Sanskrit for LATEX 2ε Version 2
Charles Wikner
1 Contents
Introduction 3
Upgrading from Version 1 3
Illustrations of Input and Devan¯agar¯ıOutput 4
Illustrations of Basic Transliteration 4
Illustrations of Technical Transliteration 5
Vedic Accent Marking 6
Dynamic Option Selection 7
Control Options (0–11) 8
Transliteration Options (20–38) 10
Devan¯agar¯ıCharacter Options (40–79) 11
Devan¯agar¯ıSam. yoga Options (100–199) 11
The Pre-processor: skt.c 14
The skt package: skt.sty 15
Supplementary Notes 15
Installation 17
Sample Text from R. gveda 10.125. 20
1 Sample Text from S¯amaveda 21
Sam. yoga Table 24
2 Introduction
The package contains the font files and pre-processor for printing Sanskrit text in both devan¯agar¯ı and transliterated Roman with diacritics. Some features of the devan¯agar¯ı font: • Font available in three weights and two slopes. • The i-hooks connect to the consonants at the correct positions. • Accents for all Vedas (R. gveda, S¯amaveda, Taittir¯ıya), etc. • Accent marking in colour or grey shading. ú • Choice of character forms (e.g. A/º) and sam. yoga (e.g. ã*.aÁ /Vca). • Range of intra- and inter-syllable spacing. • Dynamic option selection. Some features of the transliterated Roman: • Full accent marking and stacking in basic transliteration mode. • Four ‘cases’ (as per S. M. Katre) in technical transliteration mode. • Each transliteration mode has four styles: Roman/italic × bold/normal. Indebtedness to the earlier work of Frans Velthuis and Dominik Wujastyk is acknowledged: the overall structure and encoding is based upon theirs.
Upgrading from Version 1
Every file in this package differs greatly from the Version 1 release, so all need to be replaced, and all related pixel files (e.g. skt*.pk) should be deleted. While this is essentially a major upgrade to Version 1, there are some changes that impact on the users’ files (those with a .skt extension): • The accent marking symbols, < and >, have changed. • The punctuation marks !‘’[] no longer pass through as Roman. (But see page 14 for producing them in version 2.) • The option file (skt.opt) is no longer used; instead the selection of options is included anywhere within the .skt file. • Any direct access of the skt font (e.g. \symbol{128}) should be checked against the new font map. • Any direct use of the \Z* commands which are defined in the style file, should be checked against their new definitions.
3 Illustrations of Input and Devan¯agar¯ıOutput
The following brief samples demonstrate the available styles of devan¯agar¯ı font and their encoding. In this mode upper case characters are disallowed. Note that the ‘larger’ option has been selected so that, in this 12pt document, the devan¯agar¯ı is printed at 14pt.
{\sktb te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} .te!a.j!a: //a.~vana.!a:va:Da.a:ta:ma:~tua Á
{\skt te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} .te!a.j!a: //a.~vana.!a:va:Da.a:ta:ma:~tua Á
{\sktf te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} .te!a.j!a: //a.~vana.!a:va:Da.a:ta:ma:~tua Á
{\sktbs te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} .te!a.j!a: //a.~vana.!a:va:Da.a:ta:ma:~tua Á
{\skts te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} .te!a.j!a: //a.~vana.!a:va:Da.a:ta:ma:~tua Á
{\sktfs te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} .te!a.j!a: //a.~vana.!a:va:Da.a:ta:ma:~tua Á The intra- and inter-character spacing options give six steps of horizontal density; the extremes are: .nEa;va ; a;kM+: a;.ca;tk+.=+ea;ma;a; a;ta yua;+:ea ma;nyea;ta ta:va; a;va;t,a Á .nEa.va ;akM+ a.ca.tk;=.ea.maa.ata yua.;ea ma.nyea.ta tava.ava.t,a Á
Illustrations of Basic Transliteration
The same input may also be used to produce transliterated output. Note that the ‘iitalic’ option is selected, but not ‘xitalic’. ı {\sktx te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} tejasvi n¯avadh¯ıtamastu | ı {\sktX te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} tejasvi n¯avadh¯ıtamastu | ı {\skti te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} tejasvi n¯avadh¯ıtamastu | ı {\sktI te_ja_svi naa_vadhii!tamastu|} tejasvi n¯avadh¯ıtamastu | It can be seen from the above examples that sktX is a boldface version of sktx (i.e. also upright), and that sktI is similarly a boldface version of skti (also italic). The only difference between sktx/X and skti/I is that they may be independently selected as italic in the style file options. 4 The Western accent marking system may also be used: {\skti tejasvi’ naava’dhii‘tamastu|} tejasv´ı n¯av´a¯ı`dhtamastu | In this basic transliteration mode (sktx/X or skti/I) uppercase characters are allowed: these do not affect the transliteration encoding, but facilitate the printing of capital letters, for example: {\sktI Bhaarate Raamo vasati} Bh¯arate R¯amovasati
Illustrations of Technical Transliteration
As in the basic transliteration mode, there are four font styles selected through sktt/T or sktu/U; however, in this mode only the Western accent marking is allowed. This technical (grammatical) mode follows the style of S M Katre in his translation of the As..t¯adhy¯ay¯ı, having four ‘cases’ of letters.
