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Paul Koschaker tommaso beggio Paul Koschaker Rediscovering (1879– 1951) beggio the Roman Foundations Paul Koschaker (1879–1951) Rediscovering the Roman Foundations of European of European Legal Tradition beggio Legal Tradition he aim of this book is to investigate the life and work 2. Aufl age of Paul Koschaker (1879–1951), who was one of the most prominent legal historians in the fi rst half of the 1951) (1879– Koschaker Paul 20th century. From the 1930s onwards, Koschaker is renowned for having attempted to reaffi rm the authority of Roman law, which was experiencing a major crisis at German universities at the time, mainly due to the Nazi regime’s disdain for this subject. Above all, he sought to emphasise the role Roman law played as the cornerstone of European legal tradition, as was masterfully depicted in his book Europa und das römische Recht. Yet Ko- schaker also had many other areas of interest throughout his career, including cuneiform law and comparative legal history. More specifically, this book attempts to provide the fi rst comprehensive study of Koschaker’s biographical experiences, as well as his scientifi c and academic stances, which have come to light as a result of the discovery and analysis of numerous previously unpublished archival sources. Universitätsverlag winter isbn 978-3-8253-6955-2 Heidelberg 6955-2 Umschl. Beggio_2.Aufl.indd 1 29.10.18 15:37 Tommaso Beggio paul koschaker (1879–1951) Rediscovering the Roman Foundations of European Legal Tradition 6955-2 Tit. Beggio_2.Aufl.indd 1 29.10.18 15:34 6955-2 Tit. Beggio_2.Aufl.indd 2 29.10.18 15:34 tommaso beggio Paul Koschaker (1879–1951) Rediscovering the Roman Foundations of European Legal Tradition 2. Aufl age Universitätsverlag winter Heidelberg 6955-2 Tit. Beggio_2.Aufl.indd 3 29.10.18 15:34 Bibliografi sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografi e; detaillierte bibliografi sche Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Förderung des Europäischen Forschungsrats; Forschungsprojekt Reinventing the Foundations of European Legal Culture, 1934–1964 (FoundLaw), Projektcode: 313100 cover illustration Paul Koschaker (Klagenfurt, 1879 – Basel, 1951) © Universitätsbiliothek Tübingen (ubt) isbn 978-3-8253-6955-2 2. Aufl age Dieses Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfi lmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. © 2018 Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg Imprimé en Allemagne · Printed in Germany Druck: Memminger MedienCentrum, 87700 Memmingen Gedruckt auf umweltfreundlichem, chlorfrei gebleichtem und alterungsbeständigem Papier. Den Verlag erreichen Sie im Internet unter: www.winter-verlag.de 6955-2 Tit. Beggio_2.Aufl.indd 4 29.10.18 15:34 A mia madre Emanuela, nel ricordo con amore A mio padre Antonio, alla sua amorevole presenza Paul Koschaker (Klagenfurt, 1879 – Basel, 1951) Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, Bilddatenbank PA (Alte Signaturen: l xv 60a 4°) „Nein, ich will’s nicht gewünscht haben – und hab es doch wünschen müssen – und weiß auch, daß ich’s gewünscht habe, es heute wünsche und es begrüßen werde: aus Haß auf die frevlerische Vernunftverachtung, die sündhafte Renitenz gegen die Wahrheit, den ordinär schwelgerischen Kult eines Hintertreppenmythus, die sträfliche Verwechslung des Heruntergekommenen mit dem, was es einmal war, den schmierenhaften Mißrauch und elenden Ausverkauf des Alt- und Echten, des Treulich-Traulichen, des Ur-Deutschen, woraus Laffen und Lügner uns einen sinnberaubenden Giftfusel bereitet.“ Thomas Mann: Doktor Faustus Table of Contents Preface…….................................................................................................................... 11 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………. 15 1.1 A study on Paul Koschaker………………………………………………. 15 1.2 A question of method…………………………………………………….. 19 1.3 State of the studies on Paul Koschaker…………………………………... 25 1.4 Research questions and outline of the book................................................ 30 2 From Graz to Leipzig (1897-1936)……………………………………………..... 33 2.1 The first steps of the “founder of cuneiform law”….…………………..... 33 2.2 The call to Leipzig……………………………………………………….. 41 2.3 Dogmatic approach and comparative method: Koschaker’s two souls?..... 50 2.4 On Koschaker’s methodological issues…………………………………... 61 2.5 Koschaker’s final years in Leipzig and the road to Berlin in 1936..……… 64 3 Koschaker in Berlin (1936-1941)………………………………………………… 73 3.1 A short premise…………………………………………………………... 73 3.2 Savigny’s Chair in Berlin………………………………………………… 74 3.3 The new co-editor of the Savigny-Zeitschrift and member of the Akademie für Deutsches Recht…………..