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Issue Full File VOLUME IV ISSUE I June 2021 ISSN 2667-4432 https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/juhis JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL HISTORY STUDIES JUHIS indexed by: EBSCO, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus(Master List), Index Islamicus, J-Gate, Cite Factor, Directory of Research Journals Indexing(DRJI), Academic Resource Index, Scientific Indexing Services(SIS), Journal Factor, Cosmos, Eurasian Scientific Journal Index(ESJI), Rootindexing, International Instıtute of Organized Research(I2OR), General Impact Factor(GIF), ROAD, Kaynakça.info, Academic Journal Index, ASOS Index, World Catalogue of Science Journals(WCOSJ), İSAM, Crossref, Scilit, Electronic Journals Library(EZB), Haw Hamburg University Library, Leipzig University Library, German Union Catalogue of Serials(ZDB), İdeal Online, World Cat, Initiative for Open Citations(I4OC), Stanford University Libraries, Researchgate, Base Index, Journals Directory, Scientific Journal Impact Factor(SJIF), Wizdom.ai, International Scientific Indexing(ISI), Göttingen State and University Library(SUB), Leibniz Information Centre for Science and Technology University Library(TIB), İnfoBase Index, Carolina University. JUHIS is an international, peer-reviewed journal, published every six months and two issues per year (June and December). e-mail: [email protected] Düzce-2021 i Editor in Chief Dr. Sabit DOKUYAN/Düzce University Co-Editor Dr. Selma GÖKTÜRK ÇETİNKAYA/ Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Section Editors History Section Editors Dr. Mustafa KESKİN/ Erciyes University(Emeritus) Dr. Remzi KILIÇ/ Erciyes University Dr. Ersin MÜEZZİNOĞLU/ Karabük University Dr. Neslihan ALTUNCUOĞLU/ Erciyes University Archaeology Section Editor Dr. Nurperi AYENGİN/ Düzce University, Turkey Advisory Board Dr. Bünyamin KOCAOĞLU/ Ondokuz Mayıs University Dr. Enis ŞAHİN/ Sakarya University Dr. Jamshid ROOSTA/ Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman Dr. Mustafa KESKİN/ Erciyes University (Emeritus) Dr. Remzi KILIÇ/ Erciyes University Editorial Board Dr. Abdullah Kutalmış YALÇIN/ Düzce University ii Dr. Anar RAHİMOV/ Khazar University Dr. Claudia IOV/ Universitatea Babeş Bolyai Dr. Dilara USLU/ Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Dr. Emzar MAKARADZE/ Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Dr. Erhan YOSKA/ Erciyes University Dr. Ersin MÜEZZİNOĞLU/ Karabük University Dr. Haluk SELVİ/ Sakarya University Dr. Haşim ERDOĞAN/ Hacı Bektaş Veli University Dr. Hava SELÇUK/ Erciyes University Dr. Hussein KASASBEH/ Mutah University Dr. Ivelin Argirov IVANOV/ University of Veliko Tarnovo Dr. Jie LYU/ Renmin University Dr. Kaya Tuncer ÇAĞLAYAN/ Ondokuz Mayıs University Dr. Mansour AMİNİ/ UCSI University Dr. Mikail ACIPINAR/ İzmir Katip Çelebi University Dr. Mohammad Saleh BANI ISSA/ Middle East University Dr. Mohammed Ibrahim ABU EL-HAIJA/ Middle East University Dr. Mohsen MORSALPOUR/ Sistan and Baluchestan University Dr. Muhidin MULALİC/ International University of Sarajevo Dr. Murat KARATAŞ/ Abdullah Gül University Dr. Nazim MUSTAFA/ Presidential Library, Azerbaijan iii Dr. Neslihan ALTUNCUOĞLU/ Erciyes University Dr. Nurperi AYENGİN/ Düzce University Dr. Osman KÖSE/ Police Academy, Turkey Dr. Ökkeş NARİNÇ/ Namık Kemal University Dr. Reza Ekhtiari AMİRİ/ University of Mazandaran Dd. Serap FİSO/ International University of Sarajevo Dr. Sevilay ÖZER/ Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Dr. Stefano TAGLİA/ The Oriental Institute of Prague, The Czech Republic Dr. Stipica GRGİC/ University of Zagreb Dr. Süleyman ÖZBEK/ Hacı Bayram Veli University Dr. Yuliya BİLETSKA/ Karabük University Dd. Wameedh Sarhan AL-RUBAYE/ Irak Middle Technical University Dr. Zugravu NELU/ Universitatea Alexandru Ion Cuza din Iaşi Layout Editor Dd. Ahmet Coşkun TEKİN/ Teacher Foreign Language Advisor Mehmet GÜZEL/ Teacher Editorial Secretariat Dd. Ahmet Coşkun TEKİN/ Teacher Proofreader Raziye ERDOĞDU/ Teacher iv Issue Referees Dd. Abdullah ERDOĞAN/ Erciyes University Dr. Abdullah Kutalmış YALÇIN/ Düzce University Dr. Ahmet TOKSOY/ Adnan Menderes University Dr. Arif KOLAY/ Dumlupınar University Dr. Aysun SARIBEY HAYKIRAN/ Adnan Menderes University Dr. Billy NYADERA/ Marmara University Dr. Ersin MÜEZZİNOĞLU/ Karabük University Dr. Hasan TUNCER/ Hacı Bektaş Veli University Dr. Muammer ULUTÜRK/ Necmettin Erbakan University Dr. Muhidin MULALİC/ International University of Sarajevo Dr. Neslihan ALTUNCUOĞLU/ Erciyes University Dd. Onur Sadık KARAKUŞ/ Düzce University Dr. Pınar ÜLGEN/ Gaziosmanpaşa University Dr. Refik ARIKAN/ Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Dr. Selma GÖKTÜRK ÇETİNKAYA/ Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Dr. Naseraddin ALIZADEH/ Karabük University v CONTENTS Research Articles 1 A Week of Mayhem: The July 30 Insurgency in the Gambia Bir Kargaşa Haftası: Gambiya’da 30 Temmuz Ayaklanması Akpojevbe Omasanjuwa-Modu