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Oil Analysis Handbook Third Edition Copyright © 2017 Spectro Scientific
Predictive Equipment Maintenance Oil Analysis Handbook Third Edition Copyright © 2017 Spectro Scientific. All rights reserved. FluidScan® and LaserNet Fines® are registered trademarks of Spectro Scientific Inc. While every effort is made to assure the information in this document ois accurate, Spectro Scientific does not accept liability for any errors or mistakes that may arise. Specifications are subject to change without notice. | 3 Preface Welcome to the third edition of the In-service Oil Analysis Handbook. It has been a few years since the publication of the first edition of Spectro Scientific’s In-Service Oil Analysis Handbook. Our original goal was to compile a comprehensive reference book of common in-service oil analysis techniques to help readers understand and choose the right technique and instrumentation for their needs. We had to limit the scope in the first two editions because of the amount of effort needed to cover all the topics. In-service oil analysis for condition based maintenance covers a wide array of topics. I am pleased to say that in this third edition, we are much closer to our goal. We reorganized the structure of the content for better clarity and we added articles to cover more topics and instruments associated with oil analysis. Also, we rewrote several articles including the latest developments on the market. As we learned more from our customers about their successes using on site oil analysis, we developed case studies that you can find in this edition. This work is not possible without the time and effort from the contributing authors: Patrick Henning, Daniel Walsh, Robert Yurko, Ken Caldwell, Thomas Barraclough, Maria Bartus, Randi Price, John Morgan, Aifeng Shi and Yuegang Zhao from Spectro Scientific and Ray Garvey from Emerson Process Management. -
Advanced Petroleum-Based Fuels -- Diesel Emissions Control Project
NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at http://www.osti.gov/bridge Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 phone: 865.576.8401 fax: 865.576.5728 email: mailto:[email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 phone: 800.553.6847 fax: 703.605.6900 email: [email protected] online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste The test program and subsequent data analysis represent a collaborative effort of a technical working group consisting of representatives from the government and industry organizations listed on the front cover of this report. -
Synthetic Lubricant Base Stocks Formulations Guide Table of Contents
Synthetic lubricant base stocks formulations guide Table of contents 1.0 Introduction — Using this guide ����������������������������������������������������������������� 1 7�3 Turbine oils ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������62 2.0 Lubricant formulators FAQs ������������������������������������������������������������������������ 3 7�4 Industrial gear oils ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������67 7�5 Paper machine oils �������������������������������������������������������������������������������72 3.0 Synthetic base stock grade slate summary ���������������������������������������������� 7 7�6 Lubricants for use with food machinery 4.0 Industry trends ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 (incidental food contact) ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������74 4�1 Energy outlook ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 7�7 Miscellaneous lubricants ���������������������������������������������������������������������79 4�2 Lubricant industry trends ��������������������������������������������������������������������10 7�7�1 Heat transfer oils �����������������������������������������������������������������������79 4�3 Automotive trends �������������������������������������������������������������������������������10 7�7�2 Chain lubricants �������������������������������������������������������������������������81 -
Mabanol Engine Oil Additive Motor Oil Additive
Mabanol Engine Oil Additive Motor Oil Additive Application Properties Mabanol Engine Oil Additive is filled into the Mabanol Engine Oil Additive is a nano tech- engine along with the motor oil. It is miscible nology-based oil additive designed to reduce with all types of motor oil. friction on mechanical parts, optimize engine It can be used in all petrol and diesel engines, performance and protect it in a durable way. including those equipped with catalytic con- Mabanol Engine Oil Additive produces a ro- verters, turbochargers and/or particulate filters bust lubricating film on the friction surfaces in both in passenger cars as well as in trucks. the engine which reduces friction losses and Not suitable for use in ATFs and motorcycles wear. This extends the life of the engine, im- with wet clutch. proves smoothness and optimizes efficiency. Mabanol Engine Oil Additive is also recom- mended for improving the performance of oil EAN Code in pumps, gearboxes and compressors. 300 ml can: 4260214890989 A can of 300 ml can be used for up to 4.5 liters of engine oil. The maximum dosage in the engine oil/additive blend is 20 volume percent. Please ensure that the correct oil level is maintained. Please shake well before use. Data Test method Unit Value Density at 20°C DIN 51 757 g/cm³ 0,874 Kin. Viscosity at 40°C DIN EN ISO 3104 mm²/s 316 Flash point ISO 3679 °C > 100 Lower explosion limit – Vol-% 0,6 Upper explosion limit – Vol-% 6,5 Updated in March 2019 The above values may vary within the commercial limits. -