Uppercase is used to indicate IT letters (e.g. praty¯ah¯ara aC): note that in this mode a mah¯apr¯an. a spar´sa (e.g. Bha) must have the ‘h’ in the same case as the previous letter. In the example given above, Bhaarate would produce an error: it needs to be bhaarate or BHaarate. The uppercase letters in this mode are slightly smaller than those in the basic transliteration mode. In this mode only, letters may also be preceded by the underscore character ‘_’. The effect that this has depends upon the case of the following letter: if the letter is lowercase, it will be underlined to indicate that its presence is for the sake of pronunciation only (e.g. jhaL); before an uppercase letter, it will reduce the size of the uppercase letter to the height of the lowercase letters to indicate technical words (e.g. IT). For example, the P¯an. ini s¯utra ..ca:ja;eaH ku ; a;Ga;NNya;ta;eaH Á Á 7 Á 3 Á 52 Á Á may be encoded in the technical mode as {\sktT c_a-j-o.h kU GH_I_T=.NyaT-o.h} to produce ca-j-oh. kU GHIT=N. yaT-oh.
This translates as: A substitute kU replaces c or j before N. yaT or [affixes] with GH as an IT marker.
5 Vedic Accent Marking
Since the significance of the devan¯agar¯ı accent marking may differ between Vedas (e.g. A is svarita in R. gveda, but ud¯atta in K¯a.thaka), the character used for encoding is, where possible, vaguely similar to the form used in the devan¯agar¯ı, and this form is largely retained in the transliterated output.
R. gveda etc. marking system: S¯amaveda and other accents: use option 6 to enable these in use option 7 to enable these in the basic transliteration mode. the basic transliteration mode. input skt skti sktt input skt skti sktt
ı 1 a! A a error a<1> A a error 2 a!! A aıı error a<2> A a error 3 a_ A! a see note a<3> A a error 2r ı A a"1 A1! a1 error a<2r> a error 2u ı a<2u> A a error a"3 A!3! a3 error 3k a<3k> A a error a.1 A1! a1 error ııı ı a A a error a.3 A3! a3 error a A a error Note: The underscore character is ˘ a A a´ error
The pre-processor only allows accents after a vowel, Vedic anusv¯ara, or n; where the vowel is nasalised as well, the nasalisation must be after the accent, i.e. a_# to produce A
Dynamic Option Selection
The selection and deselection of options may occur anywhere in the preamble (but after \usepackage{skt}) or in the body of the text. By default all options are deselected The options are used by the pre-processor and not passed to the .tex output file: be aware of this when using LATEX \include or \input commands. Each option comprises a numeric string in the range 0–199 followed by a + or - to respectively select or deselect the option: the options must be enclosed within square brackets to distinguish them from the rest of the text. Multiple options within the same square brackets should be separated by one or more spaces. For example, [40+] selects option 40, [40- 49+ 44+] deselects option 40 and selects options 44 and 49. (Details of the effects of the options are given in the next four sections.) The option selection must necessarily be within a {\skt...} group since this is the only text that is actually parsed by the pre-processor. Note that both square brackets, [ and ], need to be on the same input text line. For example: \documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage[larger]{skt} This will {\skt [40+]} % select alternate a print as: \begin{document} {\skt ak.sa.na [40- 49+ 44+]ak.sa.na[49- 44-]} º;[a;Na A:»a;¾a \end{document} Note that once an option is selected (anywhere in the file), it remains in effect until explicitly deselected, irrespective of {\skt...} groupings.
