 17.0 25.6 25.6 31.8 29.9 39.6 38.3 41.1 77.2 34.4 44.0 37.5 42.4 15.8 28.9 27.1 30.7 25.6 39.6 38.3 41.1 7.8 2.1 3.0 7.8 2.1 7.1 3.0 6.9 7.1 6.9 Females Females 12.6 12.6 faculty/staff at my faculty/staff at my college/university college/university 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.0 1.4 1.1 2.3 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.0 1.4 1.1 2.3 Perpetrated by Perpetrated by Percent Percent 10.2 10.2 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 3.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.3 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 3.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.3 12.7 12.7 4.5 5.7 5.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 4.5 5.7 5.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. Percent Sexual Victims Assault Sexual AssaultReporting by Victims—Lifetime Percent All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Assault—Lifetime and Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender Domestic Violence—Lifetime and Past 12Months following two questions: Sexual assaultisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneofthe the following two questions: Domestic violenceisdefined asanswering yes to at least oneof 51.2% 10 20 30 40 10 15 20 25 Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator Type ofHarassment Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story Type ofHarassment Students were ableto selectresponse all options that applied. college/university; occurred by notat someone my college/university. peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my options were: Notapplicable, happen not did to me, occurred by a types ofsexual harassment provided the in table. Student response Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any ofthe 0 All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment 0 5 without your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexual touching your without consent oragainst your will? or attempted •Experiencedactual sexualintercourse yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: your significant otherorspouse/partner? •Been hurtby threats, “put-downs,” oryelling by otherorspouse/partner? •Been slapped,kicked, by orpushed your significant yourWithin lifetime thepast orduring 12months, have you: someone notat my 43.2 17.9 23.0 18.4 21.9 13.0 13.4 10.7 someone notat my 20.0 11.9 17.1 43.2 17.9 23.0 18.4 21.9 13.0 13.4 10.7 20.0 11.9 17.1 college/university college/university 7.5 4.3 8.2 3.9 7.5 4.3 8.2 3.9 Perpetrated by Perpetrated by 30.5 20.5 Within LifetimeWithin Within LifetimeWithin 48.8% 18.2 10.1 18.2 10.1 8.3 8.4 All Students 2.2 4.4 2.2 6.7 1.1 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.4 All Students 3.4 0.0 6.7 7.8 2.2 4.4 2.2 6.7 1.1 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.4 3.4 0.0 6.7 7.8 Did Not ReportDid Sexual Assault Reported Sexual Assault 35.5 23.9 49.5 22.3 28.0 22.3 26.0 15.2 10.1 16.1 12.8 22.0 13.1 19.2 49.5 22.3 28.0 22.3 26.0 15.2 10.1 16.1 12.8 22.0 13.1 19.2 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Assault to* Reported the 9.6 5.4 5.1 9.6 5.4 5.1 All Students Males Males Within PastWithin 12Months 12.2 Within PastWithin 12Months 8.4 All StudentsAll by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12Months

Percent 2.4

Percent 0.0 Females Females Assault Victims Who Reported 10 10 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 Percent Assault Among Sexual 16.1 11.3 22.6 82.3 37.1 13.9 10.0 9.7 Males All Students All Students All Students 4.1 4.1 Females 63.2 17.7 26.8 21.1 27.1 15.3 17.3 18.9 16.6 24.7 33.8 31.8 74.7 29.5 38.9 33.0 38.3 13.7 25.7 23.9 29.1 24.7 38.3 40.5 42.3 college/university

Percent StudentsAll by SexualAssault/Domestic Violence Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime 7.1 2.0 3.2 6.6 6.2 Perpetrated by All StudentsAll by Gender Perpetrator—Past 12Months Sexual AssaultandDomestic Violence Percent 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 *Students may have reported incident to inmore individuals thanonecategory. a peerat my Domestic Victims Violence Domestic Violence Reporting byVictims—Lifetime Have NotExperienced 0 1 2 3 4 54.2% Domestic Violence Percent Males Sexual Assault/ Students Who 62.9 20.0 13.3 18.9 10.1 10.0 14.6 14.6 20.2 41.1 37.8 65.2 11.1 21.1 14.4 22.2 12.4 12.2 20.2 19.1 29.2 45.6 44.4 8.9 3.3 1.1 3.3 5.6 3.3 3.3 13.1 2.1 Sexual Assault Males Males 8.8 8.8 45.8% 1.2 63.3 20.2 29.2 23.2 29.3 17.0 19.3 19.7 17.0 25.6 31.8 29.9 77.2 34.4 44.0 37.5 42.4 15.8 28.9 27.1 30.7 25.6 39.6 38.3 41.1 All Students Did Not ReportDid Domestic Violence Reported Domestic Violence 7.8 2.1 3.0 7.1 6.9 Sexual Assault— Within LifetimeWithin 1.6 Females 12.6 faculty/staff at my college/university 52.0 Someone Else Police CareHealth Provider Intimate Partner or Friend Family Authority Campus Violence to* Reported the 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.0 1.4 1.1 2.3 Perpetrated by Males Percent 3.4 10.2 Domestic Violence 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 3.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.3 Domestic Violence— Within LifetimeWithin Females 1.2 Females Females 46.4 2.1 12.7 2.1 Violence Victims Who Reported 4.5 5.7 5.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 Domestic Percent Assault Among 3.0 15.8 18.4 89.5 57.9 0.0 5.3 someone notat my 43.2 17.9 23.0 18.4 21.9 13.0 13.4 10.7 20.0 11.9 17.1 college/university 7.5 4.3 8.2 3.9 Perpetrated by 18.2 10.1 2.2 4.4 2.2 6.7 1.1 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.4 3.4 0.0 6.7 7.8 49.5 22.3 28.0 22.3 26.0 15.2 10.1 16.1 12.8 22.0 13.1 19.2 9.6 5.4 Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment—Perpetrator 5.1 Type ofHarassment Any Sexual Experienceof Harassment because your of gender Someone acted condescendingly to you Someone madeoffensive sexist remarks yourof gender Someone treated you“differently” because offensivein terms Someone referred to ofyour people gender have sex Someone treated youbadly for refusing to throughretaliation Someone madeyoufeel threatened rewardticketsor special Someone appeared to bribeyouwith a youfeel uncomfortable Someone touched youa wayin that made Someone continued to ask for dates sexual relationship Someone attempted to establish a languageSomeone usedbody asexual of nature your appearance Someone madeoffensive comments about of sexual discussion matters Someone attempted to draw intoyou a Someone toldsexual joke/story Type ofHarassment Students were ableto selectresponse all options that applied. college/university; occurred by notat someone my college/university. peer at my college/university; occurred by faculty/staff at my options were: Notapplicable, happen not did to me, occurred by a types ofsexual harassment provided the in table. Student response Students were asked to indicate whether they experienced any ofthe All StudentsAll by Gender Sexual Harassment measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Note: Items found table this in arean everyday basedon discrimination YouAre Threatened orHarassed Other People Treated withLessCourtesy orRespect Than Restaurants orStores Received Poorer ThanOtherPeople Service at People ActasifThey You Think Are NotSmart People ActasifThey Are Afraidof You measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Note: Items found table this in arean everyday basedon discrimination Type ofDiscrimination YouAre Threatened orHarassed Other People Treated withLessCourtesy orRespect Than Restaurants orStores Received Poorer ThanOtherPeople Service at People ActasifThey You Think Are NotSmart People ActasifThey Are Afraidof You All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Experience—Lifetime Type ofDiscrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Experience—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Immediate Firearm Access All StudentsAll by Gender Bullying—Lifetime All StudentsAll by Gender Immediate Firearm Access All StudentsAll by Gender Bullying—Lifetime Percent Percent Percent StudentsAll by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12Months Percent ImmediateThose with Access to Firearms Firearm Access—Type ofFirearm Percent Those with ImmediateThose with Access to Firearms Firearm Access—Type ofFirearm PercentPercent All Students 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 adu ieAsutRfl htu Other Shotgun Rifle Assault Rifle Handgun adu ieAsutRfl htu Other Shotgun Rifle Assault Rifle Handgun 76.9 76.9 All Students 56.5 Males 56.5 Experienced Bullying Experienced Bullying All Students 4.1 All Students All Students Females 2.9 2.9 63.2 17.7 26.8 21.1 27.1 15.3 17.3 18.9 16.6 24.7 33.8 31.8 74.7 29.5 38.9 33.0 38.3 13.7 25.7 23.9 29.1 24.7 38.3 40.5 42.3 51.7 college/university 51.7 7.1 2.0 3.2 6.6 6.2 Perpetrated by Have Immediate Accessto Firearms Have Immediate Accessto Firearms a peerat my All Students All Students All Students All Students 76.9 Percent Males 76.9 62.9 20.0 13.3 18.9 10.1 10.0 14.6 14.6 20.2 41.1 37.8 65.2 11.1 21.1 14.4 22.2 12.4 12.2 20.2 19.1 29.2 45.6 44.4 8.9 3.3 1.1 3.3 5.6 3.3 3.3 63.3 20.2 29.2 23.2 29.3 17.0 19.3 19.7 17.0 25.6 31.8 29.9 77.2 34.4 44.0 37.5 42.4 15.8 28.9 27.1 30.7 25.6 39.6 38.3 41.1 56.9 7.8 2.1 56.9 3.0 7.1 6.9 Females 12.6 faculty/staff at my college/university 4.1 4.8 5.0 4.3 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.9 1.1 0.0 1.4 1.1 2.3 Perpetrated by Percent Males Males Males 10.2 38.5 8.8 38.5 2.2 2.2 3.3 2.2 1.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 3.4 2.2 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.3 6.6 6.6 12.7 4.5 5.7 5.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 2.1 Males Males Males Males 14.8 14.8 someone notat my 43.2 17.9 23.0 18.4 21.9 13.0 13.4 10.7 20.0 11.9 17.1 college/university 7.5 4.3 8.2 3.9 Perpetrated by CarriedBullying Out CarriedBullying Out 18.2 10.1 2.2 4.4 2.2 6.7 1.1 0.0 2.2 1.1 3.4 Females 3.4 0.0 6.7 7.8 Females 61.5 61.5 36.9 70.9 39.8 70.3 33.7 36.9 70.9 39.8 70.3 33.7 49.5 22.3 28.0 22.3 26.0 15.2 10.1 16.1 12.8 22.0 13.1 19.2 24.2 24.2 9.6 5.4 5.1 Females 1.5 Females Females 1.5 Females Females Percent Percent 69.2 46.2 61.5 42.2 46.7 69.2 46.2 61.5 42.2 46.7 2.1

Percent StudentsAll by Gender Physical Fight—Past 12Months 10 11.5 0 2 4 6 8 11.5 7.7 7.7 71.4 38.1 73.3 31.1 34.5 71.4 38.1 73.3 31.1 34.5 All Students 4.1 Males 8.8 measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Note: Items found table this in arean everyday basedon discrimination YouAre Threatened orHarassed Other People Treated withLessCourtesy orRespect Than Restaurants orStores Received Poorer ThanOtherPeople Service at People ActasifThey You Think Are NotSmart People ActasifThey Are Afraidof You Type ofDiscrimination Note: Items found table this in are adapted from et Williams al(1997). All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Experience—Lifetime Other Other AspectofPhysicalAppearance Weight Color Skin Shade of Sexual Orientation Religion Race PhysicalDisability HIV Status Height Gender Education/Income Level Ancestry orNational Origin Age Note: Items found table this in are adapted from et Williams al(1997). Reason for Discrimination Other Other AspectofPhysicalAppearance Weight Color Skin Shade of Sexual Orientation Religion Race PhysicalDisability HIV Status Height Gender Education/Income Level Ancestry orNational Origin Age All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Reason for Discrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime All Students Transportation Safety—Past 12Months All Students Transportation Safety—Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender Immediate Firearm Access PercentPercent StudentsAll by Gender Bullying—Lifetime Percent Females Percent Those with ImmediateThose with Access to Firearms Firearm Access—Type ofFirearm 100

