Life Beyond Walls. Proceedings of the National Conference on Outdoor
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 357 935 RC 019 196 AUTHOR Gilbert, Jim, Ed.; Bruner, Eric,Ed. TITLE Life Beyond Walls. Proceedingsof the National Conference on Outdoor Recreation (Ft.Collins, Colorado, November 10-13, 1988). INSTITUTION Mississippi Univ., University. REPORT NO ISBN-0-9622188-0-4 PUB DATE 89 NOTE 273p.; For selected individualpapers, see RC 019 197-203. Some tables containsmall and broken print. PUB TYPE Collected Works Conference Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Accidents; Adolescents; *AdventureEducation; Camping; College Students;Disabilities; Environmental Education; Fear;Higher Eduction; *Leadership; *Outdoor Activities;Outdoor Education; Plant Identification; *Risk;Safety IDENTIFIERS *Outdoor Leadership; *OutdoorRecreation; Outward Bound ABSTRACT This proceedings contains 16papers on recreation and adventure programming, outdooreducation, and outdoor leadership training. The papers are:(1) "Beyond Recreation:Our Classroom Is Wild America" (Barry Auskern); (2) "Outward Bound LeadershipModel: An Exploratory Study of LeadershipVariables" (Natalie L. Bartley); (3) "'Putting a Little Flavor in Your Outings!' Gettingto Know the World of Edible and Useful Wild Plants" (Charles Chase);(4) "Risk Management in High Adventure Outdoor Pursuits" (Jerry Cinnamon); (5) "The Identification and Modification of SituationalFears Associated with Outdoor Recreation" (Alan Ewert);(6) "Outdoor Programmingin the Southern United States" (JimGilbert and Wayne Taylor); (7) "Winter Wilderness Travel and Camping" (Norman Gilchrest); (8) "Environmental Activism, PublicEducation and Outdoor Programming:A Union of Necessity" (Terry Hartig and Peter Bowler);(9) "Technical Tree Climbing" (Peter Jenkins); (10) "Leadership: TheDevelopment of Self Concept" (Rick Matistrakand Lyle Benson); (11) "Survey Compilation: Status and Concernsof the Outdoor Recreation Profession" (Rodney K. Neubert and Julian A. McPhee); (12)"Freshman Wilderness Orientation Programs:Model Programs across the Country" (Marty O'Keefe); (13) "EagleMount--Montana's Premiere Handicapped Outdoor Recreation Program" (CurtShirer); (14) "Successfully Adapting Financially Subsidized Outdoor Programs to 'Pay TheirOwn Way' Programs" (Alf Skrastins); (15) "Passages: HelpingCollege Students Matriculate through Outdoor Adventure" (Bob Stremba);and (16) "How To Successfully Change from a FinanciallySubsidized Outdoor Program to a Pays-Its-Own-Way Outdoor Program" (DavidJ. Webb). Appendices include descriptions of conferencepresentations and events, a list of conference participants, andbiographical information on presenters. (KS) "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Life Beyond Walls INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." 110 U.S. DEPARTMENT OFEDUCATION Office of Educational Researchand improvement EDUCATIONAL. RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ;Xsdocument has been ceproducr as received from the person or organiLation originating it C Minor changes have beenmade to improve reproduction duality Points of view Or opinion: slatedin this clocu. went do not necessarily representofficial GERI position or policy co cr) PROCEEDINGS OF c7): THE 1988 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OUTDOOR RECREATION ) Colorado State University 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE "Life Beyond Walls" ( ar"" PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1988 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OUTDOOR RECREATION Colorado State University 3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1988 NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OUTDOOR RECREATION Colorado State University "Life Beyond Walls" Edited by JIM GILBERT, Ed.D. Assistant Professor Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation The University of Mississippi ERIC BRUNER, Assistant Professor Department of Health, Physica' Education and Recreation University of Maine at Presque Isle University, Mississippi 1989 4 Copyright 1989 by 1988 National Conference on Outdoor Recreation PlanningCommittee Department of Health, Physical. Education and Recreation Division of Recreation Degree Programs University of Mississippi All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Word Processing by Margaret Talbot, The University of Mississippiand Brenda Irving, University of Maine at Presque Isle Cover Design by Mark Oliver, Colorado State University Printed by University of Mississippi Printing Services Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 89-50133 ISBN 0-9622188-0-4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our sincere appreciation to Colorado State University, Experiential Learning Program, and the Lory Center staff for hosting the 1988 National Conference on Outdoor Recreation. Without their superb efforts and efficient planning, the