7 Control Options (0–11)
The control options are all those that do not affect character shapes in transliteration or devan¯agar¯ı.
Option 0: Set all options to known state. In documents such as this one, where the options are changed very often, it is useful from time to time to reset all options to the default state. Option 0+ will select all options, and option 0- will deselect them all.
Option 1: Set intraspace less than interspace. Option 2: Reduce interspace. Option 3: Minimum interspace. These three interact to set the horizontal space within devan¯agar¯ı words: options 2 and 3 provide three levels of interspace (the space between syllables), while option 1 selects the intraspace (space within a syllable, i.e. when the syllable vowel adds an extra vertical bar).
Illustration: 1 2 3 – – – A;ea;a;ma;tyea;ta;d;[a:=+a;ma;d> .sa;vRa;m,a Option selection: + – – A:ea; a:ma;tyea;ta;d;[a:=+ a:ma;d> .sa;vRa;m,a + = selected; – + – A:ea: a:ma:tyea:ta:d:[a.=; a:ma:d> .sa:vRa:m,a – = deselected; + + – A.ea: a.ma:tyea:ta:d:[a.=; a.ma:d> .sa:vRa:m,a x = don’t care. – x + A.ea: a.ma.tyea.ta.d.[a=: a.ma.d> .sa.vRa.m,a + x + Aea: ama.tyea.ta.d.[a=: ama.d> .sa.vRa.m,a
Option 4: Raise accents (less significant bit). Option 5: Raise accents (more significant bit). These two adjust the minimum spacing of devan¯agar¯ı accents above the hortizontal line, and may be used to minimize or eliminate the variation in the accent’s vertical position that arises due to vowel hooks etc. above the horizontal line — this is particularly important for the S¯amaveda accents.
8 Illustration: 4 5
– – :pa;a;va;k H :pa;d;a va:=+a;h;ea º;Byea; a;ta :=e+Ba;n,a Á Á
Option selection: + – :pa;a;va;k H :pa;d; a va:=+ a;h;e a º ;Byea; a;ta :=e +Ba;n,a Á Á
+ = selected; – + :pa;a;va;k H :pa;d; a va:=+ a;h;e a º ;Byea; a;ta :=e +Ba;n,a Á Á – = deselected; + + :pa;a;va;kH :pa;d;a va:=+a;h;ea º;Byea; a;ta :=e +Ba;n,a Á Á
Option 6: Enable R. g/Tait◦ accents in basic transliteration mode. The pre-processor treats the use of these accents in the basic transliteration mode as as an error unless this option is selected. The form of the accents approximates those of the devan¯agar¯ı.
Illustration: ;Da;a;t!a:=+a;ya;ntua .s!a;vRa;t!aH .~va;a;h;a Á :pr!a; a;t!a;ve!a;Za;ea;a;s!a Á :pra ma;a :pa;dùÅ;a;~ya Á Á ı ıı ı ı dh¯atar¯ayantu sarvatah. sv¯ah¯a | prative´sosi | pra m¯a padyasya ||
Option 7: Enable S¯amaveda etc. accents in basic transliteration mode. The pre-processor treats the use of these accents in the basic transliteration mode without this option selected, as as an error. The form of the accents follows those of the devan¯agar¯ı, but in Roman script.