100 Percent 2.1 20 40 60 80 All Students Current Credit Card Debt 20 40 60 80 All Students Current Credit Card Debt 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 Do Not HaveDo aCredit Card PayEachFull in Month No Credit CardDebt— Credit Card Debt 55.6% Do Not HaveDo aCredit Card PayEachFull in Month No Credit CardDebt— Credit Card Debt adu ieAsutRfl htu Other Shotgun Rifle Assault Rifle Handgun 55.6% Personal Safety and Financial Health Results 76.9 56.5 Experienced Bullying Bicycle Helmet Use Bicycle Helmet Use 32 All Students All Students All Students 63.2 19.2 63.2 19.2 2.9 Health andHealth-Related Behaviors measure (Sternthal et al, 2011). Note: Items found table this in arean everyday basedon discrimination 51.7 YouAre Threatened orHarassed Other People Treated withLessCourtesy orRespect Than Restaurants orStores Received Poorer ThanOtherPeople Service at People Actas if They You Think Are NotSmart People Actas if They Are Afraidof You Type ofDiscrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Experience—Lifetime 15.0% 15.0% All StudentsAll by Gender Immediate Firearm Access 8.8 8.8 All StudentsAll by Gender Bullying—Lifetime 8.8 8.8 Percent Percent Those with ImmediateThose with Access to Firearms Firearm Access—Type ofFirearm

Percent Have Immediate Accessto Firearms enrolled for four years ( or more ishighest amongundergraduate students students withamonthly credit card debt of$3,000 The percentage ofWinonaState University to to for five ormore years. increases from student loanbalanceofmore than$25,000 The percentage ofWSU students whoreport a All Students debt as $3,000permonth ormore. the past month. Ofthesestudents, report carrying somelevel ofcredit card debt over More thanoneinseven ( All Students 29.4% 29.4% 10 20 30 40 50 60 20 40 60 80 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 76.9 Current Credit Card Debt Definition: Student LoanBalance Definition: Credit Card Debt Definition: past month. Any unpaidbalanceat theend ofthe A student loanbalanceof$25,000 ormore. A monthly debt of$3,000 ormore. 91.2% adu ieAsutRfl htu Other Shotgun Rifle Assault Rifle Handgun 76.9 56.5 Experienced Bullying 56.9 All Students 2.9 51.7 Most theTime of Never Always Sometimes Most theTime of Never Always Sometimes amongundergraduate students enrolled Have Immediate Accessto Firearms All Students All Students 76.9 Males Males Males 38.5 6.6 56.9 2.2% Texting, orInternet Emailing, Use Texting, orInternet Emailing, Use Males Males Males 38.5 6.6 14.8 26.1% 26.1% Males Males CarriedBullying Out

amongfirst-year students

14.8

CarriedBullying Out

6.2% 6.2% While Driving 5.4% While Driving Females Females Females Females 61.5 61.5 36.9 70.9 39.8 70.3 33.7 $3,000–$4,999 $1,000–$2,999 15.0% $5,000 orMore $1–$999 $3,000–$4,999 $1,000–$2,999 $5,000 orMore $1–$999 36.9 70.9 39.8 70.3 33.7 12.4 29.4 30.0 13.0 22.6 55.4 16.7 45.8 12.4 29.4 30.0 13.0 4.6% 22.6 55.4 16.7 45.8 4.6% 24.2 62.2 27.8 62.2 27.8 6.2 7.4 2.8 0.3 Females 1.5 Females 5.9 7.7 6.2 7.4 2.8 0.3 5.9 7.7 24.2 1.6 8.4 1.6 Percent 8.4 69.2 46.2 61.5 42.2 46.7 Females 1.5 Females ). Percent 11.5 Percent Percent 7.7 69.2 46.2 61.5 42.2 46.7 18.0 31.1 31.1 13.1 23.0 63.1% 16.4 23.0 21.3 23.0 18.0 31.1 31.1 13.1 23.0 63.1% 16.4 23.0 21.3 23.0 71.4 38.1 73.3 31.1 34.5 ) WSU students 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.6 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.6 11.5 10.8% WinonaState University Students 7.7 71.4 38.1 73.3 31.1 34.5 10.7 29.3 31.0 11.6 25.6 65.3 20.2 52.5 10.7 29.3 31.0 11.6 25.6 65.3 20.2 52.5 5.0 8.3 3.3 0.4 4.5 5.0 5.0 8.3 3.3 0.4 4.5 5.0 report the Note: Items found table this in are adapted from et Williams al(1997). Other Other AspectofPhysicalAppearance Weight Color Skin Shade of Sexual Orientation Religion Race PhysicalDisability HIV Status Height Gender Education/Income Level Ancestry orNational Origin Age Reason for Discrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Percent All Students Transportation Safety—Past 12Months 100 20 40 60 80 All Students Current Credit Card Debt 0 Do Not HaveDo aCredit Card PayEachFull in Month No Credit CardDebt— Credit Card Debt 55.6% Bicycle Helmet Use All Students 63.2 19.2 15.0% 8.8 8.8 29.4% Note: Items found table this in are adapted from et Williams al(1997). Other Other AspectofPhysicalAppearance Weight Color Skin Shade of Sexual Orientation Religion Race PhysicalDisability HIV Status Height Gender Education/Income Level Ancestry orNational Origin Age Reason for Discrimination All StudentsAll by Gender Discrimination Type/Reason—Lifetime Percent All Students Transportation Safety—Past 12Months 100 Most theTime of Never Always Sometimes All Students Credit Card Debt andClassStatus All Students Credit Card Debt andClassStatus All Students Student LoanBalance andClassStatus 20 40 60 80 All Students Current Credit Card Debt PercentPercent All Students Student LoanBalance andClassStatus PercentPercent Males 100 0 100 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 Texting, orInternet Emailing, Use 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0 26.1% Do Not HaveDo aCredit Card PayEachFull in Month No Credit CardDebt— Credit Card Debt 55.6%

*Insufficient data. *Insufficient data.

*Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. 6.2% While Driving Females 0.0 0.0 2.2 $3,000–$4,999 $1,000–$2,999 2.2 $5,000 orMore $1–$999 12.4 29.4 30.0 13.0 22.6 55.4 16.7 45.8 4.6% 62.2 27.8 2 1 6.2 7.4 2.8 0.3 5.9 7.7 2 1 2 1 2 1 1.6 8.4 Bicycle Helmet Use Percent 18.0 31.1 31.1 13.1 23.0 63.1% 16.4 23.0 21.3 23.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.6 All Students 63.2 19.2 10.7 29.3 31.0 11.6 25.6 65.3 20.2 52.5 Undergraduate Undergraduate 15.0% Undergraduate 8.8 8.8 Undergraduate 5.0 8.3 3.3 0.4 4.5 5.0 19.5 19.5 29.4% 0.9 0.9 Number ofYears Enrolled Number ofYears Enrolled Number ofYears Enrolled Number ofYears Enrolled Most theTime of Never Always 24.0 Sometimes 24.0 0.0 0.0 3 3 3 3 Males All Students Credit Card Debt andClassStatus Percent All Students Student LoanBalance andClassStatus Percent 100 20 40 60 80 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 Texting, orInternet Emailing, Use *Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. 0.0 2.2 2 1 2 1 or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, 31.8 31.8 5.4 5.4 26.1% 5+ 4 5+ 4 5+ 4

5+ 4

Undergraduate Undergraduate 6.2% 19.5 0.9 Number ofYears Enrolled

While Driving Number ofYears Enrolled Females $3,000–$4,999 $1,000–$2,999 $5,000 orMore $1–$999 12.4 29.4 30.0 13.0 22.6 55.4 16.7 45.8 4.6% 62.2 27.8 6.2 7.4 2.8 0.3 5.9 7.7 1.6 8.4 24.0 91.2 91.2 0.0 4.0 4.0 3 3 Percent

18.0 31.1 31.1 13.1 23.0 63.1% 16.4 23.0 21.3 23.0 4.9 0.0 0.0 6.6 6.6 or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, 31.8 5.4 5+ 4 5+ 4 10.7 29.3 31.0 11.6 25.6 65.3 20.2 52.5 5.0 8.3 3.3 0.4 4.5 5.0 91.2 4.0 All Students Credit Card Debt andClassStatus Percent All Students Student LoanBalance andClassStatus Percent

100

80 60 20 40

5 6 3 4 1 2 0 0 *Insufficient data. *Insufficient data. 0.0 2.2 2 1 2 1 Undergraduate Undergraduate 19.5 0.9 Number ofYears Enrolled Number ofYears Enrolled 24.0 0.0 3 3 or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, or ProfessionalProgram* Master’s, Graduate, 31.8 5.4 5+ 4 5+ 4 91.2 4.0 Results Nutrition and Physical Activity 33 National Comparison National fewer eat generally States adults in the United older adults, young to compared that, shows Research report 18–27 adults ages Young 2017a). (CDC, active physically more but are fruits and vegetables of 2.5 days an average food fast and consuming per week, of 3.1 days an average breakfast consuming is 16.1% 18–24 in Minnesota adults ages of obesity among young rate 2006). The (Niemeier, per week 2017a). (CDC, young adults is limited, 34) among on page insecurity (see definition food examining Though research concern. Three issues of increasing are outcomes insecurity and its negative of food the prevalence either food 45%–59% are that show students among college States in the United conducted studies et al, 2014). al, 2015; Patton-Lopez et al, 2009; Maroto et insecurity (Chaparro risk of food or at insecure report participating to 75.6% of all adults, compared 18–24, young adults ages 84.4% of Nationwide, than one-half (53.3%) of 2017a). More (CDC, month activity during the last one physical least in at week; activity per physical of aerobic or more in 150 minutes participating report 24-year-olds 18- to 2015a). (CDC, is 50.8% all adults, the rate for Nutrition and Physical Activity and Physical Nutrition opportunities experiences and increased time of new a represent years the college students, many For of nutrition and the areas encompass health decisions. Some of these decisions personal make to academic Busy want. they when want, they what to eat free own, on their are Students activity. physical schedules work Class and regularly. exercising well and eating priority over take and social schedules can finances limited and pressure, peer changes, Lifestyle semester. every and change day to day from vary may finances Limited gain. weight results in that overeating triggering in stress, increase an lead to may dollars against and housing textbooks, for tuition, dollars pitting challenges, budget into also translate food. for Results BMI Category All Students Average BMI Food Insecurity—Past 12 Months All Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender All Students 3.1% 30 17.3% BMI Range Weight Category In the 1990s, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 26.7 26.8 Less Than 18.5 Underweight developed a series of questions designed to measure food insecurity. 26.1 25.2 25.4 24.9 The 18-item Household Food Security Survey (HFSS) serves as the 20 18.5–24.9 Normal Weight standard for assessing household food security (Bickel et al, 2000). 23.4% 56.2% In order to gain some insight into food insecurity among the college 25.0–29.9 Overweight population, a validated two-question screening based on the HFSS was selected to appear within the College Student Health Survey 30.0–39.9 Obese (Hager et al, 2010). These two questions inquire whether a household BMI Average 10 40.0 and Greater Extremely Obese has been worried about having money to buy food, and whether there have been times when members of the household went without food.

Underweight Food security is a necessary component to household and personal well-being. Food insecurity, though it is conceptual, measures 0 Normal Weight something different from nutritional deprivation, and can be a None/Limited Moderate High precursor to nutritional, health, and developmental problems Overweight (Bickel et al, 2000). Mental and physical changes accompanying Males Females Obese/Extremely Obese inadequate food intake have a bearing on learning, productivity, and physical and psychological health (Sharkey et al, 2011; McLaughlin et al, 2012).

