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Xvi Cent. Italian Partisan and Spetum

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XVI CENT. ITALIAN PARTISAN AND SPETUM SOURCES ACHILLE MAROZZO, Opera Nova, book IV, 1536 ANTONIO MANCIOLINO, Opera Nova, book VI, 1531 FRANCESCO ALTONI, Monomachia, book II, XVI cent RELATORS Andrea Morini & Devis Carli – SALA D'ARME ACHILLE MAROZZO Polearms are metal weapons put on a very long wooden shaft (which can be reinforced by metal strips) in order to increase their offensive and defensive distance. Their shapes heavily depend on the type of polearm, place and date of fabrication. Dimensions vary depending on the type of weapon. Since the shafts were made of wood, which is a very perishable material, we don’t have many original weapons. Most of them are blades put on a new shaft, or blades alone. The peculiarity of these weapons is their length, which influences offensive, defensive potential and wielding. Agriculture tools were used in war even without modification, but were only slightly improved to reach their full performance as weapons. In the treatises is fairly common the use of: poleaxe, halberd, bill, spetum, partesan, big partesan, spear and pike. ANDREA MORINI & DEVIS CARLI XVI CENT. ITALIAN PARTISAN AND SPETUM PARTISAN Pietro Monte (Book I, Chap. 1) tells us the partisan is a roughly two meters long weapon, that is to say the distance from ground level to the raised hand of a man. The partisan had a simple triangular blade, put on a square or octagonal (says Francesco Altoni) shaft. Both its edges were sharp. Two prongs (curved little wings) were later added in the blade’s base. The first kind of partisans (without prongs) disappeared during the XVII century, while a lot of the second kind (with prongs), with maybe a better finish and slightly more decorative, managed to survive. The partisan is used mainly to thrust, but also to cut. HEMAC Dijon 2014 page 2 of 14 all rights reserved ANDREA MORINI & DEVIS CARLI XVI CENT. ITALIAN PARTISAN AND SPETUM Partesan Guards Marozzo uses three guards for this weapons, named First, Second and Third, based on the order of presentation in the techniques of the treatise. The complete position of these guards is extrapolated from the text; following the execution of parries and thrusts, we can deduce the position of chest and arms. I GUARD First guard has the left foot in leading position, towards the opponent. The right foot is at 90° relative to left foot, the distance between the two feet is about two feet. The legs must always be slightly bent, for quick movements, advances and retreats. Right arm is flexed at 90°, hand and shoulder approximately following the same horizontal line, elbow must not be positioned too much behind the chest. The right hand wields the shaft near the extremity, with the palm directed downwards. Left arm is near the body. Left hand is positioned at about half shaft, palm upwards. Torso is in 3/4 position. The weapon is straight in front of you: the blade is towards your left side, in a “wide guard”. Flat of the blade is downwards. II GUARD Second guard is similar to the previous guard, but the right foot is in leading position, towards the opponent. The change of feet, passing from First to Second Guard, modifies the position of the chest. Now it is exactly in front of the opponent, and the shoulders are equally far from him. Moving from these guards, you risk to shift the arms to your left. So Marozzo suggests to keep with your arms well straight on the right side (“con le tue bracie ben disteso per lo dritto”). This is to say you must keep the left arm central on your chest, and the right arm exactly as it was in the first guard. The resulting guard is quite uncomfortable. III GUARD Third guard in the flipping of the first one, with right foot and arm in leading position. • Althought Achille Marozzo and Antonio Manciolino use the partesan in an analog way, the former keeps the front hand with the palm directed upwards, while the latter uses it with the palm directed downwards. • Marozzo deals with the concepts of “inside” and “outside” of the guard. “Inside” is the part of your body you invite your opponent to hit. Eg: If your weapon is on the left, then the “inside” is your right part of the body, and viceversa. HEMAC Dijon 2014 page 3 of 14 all rights reserved ANDREA MORINI & DEVIS CARLI XVI CENT. ITALIAN PARTISAN AND SPETUM Partesan Plays I PLAY Francesco Altoni explains how to “fight the weapons of the opponent”, shifting them from the line. Cap[ito]lo XIII Levasi questa arme di guardia spignendola a terra, o da destro, o da sinistro, appoggiando il filo che sta come si è detto da canti a l'aste sotto il ferro del nimico, e si cresce da quel lato che l'arme avversaria è sospinta, tirandoli una punta per la vita, come per esempio, se io ho sospinta l'arme inimica dal lato sinistro debbo crescere col sinistro piede, se ho sospinta da lato destro crescere col piè destro, e mettersi in atto da potere ire innanzi et al traverso come meglio venga a