Illustration: ma; a;h ;v.ra;taH Zua; a;.c a;ba;nDuaH :pa;a;va;k H :pa;d; a va:=+ a;h;e a º ;Byea; a;ta :=e +Ba;n,a Á Á 1 2 3 1 2 3 2 3 1 2 3 2 3k 2r 3 1 2 mahivratah. ´sucibandhuh. p¯avakah. pad¯av ar¯aho abhyetir ebhan ||
Option 8: Enable sam. yoga warnings. This enables the printing of warning messages by the pre-processor when using a vir¯ama in forming a sam. yoga. Given the range of sam. yoga supported by the font, this warning should only occur with very exotic syllables. Option 9: Enable obey-lines. Long lines to the output file are normally wrapped to limit their length to eighty characters (i.e. the output file will have more lines than the input file), but with this option enabled the output follows the input, line for line, irrespective of the resultant line length: a warning message will be printed if the line length exceeds 250 characters. It is helpful to have obey-lines active so that LATEX errors refer to the source line number of the .skt file. 9 Option 10: Enable discretionary hyphens. Without this option enabled, the pre-processor will discard any discretionary hyphens, \-, in the input text. Option 11: Enable auto-hyphenation.
The auto-hyphenation is extremely crude (it adds a discretionary hyphen after every vowel!), and should only be used for drafts.
Transliteration Options (20–38)
The following table illustrates the transliteration options available: option input default option 20 a~m a ˜m. am. 21 a~m a ˜m. a ˙m 22 a.m am. a ˙m 23 a"m a ˙m am. 24 a"m a ˙m an ¯ 25 .r/.r.r .r/¯r. .ri/r.¯ı Monier-Williams 26 .l/.l.l .l/.¯l lr. i/ lr.¯ı 27 "s ´s ˙s transliteration 28 .s .s sh scheme 29 "d ..d .l 30 "d d l .. ¯ 31 "d d d .. ¯ 32 "h h h .. ¯ 33 .o O ˜m Om Where multiple options apply 34 .o O ˜m OM to the same input (e.g. 33–37) 35 .o O ˜m OM the highest value of selected 36 .o O ˜m AUM option will apply. 37 .o O ˜m AUM 38 a# ˜a ˘a
The last option has a twofold application: firstly, depending on the font and size used, it may be used to overcome the difficulty distinguishing between the macron and the tilde (i.e. ¯a ˜a˘);a and secondly, it may be used in technical grammar to indicate an explicit short vowel (˘a) or long or short¯a˘ ()
10 Devan¯agar¯ıCharacter Options (40–79)
The table illustrates the basic character forms available: where multiple options apply to the same input (e.g. 65 and 75) the selected option with the highest value will apply. Although ks.a and j˜na are strictly speaking sam. yoga, they are nevertheless included here rather than in the next section. option input default option option input default option 40 a A º 61 1 1 ± 41 .r ³ 42 jha Ja ½ 64 4 4 ´ 43 "da L |a 65 5 5 µ 44 .na :Na .¾a 66 6 6 ¶ 45 tha Ta ¿a 46 la l a 68 8 8 ¸ 47 a~m A> A.gM,a 69 9 9 ¹ 48 a~m A> A 49 k.sa [a »a 75 5 5 ° 50 j~na :]a ¼a 51 "s ( ) 79 9 9 ² 52 "s.r Zxa (ax
Devan¯agar¯ıSam. yoga Options (100–199)
The table illustrates the basic sam. yoga options available. In general, the default sam. yoga is the most compact, and the options use a looser form: the latter may be easier to read, particularly when the combination is more unusual. In forming a complex sam. yoga two or more options may interact: for example, in forming the sam. yoga for ktya, options 103 and 108 both come into play so that there are three possibilities ( +.a :a #tya ). The Sam. yoga Table at the end of this document illustrates all varieties available. For those sam. yoga where it may appear preferable to use a vir¯ama (typically those beginning with .z f F .q or Q ), braces may be used. For example, ñÍ {\skt a"nk.s.na a{"n}k.s.na} produces