TIMELINE OF ANISHINAABE Lakes In at d e ia r n G

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i n s h o i s & s i W m i m TREATY RIGHTS ldlife Co IN THE NORTHERN GREAT LAKES 1971 BIG ABE 1981 U.S. SUPREME COURT LEBLANC REFUSES TO REVIEW 1997 1850 TICKETED MICHIGAN CASE MILLE LACS CASE Upholds rights reserved in IS UPHELD IN U.S. 1954 Fishing in 1836 Treaty waters, the 1990 SANDY Bay Mills Indian Community member 1836 treaty. Michigan 1983 COURT OF APPEALS 1842 was charged with using an illegal gill Chippewa and Ottawa tribes U.S. COURT OF AND HEADS TO U.S. TREATY WITH WILLIAM net and convicted in district court. form the Chippewa Ottawa MILLE LACS 2007 LAKE Treaty Fishery Management APPEALS RULES SUPREME COURT THE CHIPPEWA 1854 Authority (COTFMA) to begin IN FAVOR OF LAC MICHIGAN self-regulation and management BAND OF CONSENT DECREE SIGNED AT TREATY WITH THE JONDREAU 1997 OJIBWE PEOPLE TRAGEDY COURTE OREILLES In October 2013, the State of Four prominent officials of of the treaty area fisheries and Reverses appeal and upholds 1836 LAPOINTE MISSISSIPPI, RULING ENDS Michigan asked the federal court to This treaty ceded further President Zachary Taylor's resources. Ojibwe off reservation hunting, OJIBWE LAKE SUPERIOR, CITED decide whether inland treaty rights MIGRATE TO THE TREATY WITH lands in northern Wisconsin administration and Minnesota Keweenaw Bay Indian fishing, and gathering rights as TRIAL PHASE continue to exist, and if they do, OTTAWA & and in the copper and iron Territorial Governor Alexander AND BOISE Community member William set forth in the 1837 and 1842 On January 29, U.S. District where they can be exercised. The rich western part of Ramsey led an illegal effort FORT BANDS 1934 Jondreau cited after returning 1981 treaties. The U.S. Supreme Court FILES SUIT Court of Minnesota ended the CULTURE, NORTHERN GREAT CHIPPEWA 1985 In Federal District Court against trial portion of two 1837 Treaty five 1836 Treaty tribes along with Ceded large portions of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. to conspire to move Lake Signed at La Pointe, ceded INDIAN to shore aboard a small fishing SEE VIDEO SERIES refuses to hear the case thereby UNITED STATES the state of Minnesota for rights cases pursued by eight the U.S., agreed that inland treaty what is now northern With terms comparable to Superior Ojibwe to lands the land along the western boat with four lake trout taken upholding the Ojibwe treaty CONSENT DECREE REORGANIZATION The regulatory agreement details violating their reserved rights Chippewa bands by issuing a rights needed to be resolved. In LANGUAGE, LAKES AREA Michigan and the eastern those in the 1837 Treaty, the (Sandy Lake) in the Minnesota side of Lake Superior between 1887 from Keweenaw Bay in Lake V. MICHIGAN rights. Governor Earl calls The Fox Decision affirmed the management protocols for Great to hunt, fish, and gather on ruling which provided for the late summer 2005, the parties portion of Michigan’s tribes received payments to Territory. Over 400 Ojibwe Fond du Lac in Minnesota to 1920S Superior on June 1. Jondreau for cooperation among state DAWES ACT The policy of the United 1971 rights of the Bay Mills Indian Lakes fish species including lake Ceded Territories based on exercise of a treaty harvest. The explored the willingness of Upper Peninsula to the traders and half-bloods as die from illness, exposure, the border of Canada. was convicted in Baraga agencies and tribal governments HUNTING, MINNESOTA, States Federal Government Community, the Grand Traverse trout, walleye, whitefish, perch, the 1837 treaty. scope and regulation of the everyone to resolve all the issues United States. The tribes, well as a 25-year annuity and starvation. Established permanent PASSED County Court. MICHIGAN to resolve the matter. Set in motion the established, nationally, Band of Ottawa and Chippewa salmon and bloater chubs, covering treaty harvest were defined in related to 1836 Treaty inland rights however, stipulated schedule, to be divided Ojibwe reservations at WISCONSIN, 1825 Allotment Policy whereby a policy of tribal V. WILLIAM Indians, the Little River Band of treaty-ceded waters of Lakes court-accepted stipulations. by negotiation, rather than Ojibwe creation story speaks of a “for the right of hunting between the Mississippi and Keweenaw Bay (L'Anse) in MICHIGAN FISHING, & approximately 160 acres self-government through Ottawa Indians, the Little Superior, Michigan, and Huron. The Because issues regarding scope litigation. Their efforts were time when the original people or TREATY OF on the lands ceded, with Lake Superior Chippewa. Michigan and Bad River, JONDREAU of reservation land is RESTRICT a tribal governing body, The Jondreau Decision reaffirmed Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa compact helped lay the foundation and regulation were resolved finalized in a Consent Decree in Anishinaabeg were lowered to the other usual privileges The Chippewa leaders Lac du Flambeau, and Lac 1 983 PRAIRIE given to individual tribal RIGHTS the tribal council, and the the right of the Keweenaw Bay Indians, and the Sault Ste. Marie for additional settlements that through stipulations which early September 2007. The Consent GATHERING Earth. The first treaties are of occupancy, until specifically retained the right Courte Oreilles in Wisconsin, members and the Begin arresting Ojibwe ability of those elected Indian Community members to fish Tribe of Chippewa Indians to fish VOIGT INTERTRIBAL would keep the state and Michigan defined them, those issues Decree contains acknowledgment DU CHIEN the land is required to hunt and fish on the and Fond du Lac and Grand between Anishinaabeg and Established remaining millions of hunters, fishers, and governments to manage in the Keweenaw Bay waters of in ceded areas of the Great Lakes TASK FORCE treaty tribes out of the courtroom, were not included in the final by the State of Michigan of the for settlement.” Ceded Territory. Portage in Minnesota. everything in creation. boundaries of the acres of tribal lands are gatherers in the Ceded the affairs of their Lake Superior without regard to in the boundaries of Michigan Created to address resource ushering in an era of natural decision and therefore cannot permanent recognition of tribes’ FLOURISH