Super-D® 3 Diesel Engine Oil 15W-40
Super-D® 3 Diesel Engine Oil 15W-40 Premium Universal Fleet Kendall® Super-D 3 Diesel Engine Oil, SAE 15W-40, is a premium quality universal fleet engine oil designed for use in on-highway diesel trucks and off-highway Engine Oil diesel equipment, as well as in passenger cars and light trucks with either diesel or gasoline engines. It is recommended for use both in EGR-equipped diesel engines and in older, non-EGR diesel engines. It also will provide excellent protection for gasoline engines for use in mixed commercial fleets. Super-D 3 SAE 15W-40 is formulated with advanced additive technology to provide outstanding wear protection, soot control and bearing corrosion protection. Outstanding soot dispersancy protects against abrasive wear and soot-induced oil thickening, and ensures good low-temperature pumpability even with soot-laden oil. High dispersancy-detergency and a high alkaline reserve (TBN) provide extra protection in extended drain or severe service intervals, and in EGR-equipped engines. Super-D 3 SAE 15W-40 meets or exceeds the performance requirements of API Service Categories CI-4 and SL, API CI-4 PLUS, and leading OEM specifications and worldwide standards for diesel engine oils. It is backward serviceable for use where API CH-4 or earlier “C” category engine oils, or the concurrent earlier OEM specifications, are specified. Applications • On-highway diesel trucks equipped with cooled-EGR, ACERT or other technologies to meet 2004 and earlier exhaust emission standards • Older diesel equipment with conventional, non-EGR engines • Mixed fleets with both diesel and gasoline-fueled vehicles • Off-highway construction, earth moving and mining equipment • Farm equipment with diesel or gasoline engines Super-D 3 SAE 15W-40 is licensed or OEM-certified for: • API Service CI-4 with CI-4 PLUS, CI-4, CH-4, SL • Cummins CES 20078 • Detroit Diesel DFS 93K214 • Mack EO-N Premium Plus 03 • Mercedes-Benz Sheet 228.3 • Renault VI RLD-2 • Volvo VDS-3 KendallMotorOil.com U.S. -
The Role of Nanoparticles in Lubricants; Performing Lubricated and Dry Friction Tests
FELLOWSHIP RESEARCH The Role of Nanoparticles in Lubricants; Performing Lubricated and Dry Friction Tests Hamed Ghaednia* and Dr. Robert L. Jackson (Advisor) Auburn University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn, Ala. *Ford Motor Co., Powertrain Research and Advanced Engineering Group, Dearborn, Mich. Editor’s Note: This month TLT profiles the 2014 recipient of The E. Elmer Klaus Fellowship, Hamed Ghaednia (Auburn University). The Klaus Fellowship, along with The E. Richard Booser Scholarship, are awarded annually to graduate and undergraduate students, respectively, who have an interest in pursuing a career in tribology. As a requirement for receiving an STLE scholarship, students are given the opportunity to participate in a tribology research project and to submit a report summarizing their research. Hamed Ghaednia graduated with a bachelor’s of science degree in mechanical and chemical INTRODUCTION engineering and a master’s of science degree Nanoparticles when suspended in in mechanical engineering from the Tehran a lubricant can infiltrate small gaps Polytechnic. He recently received his between rough surfaces in contact doctorate in mechanical engineering, with and alter the contact’s tribological an emphasis in tribology, from Auburn performance. Hence, nanoparticles University’s Samuel Ginn College of offer an alternative approach to Engineering’s tribology and lubrication lubrication by introducing third body science minor program. He is currently entities directly into the contact. The working as a tribology research engineer ability of nano-sized particles to pass at the Ford Motor Co. in the Powertrain through conventional filters, penetrate Research and Advanced Engineering Group. into contacts that larger particles You can reach him at [email protected]. -
Owners Manual