A:*øá*ÎÉÅÅ A;z,+[Na. 11 option input default option option input default option ëÐÅ 101 kka ëÐ*:Á #k 136 thna îåÅTa Tna ëÐÅ 102 k"na ñÍ*; #z 137 ddya ùÅ+a a 103 kta #ta 138 ddvya ëùÅ+a ëa 104 ktra " #+a 139 ddhma .;ÄíåÅ+aÁ .;dÄâ a 105 #tva .;dÄùÅ;a .;dÄâ a ktva ëÐÅ 140 ddhya 106 kna *:îÅ #na 141 dbhya .;dÂåùÅ;a .;ÂåÅa 107 kma #ma 142 dma íåÅ+a da 108 kya k+.a #ya 143 dùÅ;a da ëÐÅ dya éÈåé 109 ì*:É #l îÅé:a ;Dna kla ëÐÅ 144 dhna îå 110 kva ë*:Á #va 145 nca ã*.a n.ca ËÉ îé 111 *.aîåÅ K.na ê*.a nia khna çÉ 146 nja îå 112 +;aîå gna a +;aîå gna È 147 nna 113 ghna *+åîÁ ;Gna 148 pta a :pta 114 cca a ..cca 149 pna :pîÅa :pna ã Å 115 c~na *.aúÁ ..c.Va 150 pla :pì;É :pl *.aãîåÅ ..cna :PîÅ :%na 116 cna à 151 phna 117 íéÅÉ*+a C.a :P+.a :%ya chma 152 phya ëâ 118 chya C.a 153 bna +;aîå b.na ê ëâ 119 jja êÁ*.a a 154 bba +;aëâ Á b.ba ê ëâ 120 jna *.aîåÅ .$na 155 bva +;aëÁ b.va ú å 121 ~nca ã*.aÁ Vca 156 bhna Bî.a Bna ú å å 122 ~nja ê*+Á Via 157 mna }î:a }.na ú åÅ 123 ~n~na *aúÅ VVa 158 mla }ì+É }l *aúîå Vna yîåÅa yna 124 ~nna æ 159 yna 125 íåÅ*;a fa l .tma Æ 160 lla ë 126 íåÅ*;a F:a îåÁ+;a v.na .thma 161 vna ë 127 F:a Fa +;aëÁ v.va .thya ñ 162 vva 128 .dma *;aíéÅ q:a 163 "sca ã(aÉ Z.ca q:a qa (îéa Zna 129 .dya Ñ 164 "sna Å 130 .dhma íåÅ*:a Q.a 165 "sla (ì;É Zl 131 .dhya Q.a Qa 166 "sva (õ;a Zva 132 .nna :NaîåÉ :Nna 167 .s.ta : :Sf 133 .nra :N.= :NÒa 168 .s.tha : :SF 134 tta a tta 169 .sna :SîÉa :Sna ïé 135 tna a tna 170 sna .=+:îåa .~na
12 option function option input default option 0 Set all to known state 40 a A º 1 Intraspace < interspace 41 ³ 2 Reduce interspace .r 3 Minimum interspace 42 jha Ja ½ 4 Raise accents (lsb) 43 "da L |a 5 Raise accents (msb) 44 .na :Na .¾a ◦ 6 Enable R. g/Tait accents 45 tha Ta ¿a in basic transliteration 46 l a 7 Enable S¯ama◦ etc. accents la in basic transliteration 47 a~m A> A.gM,a 8 Enable sam. yoga warnings 48 a~m A> A 9 Enable obey-lines 49 k.sa [a »a 10 Enable discr. hyphens 50 j na :]a ¼a 11 Enable auto-hyphenation ~ 51 "s ( ) Zxa (ax option input default option 52 "s.r 1 ± 20 a~m a ˜m. am. 61 1 21 a~m a ˜m. a ˙m 64 4 4 ´ 22 a.m am. a ˙m 65 5 5 µ 23 a"m a ˙m am . 66 6 6 ¶ 24 a"m a ˙m an ¯ 8 ¸ 25 .r/.r.r r/¯r ri/r¯ı 68 8 . . . . 9 ¹ 26 .l/.l.l .l/.¯l lr. i/lr.¯ı 69 9 27 "s ´s ˙s 75 5 5 ° 28 .s .s sh 79 9 9 ² 29 "d ..d .l 30 "d d l .. ¯ 31 "d d d .. ¯ Where an input has multiple options, 32 "h h h .. ¯ the highest value selected will apply. 33 .o O ˜m Om 34 .o O ˜m OM 35 .o O ˜m OM 36 .o O ˜m AUM SKT Options 37 .o O ˜m AUM 38 a# ˜a ˘a Summary Sheet
13 The Pre-processor: skt.c
This ANSI C program processes the source text file (with a default .skt filename extension) to produce a file suitable for LATEX 2ε (with a default .tex extension). For example, the command skt test will convert test.skt to test.tex; fuller filenames may be used, e.g. skt foo.bar will produce foo.tex, and skt foo.bar far.boo will produce far.boo from foo.bar. If no filename is specified, you will be prompted for input and output filenames. The program passes the text from the input file to the output file unaltered, until it finds the string ‘{\skt’. It then checks the following character(s) for the acceptable modifiers b f s bs fs x X i I t T u or U, and this must be followed by a space character: if this test fails it reports an error, otherwise the program converts the following input text to devan¯agar¯ı or transliteration format as required, until the matching ‘}’. The cycle is then repeated. Within the skt text, the following punctuation characters will be passed to the output as roman:
()*+,-/: ;=?