Out of love, the plants, fish, Chippewa nation. VIEW MAP VIEW MAP SEE VIDEO SERIES VIEW MAP sold to whites. Territories. respective tribes. SEE VIDEO SERIES Michigan fishing regulations. based on the 1836 treaty. management issues. resources co-management. SEE VIDEO SERIES be appealed. “Inland Article 13 Rights.” and animals agree to sustain Anishinaabeg to ensure survival.

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1620s 1795 1830 1837 1848 1852 1858 1889 1924 1953 1969 1974 1982 1984 1989 1996 1999 2020 EUROPEANS TREATY OF INDIAN MICHIGAN WISCONSIN CHIEF MINNESOTA TREATY AT INDIAN PUBLIC LAW 280 GREAT LAKES INDIAN GREAT LAKES INDIAN FOND DU LAC TREATY MINNESOTA V. MILLE ARRIVE GREENVILLE REMOVAL ACT STATEHOOD STATEHOOD BUFFALO STATEHOOD RED LAKE CITIZENSHIP ACT PASSED RED CLIFF TRIBBLE FISHERIES COMMISSION FISH AND WILDLIFE ANISHINAABE RIGHTS AFFIRMED LACS BAND BUFFALO REEF Etienne Brule, First treaty signed with Official Federal policy TRAVELS 1855 Ceded land surrounding Grants citizenship to all Transfered criminal WAS FORMED U.S. District Court affirmed the Fond The U.S. Supreme Court, March 24, Jean Nicolet the United States by the whereby entire Tribes Native Americans in the jurisdiction on tribal lands du Lac Band’s 1837 and 1854 Treaty affirmed treaty hunting, fishing, and 1837 TREATY WITH the reservation and and other Chippewa. Establishes are coerced and forcibly TO D.C. exempted Red Lake United States. There was no to some states, including AND BAD BROTHERS ESTABLISHED SOLIDARITY rights. The nature and scope of the gathering rights in the Minnesota CLEANUP AND Meets president of THE CHIPPEWA Comprised of eleven sovereign Europeans boundaries between the removed from their TREATY WITH from the Allotment provision in the Act, however, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 1837 Treaty rights held by the Fond du 1837 Ceded Territory. This decision the United States tribal governments located arrive in the United States and ancestral homelands SIGNED AT policy thereby retaining that required Indian people The states use the law to Lac Band were the same as the Mille served to end all debate, begun over CHIPPEWA and advocates for RIVER ARRESTED throughout Minnesota, Wisconsin, RELAY RESTORATION region to several Native Nations. to unfamiliar ceded Signed at St. Peters, WASHINGTON D.C. it's sole status as a to relinquish tribal step up their violations of Lacs 1837 Treaty right. twenty years ago when the LCO case permanent Ojibwe Fred and Mike Tribble, members of the and Michigan, the Commission's Begins in response to racism and The treaty of 1842 or commonly known as establish territories west of the the first of several The treaty ceded land in closed reservation. membership or identity. hunting, fishing, and was filed in 1974, that the Bands’ homelands. Lac Courte Oreilles Band (LCO), were purpose is to protect and enhance hatred directed towards Ojibwe people the “Copper Treaty” ceded millions of trade relations. Mississippi River. cession treaties which the Minnesota territory for Red Lake will become gathering treaty rights. MEMBERS arrested, March 8, on Chief Lake by throughout the region at boat landings treaty rights exist. The Court ruled in acres of land to the United States in treaty-guaranteed rights to hunt, sold large tracts of land monetary and other the only reservation in favor of the Bands on all three Wisconsin Department of Natural fish, and gather on inland Ceded and other communal spaces. Later exchange for rights to hunt, fish, and in north central