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Lubricating Oil Composition and Additive Therefor Having Improved Wear Properties

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Lubricating Oil Composition and Additive Therefor Having Improved Wear Properties (19) TZZ ¥_T (11) EP 2 949 738 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 02.12.2015 Bulletin 2015/49 C10M 141/10 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 15170007.7 (22) Date of filing: 31.05.2015 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB • Lagona, Jason A. GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO Richmond, VA 23225 (US) PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR • Loper, John T. Designated Extension States: Richmond, VA 23233 (US) BA ME Designated Validation States: (74) Representative: Dunleavy, Kevin James MA Mendelsohn, Drucker & Dunleavy, P.C. p/o De Vries & Metman (30) Priority: 30.05.2014 US 201462005135 P Overschiestraat 180 01.05.2015 US 201514701899 1062 XK Amsterdam (NL) (71) Applicant: Afton Chemical Corporation Richmond, Virginia 23219 (US) (54) LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION AND ADDITIVE THEREFOR HAVING IMPROVED WEAR PROPERTIES (57) A compression-ignited engine lubricant and a compound or anhydride thereof, and optionally, (iv) a method for reducing engine wear. The lubricant includ- nonaromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, wherein the ing, (a) a base oil; (b) oleamide; (c) zinc dihydrocarbyl hydrocarbyl group of the hydrocarbyl-dicarboxylic acid dithiophosphate; and (d) a functionalized dispersant. The or anhydride has a number average molecular weight of functionalized dispersant is made by reacting together greater than 1800 Daltons as determined by gel perme- (i) a hydrocarbyl-dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, (ii) a ation chromatography. polyamine, (iii) a dicarboxylcontaining fused aromatic EP 2 949 738 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 949 738 A1 Description RELATED APPLICATION 5 [0001] This application claims priority to provisional application Serial No. 62/05,135, filed May 30, 2014. TECHNICAL FIELD [0002] The disclosure relates to lubricating oil compositions. More specifically, the present invention is directed to 10 crankcase lubricants for compression-ignited (diesel) engines, especially heavy duty diesel engines. These lubricating compositions provide improved for improving the wear properties of the lubricant composition. BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 15 [0003] A lubricating oil composition for compressed-ignited engines for land-based vehicles often has to meet certain performance requirements as stipulated in specifications established by the industry and/or original equipment manu- facturers (OEMs). In general, heavy duty engine oils have to provide adequate levels of oxidation and wear protection, sludge and deposit formation control, fuel economy benefits, compatibility with sealing materials, and other desirable physical and rheological characteristics that are essential for lubrication and serviceability, as determined by various 20 standardized engine and bench tests. For example, a high frequency reciprocating rig wear test (HFRR) is used to determine the wear protection properties of a lubricant composition. Typically, wear protection can be provided by the addition ofphosphorus to the fluid.However, environmental regulationsand OEM specificationsmay restrict the maximum phosphorus levels in the lubricant. Hence, providing sufficient or improved wear performance without increasing the phosphorus concentration in the lubricant is desirable. 25 [0004] With regard to the foregoing, embodiments of the disclosure provide a compression-ignited engine lubricant composition and a method for reducing engine wear. The heavy duty engine lubricant composition includes (a) a base oil; (b) from about 0.04 to about 0.2 wt.% of oleamide based on a total weight of the lubricant composition; 30 (c) zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate; and (d) a hydrocarbyl soluble dispersant. [0005] In a further embodiment, the hydrocarbyl soluble dispersant is a functionalized dispersant comprising a reaction product of (i) a hydrocarbyl-dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, (ii) a polyamine, (iii) a dicarboxyl-containing fused aromatic 35 compound or anhydride thereof, and optionally, (iv) a non-aromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, wherein the hydro- carbyl group of the hydrocarbyl-dicarboxylic acid or anhydride has a number average molecular weight of greater than 1800 Daltons as determined by gel permeation chromatography. [0006] In a further embodiment, the functionalized dispersant comprises a reaction product of (i) a hydrocarbyl-dicar- boxylic acid or anhydride, (ii) a polyamine, (iii) 1,8-naphtahlic anhydride, and optionally, (iv) a non-aromatic dicarboxylic 40 acid or anhydride. [0007] In a further embodiment, the functionalized dispersant comprises a reaction product of (i) a hydrocarbyl-dicar- boxylic acid or anhydride, (ii) a polyamine, (iii) 1,8-naphtahlic anhydride, and