Furthermore, two successive periods ‘..’ will be passed to the output as a single roman period. This technique of repeating the character twice to produce a single roman character applies to the four characters [‘’] as well; and the two-character string ‘.!’ will pass through as a single roman exclamation mark. You will need to use {\sktx ‘‘a’{}’’} to produce ‘´’a (see Supplementary Notes for explanation). LATEX command strings embedded within the skt text will be passed to the output file unchanged — but beware: command parameters will be converted ! Thus commands without parameters (e.g. \clearpage) are safe, but commands with parameters (e.g. \hspace{3mm}) will cause problems unless the parameters are meant to be converted (e.g. \underline{naaman}). A complete list of the input encoding scheme, together with the resultant devan¯agar¯ı and transliterated output, is included at the end of this document.
Note: This program will stop passing text to the output file as soon as an error in the source file is detected; it will however, continue processing the input file until ten or more errors are encountered.
14 The skt package: skt.sty
The following statement needs to be in the preamble of the document: \usepackage[options]{skt} where ‘options’ may be any or all or none of the following: larger This will cause all devan¯agar¯ı text to be printed at a larger size than the prevailing environment. xitalic Text transliterated by sktx or sktX will use the italic font cmmit; the default is the upright cmr font. iitalic As for xitalic, but using skti and sktI. titalic As for xitalic, but for the technical modes sktt and sktT. uitalic As for titalic, but using sktu and sktU. This document uses the first, third, and fifth options, that is to say it has the statement \usepackage[larger,iitalic,uitalic]{skt}. This style file also allows page numbering to be in devan¯agar¯ı by using the LATEX command \pagenumbering{skt} — as has been done for this document. The size of the numerals will follow the ‘larger’ option. This package makes use of David Carlisle’s ifthen.sty which is included in the standard LATEX 2ε distribution, and Donald Arseneau’s relsize.sty which you may need to get from the CTAN archives.
Supplementary Notes
The program can be simply ‘fooled’ when necessary by inserting a LATEX null string ‘{}’: for example ‘{{}\skt >}’ will not be ‘seen’ by the pre-processor and thus passed to the output unchanged. LATEX will ignore the null string but respond to the \skt command and print > (which is the devan¯agar¯ı character in the position of the ASCII ‘>’ character). (A map of the font and access codes is included at the end of this document.) This requirement may arise (as for example in producing the font map) because the pre-processor requires that there be a vowel before an accent or anusv¯ara......
15 For those rare words that have two successive vowels in devan¯agar¯ı (such as in :pra;o+.ga) that the pre-processor would misinterpret (and this only applies to the combinations au and ai which the encoding scheme defines as single vowels, producing :pra;Ea;ga for example), there are three ways to fool the pre-processor; only the first of these is carried through to the transliteration modes: {\skt a{}iu.n| .r.lk| eo"n| aiauc|| pra{}uga pra{uga} pra% uga||} Note that, for the third method, there must be a newline immediately after the % — this is the TEX line continuation method. A;I+.o+.N,a Á +.+.k, Á O;A;ea;z, Á Oe;A;Ea;.c,a Á Á :pra;o+.ga :pra;o+.ga :pra;o+.ga Á Á a.i.un. | .r..lk | e.o˙n | ai.auc || pra.uga prauga prauga || The same trick may be used to split any multicharacter input, provided that what is either side of the {} is still valid, for example: {\skt tha t{}ha} produces Ta th......