Lamın Tarro (1-29) 2 Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in İstihbarat Şeflerinden Ahmed Celaleddin Paşa: “Gözdelikten Firara” Hayatı ve Faaliyetleri Ahmed Celaleddin Pasha, One of the Intelligence Chiefs of Sultan Abdulhamid II: His Life and Activities from Favorite of the Sultan to Desertion Emre Gör (30-53) 3 Red Terror in Azerbaijan: The Case of the “Reserve Rightwing Trotskyite Center of the Counterrevolutionary Nationalist Organization” (1938-1956) Azerbaycan'da Kızıl Terör: “Sağ-Troçki Karşı Devrimci Milliyetçi Örgütün Yedek Merkezi’nin” Tarihi (1938-1956) Aydın Alizade (54-66) 4 The Medieval Bosnian State as an Elective Monarchy Bir Seçim Monarşisi Olarak Ortaçağ Bosna Devleti Filip Novaković (67-78) 5 Türk Siyasi Hayatında Yeniden Milli Mücadele Hareketi (1967-1980) Anew National Struggle Movement in the Turkish Political Life (1967-1980) Abdullah Kutalmış Yalçın (79-97) vi 6 Moğol Tahakkümü Sürecinde Sultan Öyüğü Uc Bölgesi Sultan Oyugi Region During the Mongolian Domination Process Cem Boz (98-113) Book Review 7 Yontuların Dili: Hitit Geç-Hitit Dünyası / Erdal Yazıcı Voice of Sculptures: Hittite Neo-Hittite World / Erdal Yazıcı Efecan Anaz (114-117) vii Editörden Kıymetli Okuyucular Journal of Universal History Studies(JUHIS) Haziran sayısıyla karşınızdayız. Yeni sayımızda çeşitli konularda ve farklı dönemlere ait 7 bilimsel çalışmayı sizlere sunuyoruz. Bu çalışmaların içerisinde; Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet dönemine ışık tutan makalelerin yanı sıra, daha eski tarihler hakkında bizleri aydınlatan makaleler de yer almaktadır. Dergimizin yeni sayısının hazırlık aşamasında hem çalışmalarını dergimize yollayan yazarlarımıza hem de hakemlik yaparak derginin daha üst seviyelere çıkması için katkı sağlayan değerli hakemlerimize çok teşekkür ediyoruz. Dergi olarak en büyük amacımız; her yeni sayıda kendimizi geliştirerek bilim dünyasına katkı sağlayacak çalışmaları sizlere ulaştırmaktır. Diğer sayımız aralık ayında yayınlanacaktır. Kıymetli tarihçiler ve araştırmacıların çalışmalarını bekliyoruz. Diğer sayımızda görüşmek üzere, sağlıklı ve ilim dolu günler diliyorum… Doç. Dr. Sabit DOKUYAN Şef Editör Haziran 2021/Düzce viii From Editor Dear Readers, We are here with the June issue of our journal,Journal of Universal History Studies(JUHIS). In our new issue, we present 7 scientific studies on various subjects and from different periods. In these studies, in additon to the articles that shed light on Ottoman and Republic of Turkey periods, there are also articles that enlighten us about the ancient history. We would like to thank both the authors who sent their works to the journal turing the preperation of the new issue of our journal and our valuable referees who contributed to the higher levels of the journal by refeering. Our biggest goal as a journal; to develop ourselves in every new issue to contribute to the world of science. The next issue will be published in december. We expect the work of esteemed historians and researchers. I wish you healthy and scientific days to see in our other issue… Assoc. Prof. Dr Sabit DOKUYAN Editor in Chief June 2021 /Düzce ix A Week of Mayhem: The July 30 Insurgency in the Gambia 1 Bir Kargaşa Haftası: Gambiya’da 30 Temmuz Ayaklanması Submission Type: Research Article Received-Accepted: 14.06.2020 / 04.10.2020 pp. 1-29 Journal of Universal History Studies (JUHIS) • 4(1) • June • 2021 • Akpojevbe Omasanjuwa University of the Gambia, Lecturer, Department of Social Sciences, Gambia Email: [email protected] Orcid Number: 0000-0002-8005-3924 Modu Lamın Tarro University of the Gambia., Kanifing, The Gambia. Email: [email protected] Orcid Number: 0000-0002-4973-4334 Cite: Omasanjuwa, A , Tarro, M . (2021). A Week of Mayhem: The July 30 Insurgency in the Gambia . Journal of Universal History Studies , 4 (1) , 1-29 . DOI: 10.38000/juhis.752635 1 This article is analyzed by two reviewers and it is screened for the resemblance rate by the editor/ Bu makale iki hakem tarafından incelenmiş ve editör tarafından benzerlik oranı taramasından geçirilmiştir. * In this article, the principles of scientific research and publication ethics were followed/ Bu makalede bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine uyulmuştur. * The co-author composed part III which is an account of his experience “The July 30 Mayhem: An Eye Witness Explanation Eye Witness Account” based on his experience of what transpired in the Field Force Barracks (where he was born and raised) during the uprising. * This work is licensed under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 2.0 (Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike). 1 Journal of Universal History Studies (JUHIS) • 4(1) • June • 2021 • pp. 1-29 Abstract The paper explains the emergence of political parties in The Gambia before and after independence and how they fared during presidential and parliamentary elections till an insurgency nearly toppled
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