Question Percent BMI Category Within the past 12 months, I Average BMI All Students worried whether my food would run All Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender Foodout before Insecurity—Past I got money to buy 12 more. Months4.8 20.5 69.6 5.1 Meal Patterns All Students 3.1% All Students by BMI Category Within the past 12 months, the food I bought just didn’t last and I didn’t 30 BMI Category have money to get more. 3.4 16.5 75.8 4.3 BMI Range Weight Category Average BMI All Students17.3% In the 1990s, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) All Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender developedFood Insecurity—Past a series of questions 12 designed Months to measure food insecurity. 26.7 26.1 26.8 BMI Category Less Than 18.5 Underweight Behavior Percent All Students Often True Never True 25.2 25.4 24.9 All Students by3.1% Gender The 18-item Household Food Security Survey (HFSS) serves as the 20 18.5–24.9 Normal Weight Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days) standard for assessing householdSometimes food True securityDon’t (Bickel Know et al, 2000). Body mass index (BMI) is a common and reliable BMI23.4% Category56.2% In order to gain some insight into food insecurity among the college Average30 BMI All Students 25.0–29.9 Overweight 0 Days per Week 15.4 15.5 14.4 17.1 population, a validated two-question screening based on the HFSS All Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender indicator of body fat (CDC, 2015a). BMI equals 6017.3% BMI Range Weight Category wasFood selected Insecurity—Past to appear within the 12 College Months Student Health Survey 30.0–39.9 Obese In the 1990s, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1–3 Days per Week 30.8 30.1 25.8 42.9 (HagerAll Students et al, 2010). These two questions inquire whether a household BMI Average 26.7 26.8 3.1% Less Than 18.5 Underweight developed a series of questions designed to measure food insecurity. 10 26.1 25.2 25.4 24.9 weight in kilograms divided by height in meters 50 40.055.6 and Greater Extremely Obese hasThe been 18-item worried Household about having Food Securitymoney to Survey buy food, (HFSS) and serves whether as the there 4–7 Days per Week 53.8 54.4 59.8 40.0 have been times when members of the household went without food. 3020 2 51.3 18.5–24.9 Normal Weight standard for assessing household food security (Bickel et al, 2000). squared (BMI = kg/m ). This table presents weight 23.4% 56.2% Fast-Food Consumption (Past 12 Months) In order to gain some insight into food insecurity among the college 40 BMI Range Weight Category 17.3% Underweight25.0–29.9 Overweight FoodInpopulation, the security 1990s, is athe avalidated necessary United two-questionStates component Department toscreening household of Agriculture based and personalon (USDA)the HFSS categories based on BMI ranges. 1–2 Times per Month or Less 69.2 65.6 64.9 50.7 well-being.was selected Food to insecurity, appear within though the itCollege is conceptual, Student measures Health Survey 0 26.7 26.1 26.8 Normal WeightLess30.0–39.9 Than 18.5 UnderweightObese developed a series of questions designed to measure food insecurity. 25.2 25.4 24.9 30 somethingThe(Hager 18-item et differental, Household2010). from These nutritionalFood two Security questions deprivation, Survey inquire (HFSS) andwhether serves can bea as householda the BMI Average 10 None/Limited Moderate High Percent Once per Week or More 30.8 34.4 35.1 49.3 precursorDailyhas been Sweetened to worried nutritional, about Beverage health,having andmoney Consumptondevelopmental to buy food, problemsand whether there 20 Overweight18.5–24.940.0 and Greater NormalExtremely Weight Obese (Bickelstandard et al, for 2000). assessing Mental household and physical food changes security accompanying(Bickel et al, 2000). 23.4%20 56.2% —PastInhave order been 30to timesgain Days some when insight members into foodof the insecurity household among went thewithout college food. Males Females More than two-fifths (40.7%) of students at Obese/Extremely 25.6Obese23.7 inadequate food intake have a bearing on learning, productivity, 25.0–29.9 Overweight20.5 Underweight Overweight Allpopulation, Students a validated two-question screening based on the HFSS Underweight andwasFood physical selected security and to is psychological appeara necessary within component health the College (Sharkey to Student household et al, Health2011; and Survey personal Winona State University fall within the overweight 10 30.0–39.9 Obese 17.3 McLaughlin et al, 2012). 2.6 3.4 Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese (Hagerwell-being. et al, Food 2010). insecurity, These two though questions it is conceptual, inquire whether measures a household BMI Average 100 Normal Weight something different from nutritional deprivation, and can be a 40.0 and Greater Extremely Obese has10 been worried about having money to buy food, and whether there None/Limited Moderate High or obese/extremely obese category. This is based 0 haveprecursor been to times nutritional, when membershealth, andof thedevelopmental household wentproblems without food. Overweight (Bickel et al, 2000). Mental and physical changes accompanying on self-reported height and weight. Underweight Normal Overweight Obese/ Question 9.3Percent Males Females Obese/ExtremelyUnderweightWeight Obese Extremely Obese Foodinadequate8 security food is a intake necessary have8.7 component a bearing on to learning, household productivity, and personal Withinwell-being.and physical the past Food and 12 insecurity,psychologicalmonths, I though health it is(Sharkey conceptual, et al, measures 2011; 0 McLaughlin et al, 2012). NormalMales Weight Females worriedsomething whether different my food from would nutritional run deprivation, and can be a None/Limited Moderate High outprecursor before6 I togot nutritional, money to buyhealth, more. and developmental4.8 20.5 problems69.6 5.1 Overweight Meal Patterns All Students by BMI Category Within(Bickel the et pastal, 2000). 12 months, Mental the and food physical changes accompanying Males Females inadequate food intake have a bearing on learning, productivity, Obese/Extremely Obese IPercent boughtQuestion4 just didn’t last and I didn’t Percent haveand money physical to and get psychologicalmore. health (Sharkey3.4 16.5 et al, 2011;75.8 4.3 McLaughlinWithin the past et al, 12 2012). months, I worried whether my food would run 2 BMI Category BehaviorMeal Patterns Percent out before I got moneyOften to True buy more. 4.8Never20.5 True 69.6 5.1 All FruitStudents and by BMIVegetable Category Consumption— All Students by Gender QuestionWithin the past 12Sometimes months, the True food Don’t KnowPercent BreakfastPast Consumption Seven Days (Past 7 Days) I bought0 just didn’t last and I didn’t All Students by Gender Withinhave money the past to get12 months,more. I 3.4 16.5 75.8 4.3 0 Days per Week Regular Soda Coffee Drinks 15.4 15.5 14.4 17.1 worried whether my food would run with Sugar 60 out before I got money to buy more. 4.8 20.5 69.6 5.1 1–3Meal Days Patternsper Week 30.8 30.1 25.8 42.9 All Students100 by BMI Category Often True Never True More than two-fifths (46.1%) of males and more BMI Category Behavior 13.4 10.0 Percent Within the past 12 months, the food All50 Students by Gender 55.6 4–7 Days per Week 53.8 54.4 59.814.140.0 I bought just didn’t last and I didn’t 51.3 Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days) Sometimes True Don’t Know than two in five (41.0%) females at WSU fall within 80 87.8 have money to get more. 3.4 16.5 75.8 4.3 40 Fast-Food Consumption84.8 (Past 12 Months) 0 Days per Week 15.4 15.5 14.484.117.1 the overweight or obese/extremely obese category. 60 1–2 Times per Month or Less 69.2 65.6 64.9 50.7 BMI Category 1–3Behavior Days per Week 30.8 30.1Percent25.8 42.9 Often True Never True Additional analysis shows that the average BMI 30 60 Percent All Students by Gender Once per Week or More 30.8 34.4 35.1 49.3 Sometimes True Don’t Know 50 55.6 Breakfast4–7 Days per Consumption Week (Past 7 Days) 53.8 54.4 59.8 40.0 Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumpton for male WSU students is 25.7, and the average 20 51.3 25.6 23.7 Percent 40 —Past 30 Days 40 20.5 0Fast-Food Days per Consumption WeekUnderweight (Past 12 Months)Overweight15.4 15.5 14.4 17.1 All Students BMI for female students is 25.6. For both male 60 17.3 Physical Activity Level—Past Seven Days 10 1–3 Days per Week 30.8 30.1 25.8 42.9 2.6 3.4 1–2 Times20 perNormal Month Weight or Less Obese/Extremely69.2 65.6 Obese64.9 50.7 All Students and female students, these averages fall within the 5030 55.6 10 Percent 4–7Once Days per perWeek Week or More 53.830.8 54.434.4 59.835.1 40.049.3 0 51.3 1.8 2.2 1.8 Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumpton overweight category. Underweight Normal Overweight Obese/ 0 4020 25.6 23.7 Fast-Food Consumption (Past 12 Months) —Past8 30 Days 9.3 Weight Extremely20.5 Obese AllUnderweight Students OverweightMales Females AllStudents Students were asked several8.7 questions related to their physical 17.3 1–2 Times per Month or Less 69.2 65.6 64.9 50.7 activity level. The survey questions that relate to recommendations 3010 Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese 2.6 3.4 Males Females 5 or More Times per Day outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are: Percent Once per Week or More 30.8 34.4 35.1 49.3 Daily610 Sweetened Beverage Consumpton 0 1–4 Times per Day In the past seven days, how many minutes did you spend doing the 20 25.6 —Pastfollowing 30 activities? Days

23.7 Percent Underweight Normal Overweight Obese/ All4 Students 9.3 Weight Extremely20.5 Obese Underweight 0 TimesOverweight per Day •8 Strenuous exercise (heart beats rapidly) 10 17.3 • Moderate exercise (not8.7 exhausting) 2.6 3.4 Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese • Exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles Males Females 210 0 6 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption— The CDC recommends that adults: Underweight Normal Overweight Obese/ • Engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity9.3 physical activity

Percent 8 Weight Extremely Obese Past Seven Days 0 4 every week, and engage8.7 in muscle-strengthening activities two All Students by Gender or more days a weekRegular (CDC, Soda 2015c).Coffee Drinks with Sugar Males Females 6Or 2 100 10.0 • Engage in 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity every Results 13.4 14.1 week, and engage in muscle-strengthening activities two or more Fruit and Vegetable Consumption— Percent 4 days a week (CDC, 2015c). Past80 Seven Days 87.8 0 Nearly three in ten (29.0%) WSU students report Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months All Students 84.8by Gender 84.1 Or Regular Soda Coffee Drinks All Students by Gender •2 Engage in an equivalent mix of moderate-with and Sugar vigorous-intensity engaging in binge eating over the past 12 months. 60100 aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening activities two or more Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—10.0 days a week (CDC, 2015c). Past Seven13.4 Days 14.1 0 30 Percent All Students by Gender 4080 87.8 Regular Soda Coffee Drinks 29.0 84.8 84.1 with Sugar 25 27.8 29.1 Physical Activity Level—Past Seven Days 20100 All Students 60 13.4 10.0 14.1 20 24.8% 1.8 2.2 1.8 Percent 80 87.8 040 84.8 84.1 15 All Students Males Females Students were asked several questions related to their physical Percent activityPhysical level. Activity The survey Level—Past questions57.4% that Sevenrelate to Daysrecommendations 60 All Students 17.8% Nutrition and Physical Activity Nutrition and Physical 10 20 5 or More Times per Day outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are: In the past seven days, how many minutes did you spend doing the Percent 1–4 Times per Day 5 40 1.8 2.2 1.8 following activities? 0 0 Times per Day • Strenuous exercise (heart beats rapidly) All Students Males Females Physical Students • Moderate were Activity exercise asked several(not Level—Past exhausting) questions Sevenrelated toDays their physical 0 20 All activity • StudentsExercises level. to strengthenThe survey orquestions tone your that muscles relate to recommendations All Students Males Females 5 or More Times per Day outlined by the CentersNone/Limited for Disease ControlModerate and PreventionHigh (CDC) are: The CDC recommends that adults: 1.8 1–4 Times2.2 per Day 1.8 In the past seven days, how many minutes did you spend doing the 0 following• Engage activities?in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity All Students 0 TimesMales per Day Females Students every • Strenuous week, were and askedexercise engage several (heart in muscle-strengtheningquestions beats rapidly) related to their activities physical two activity or • Moderatemore level. days exerciseThe a week survey (CDC,(not questions exhausting) 2015c). that relate to recommendations 5 or More Times per Day outlined Or • Exercises by the to Centers strengthen for Disease or tone Controlyour muscles and Prevention (CDC) are: 1–4 Times per Day InThe• Engagethe CDC past recommends in seven 75 minutes days, thathow of vigorous-intensity adults:many minutes did physical you spend activity doing every the following week, and activities? engage in muscle-strengthening activities two or more 0 Times per Day days •• EngageStrenuous a week in 150 (CDC,exercise minutes 2015c). (heart of moderate-intensity beats rapidly) physical activity • every Moderate week, exercise and engage (not exhausting)in muscle-strengthening activities two Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months Or • or Exercises more days to strengthen a week (CDC, or tone2015c). your muscles All Students by Gender • Engage Or in an equivalent mix of moderate- and vigorous-intensity 34 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students The CDC recommends that adults: aerobic• Engage activity in 75 minutes and muscle-strengthening of vigorous-intensity activities physical activity two or everymore days• week,Engage a week and in 150 engage(CDC, minutes 2015c). in muscle-strengthening of moderate-intensity activities physical activitytwo or more 30 everydays a week, week and(CDC, engage 2015c). in muscle-strengthening activities two or more days a week (CDC, 2015c). Or Binge-Eating29.0 Behavior—Past 12 Months 29.1 Or All25 Students by Gender 27.8 • Engage in an equivalent mix of moderate- and vigorous-intensity • aerobicEngage inactivity 75 minutes and ofmuscle-strengthening vigorous-intensity physicalactivities activity two or every more week,days a andweek engage (CDC, in2015c). muscle-strengthening24.8% activities two or more 20 days a week (CDC, 2015c). 30 Or Binge-Eating15 Behavior—Past 12 Months All Students by Gender Percent • Engage in an equivalent57.4% mix of moderate- and vigorous-intensity 25 29.0 29.1 27.8 aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening17.8% activities two or more 10 days a week (CDC, 2015c). 24.8% 3020 5 29.0 2515 27.8 29.1 Percent 0 57.4% All Students Males Females 17.8% 2010 None/Limited Moderate24.8% High