Some LATEX commands are ‘fragile’ and balk at having skt commands within their arguments, e.g. \section{\skt bahuvriihi} produces the error message Undefined Control Sequence. To get around this sort of problem, define the skt argument outside the fragile command, e.g. \newcommand{\bahuvriihi}{\skt bahuvriihi} \section{\protect\bahuvriihi} ...... Finally, the simplest method of producing larger sizes of the font is to add the command \DeclareFixedFont{\bigskt}{OT1}{skt}{m}{n}{46mm} for example, in the preamble to the document, and then use {\skt \bigskt tattvamasi} in the text body. The result (in ‘lightgray’ to save ink) is: tava.ma. a.sa 16 Installation
If sktbugxx.txt files exist, you may want to implement any changes or patches first. Run the METAFONT program on the eight font source files (the typical command would be mf "\mode=ljfour; mag=1; input skt8;") to produce the .tfm files. If you are using dvips, then the .pk files will be produced automatically on demand; if not, then you will need to (1) Convert the .gf files with the command gftopk skt8.600gf (the number ‘600’ depends upon your printer resolution and the magnification) to produce skt8.600pk which must be placed in the appropriate subdirectory. (2) Repeat this process with all eight fonts. (3) For the six skt*10.mf files the whole process needs to be repeated with the mag value in the mf command set to 1.095, 1.2, 1.44, 1.728, 2.074 and 2.488. The mf_inputs path needs to point to the files with a .mf extension; the tex_fonts path should point to the .tfm files; the tex_inputs path should point to the files skt.sty and ot1skt.fd. The tex_exe (or other appropriate) path should point to skt.exe. To test the setup on this documentation file: first run the pre-processor skt sktdoc and then latex sktdoc. The files ifthen.sty, relsize.sty and multicol.sty are also required. The files in this package are: readme.txt An ASCII version of these installation notes and part of the introduction. skt.sty Style file (LATEX 2ε) for the skt-series fonts. ot1skt.fd Font descriptor file for the skt-series fonts. skt.c Pre-processor source program in ANSI C. sktdoc.skt Source file of documentation and samples. sktdefs.mf Common definitions of pens, macros, etc. for skt-series fonts. sktchars.mf Common character source file for skt-series fonts. sktligs.mf Ligature codes (in fact access codes for non-printing ASCII code characters) for the skt-series fonts. skt8.mf METAFONT source file for skt font at 8pt upright.
17 skt9.mf METAFONT source file for skt font at 9pt upright. skt10.mf METAFONT source file for skt font at 10pt upright. sktb10.mf METAFONT source file for skt font at 10pt bold upright. sktf10.mf METAFONT source file for skt font at 10pt feint upright. skts10.mf METAFONT source file for skt font at 10pt slanted. sktbs10.mf METAFONT source file for skt font at 10pt bold slanted. sktfs10.mf METAFONT source file for skt font at 10pt feint slanted. skt*.tfm Eight .tfm font files for above. sktbugxx.txt There may be a series of such files, where ‘xx’ is a two-digit number, listing reported bugs and (possibly) fixes or patches.