Owners Manual S&S® KN, P, and SH-Series Engines DISCLAIMER: • Consult an appropriate service manual for your motorcycle for correct S&S parts are designed for high performance, closed course, racing applications disassembly and reassembly procedures for any parts that need to be removed and are intended for the very experienced rider only. The installation of S&S parts to facilitate installation. may void or adversely effect your factory warranty. In addition such installation and • Use good judgment when performing installation and operating motorcycle. use may violate certain federal, state, and local laws, rules and ordinances as well Good judgment begins with a clear head. Don’t let alcohol, drugs or fatigue as other laws when used on motor vehicles used on public highways, especially in impair your judgment. Start installation when you are fresh. states where pollution laws may apply. Always check federal, state, and local laws before modifying your motorcycle. It is the sole and exclusive responsibility of the • Be sure all federal, state and local laws are obeyed with the installation. user to determine the suitability of the product for his or her use, and the user shall • For optimum performance and safety and to minimize potential damage to assume all legal, personal injury risk and liability and all other obligations, duties, carb or other components, use all mounting hardware that is provided and and risks associated therewith. follow all installation instructions. The words Harley®, Harley-Davidson®, H-D®, Sportster®, Evolution®, and all H-D Motorcycle exhaust fumes are toxic and poisonous and must not be breathed. -
Uniform Fuels and Automotive Lubricants Regulation
Handbook 130 – 2020 IV. Uniform Regulations G. Uniform Fuels and Automotive Lubricants Regulation G. Uniform Fuels and Automotive Lubricants Regulation Table of Contents Section Page Section 1. Definitions ............................................................................................................................................... 187 1.1. ASTM (ASTM International). ................................................................................................................ 187 1.2. Antiknock Index (AKI). .......................................................................................................................... 187 1.3. Automatic Transmission Fluid. ............................................................................................................... 187 1.4. Automotive Fuel Rating. ......................................................................................................................... 187 1.5. Automotive Gasoline, Automotive Gasoline-Oxygenate Blend. ............................................................ 187 1.6. Aviation Gasoline. .................................................................................................................................. 187 1.7. Aviation Turbine Fuel. ............................................................................................................................ 187 1.8. Biodiesel. ............................................................................................................................................... -
Lubricating Oil Composition and Additive Therefor Having Improved Wear Properties
(19) TZZ ¥_T (11) EP 2 949 738 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 02.12.2015 Bulletin 2015/49 C10M 141/10 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 15170007.7 (22) Date of filing: 31.05.2015 (84) Designated Contracting States: (72) Inventors: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB • Lagona, Jason A. GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO Richmond, VA 23225 (US) PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR • Loper, John T. Designated Extension States: Richmond, VA 23233 (US) BA ME Designated Validation States: (74) Representative: Dunleavy, Kevin James MA Mendelsohn, Drucker & Dunleavy, P.C. p/o De Vries & Metman (30) Priority: 30.05.2014 US 201462005135 P Overschiestraat 180 01.05.2015 US 201514701899 1062 XK Amsterdam (NL) (71) Applicant: Afton Chemical Corporation Richmond, Virginia 23219 (US) (54) LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION AND ADDITIVE THEREFOR HAVING IMPROVED WEAR PROPERTIES (57) A compression-ignited engine lubricant and a compound or anhydride thereof, and optionally, (iv) a method for reducing engine wear. The lubricant includ- nonaromatic dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, wherein the ing, (a) a base oil; (b) oleamide; (c) zinc dihydrocarbyl hydrocarbyl group of the hydrocarbyl-dicarboxylic acid dithiophosphate; and (d) a functionalized dispersant. The or anhydride has a number average molecular weight of functionalized dispersant is made by reacting together greater than 1800 Daltons as determined by gel perme- (i) a hydrocarbyl-dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, (ii) a ation chromatography. polyamine, (iii) a dicarboxylcontaining fused aromatic EP 2 949 738 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 949 738 A1 Description RELATED APPLICATION 5 [0001] This application claims priority to provisional application Serial No. -
When Your Car Leaks Oil on the Street, Remember It's Not Just Leaking Oil on the Street