155

Percent 57.4% 100 17.8% All Students Males Females None/Limited Moderate High 5

0 All Students Males Females None/Limited Moderate High BMI Category All Students Average BMI Food Insecurity—Past 12 Months All Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender All Students 3.1% 30 17.3% BMI Range Weight Category In the 1990s, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 26.7 26.8 BMI Category Less Than 18.5 Underweight developed a series of questions designed to measure food insecurity. Average BMI26.1 25.2 25.4 24.9 All Students The 18-item Household Food Security Survey (HFSS) serves as the All20 Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender 18.5–24.9 Normal Weight standardFood forInsecurity—Past assessing household 12 food Months security (Bickel et al, 2000). 23.4% 56.2% In Allorder Students to gain some insight into food insecurity among the college 3.1% 25.0–29.9 Overweight population, a validated two-question screening based on the HFSS was selected to appear within the College Student Health Survey 30.0–39.9 Obese 30 (Hager et al, 2010). These two questions inquire whether a household BMI Average 10 17.3% 40.0BMI and Range Greater ExtremelyWeight Category Obese has been worried about having money to buy food, and whether there haveIn the been 1990s, times the when United members States Departmentof the household of Agriculture went without (USDA) food. 26.7 26.8 Less Than 18.5 Underweight developed a series of questions designed to measure food insecurity. 26.1 25.2 25.4 24.9 The 18-item Household Food Security Survey (HFSS) serves as the Underweight Food security is a necessary component to household and personal 20 18.5–24.9 Normal Weight well-being.standard forFood assessing insecurity, household though itfood is conceptual, security (Bickel measures et al, 2000). 0 23.4% 56.2% In order to gain some insight into food insecurity among the college Normal Weight25.0–29.9 Overweight something different from nutritional deprivation, and can be a None/Limited Moderate High precursorpopulation, to nutritional, a validated health,two-question and developmental screening basedproblems on the HFSS Overweight was selected to appear within the College Student Health Survey 30.0–39.9 Obese (Bickel et al, 2000). Mental and physical changes accompanying Males Females (Hager et al, 2010). These two questions inquire whether a household BMI Average Obese/Extremely Obese inadequate food intake have a bearing on learning, productivity, 10 40.0 and Greater Extremely Obese andhas physical been worried and psychological about having health money (Sharkey to buy et food, al, 2011; and whether there McLaughlinhave been et times al, 2012). when members of the household went without food. Underweight Food security is a necessary component to household and personal well-being. Food insecurity, though it is conceptual, measures 0 Normal Weight Questionsomething different from nutritional deprivation,Percent and can be a None/Limited Moderate High precursor to nutritional, health, and developmental problems Overweight Within(Bickel the et pastal, 2000). 12 months, Mental I and physical changes accompanying worried whether my food would run Males Females Obese/Extremely Obese inadequate food intake have a bearing on learning, productivity, Meal Patterns outand before physical I got and money psychological to buy more. health (Sharkey4.8 20.5 et al, 2011;69.6 5.1 All Students by BMI Category WithinMcLaughlin the past et 12al, months,2012). the food I bought just didn’t last and I didn’t have money to get more. 3.4 16.5 75.8 4.3 Question Percent BMI Category Behavior Percent Within the past 12Often months, True I Never True All Students by Gender worried whether mySometimes food would True run Don’t Know BreakfastMeal PatternsConsumption (Past 7 Days) Obese/extremelyout before obese I got WSU money students to buy reportmore. the4.8 20.5 69.6 5.1 0 DaysAll Students per Week by BMI Category 15.4 15.5 14.4 17.1 Within the past 12 months, the food 60 highest ratesI ofbought never just eating didn’t lastbreakfast and I didn’t within the 1–3 Days per Week 30.8 30.1 25.8 42.9 have money to get more. 3.4 16.5 75.8 4.3 past seven days and of fast-food consumption once 50 55.6 4–7 Days per Week 53.8 54.4 59.8 40.0 BMI Category 51.3 Behavior Percent per week or more within the pastOften 12 Truemonths. Never True 40 Fast-Food Consumption (Past 12 Months) All Students by Gender Sometimes True Don’t Know 1–2Breakfast Times per Consumption Month or Less (Past 7 Days) 69.2 65.6 64.9 50.7 30 0 Days per Week 15.4 15.5 14.4 17.1 Percent Once per Week or More 30.8 34.4 35.1 49.3 60 Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumpton 1–3 Days per Week 30.8 30.1 25.8 42.9 20 25.6 23.7 —Past 30 Days 50 55.6 20.5 Underweight Overweight All Students 17.3 4–7 Days per Week 53.8 54.4 59.8 40.0 10 2.6 3.4 51.3 Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese 40 Fast-Food Consumption (Past 12 Months) 10 0 1–2 Times per Month or Less 69.2 65.6 64.9 50.7 30 Underweight Normal Overweight Obese/ 9.3 Percent Weight Extremely Obese Once per Week or More 30.8 34.4 35.1 49.3 Daily8 Sweetened Beverage8.7 Consumpton 20 —Past 30 Days Males 25.6Females23.7 20.5 Underweight Overweight All6 Students 17.3 10 2.6 3.4 Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese Percent 410 0 Underweight Normal Overweight Obese/ 9.3 Weight Extremely Obese 2 8 8.7 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption— A majority of WSU students report consuming fruits Males Females 6 Past Seven Days and vegetables0 1–4 times per day in the past seven BMI Category All Students by Gender Regular Soda Coffee Drinks Average BMI All Students with Sugar Percent All Students by Physical Activity Level and Gender days, with onlyFood4 13.4% Insecurity—Past consuming fruits 12 and Months vegetables 100 All Students 3.1% 13.4 10.0 14.1 five or more times per day. On average, male WSU 2 30 87.8 students consume fruits and vegetables 2.5 times Fruit80 and 84.8Vegetable Consumption— 84.1 17.3% BMI Range Weight Category Past Seven Days per day andIn female the0 1990s, WSU the students United States consume Department fruits ofand Agriculture (USDA) 26.7 26.8 Less Than 18.5 Underweight All60 Students by Gender developed a series of questionsRegular Soda designedCoffee to measure Drinks food insecurity. 26.1 25.2 25.4 24.9 vegetables The2.8 18-itemtimes Householdper day. Food Security Surveywith (HFSS) Sugar serves as the 20 18.5–24.9 Normal Weight standard for assessing household food security (Bickel et al, 2000). 23.4% 56.2% Percent 40100 In order to gain some insight into food insecurity among the college 25.0–29.9 Overweight 13.4 10.0 14.1 population, a validated two-question screening based on the HFSS Physicalwas selected Activity to appear Level—Past within the College Seven Student Days Health Survey 30.0–39.9 Obese All Students 87.8 BMI Average 2080 84.8 84.1 (Hager et al, 2010). These two questions inquire whether a household 10 40.0 and Greater Extremely Obese has been worried about having money to buy food, and whether there 1.8 2.2 1.8 have been times when members of the household went without food. 060 Underweight All Students Males Females StudentsFood security were asked is a necessary several questions component related to household to their andphysical personal

Percent activitywell-being. level. FoodThe surveyinsecurity, questions though thatit is conceptual,relate to recommendations measures 0 40 Normal Weight 5 or More Times per Day outlinedsomething by the different Centers from for Disease nutritional Control deprivation, and Prevention and can (CDC be )a are: None/Limited Moderate High InPhysical theprecursor past seven toActivity nutritional, days, how Level—Past manyhealth, minutes and developmental Seven did you spendDays problems doing the Overweight 1–4 Times per Day (Bickel et al, 2000). Mental and physical changes accompanying 20 followingAll Students activities? Males Females Obese/Extremely Obese 0 Times per Day inadequate• Strenuous food exercise intake (heart have beats a bearing rapidly) on learning, productivity, and• Moderate physical exerciseand psychological (not exhausting) health (Sharkey et al, 2011; 1.8 2.2 1.8 McLaughlin et al, 2012). 0 • Exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles BMI Category All Students Males Females TheStudents CDC recommends were asked thatseveral adults: questions related to their physical All Students activityAverage level. The BMIsurvey questions that relate to recommendations outlined•Question EngageAll by in Students the150 Centersminutes by Physical for of Diseasemoderate-intensity Activity Control Level and and physical Prevention GenderPercent activity (CDC) are: Food Insecurity—Past 125 or Months More Times per Day More than one every in week,four ( and25.3% engage) WSU in muscle-strengthening students report activities two All Students 1–4 Times per Day In Within orthe more past the days seven past a 12 weekdays, months, how(CDC, many I2015c). minutes did you spend doingResults the 3.1% worrying aboutfollowingworried whether whetheractivities? their my foodfood would would run run out Meal Patterns 0 Times per Day out Or • Strenuousbefore30 I got exercise money (heartto buy beats more. rapidly)4.8 20.5 69.6 5.1 All Students by BMI Category before they • hadEngage • Moderate money in 75 exercisetominutes buy more. (notof vigorous-intensity exhausting) Nearly one in physical activity every 17.3% BMI Range Weight Category Within week, • Exercises theand past engage to strengthen12 months,in muscle-strengthening orthe tone food your muscles activities two or more In the 1990s, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) five (19.9% I) daysbought report a week just experiencing didn’t (CDC, last2015c). and a food I didn’t shortage and developed a series of questions designed to measure food insecurity. Thehave CDC money recommends to get26.7 more. that26.1 adults: 26.8 Less Than 18.5 3.4 16.5 75.825.4Nutrition and Physical Activity 4.3 Underweight Or 25.2 24.9 Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months The 18-item Household Food Security Survey (HFSS) serves as the lacking money • Engage to buy20 in more 150 minutes within ofthe moderate-intensity past 12 months. physical activity 18.5–24.9 Normal Weight All Students by Gender standard for assessing household food security (Bickel et al, 2000). • Engage every inweek, an equivalent and engage mix in ofmuscle-strengthening moderate- and vigorous-intensity activities two 23.4% 56.2% BMI Category BehaviorIn order to gain some insight into food insecurity amongPercent the college aerobic or more activity days a andweekOften muscle-strengthening (CDC, True 2015c). Neveractivities True two or more 25.0–29.9 Overweight All Students by Gender population, a validated two-question screening based on the HFSS days a week (CDC, 2015c). was selected to appear within the College Student Health Survey Or Sometimes True Don’t Know 30.0–39.9 Obese 30 Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days) (Hager et al, 2010). These two questions inquire whether a household • Engage BMI Average 10 in 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity every 40.0 and Greater Extremely Obese 29.0 29.1 0 hasDays been per worriedWeek about having money 15.4to buy food,15.5 and 14.4whether 17.1there week, and engage in muscle-strengthening activities two or more 2560 27.8 have been times when members of the household went without food. days a week (CDC, 2015c). 1–3 Days per Week 30.8 30.1 25.8 42.9 Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months Or Underweight 2050 55.6 4–7Food Days security per Week is a necessary component53.8 to household54.4 and59.8 personal40.0 24.8% All Students by Gender well-being. Food insecurity, though it is conceptual, measures • Engage0 in an equivalent mix of moderate- and vigorous-intensity 51.3 aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening activities two or more Normal Weight Fast-Foodsomething Consumption different from (Past nutritional 12 Months) deprivation, and can be a None/Limited Moderate High 1540 precursor to nutritional, health, and developmental problems days a week (CDC, 2015c).