optionally, (iv) a non-aromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride. [0008] In another embodiment, the functionalized dispersant comprises a reaction product of (i) a polyisobutenyl 45 succinic acid or anhydride, component, (ii) a polyamine, (iii) 1,8-naphthalic anhydride, and (iv) comprises maleic anhy- dride. [0009] In another embodiment, the polyisobutenyl group of component (d) is derived from polyisobutylene having greater than 50 mole percent terminal vinylidene content. [0010] The another embodiment, from about 0.25 to about 1.5 moles of component (iv) are reacted per mole of 50 component (ii). [0011] In a further embodiment, the lubricant composition further comprises (e) one or more hydrocarbyl substituted succinimide dispersants other than component (d), wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of component (e) is derived from a polyolefin having a number average molecular weight ranging from about 950 to about 3000 Daltons as determined by gel permeation chromatography and wherein a weight ratio of (e) to (d) in the lubricant ranges from about 1:1 to about 55 1:10. [0012] In another embodiment of the disclosure, zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is derived from all primary alcohols; all secondary alcohols; a mixture of primary and secondary alcohols, or a mixture of zinc dihydrocarby dithiophosphates derived from primary and secondary alcohols, wherein the mole percent of primary alcohols in the mixture of alcohols 2 EP 2 949 738 A1 or the mole percent hydrocarbyl groups in the mixture of zinc dithydrocarbyl dithiophosphates is at least 30 mole %. [0013] In another embodiment of the disclosure, the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is derived from all primary alcohols or a mixture of primary and secondary alcohols. [0014] In another embodiment, at least 60 mole % of hydrocarbyl groups in the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate 5 are derived from primary alcohols. [0015] In a further embodiment, the lubricant comprises a mixture of zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates and wherein at least 30 mole % of hydrocarbyl groups in the mixture of zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates are derived from primary alcohols. [0016] In a further embodiment, the lubricant contains from about 200 to about 1500 ppm by weight of phosphorus 10 based on a total weight of the lubricant. [0017] In a further embodiment, the zinc dithiophosphate delivers approximately 1100 ppm of phosphorus to the lubricant based on a total weight of the lubricant. [0018] In another embodiment, the lubricant comprises from about 0.04 to about 0.2 wt.% of oleamide based on a total weight of the lubricant composition. 15 [0019] In one embodiment of the disclosure the lubricant comprises from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight of the dispersant based on a total weight of the lubricant composition. [0020] In one embodiment of the disclosure the lubricant comprises from about 2 to about 7 percent by weight of the dispersant based on a total weight of the lubricant composition. [0021] Another embodiment of the disclosure provides a method for reducing wear in a compression-ignited engine. 20 The method includes lubricating the engine with a lubricant composition comprising: (a) a base oil; (b) oleamide; (c) a zinc dithydrocarbyl dithiophosphate; and 25 (d) a functionalized dispersant comprising a reaction product of (i) a hydrocarbyl-dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, (ii) a polyamine, (iii) a dicarboxyl-containing fused aromatic compound or anhydride thereof, and optionally, (iv) a non- aromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, wherein the hydrocarbyl group of the hydrocarbyl-dicarboxylic acid or anhydride has a number average molecular weight of greater than 1800 Daltons as determined by gel permeation chromatography. 30 [0022] A further embodiment of the disclosure provides a method for reducing wear in a compression-ignited engine. The method includes (1) lubricating the engine with a lubricant containing (a) a base oil; (b) from about 0.04 to about 0.2 wt.% oleamide based on a total weight of the lubricant; (c) zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate in an amount sufficient to provide from about 200 to about 1100 ppm by weight of phosphorus based on a total weight of the lubricant; and (d) 35 from about 2 to about 7 wt% of a hydrocarbyl soluble dispersant based on a total weight of the lubricant. [0023] In another embodiment of the disclosure, the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate is derived from all primary alcohols or a mixture of primary and secondary alcohols. [0024] In another embodiment, at least 60 mole % of hydrocarbyl groups in the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate are derived from primary alcohols 40 [0025] In another embodiment, the lubricant comprises from about 0.04 to about 0.2 wt.% of oleamide based on a total weight of the lubricant composition. [0026] In one embodiment of the disclosure the lubricant
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