…………………………..……………….. 79 3.4 The unpleasant period in Berlin………………………………………….. 83 3.5 Life at the University in Berlin…………………………………………… 85 3.6 The affair of the Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Legal history ……….. 96 3.7 Students and the teaching of Roman law………………………………... 104 3.8 Leaving Berlin…………………………………………………………... 111 4 1941-1951: the years in Tübingen and after WWII…………...………………… 119 4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………... 119 4.2 The call to Tübingen…………………………………………………….. 120 4.3 Negotiations and his arrival in Tübingen……………………………….. 125 9 4.4 The time in Tübingen: research and teaching…………………………..... 132 4.5 Koschaker’s pupils in Tübingen: Below, Wesenberg and Pescatore……. 145 4.6 The last years in Tübingen and the Emeritierung…..…………………… 152 4.7 Koschaker as visiting professor in Germany and abroad………………… 164 5 Roman law at the time of the crisis: from Die Krise to Europa und das römische Recht………………...…………………………………………………………...... 173 5.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………... 173 5.2 The crisis of Roman law……………………………………………….... 174 5.3 Koschaker’s criticism of the Historisierung of Roman law…………….. 181 5.4 Koschaker’s proposal………………………………………………........ 187 5.5 The reactions to Die Krise des römischen Rechts und die romanistische Rechtswissenschaft.…………………………………….... 191 5.6 Final remarks on Die Krise des römischen Rechts und die romanistische Rechtswissenschaft….…………………………………… 202 5.7 An up-to-date mos italicus………….…………………………………… 207 5.8 A reform proposal……………………………………………………….. 216 5.9 Koschaker and Point 19 of the NSDAP program……………………….... 224 5.10 Koschaker’s masterpiece: Europa und das römische Recht….………….. 230 5.11 Juristenrecht and relative natural law………………………..………….. 238 6 Koschaker’s legacy…………………………………………………………….... 247 6.1 The European message and its narrative……………………………….... 247 6.2 European narrative and methodology………………………………….... 253 6.3 An unpublished textbook on Roman law………………………………… 260 7 Conclusions……………………………………………………………............... 267 List of archival sources……...……………………………………………… 277 Bibliography………………….…………………………………………….. 285 Table of Names….…………….……………………………………………. 323 Table of Places……………………………………………………………… 329 Table of Pictures……………………………………………………………. 331 10 Preface This book has been conceived as part of a wider project, referred to as the “Reinventing the Foundations of European Legal Culture 1934-1964” – FoundLaw – project, funded by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) / ERC grant agreement n°313100 and hosted at the University of Helsinki which has been my academic home from October 2013 until November 2017. There are many people who have supported me along the way to achieving this work to whom I desire to express my gratitude. First, I would like to thank Professor Kaius Tuori, Principal Investigator of the research project, who encouraged me over the four years of this research, who has supported me with remarkable patience, who has showed his friendly and open-minded character, giving me suggestions on my work, teaching me to explore new scientific perspectives, and guiding me throughout this period, while always giving me great academic freedom in how to go about my research. I am truly grateful to have been part of the wonderful group of people he has created around himself. To him, my sincere thanks. During the four years of the project, I had the pleasure of getting to know and collaborating with my colleagues Doctors Heta Björklund, Magdalena Kmak, Ville Erkkilä and Jacob Giltaij. I have shared many significant moments with them working together and discussing our research field, and they have taught me to study my subject matter from diverse perspectives I was not familiar with before. I wish to thank them wholeheartedly for their scientific assistance and support, and, above all, for their friendship. The work presented in this book began at the Faculty of Law of the University of Helsinki in the fall 2013, and continued from the fall 2014 until the end of 2017, at the Network for European Studies at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the same University. Thanks to Professor Pia Letto-Vanamo of the Faculty of Law and the Director of the Network for European Studies, Professor Juhana Aunesluoma, and all of its members for having welcomed me at the Network and given me the opportunity to work in a friendly setting. 11 Between June 2015 and July 2016 I had the fortune to spend one year researching at the Institut für geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft of the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to
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