Overweight Percent 57.4% 30 1–2(Bickel Times et peral, 2000). Month Mental or Less and physical69.2 changes65.6 accompanying64.9 50.7 Males Females Obese/Extremely Obese 1030 inadequate food intake have a bearing on learning, productivity, 17.8% Percent 29.0 29.1 Onceand physicalper Week and or psychologicalMore health (Sharkey30.8 et34.4 al, 2011;35.1 49.3 Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumpton 25 27.8 McLaughlin et al, 2012). 205 25.6 —Past 30 Days 23.7 All Students 20 20.5 Underweight Overweight 24.8% 100 17.3 2.6 3.4 Question Normal Weight Obese/ExtremelyPercent Obese 15 All Students Males Females 10 None/Limited Moderate High

Percent 0 Within the past 12 months, I 57.4% worried whether my food would run 10 Underweight Normal Overweight Obese/ 17.8%9.3 Meal Patterns Weight Extremely Obese out before I got money to buy more. 4.8 20.5 69.6 5.1 8 8.7 All Students by BMI Category 5 Within the past 12 months, the food Males Females I bought just didn’t last and I didn’t have money to get more. 3.4 16.5 75.8 4.3 6 0

All Students Males Females Percent 4 None/Limited Moderate High BMI Category Behavior Percent Often True Never True All Students by Gender Sometimes True Don’t Know Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days) 2 Results 35 0 Days per Week 15.4 15.5 14.4 17.1 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption— 60 1–3 Days per Week 30.8 30.1 25.8 42.9 Past Seven Days 0 All Students by Gender Regular Soda Coffee Drinks 50 55.6 4–7 Days per Week 53.8 54.4 59.8 40.0 with Sugar 51.3 Fast-Food Consumption (Past 12 Months) 100 40 13.4 10.0 14.1 1–2 Times per Month or Less 69.2 65.6 64.9 50.7 30 80 84.8 87.8 Percent Once per Week or More 30.8 34.4 35.1 49.3 Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumpton 84.1 20 25.6 23.7 —Past60 30 Days 20.5 Underweight Overweight All Students 10 17.3 2.6 3.4 Normal Weight Obese/Extremely Obese Percent 1040 0 Physical Activity Level—Past Seven Days Underweight Normal Overweight Obese/ 20 9.3 All Students Weight Extremely Obese 8 8.7 1.8 2.2 1.8 Males Females 6 0 All Students Males Females Students were asked several questions related to their physical activity level. The survey questions that relate to recommendations Percent 4 5 or More Times per Day outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are: 1–4 Times per Day In the past seven days, how many minutes did you spend doing the following activities? 2 0 Times per Day • Strenuous exercise (heart beats rapidly) • Moderate exercise (not exhausting) Fruit and Vegetable Consumption— • Exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles Past Seven Days 0 All Students by Gender Regular Soda Coffee Drinks The CDC recommends that adults: with Sugar • Engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity 100 every week, and engage in muscle-strengthening activities two 13.4 10.0 14.1 or more days a week (CDC, 2015c). Or 87.8 80 84.8 84.1 • Engage in 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity every week, and engage in muscle-strengthening activities two or more days a week (CDC, 2015c). 60 Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months Or All Students by Gender

Percent • Engage in an equivalent mix of moderate- and vigorous-intensity 40 aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening activities two or more Physical Activity Level—Past Seven Days days a week (CDC, 2015c). 2030 All Students 29.0 29.1 25 1.8 27.82.2 1.8 0 20 All Students Males Females Students were asked several questions related to their physical 24.8% activity level. The survey questions that relate to recommendations 5 or More Times per Day outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are: 15 In the past seven days, how many minutes did you spend doing the Percent 1–4 Times per Day 57.4% following activities? 10 0 Times per Day • Strenuous exercise (heart beats rapidly) 17.8% • Moderate exercise (not exhausting) 5 • Exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles The CDC recommends that adults: 0 • Engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity All Students Males Females every week, and engage in muscle-strengthening activities two None/Limited Moderate High or more days a week (CDC, 2015c). Or • Engage in 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity every week, and engage in muscle-strengthening activities two or more days a week (CDC, 2015c). Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months Or All Students by Gender • Engage in an equivalent mix of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity and muscle-strengthening activities two or more days a week (CDC, 2015c). 30 29.0 25 27.8 29.1

20 24.8%

15

Percent 57.4% 10 17.8%

5

0 All Students Males Females None/Limited Moderate High All StudentsAll by Gender Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12Months All StudentsAll by Gender BMI Category Percent Percent All Students BMI Category 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 15 20 25 30 23.4% 0 0 5 17.3% newih Normal Underweight 2.6 All Students 29.0 3.1% 3.4 56.2% 51.3 Obese/Extremely Obese Overweight Normal Weight Underweight Weight Males 55.6 BMI Range 40.0 and Greater40.0 and 30.0–39.9 25.0–29.9 18.5–24.9 18.5 Less Than Males 27.8 25.6 vregtObese/ Overweight Females 23.7 Weight Category Extremely Obese Obese Overweight Normal Weight Underweight Extremely Obese Females 20.5 29.1 17.3 Once perWeek orMore 1–2 TimesperMonth orLess Fast-Food Consumption (Past 12Months) 4–7 Days perWeek 1–3 Days perWeek 0 Days perWeek Breakfast Consumption (Past 7Days) Behavior All StudentsAll by BMICategory Meal Patterns

Percent StudentsAll by Gender Past Seven Days Fruit andVegetable Consumption— 100 20 40 60 80 0 All StudentsAll by Gender Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months All StudentsAll by Gender Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months All StudentsAll by Gender BMI Category Percent All Students BMI Category All StudentsAll by Gender BMI Category Percent Percent Percent All Students BMI Category All Students 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 15 20 25 30 23.4% 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 15 20 25 30 23.4% 0 0 5 0 Normal Weight Underweight 0 5 13.4 84.8 17.3% 17.3% 1.8 newih Normal Underweight newih Normal Underweight 2.6 2.6 All Students All Students 29.0 3.1% 29.0 3.1% 3.4 3.4 56.2% 56.2% 5 orMore Times perDay 0 TimesperDay 1–4 TimesperDay 51.3 51.3 Obese/Extremely Obese Overweight Normal Weight Underweight Obese/Extremely Obese Overweight Normal Weight Underweight Overweight Males Obese/Extremely Obese Weight 10.0 87.8 Weight 2.2 30.8 69.2 53.8 30.8 15.4 Males 55.6 Males 55.6 BMI Range 40.0 and Greater40.0 and 30.0–39.9 25.0–29.9 18.5–24.9 18.5 Less Than BMI Range 40.0 and Greater40.0 and 30.0–39.9 25.0–29.9 18.5–24.9 18.5 Less Than Males 27.8 Males 27.8 34.4 65.6 54.4 30.1 15.5 Percent 25.6 vregtObese/ Overweight 25.6 vregtObese/ Overweight Females Females 35.1 64.9 59.8 25.8 14.4 23.7 Females 23.7 14.1 84.1 1.8 Weight Category Extremely Obese Obese Overweight Normal Weight Underweight Weight Category Extremely Obese Obese Overweight Normal Weight Underweight 49.3 50.7 40.0 42.9 17.1 Extremely Obese Extremely Obese Females Females 20.5 20.5 29.1 29.1 17.3 17.3 All Students Physical Activity Level—Past Seven Days days aweek (CDC, 2015c). aerobic muscle-strengthening activityand activities twoor more •Engagean equivalent in mixofmoderate-vigorous-intensity and Or days aweek (CDC, 2015c). week,engage and muscle-strengthening in activities two ormore •Engage75 minutes in ofvigorous-intensity physical activity every Or ormore days aweek (CDC, 2015c). every week,engage and inmuscle-strengthening activities two •Engage150 minutes in ofmoderate-intensity physical activity recommendsThe CDC that adults: •Exercises to strengthen ortone your muscles •Moderate exerciseexhausting) (not •Strenuous exercise (heartbeats rapidly) following activities? In thepast seven days, how many minutes didyou spendthe doing outlined by the Centers for DiseaseControl andPrevention ( activity level. Thesurvey questions that relate to recommendations Students were asked several questions related to their physical Percent All Students —Past 30Days Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumpton McLaughlin et al,2012). and physical and psychological health (Sharkey et al, 2011; inadequate food intake have productivity, a bearing onlearning, (Bickel et al, 2000).Mental and physical changes accompanying precursor to nutritional, health, anddevelopmental problems something different from deprivation, nutritional and canbea well-being. Food insecurity, conceptual, thoughitis measures Food component security isanecessary to householdandpersonal have been times whenmembers ofthe household went without food. has been worried abouthaving money to food, buy andwhether there (Hager et al,2010).These two questions inquire whether ahousehold was selected to appearwithinthe College Student Health Survey population, a validated two-question screening based onthe HFSS In order to gain some insight into food insecurity amongthecollege standard for assessing householdfood security (Bickel et al, 2000). The 18-item HouseholdFood SecuritySurvey (HFSS) serves asthe developed aseries ofquestions designed to measure food insecurity. In the1990s, theUnited States Department ofAgriculture (USDA) All Students Food Insecurity—Past 12Months Question have money to get more. I bought just last didn’t I didn’t and the pastWithin 12months, thefood beforeout Igot money to buymore. worried whether my foodwould run the pastWithin 12months, I 10 0 2 4 6 8 Once perWeek orMore 1–2 TimesperMonth orLess Fast-Food Consumption (Past 12Months) 4–7 Days perWeek 1–3 Days perWeek 0 Days perWeek Breakfast Consumption (Past 7Days) Behavior All StudentsAll by BMICategory Meal Patterns Once perWeek orMore 1–2 TimesperMonth orLess Fast-Food Consumption (Past 12Months) 4–7 Days perWeek 1–3 Days perWeek 0 Days perWeek Breakfast Consumption (Past 7Days) Behavior All StudentsAll by BMICategory Meal Patterns All StudentsAll by Gender Past Seven Days Fruit andVegetable Consumption— Percent Percent StudentsAll by Gender Past Seven Days Fruit andVegetable Consumption— 100 100 20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 0 0