conference would not have achieved its successful status. Special consideration and a debt of gratitude is extended to the following individuals who contributed significantly and unselfishly to the development and organization of the conference: Colette Berge, Pike Peak Community College, Colorado Jim Gilbert, University of Mississippi Karen Kilk, Colorado State University Barb Kistler, Colorado State University Daryl Miller, Colorado State University Pat Rastall, Colorado State University Gary Ratcliff, Mesa College, Colorado Dave Secunda, University of Colorado Nancy Stephenson, Weber State College, Utah Dave Webb, Brigham Young University, Utah 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Acknowledgements i Introduction iii Beyond Recreation: Our Classroom is Wild America Barry Auskern 1 Outward Bound Leadership Model: An Exploratory Study of Leadership Variables Natalie L. Bartley', Ed.D. 7 "Putting a Little Flavor in Your Outings!" Getting to Know The World of Edible And 'Useful Wild Plants Charles Chase, Ed.D. 21 Risk Elements in. High Adventure Outdoor Pursuits Jerry Cinnamon, Ed.D. 33 The Identification And Modification of Situational Fears Associated With Outdoor Recreation Alan Ewert, Ph.D. 53 Outdoor Programming in. the Southern United States Jim Gilbert, Ed.D. and Wayne Taylor 71 Winter Wilderness Travel and Camping Norman Gilchrest, Ed.D. 87 Environmental Activism, Public Education And Outdoor Programming: A Union of Necessity Terry Hartig and Peter Bowler 109 Technical Tree Climbing Peter Jenkins 129 Leadership: The Development of Self Concept Rick Matishak and Dr. Lyle Benson 147 Survey Compilation: Status and Concerns of the Outdoor Recreation Profession Rodney K. Neubert and Julian McPhee 157 Freshman Wilderness Orientation Programs: Model Programs Across the Country Marty O'Keefe, Ed.D. 165 7 PAGE Eagle Mount -- Montana's Premiere Handicapped Outdoor Recreation Program Curt Shirer, Ph.D. 181 Successfully Adapting Financially Subsidized Outdoor Programs to 'Pay Their Own Way' Programs Alf Skrastins 187 Passages: Helping College Students Matriculate Through Outdoor Adventure Bob Stremba, Ed.D. 199 How to Successfully Change From a Financially Subsidized Outdoor Program to a Pays-Its- Own-Way Outdoor Program David J. Webb 209 Appendix A - Conference Presentations and Events 231 Appendix B - List of Conference Participants 248 Appendix C - Biographical Informationon Presenters 264 vi BEYOND RECREATION: OUR CLASSROOM IS WILD AMERICA By Barry Auskern, Guide National Audubon Society Expedition Institute ABSTRACT: The Audubon Expedition Institute takes its students out of the traditional classroom setting and brings them into the world of nature to learn about the environment. We believe that teaching people outdoor skills is only the first step inhelping themto form a closer rela- tionship with the Earth. Introduction The average American is spending 95% of his or her time indoors, protected and insulated from nature. When we think about the environmental crises we are facing- acid rain, the Greenhouse Effect, the destruction of the tropical rain forests -- we are destroying the outdoors. We spend so much time living indoors, that as a culture we have almost totally severed our ties with the outdoors, with nature. We are so used to spending our time in sterile environments that we lose sight that there is another way to live. So our relationshipwiththe Earth gets out of balance. Instead of thinking about how we can live in harmony andpeace with the Earth, we are more concerned with cars, microwave ovens, VCR's and electric hair dry- ers. Yet, we never (or rarely) stop to consider the impact that theseso-called necessities haveon the planet. We view the Earthnot as our home, to be treated with respect, but as a resource, to be ex- ploited, developed and consumed. The only way to develop and nourish a relationship, with the Earth is to spend time outdoors learning to get to know her. It is not going to happen through the news on television or a Jacques Cousteau special. Those programs might educate us to a certain degree, but they are not going to transform us. Change will occur only when we stop spending so muchof our time indoors in 1 9 boxes and start spendingmore time outdoors getting to know the Earth. When we discuss recreation, we need not talk about theword in the everyday sense, for example, about someone who plays 18 holes ofgolf on a manicured golf course inthe middle of suburbia. What we need to talk about is recreation in the fullest, deepest sense of the term -- literally, a re-creation, a renewal, a rebirth. I am not only talking about a re-creation of one's sense of selfabout re-creation of our relationship with the Earth. The first thing done at the Audubon Expedition Institute in terms of teaching people about the environ- ment is that we get them as far away from a traditional classroom as possible, and we bringthem into the outdoors. Then we let the