When your car leaks oil on the street, Remember it’s not just leaking oil on the street. Leaking oil goes from car to street. Then it gets washed from the street into the storm drain and into our lakes, rivers, and streams. Now imagine the number of cars in the area and you can imagine the amount of oil that finds its way from leaky gaskets into our water. So please, fix oil leaks. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, One Winter Street, Boston, MA 02108 Clean water is important to all of us. Clean Water Tips: It’s up to all of us to make it happen. In recent years, sources How can you fertilize and of water pollution like industrial wastes from factories have help keep our waters been greatly reduced. Now, more than 60 percent of water clean? pollution comes from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms and gardens, and failing septic tanks. All these sources add up to a big pollution problem. But each of us can Check for oil leaks from your do small things to help clean up our water too—and that adds vehicle regularly and fix them promptly! up to a pollution solution! Never dispose of oil or other engine Why do we need clean water? fluids down the storm drain, on the Having clean water is of primary importance for our health ground, or into a ditch. Recycle used motor oil. For more and economy. Clean water provides recreation, commercial information on recycling, contact opportunities, fish habitat, drinking water, and adds beauty to the closest DEP regional office. -
OIL and Your Engine
OIL and your engine Foreword Bearing failure, piston ring sticking, and excessive oil consumption are classic symptoms of oil-related engine failure. How do you avoid them? There are numerous ways, three of the most important being Scheduled Oil Sampling (S·O·S SM), regular maintenance of the lubrication system, and the use of correct lubricants. Following these recommendations can mean the difference between experiencing repeated oil related engine failure and benefiting from a productive and satisfactory engine life. This booklet attempts to tell the story of oil: what it is composed of and what its functions are, how to identify its contamination and degradation, typical consequences, and some preventive measures to help you protect your engine against the devastating effects of oil related engine failure. Understanding Oil Function Engine oil performs several basic functions in order to provide adequate lubrication. It works to keep the engine clean and free from rust and corrosion. It acts as a coolant and sealant; and it provides an oil film cushion that keeps metal-to- metal contact to a minimum, thereby reducing friction and wear. But these are only the basic functions of oil. It is the particular demands of a given application and the special conditions under which an oil is used that largely determine the numerous additional functions oil must perform. These additional functions make choosing the correct oil for the job vital. The selection of a suitable lubricating oil should be based on the engine performance requirements as specified by the manufacturer, as well as the application and the quality of the available fuel. -
Ecopower Motor Oil Includes Grades 5W-20, 5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40, 20W-50, 10W, 30, SAE 30 Safety Data Sheet SDS ID: 820038
EcoPower Motor Oil Includes Grades 5W-20, 5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40, 20W-50, 10W, 30, SAE 30 Safety Data Sheet SDS ID: 820038 Section 1 - PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION Material Name ECOPOWER MOTOR OIL Includes Grades: 5W-20, 5W-30, 10W-30, 10W-40, 20W-50, 10W, 30, SAE 30 Synonyms Petroleum oil; Lube oil; Petroleum hydrocarbon; Lubricant. Product Use Recommended Use For lubricating passenger car motors. If this product is used in combination with other products, refer to the Safety Data Sheets for those products. Restrictions on Use None known. FOR PRODUCT MANUFACTURED IN THE U.S.A.: MANUFACTURER SUPPLIER (in Canada) Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc. Safety-Kleen Canada, Inc. 42 Longwater Drive 25 Regan Road Norwell, MA 02061-9149 Brampton, Ontario, L7A 1B2 U.S.A. Canada FOR PRODUCT MANUFACTURED IN CANADA: MANUFACTURER SUPPLIER (in the U.S.A.) Safety-Kleen Canada Inc. Safety-Kleen Systems, Inc. 25 Regan Road 42 Longwater Drive Brampton, Ontario, L7A 1B2 Norwell, MA 02061-9149 Canada U.S.A. www.safety-kleen.com Phone: 1-800-669-5740 Emergency Phone #: 1-800-468-1760 Issue Date March 19, 2020 Supersedes Issue Date March 30, 2017 Original Issue Date October 31, 1988 Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification in accordance with Schedule 1 of Canada’s Hazardous Products Regulations (HPR) (SOR/2015-17) and paragraph (d) of 29 CFR 1910.1200 in the United States Not hazardous according to classification criteria. GHS Label Elements Symbol(s) None needed according to classification criteria. Signal Word None needed according to classification criteria. Hazard Statement(s) None needed according to classification criteria.