None/Limited Nutrition and Physical Activity Results All Students Sometimes True Often True All Students 36 Regular Soda Normal Weight Underweight Normal Weight Underweight 57.4% 13.4 84.8 13.4 84.8 1.8 1.8 8.7 Nearly three-fifths ( moderate- andvigorous-intensity physical activity. the CDC’s recommended level ofphysical activity for moderate, orhigh).Thehighclassification meets into oneofthree physical activitylevels (none/limited, Based ontheirresponses, students were classified beverages, Asked to report theirconsumption of sweetened past seven days. engaging inahighlevel ofphysical activity inthe activity and female WSU students who report students whoreport amoderate level ofphysical Body massindex islowest amongmaleWSU CDC’sclassification, meeting the recommendations. levels ofphysical activitythat placetheminthehigh the past seven days. consuming coffee drinks withsugar every day in Moderate 24.8% 17.8% 5 orMore Times perDay 0 TimesperDay 1–4 TimesperDay 5 orMore Times perDay 0 TimesperDay 1–4 TimesperDay Coffee Drinks 3.4 4.8 with Sugar 9.3% Never True Don’t Know 9.3 Overweight Males Obese/Extremely Obese 10.0 87.8 Overweight Males Obese/Extremely Obese 10.0 87.8 2.2 2.2 30.8 69.2 53.8 30.8 15.4 30.8 69.2 53.8 30.8 15.4 ofWSU students report 16.5 20.5 Percent 57.4% High 34.4 65.6 54.4 30.1 15.5 34.4 65.6 54.4 30.1 15.5 75.8 69.6 Percent CDC) are: ) ofWSU students report Percent 35.1 64.9 59.8 25.8 14.4 35.1 64.9 59.8 25.8 14.4 Females 4.3 5.1 Females 14.1 84.1 14.1 84.1 1.8 1.8 49.3 50.7 40.0 42.9 17.1 49.3 50.7 40.0 42.9 17.1 All Students Physical Activity Level—Past Seven Days days aweek (CDC, 2015c). aerobic muscle-strengthening activityand activities twoor more •Engagean equivalent in mixofmoderate-vigorous-intensity and Or days aweek (CDC, 2015c). week,engage and muscle-strengthening in activities two ormore •Engage75 minutes in ofvigorous-intensity physical activity every Or ormore days aweek (CDC, 2015c). every week,engage and inmuscle-strengthening activities two •Engage150 minutes in ofmoderate-intensity physical activity recommendsThe CDC that adults: •Exercises to strengthen ortone your muscles •Moderate exerciseexhausting) (not •Strenuous exercise (heart beats rapidly) following activities? In thepast seven days, how many minutes didyou spendthe doing outlined by the Centers for DiseaseControl andPrevention ( activity level. Thesurvey questions that relate to recommendations Students were asked several questions related to their physical All Students Physical Activity Level—Past Seven Days All Students —Past 30Days Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumpton days aweek (CDC, 2015c). aerobic muscle-strengthening activityand activities twoor more •Engagean equivalent in mixofmoderate-vigorous-intensity and Or days aweek (CDC, 2015c). week,engage and muscle-strengthening in activities two ormore •Engage75 minutes in ofvigorous-intensity physical activity every Or ormore days aweek (CDC, 2015c). every week,engage and inmuscle-strengthening activities two •Engage150 minutes in ofmoderate-intensity physical activity recommendsThe CDC that adults: •Exercises to strengthen ortone your muscles •Moderate exerciseexhausting) (not •Strenuous exercise (heart beats rapidly) following activities? In thepast seven days, how many minutes didyou spendthe doing outlined by the Centers for DiseaseControl andPrevention ( activity level. Thesurvey questions that relate to recommendations Students were asked several questions related to their physical All StudentsAll by Physical ActivityLevel Gender and Average BMI Average BMI Percent Percent All Students —Past 30Days Daily Sweetened Beverage Consumpton McLaughlin et al,2012). and physical andpsychological health(Sharkey et al,2011; inadequate food intake have productivity, abearing onlearning, (Bickel et al, 2000).Mental andphysical changes accompanying precursor to nutritional, health, anddevelopmental problems something different from deprivation, nutritional and canbea well-being. Food insecurity, conceptual, thoughitis measures Food component security isanecessary to householdandpersonal have been times whenmembers ofthe household went without food. has been worried abouthaving money to food, buy andwhether there (Hager et al,2010).These two questions inquire whether ahousehold was selected to appearwithinthe College Student Health Survey population, a validated two-question screening based onthe HFSS In order to gain some insight into food insecurity amongthecollege standard for assessing householdfood security (Bickel et al, 2000). The 18-item HouseholdFood SecuritySurvey (HFSS) serves asthe developed aseries ofquestions designed to measure food insecurity. In the1990s, theUnited States Department ofAgriculture (USDA) All Students Food Insecurity—Past 12Months Question have money to get more. I bought just last didn’t I didn’t and the pastWithin 12months, thefood beforeout Igot money to buymore. worried whether my foodwould run the pastWithin 12months, I McLaughlin et al,2012). and physical andpsychological health(Sharkey et al,2011; inadequate food intake have productivity, abearing onlearning, (Bickel et al, 2000). Mental andphysical changes accompanying precursor to nutritional, health, anddevelopmental problems something different from deprivation, nutritional and canbea well-being. Food insecurity, conceptual, thoughitis measures Food component security isanecessary to householdandpersonal have been times whenmembers ofthe household went without food. has been worried abouthaving money to food, buy andwhether there (Hager et al,2010).These two questions inquire whether ahousehold was selected to appearwithinthe College Student Health Survey population, a validated two-question screening based onthe HFSS In order to gain some insight into food insecurity amongthecollege standard for assessing householdfood security (Bickel et al, 2000). The 18-item HouseholdFood SecuritySurvey (HFSS) serves asthe developed aseries ofquestions designed to measure food insecurity. In the1990s, theUnited States Department ofAgriculture (USDA) All Students Food Insecurity—Past 12Months 10 Question have money to get more. I bought just last didn’t I didn’t and the pastWithin 12months, thefood beforeout Igot money to buymore. worried whether my foodwould run the pastWithin 12months, I 10 20 30 10 0 2 4 6 8 0 0 2 4 6 8 26.7 oeLmtdModerate None/Limited None/Limited None/Limited 26.1 Sometimes True Often True Sometimes True Often True Regular Soda Regular Soda 57.4% 57.4% 8.7 8.7 Males 25.2 Moderate 24.8% Moderate 24.8% 17.8% 17.8% 26.8 Coffee Drinks Coffee Drinks 3.4 4.8 with Sugar 3.4 4.8 with Sugar Females Never True Don’t Know 9.3 Never True Don’t Know 9.3 16.5 20.5 16.5 20.5 Percent Percent 25.4 High High 75.8 69.6 High 75.8 69.6 CDC) are: CDC) are: 24.9 4.3 5.1 4.3 5.1 All StudentsAll by Physical ActivityLevel Gender and Average BMI Average BMI Average BMI StudentsAll by Physical ActivityLevel Gender and Average BMI 10 20 30 10 20 30 0 0 26.7 oeLmtdModerate None/Limited 26.7 oeLmtdModerate None/Limited 26.1 26.1 Males Males 25.2 25.2 26.8 26.8 Females Females 25.4 25.4 High High 24.9 24.9 Results Sexual Health 37 National Comparison National 20–24, 18–19 and males ages Among active. sexually are States in the United adults The majority of young within their lifetime, vaginal intercourse in engaged have they report that 60.9% and 70.3% respectively, and 9.7% sex, a partner of the opposite from sex oral received have they that 59.4% and 73.5% report et al, 2010). Among (Herbenick anal intercourse in insertive engaged have they that and 23.7% report vaginal in engaged have they report that 64.0% and 85.6% and 20–24, respectively, 18–19 ages females a partner from sex oral received have they that report 62.0% and 79.7% within their lifetime, intercourse (Herbenick et in anal intercourse engaged have they that and 20.0% and 39.9% report sex, of the opposite males and 36.7% 24-year-old 42.6% of 18- to event, intercourse vaginal recent al, 2010). During their most 2010). al, et (Sanders used a condom females 24-year-old of 18- to are young adults active reasons, sexually and cultural biological, of behavioral, a combination Due to prevalence 2015d). The higher (STIs) (CDC, infections transmitted acquiring sexually risk for increased at services: prevention STI to accessing quality multiple barriers adults reflects among young of STIs Among all males, 2015d). (CDC, confidentiality concerns about and lack of transportation, pay, ability to gonorrhea per 100,000 people) and (1,467.8 cases of chlamydia rate the highest have 24-year-olds 20- to per 100,000 people) (35.7 cases of syphilis rate highest per 100,000 people) and the second (539.1 cases (3,730.3 cases of chlamydia rates the highest have 24-year-olds 20- to 2015d). Among all females, (CDC, per 100,000 (5.1 cases per 100,000 people), and syphilis (546.9 cases per 100,000 people), gonorrhea 2015d). people) (CDC, Sexual Health Sexual to health. Choices relating sexual concern students college decisions facing important Some of the most People Healthy consequences. often long-term, and for significant, the potential have behavior sexual improving that states the health of all Americans, improving for agenda 10-year 2020, a science-based, infertility, diseases and infectious of rates reducing health disparities, eliminating health is crucial to sexual 2016). stability (USDHHS, opportunities, and financial career attainment, educational and increasing Results Pregnancy Prevention Methods Sexually Active—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime All Students by Gender Pregnancy Prevention Methods Sexually80 Active—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime Pregnancy Prevention Methods Percent Who Report Compared to female students, male students AllSexually Students Active—Lifetimeby Gender and Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime All Students by Gender Type of Method Using Method 73.5 75.0 73.7 attending Winona State University report higher 69.6 Birth Control Pills 51.1 6080 67.8 Percent Who Report rates of sexual activity within their lifetime and 80 59.5 Condoms 48.9 Type of Method PercentUsing Who Method Report within the past 12 months. 73.5 75.0 73.7 Depo-ProveraType of Method (Shots) Using4.0 Method 4060 75.0 69.6 Birth Control Pills 51.1 Percent 73.5 73.7 67.8 69.6 DiaphragmBirth Control and Pills Spermicide 60 59.5 67.8 Condoms 0.348.951.1 59.5 EmergencyCondoms Contraception 1.948.9 2040 Depo-Provera (Shots) 4.0

Percent FertilityDepo-Provera Awareness (Shots) 40 Diaphragm and Spermicide 2.20.34.0 Percent ImplanonDiaphragm (Hormone and Spermicide Implant) 7.80.3 020 Emergency Contraception 1.9 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months IntrauterineEmergency Device Contraception 10.9 20 Fertility Awareness 2.21.9 NuvaRingFertility Awareness 1.6 All Students Males Females Implanon (Hormone Implant) 2.2 0 7.8 PatchImplanon (Hormone Implant) 0.3 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Intrauterine Device 10.97.8 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months SterilizationIntrauterine (Hysterectomy, Device Vasectomy) 0.010.9 All Students Males Females NuvaRing 1.6 WithdrawalNuvaRing 27.71.6 All Students Males Females Patch 0.3 OtherPatch 0.60.3 Sterilization (Hysterectomy, Vasectomy) 0.0 Don’tSterilization Know/Can’t (Hysterectomy, Remember Vasectomy) 0.60.0 Withdrawal 27.7 ReportWithdrawal Not Using any 27.7 MethodOther of Pregnancy Prevention 2.50.6 Number of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months Other 0.6 All Students Don’t Know/Can’t Remember 0.6 Don’t Know/Can’t Remember Report Not Using any 0.6 MethodReport Not of Pregnancy Using any Prevention 2.5 More than eight in ten (80.2%) WSU students Number50 of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months Method of Pregnancy Prevention 2.5 AllNumber Students of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months report having 0–1 sexual partners within the past All Students 40 12 months. On average, WSU students who were 50 40.5 39.7 Unintended Pregnancy Outcome— 50 Past 12 Months sexually active in the past 12 months had 2.4 sexual 30 All Students 40

partners in that period. Percent 2040 40.5 39.7 Unintended0.2% Pregnancy Outcome— 40.5 39.7 PastUnintended 12 Months Pregnancy 0.0%Outcome— 30 AllPast Students0.4% 12 Months 1030 All Students