proposito. Description First Guard, with the point towards the opponent's chest With the right edge, push the opponent's shaft towards the right, and step with the right foot to the right OR With the left edge, push the opponent's shaft towards the left, and step with the left foot to the left Thust to the body II PLAY Extremely simple technique: force the opponent to attack the leg, then parry and respond. Seconda parte Hora essendo arrivato apresso del tuo inimico per farte avertito, che quando te trovasse a uno simile parangone, io voglio che sempre mai tu pigli la Partesana tua manescamente: cioè li nodi della tua mano dritta seranno a l'insuso e l polso della detta a l'ingioso volto, e li nodi della mano mancha seranno volti a l'ingioso, e l polso serà volto a l'insuso al contrario luno de l'altro, e farai che volendo tu essere paciente, io voglio per migliore tuo parato, che tu abbassi la tua mano mancha e la dritta voglio che tu l'alci per modo, che la ponta della sopradetta serà apresso terra, e lì anderai astrengiando il tuo inimico: cioè fa ch'el piè dritto caci il mancho per fino a tanto che lui tirerà, o d'alto, o da basso. Ma io voglio prima preponere, che lui te tirre da basso una ponta a quella gamba mancha, e tu presto con l'asta tua tu la butterai inentro verso le tue parte dritte, e sì li darai a lui de una ponta, passando un poco del tuo piè mancho inanci in el petto, o in la facia non lassando mai la Partesana tua con la mano mancha, e pure aritornando in quella medesima Guardia, e lì serai un'altra volta paciente. Description First guard (left foot forward) Pressing the opponent with half steps Thrust to left leg Parry towards your right Lunge with left foot and thrust to the face or chest Return in First guard HEMAC Dijon 2014 page 4 of 14 all rights reserved ANDREA MORINI & DEVIS CARLI XVI CENT. ITALIAN PARTISAN AND SPETUM III PLAY Same tactic as previous technique, expose upper body, then parry and respond. Tertia parte Ma sappi che essendo tornato in quella Guardia come prima te dissi in nella parte precedente, tu te metterai con la Partesana tua, pure come io te amaiestrai in la prima parte di questo, e de qui voglio che tu abassi forte la ponta della tua sopradetta, in verso terra, aciochè le tue parte di sopra sieno discoperte, e questo facio solo ad effetto, aciochè lui habia causa legitima de tirarti alle bande sopradette de sopra. Ma sappi che tragandote in quello luoco de ponta, o de taglio, tu li darai de l'asta tua in la botta che lui tirerà, cioè inentro verso le tue parte dritte, faciandoti intendere che quando tu farai tali parato, l'è di bisogno, che tu abassi la tua mano dritta tirandola a te, per fino alla cintura non movendo la mancha, e parato che tu haverai la detta botta, tu li darai a lui de una ponta, dove tu vederai il discoperto suo passando in tal tempo uno poco della tua gamba mancha inanci lassando giocare l‟asta tua sempre per la mano mancha non l'abandonando mai, fatto questo tu te tirerai dui, o tri passi indrieto, e sì te assetterai con la tua gamba dritta inanci ben polito per traverso con le tue bracie ben disteso per lo dritto, tenendo pure la ponta della detta Partesana inverso terra, & lì serai agiente, e paciente come a te piacerà. Description First Guard, point of the partesan pointing downwards, to urge the opponent to attack upper target. High thrust or cut Parry towards your right Lunge with your left foot and thrust to the opponent, wherever he’s unguarded Take two or three steps back Second Guard HEMAC Dijon 2014 page 5 of 14 all rights reserved ANDREA MORINI & DEVIS CARLI XVI CENT. ITALIAN PARTISAN AND SPETUM IV PLAY First part uses the normal parry and response, but, should the opponent parry, you can change direction and strike the lower body. Quarta parte Essendo rimaso con la gamba dritta inanci, io voglio che tu sie paciente, perché le tue bande manche seranno discoperte, e imperò l'è forcia che lo inimico te tire al ditto descoperto, ma sape che tragandoti lui de botta alcuna da basso, o da alto, tu te reparerai con l'asta tua, fermo le tue gambe, s'entende che tu butti la Partesana del nimico inverso le tue parte dritte, e parato che tu haverai la botta sua, tu crescerai della gamba tua mancha per lo dritto del nimico, e sì li darai de una ponta per la facia, ma guarda ben che quando lui butterà per paura della detta ponta, via la Partesana tua infuora verso alle tue parti manche tu li darai de uno taglio, o ponta in nella sua gamba mancha, o dritta che serà inanci, e per tuo areparo, tu tirerai presto la tua gamba mancha apresso della dritta, e sì andarai in guardia polito con la ponta della Partesana tua a terra, buttando in uno tempo presto la gamba mancha tua de drieto dalla dritta, in tal buttare io voglio che tu scambi le tue mane per utilitade: cioè tu butterai dinanci la dritta a l'asta tua e la mancha de drito, & a questo modo tu serai de dentro, e l'tu nimico serà di fuora, e de qui tu puoi essere agiente, e paciente secondo che li acaderà.
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