and stipulations. Reservations the country that is not issues, finding that the 1850 ARRESTED Resources wardens for possession Territories ceded under the becomes the Healing Circle Run and gather within the Ceded Territory. Within eastern Minnesota were also established in "checker-boarded" Removal Order did not terminate the Six enrolled members of the Red of a spear, for taking fish from Chippewa treaties of 1836, 1837, continues today. this territory is Buffalo Reef, a natural and northwestern Minnesota. with parcels of the rights; that Minnesota’s statehood Cliff Band, including Richard off-reservation waters and for 1842, and 1854; to protect and cobble feature in Lake Superior, located Wisconsin. Chippewa reservation belonging in 1858 did not terminate the treaty Gurnoe, are arrested by occupying a fish shanty without name enhance treaty guaranteed fishing just off the eastern edge of the Keweenaw retained their right to to white land owners. rights; and that the 1855 Treaty with 1855 Wisconsin Department of Natural and address attached. The Tribble on the Great Lakes; and to provide Peninsula in the U.P. of Michigan. Buffalo “hunt, fish, and Mille Lacs did not terminate the Resources officers after pulling brothers were fishing off-reservation cooperative management of Reef has historically maintained invaluable gather” in “ceded” TREATY WITH Bands’ treaty rights. a gill net from Lake Superior that and were later found guilty of the these resources. spawning habitat for fish species such as territories. THE OTTAWA AND contained a white sucker. Around charges in Sawyer County Circuit Court. lake trout and lake whitefish, but is now VIEW MAP CHIPPEWA three weeks later, two Bad River threatened by the migrating stamp sands, Established fishing and Band members are cited by a produced by harmful mining activities SEE VIDEO SERIES encampment rights state conservation warden while beginning in the late 1800’s. Tribal, State, established under the Treaty fishing with gill nets on Federal, and academic partnerships of 1820 for the Sault Ste. Gichigami. A Bayfield County combine efforts to mitigate damages and Marie Chippewa. judge ruled that the 1854 Treaty ultimately restore Buffalo Reef as the did not protect their right to fish ecological resource that has sustained outside of state regulations. both tribal and non-tribal communities SEE VIDEO SERIES for generations.

1974 GURNOE V. WISCONSIN In the Gurnoe Decision, the Wisconsin Supreme Court decided in favor of the TREATY SEE VIDEO SERIES 1854 Bad River and Red Cliff Tribes. Based SEE VIDEO SERIES on the 1854 Treaty, the court found that fishing in the off-reservation 1842 waters of Lake Superior was a protected treaty right and that any LANDS regulations that the state seeks to enforce against the Chippewa are reasonable and necessary to prevent a substantial depletion of the fish CURRENT RESERVATION LANDS supply. The State of Wisconsin and the tribes have successfully negotiated agreements for the 1836 TREATY WITH OTTAWA & CHIPPEWA treaty commercial fishing activity 1837 since the time of the decision. 1836 1837 TREATY WITH CHIPPEWA OGICHIDAA STORYTELLERS 1842 TREATY WITH THE CHIPPEWA SIGNED AT LAPOINTE The video series shares the struggle of the Anishinaabe (also known as Ojibwe or Chippewa) to retain treaty reserved harvesting rights throughout the ceded territories of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan. 1854 TREATY WITH THE MISSISSIPPI, LAKE SUPERIOR, AND BOISE FORT BANDS

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