Percent 4.0 4.0 20 2.6 2.7 0.2% Percent 0.0% 20 6.5 0.2% 0 0.4% 0.0% 0.4% 100.0% 10 0 1 2 4.03 4 5 6+4.0 99.4% 100.0% 10 Number of Partners2.6 2.7 6.5 4.0 2.6 2.7 4.0 0 6.5 100.0% 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 99.4% 100.0% 100.0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Involved Unintentional Still Pregnant Number of Partners in 99.4%Pregnancy 100.0% Number of Partners Intentional Not Involved in Pregnancy Involved Unintentional Still Pregnant Don’tin Pregnancy Know Involved IntentionalUnintentional Still Pregnant in Pregnancy Not Involved Intentional inNot Pregnancy Involved Don’tin Pregnancy Know Among WSU students who report being sexually Most Recent Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months Don’t Know Sexually Active Students active within the past 12 months, more than three

in four (76.2%) report that their most recent Most Recent0.7% Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months Most1.0% Recent Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months Sexually Active Female Students sexual partner was either a fiancé(e)/spouse or an Sexually Active Students 5.8% exclusive dating partner. Fiancé(e)/Spouse Results 0.7%6.1% Emergency0.0% Contraception Use—Past0.0% 12 Months 1.0% Exclusive Dating Partner Sexually Active Female Students 0.7% 2.3% 4.7% 16.3% Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months 1.0%5.8% Close but Not Sexually Active Female Students 5.8% ExclusiveFiancé(e)/Spouse Dating Partner 19.1% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% ExclusiveFiancé(e)/Spouse Dating Partner 6.1% Casual Acquaintance 70.1% 0.0% 2.3%0.0%4.7% 16.3% Exclusive Dating Partner StrangerClose but Not 30.2%2.3% 4.7% 16.3% Exclusive Dating Partner 19.1% OtherClose but Not 62.8% Sexual Health Sexual Exclusive Dating Partner 80.9% 19.1% 70.1% Casual Acquaintance 70.1% StrangerCasual Acquaintance 30.2% OtherStranger 30.2% 62.8% 80.9% 62.8% Other 80.9% Used Emergency Contraception 1 Time Did Not Use 2 Times Emergency Contraception 3 Times Don’tUsed Know Emergency Contraception 1 Time 4 1Times Time DidUsed Not Emergency Use Contraception 2 Times Emergency Contraception 5+ Times Condom Use Did Not Use 32 Times Emergency Contraception Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime Don’t Know 3 Times (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or Don’t Know 4 Times With a Domestic Partner) 4 Times Condom Use 5+ Times 38 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State UniversitySexually Students Active Students Within Lifetime 5+ Times 100Condom Use (DoesSexually Not Active Include Students Those WhoWithin Are Lifetime Married or 14.1 With(Does a Not Domestic Include51.0 Partner)Those Who Are 35.6Married or 1.6 With80 a Domestic Partner) 100 84.3 100 2.2 14.1 60 51.0 35.6 14.1 51.0 35.6 1.6 80 0.7 62.2 1.6 Percent 80 84.3 40 48.3 84.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis— 60 2.2 Lifetime and Past 12 Months 2.2 All Students 2060 0.7 62.2 Percent 40 0.7 62.2 Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis—

Percent 48.3 40 48.3 LifetimeSexually Transmittedand Past 12 InfectionMonths Percent Diagnosis— Who Report 0 All Students Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex SexuallyLifetime Transmitted and Past Infection 12 Months Being Diagnosed 20 All Students 20 Chlamydia Used a Condom 6.9 4.0 Percent Who Report 0 Genital Herpes 1.9 1.3 0 Vaginal Intercourse Don’tAnal KnowIntercourse Oral Sex Sexually Transmitted Infection Percent Being DiagnosedWho Report GenitalSexually Warts/HPV Transmitted Infection Being Diagnosed Vaginal Intercourse DidAnal Not Intercourse Use a Condom Oral Sex Chlamydia 0.6 0.6 Used a Condom 6.9 4.0 GonorrheaChlamydia 0.36.9 0.34.0 Don’tUsed aKnow Condom Genital Herpes 1.9 1.3 HIV/AIDSGenital Herpes 0.01.9 0.01.3 DidDon’t Not Know Use a Condom Genital Warts/HPV 0.6 0.6 PubicGenital Lice Warts/HPV 0.0 0.00.6 Did Not Use a Condom Gonorrhea 0.30.6 0.3 SyphilisGonorrhea 0.0 0.00.3 HIV/AIDS 0.00.3 0.0 AtHIV/AIDS Least One of the Above 0.0 0.0 SexuallyPubic Lice Transmitted Infections 9.30.0 5.90.0 Pubic Lice Syphilis 0.0 0.0 Syphilis 0.0 0.0 At Least One ofWithin the Above Lifetime Within Past 12 Months SexuallyAt Least TransmittedOne of the Above Infections 9.3 5.9 Sexually Transmitted Infections 9.3 5.9 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Pregnancy Prevention Methods Sexually Active—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime All Students by Gender

80 Percent Who Report Type of Method Using Method 73.5 75.0 73.7 60 69.6 67.8 Birth Control Pills 51.1 59.5 Condoms 48.9 40 Depo-Provera (Shots) 4.0 Percent Diaphragm and Spermicide 0.3 20 Emergency Contraception 1.9 Fertility Awareness 2.2 Implanon (Hormone Implant) 0 7.8 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Intrauterine Device 10.9 All Students Males Females NuvaRing 1.6 Patch 0.3 Sterilization (Hysterectomy, Vasectomy) 0.0 Withdrawal 27.7 Other 0.6 Don’t Know/Can’t Remember 0.6 Report Not Using any Method of Pregnancy Prevention 2.5 Number of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months All Students

50

40 40.5 39.7 Unintended Pregnancy Outcome— Past 12 Months 30 All Students

Percent 20 0.2% 0.0% 0.4% 10 4.0 2.6 2.7 4.0 6.5 0 100.0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 99.4% 100.0% Number of Partners

Involved Unintentional Still Pregnant in Pregnancy Intentional Not Involved in Pregnancy Don’t Know

Most Recent Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students

0.7% Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months 1.0% Sexually Active Female Students 5.8% Fiancé(e)/Spouse 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% Exclusive Dating Partner 2.3% 4.7% 16.3% Close but Not Exclusive Dating Partner 19.1% 70.1% Casual Acquaintance Stranger 30.2% 62.8% Other 80.9%

Used Emergency Contraception 1 Time Did Not Use 2 Times Emergency Contraception 3 Times Don’t Know 4 Times 5+ Times Condom Use Among WSU students who report being sexually active Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or within their lifetime,51.0% used a condom the last With a Domestic Partner) time they engaged in vaginal intercourse, 35.6% 100 14.1 used a condom during the last time they had anal 51.0 35.6 1.6 intercourse, and 14.1% used a condom during their 80 84.3 last oral sex experience. Percentages are based solely 2.2 60 on those who indicated they engaged in the activity. 0.7 62.2 Percent 40 48.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis— Additional analysisLifetime shows that and of thePast 73.5%12 Monthsof WSU All Students 20 students who report being sexually active within their

0 lifetime, 94.0% have engaged in vaginal intercourse, Percent Who Report Sexually Transmitted Infection Being Diagnosed Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex 96.2% have engaged in oral sex, and 28.4% have Chlamydia 6.9 4.0 Used a Condom engaged in anal intercourse. Don’t Know Genital Herpes 1.9 1.3 Did Not Use a Condom Genital Warts/HPV 0.6 0.6 Gonorrhea 0.3 0.3 HIV/AIDS 0.0 0.0 Pubic Lice 0.0 0.0 Syphilis 0.0 0.0 Pregnancy Prevention Methods Sexually Active—Lifetime and Past 12 Months PregnancySexually Active Prevention Students Within MethodsLifetime The two methodsAt that Least WSU One students of the Above report using SexuallyAll Students Active—Lifetime by Gender and Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime Sexually Transmitted Infections 9.3 5.9 All Students by Gender most commonly to prevent pregnancy the last time Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months 80 they engaged in vaginal intercourse are birth control 80 Percent Who Report Type of Method PercentUsing Who Method Report pills (51.1%) and condoms (48.9%). 75.0 Type of Method Using Method 73.5 75.0 73.7 60 73.5 73.7 69.6 67.8 Birth Control Pills 51.1 60 69.6 67.8 Birth Control Pills 51.1 59.5 Condoms 48.9 59.5 Condoms 48.9 Depo-Provera (Shots) 4.0 40 Depo-Provera (Shots) Percent 40 4.0

Percent Diaphragm and Spermicide 0.3 Diaphragm and Spermicide 0.3 20 Emergency Contraception 1.9 20 Emergency Contraception 1.9 Fertility Awareness 2.2 Fertility Awareness 2.2 Implanon (Hormone Implant) 7.8 0 Implanon (Hormone Implant) 7.8 0 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Intrauterine Device 10.9 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Intrauterine Device 10.9 All Students Males Females NuvaRing 1.6 All Students Males Females NuvaRing 1.6 Patch 0.3 Patch 0.3 Sterilization (Hysterectomy, Vasectomy) 0.0 Sterilization (Hysterectomy, Vasectomy) 0.0 Withdrawal 27.7 Withdrawal 27.7 Other 0.6 Other 0.6 Don’t Know/Can’t Remember 0.6 Don’t Know/Can’t Remember 0.6 Report Not Using any ReportMethod Not of UsingPregnancy any Prevention 2.5 Results Number of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months Method of Pregnancy Prevention 2.5 NumberAll Students of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months All Students

50

50 Sexual Health

40 40 40.5 39.7 Unintended Pregnancy Outcome— A total of 0.2% of WSU students report being 40.5 39.7 UnintendedPast 12 Months Pregnancy Outcome— 30 PastAll Students 12 Months involved in a pregnancy within the past 12 months. 30 All Students

Percent Of these students, 100.0% state the pregnancy

Percent 20 0.2% 20 0.2% 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% was unintentional. Among the unintentional 0.4% 10 4.0 4.0 pregnancies, 100.0% are still pregnant. 10 4.0 2.6 2.7 4.0 6.5 2.6 2.7 6.5 0 100.0% 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 99.4% 100.0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 100.0% Number of Partners 99.4% 100.0% Number of Partners

Involved Unintentional Still Pregnant Involvedin Pregnancy Unintentional Still Pregnant in Pregnancy Intentional Not Involved Intentional Notin Pregnancy Involved in Pregnancy Don’t Know Don’t Know Results 39

Most Recent Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months MostSexually Recent Active StudentsSexual Partner—Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students

0.7% Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months 1.0%0.7% Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months 1.0% Sexually Active Female Students 5.8% Sexually Active Female Students 5.8% Fiancé(e)/Spouse 6.1% Fiancé(e)/Spouse 0.0% 0.0% 6.1% Exclusive Dating Partner 0.0% 0.0% Exclusive Dating Partner 2.3% 4.7% 16.3% 2.3% 4.7% 16.3% Close but Not CloseExclusive but NotDating Partner 19.1% Exclusive Dating Partner 19.1% Casual Acquaintance 70.1% Casual Acquaintance 70.1% Stranger 30.2% Stranger 30.2% 62.8% Other 80.9% 62.8% Other 80.9%

Used Emergency Contraception 1 Time Used Emergency Contraception 1 Time Did Not Use 2 Times DidEmergency Not Use Contraception 2 Times Emergency Contraception 3 Times Don’t Know 3 Times Don’t Know 4 Times 4 Times 5+ Times Condom Use 5+ Times CondomSexually Active Use Students Within Lifetime Sexually(Does Not Active Include Students Those WhoWithin Are Lifetime Married or (DoesWith aNot Domestic Include ThosePartner) Who Are Married or With a Domestic Partner)

100 100 14.1 51.0 35.6 14.1 51.0 35.6 1.6 80 1.6 80 84.3 84.3 2.2 60 2.2 60 0.7 62.2

Percent 0.7 62.2

Percent 40 48.3 Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis— 40 48.3 SexuallyLifetime Transmitted and Past 12 InfectionMonths Diagnosis— LifetimeAll Students and Past 12 Months 20 All Students 20

0 Percent Who Report 0 Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex Sexually Transmitted Infection Percent Being Who Diagnosed Report Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex Sexually Transmitted Infection Being Diagnosed Chlamydia 6.9 4.0 Used a Condom Chlamydia Used a Condom 6.9 4.0 Don’t Know Genital Herpes 1.9 1.3 Don’t Know Genital Herpes 1.9 1.3 Did Not Use a Condom Genital Warts/HPV 0.6 0.6 Did Not Use a Condom Genital Warts/HPV 0.6 0.6 Gonorrhea 0.3 0.3 Gonorrhea 0.3 0.3 HIV/AIDS 0.0 0.0 HIV/AIDS 0.0 0.0 Pubic Lice 0.0 0.0 Pubic Lice 0.0 0.0 Syphilis 0.0 0.0 Syphilis 0.0 0.0 At Least One of the Above AtSexually Least One Transmitted of the Above Infections 9.3 5.9 Sexually Transmitted Infections 9.3 5.9 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Pregnancy Prevention Methods Sexually Active—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime All Students by Gender

80 Pregnancy Prevention Methods Sexually Active—Lifetime and Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime Percent Who Report All Students by Gender Type of Method Using Method 73.5 75.0 73.7 60 69.6 67.8 Birth Control Pills 51.1 80 Condoms 59.5 Percent48.9 Who Report Depo-ProveraType of Method (Shots) Using4.0 Method 40 73.5 75.0 73.7 Percent 60 69.6 67.8 DiaphragmBirth Control and Pills Spermicide 51.10.3 59.5 Condoms 20 Emergency Contraception 48.91.9 40 FertilityDepo-Provera Awareness (Shots) 2.24.0 Percent ImplanonDiaphragm (Hormone and Spermicide Implant) 0 7.80.3 20 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months IntrauterineEmergency Contraception Device 10.91.9 All Students Males Females NuvaRingFertility Awareness 1.62.2 Implanon (Hormone Implant) 0 Patch 0.37.8 Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months SterilizationIntrauterine (Hysterectomy,Device Vasectomy) 10.90.0 All Students Males Females WithdrawalNuvaRing 27.71.6 OtherPatch 0.60.3 Don’tSterilization Know/Can’t (Hysterectomy, Remember Vasectomy) 0.60.0 ReportWithdrawal Not Using any 27.7 Method of Pregnancy Prevention 2.5 Number of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months Other 0.6 All Students Don’t Know/Can’t Remember 0.6 Report Not Using any 50 Method of Pregnancy Prevention 2.5 Number of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months All Students 40 40.5 39.7 Unintended Pregnancy Outcome— 50 Past 12 Months 30 All Students

Percent 40 20 0.2% 40.5 Unintended Pregnancy Outcome—0.0% 39.7 0.4% 30 Past 12 Months 10 All Students 4.0 2.6 2.7 4.0 Percent 20 6.5 0.2% 0 0.0% 100.0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ 0.4%99.4% 100.0% 10 Number4.0 of Partners2.6 2.7 4.0 6.5 0 100.0% 0 1 2 3 4 5 6+ Involved99.4% Unintentional Still Pregnant in Pregnancy 100.0% Number of Partners Intentional Not Involved in Pregnancy Don’tInvolved Know Unintentional Still Pregnant in Pregnancy Intentional Not Involved in Pregnancy Most Recent Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months Don’t Know Sexually Active Students

0.7% Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months Most Recent1.0% Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months Sexually Active Students Sexually Active Female Students 5.8% Fiancé(e)/Spouse 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7% Among sexuallyExclusive active Datingfemale Partnerstudents at Emergency Contraception Use—Past2.3% 4.7% 12 Months 1.0% 16.3% Close but Not Sexually Active Female Students 5.8% Winona State University,Exclusive Dating 19.1% Partner report using 19.1% Fiancé(e)/Spouse 6.1% emergency contraceptionCasual Acquaintance within the past 0.0% 0.0% 70.1% Exclusive Dating Partner 2.3% 4.7% 12 months. AmongStranger these students, 30.2% 16.3% Close but Not 62.8% Other 62.8% have used it once,Exclusive 30.2% Dating have Partner used it twice, 80.9%19.1% Casual Acquaintance 70.1% and 7.0% have used it at least three times. Stranger 30.2% 62.8% Other 80.9% Used Emergency Contraception 1 Time Did Not Use 2 Times Emergency Contraception 3 Times Don’t Know Used Emergency Contraception 41 TimesTime Did Not Use 5+2 Times Times Condom Use Emergency Contraception Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime 3 Times (Does Not Include Those Who Are Married or Don’t Know With a Domestic Partner) 4 Times Condom Use 5+ Times 100 Sexually Active Students Within Lifetime 14.1 (Does Not Include51.0 Those Who Are Married35.6 or With a Domestic Partner) 1.6 80 84.3 100 60 2.2 14.1 51.0 35.6 0.7 62.2 1.6

Percent 80 40 48.3 Among WSU students who84.3 have been sexually Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis— Lifetime and Past 12 Months 60 active 2.2within their lifetime,9.3% report being All Students 20 0.7 diagnosed62.2 with a sexually transmitted infection Percent 40 Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis— 0 48.3 (STI) within their lifetime, and 5.9% report being Percent Who Report Vaginal Intercourse Anal Intercourse Oral Sex SexuallyLifetime Transmitted and Past Infection 12 Months Being Diagnosed diagnosed with an STI within the past 12 months. All Students 20 Chlamydia Used a Condom 6.9 4.0 Chlamydia is the STI most commonly diagnosed Genital Herpes 1.9 1.3 0 Don’t Know Percent Who Report within students’ lifetimes and within the past Sexually Transmitted Infection Being Diagnosed Vaginal Intercourse DidAnal Not Intercourse Use a Condom Oral Sex Genital Warts/HPV 0.6 0.6 Chlamydia 12Used months. a Condom Gonorrhea 0.36.9 0.34.0 Don’t Know HIV/AIDSGenital Herpes 0.01.9 0.01.3 Did Not Use a Condom PubicGenital Lice Warts/HPV 0.00.6 0.00.6 SyphilisGonorrhea 0.00.3 0.00.3 AtHIV/AIDS Least One of the Above 0.0 0.0 Sexually Transmitted Infections 9.3 5.9 Pubic Lice 0.0 0.0 Syphilis Within Lifetime Within0.0 Past 12 Months0.0 At Least One of the Above Sexually Transmitted Infections 9.3 5.9

Within Lifetime Within Past 12 Months Results Sexual Health Sexual

40 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Implications Healthy individuals make better students, and better students make healthier communities.

Results from the 2018 College Student Health Survey presented in this report offer a comprehensive look at the diseases, health conditions, and health-related behaviors impacting students attending postsecondary schools in Minnesota. Identification of these health-related issues is critical, because the health of college students in Minnesota affects not only their academic achievement but also the overall health of our society.

It is intuitively obvious that health conditions can affect academic performance. The link to overall societal health is more subtle, but no less profound. Given that there are now more students enrolled in postsecondary institutions than in high schools, that college students help set the norms of behavior for our society and serve as role models for younger students, that college students are establishing and solidifying lifestyles and behaviors that will stay with them for the rest of their lives, and that obtaining a college degree is one of the major determinants of future health and economic status, the impact of the health of college students on our society becomes evident.

Implications 41 42 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Appendix 1 Colleges and Universities Participating in the 2018 College Student Health Survey

School Location Enrollment Bemidji State University Cambridge, MN 6,396 Coon Rapids, MN Carleton College Northfield, MN 1,995 Century College White Bear Lake, MN 12,395 Hennepin Technical College Brooklyn Park, MN 7,813 M State–Fergus Falls Fergus Falls, MN M State–Moorhead Moorhead, MN 8,422 Minneapolis Community & Technical College Minneapolis, MN 12,255 Pine Technical & Community College Pine City, MN 2,547 Rainy River Community College International Falls, MN 441 Rochester Community and Technical College Rochester, MN 7,515 St. Catherine University Minneapolis, MN 4,724 St. Paul, MN St. Cloud Technical & Community College St. Cloud, MN 6,336 University of Minnesota–Crookston Crookston, MN 2,834 University of Minnesota–Duluth Duluth, MN 11,168 University of Minnesota–Morris Morris, MN 1,627 University of Minnesota–Rochester Rochester, MN 472 University of Minnesota–Twin Cities Minneapolis, MN 51,848 St. Paul, MN Winona State University Winona, MN 9,483

Appendix 1 References Carleton College. (2016). About Carleton. Retrieved May 31, 2018, from http://apps.carleton.edu/about/. Minnesota State Colleges and Universities. (2018). Campuses. Retrieved May 31, 2018, from http://www.minnstate.edu/colleges/campuses.html. Saint Catherine University. University Facts. Retrieved May 31, 2018, from https://www.stkate.edu/about/university-facts University of Minnesota (2018). Official Enrollment Statistics – Office of Institutional .Research Retrieved May 31, 2018 from https://oir.umn.edu/student/enrollment.

Appendix 1 43 Appendix 2 Winona State University Students Survey Demographics Based on Student Response

All Students Average Age (Years) 20.3 Age Range (Years) 18–24 18–24 Years 100.0% 25 Years or Older 0.0% Average GPA 3.41 Class Status Undergraduate—Enrolled One Year 22.6% Undergraduate—Enrolled Two Years 21.6% Undergraduate—Enrolled Three Years 19.6% Undergraduate—Enrolled Four Years 19.0% Undergraduate—Enrolled Five or More Years 5.0% Master’s, Graduate, or Professional Program 0.0% Non-Degree Seeking 0.0% Unspecified 12.3% Gender Male 18.5% Female 68.4% TransMale, TransFemale, Genderqueer, Preferred Another Descriptor (Write-in) 0.8% Preferred to Not Answer 12.3% Racial Identity American Indian/Alaska Native 0.8% Asian/Pacific Islander 3.4% Black or African American 1.8% Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 0.4% White (Includes Middle Eastern) 82.1% Preferred Another Descriptor (Write-in) 0.6% Ethnic Identity Hispanic or Latino 3.4% Hmong 0.6% Somali 0.2% None of the Above 81.7% Preferred to Not Answer 1.4% Sexual Identity Heterosexual or Straight 90.1% Gay or Lesbian 2.1% Bisexual 4.8% Not Sure Yet 2.3% Not Sure What Question Means 0.0% Preferred Another Descriptor (Write-in) 0.7% Current Residence Residence Hall or Fraternity/Sorority 38.1% Homeless 0.0% Other 61.9% Other Status International Student 2.8% Veteran of United States Armed Forces 2.3% Reported at Least One Disability 13.6%

44 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students Glossary

Credit Card Debt A monthly debt of $3,000 or more.

Current Alcohol Use Any alcohol use within the past 30 days.

Current Credit Card Debt Any unpaid balance at the end of the past month.

Current Electronic Cigarette Use Any use of an electronic cigarette within the past 30 days.

Current Hookah Use Any use of tobacco from a water pipe (hookah) within the past 30 days.

Current Marijuana Use Any marijuana use within the past 30 days.

Current Smokeless Tobacco Use Any smokeless tobacco use within the past 30 days.

Current Tobacco Use Any use of tobacco within the past 30 days. Tobacco use includes both smoking and smokeless tobacco.

High-Risk Drinking Consumption of five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting within the past two weeks for both males and females. A drink is defined as one shot of alcohol, a 12-ounce beer, a mixed drink containing 1 or 1.5 ounces of alcohol, a 12-ounce wine cooler, or a 5-ounce glass of wine.

Past 12-Month Alcohol Use Any alcohol use within the past year.

Past 12-Month Marijuana Use Any marijuana use within the past year.

Student Loan Balance A student loan balance of $25,000 or more.

Glossary 45 46 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students References

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48 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Winona State University Students 2018 Boynton Health Survey Team

Principal Investigator Katherine Lust, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D. 612-624-6214 • [email protected]

Report Coordinator Meghan Mason, Ph.D., M.P.H.

Graphic Design and Editing Amy Bartkus Susan Everson, Ph.D.

Public Health, Communications and Marketing Dave Golden Anne Hodgson Kirk Marshall Kelly Towle Margaret VanEchaute Holly Ziemer

Published October 2018

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