Suggestions and bug reports to: [email protected]
18 input skt skti input skt skti input skt skti k Y 0 a A or implicit a ka ka .a kha Ka kha | Á | aa A.a or ;a ¯a ga ga ga || ÁÁ || I ;a ? i or i gha ;Ga gha .o O ˜m ^ h ii IR or ;a ¯ı "na .z ˙na "h .. "da L da u o or u u ca ..ca ca .. "dha \h dha C cha Ö .. uu or U ¯u cha a@ A a◦ ja .ja ja .r or x .r .. . . jha Ja jha A< .r.r or X .¯r Va a# ˜a ~na ˜na ı a! A a .l or w .l .ta f .ta a!! A aıı .l.l or W ¯l .tha F .tha . a A! a .da .q d. a e O; or e e ı .dha Q d. ha a"1 A1! a1 Oe; or E ai ai .na :Na n. a ı a"3 A!3! a3 o A.ea or *ea o ta ta ta Ta a.1 A1! a1 au A.Ea or *Ea au tha tha da d da A3! ı a.m AM am a.3 a3 . dha ;Da dha AM a^ A au a"m a ˙m na na na a’ — ´a a m A> a ˜m pa :pa pa ~ . a‘ — `a a.h AH ah pha :P pha 1 . A a ba ba ba a<1> input skt skti 2 bha Ba bha a<2> A a 0 0 0 3 ma ma ma a<3> A a 1 1 1 ya ya ya A 2r 2 2 2 a<2r> a ra .= ra 2u 3 3 3 a<2u> A a la l la 3k 4 4 4 A a va va va a<3k> 5 5 5 ııı "sa Za ´sa a A a 6 6 6 A .sa :Sa sa a a 7 7 7 . ˘ sa .sa sa a A a´ 19 Sample Text from R. gveda 10.125.
º!:hM . !+.dÒe ; a.B!a:vRa:sua: a.Ba:(ãa.=:a:}y!a:h:ma.a:a.d!:tyEa. !+.taÉ ;a.v!a.(õ;a:de:vEaH Á É º!:hM ; a.m!a.a.a:va. +.¾a.e!a:Ba.a ;a.ba:Ba:}yR!a:h: a.ma:ndÒ :!a:+;a.aîåç º!:h:m!a: a(õ;a:na.e!a:Ba.a Á Á 1 Á Á
º!:hM .sa.ea:ma:ma.a:h!:na:sMa ;a.ba:Ba:}yR!a:hM tva:.a.=;mu!a:ta :pU!a:Sa:¾M!a Ba:ga:m,a Á º!:hM d:Da.a: a.m!a dÒ ;a.va:¾Ma h!:a.va:Sma:tea .sua:pra.!a:v.ye!a3! ya.ja:ma.a:na.a:ya .sua:nv!a:tea Á Á 2 Á Á
º!:hM .=:a:" .a .sM!a:ga:ma:na.!a va:sUa:na.Ma ; a..ca:a.k!+.tua:Sa.a :pra:T!a:ma.a y!a.:]a.a:ya.a:na.a:m,a Á ta.Ma ma.a :de!:va.a v.ya:d:DuaH :pua. !+a.a BUa:a=;~Ta.a.a.M!a BUa:ya.Ra:ve!a:Za:ya:nta.a:m,a Á Á 3 Á Á ma:ya.!a .sa.ea º:a:ma: a!a ya.ea ;a.v!a:pa:Zya: a.t!a yaH :pra.a: a.¾a: a.t!a ya I Zx!a:¾a.ea:tyu!a:+.m,a Á º!:m!a:nta:va.e!a ma.Ma ta o+pa ; a.[a:ya: //a.nta(ru!a: a.Da (rua:ta (ra: a;dÄâ! :vMa .tea va:d.a: a.ma Á Á 4 Á Á
º! :h:me!a:va .~v!a:ya: a.m!a:dM va:d.a: a.m!a .jua:M :de! :vea: a.Ba. !+.ta ma.a:nua:Sea: a.BaH Á yMa k+!a:ma:ye!a tMa:ta:mu!a:g{Ma kx +.¾a.ea: a.ma tMa b.r!a:.a:¾a.M!a ta.a:ma:a.SMx !a tMa .sua:me!a:Da.a:m,a Á Á 5 Á Á
º! :hM . !+.dÒ :a:y!a ;Da:nu!a.=:a ta:na.ea: a.ma b.ra:! :a.dõ:Se!a Za.= ;ve!a h:nt!a:va.a oÁ º! :hM .ja:na.a:ya .s!a:ma:dM kx +.¾a.ea:}y!a:hM dùÅ;a.a:va.a:pa: a.Tx !a:va.a º.a ;a.va:vea:Za Á Á 6 Á Á
º! :hM .sua:vea ;a.p!a:ta.= ;ma:~ya mU!a:DRa:n}å.a:m!a ya.ea: a.na.=!;p~va1! ;ntaH .sa:mu!a:dÒe Á ta:ta.e!a ;a.va ; a.ta:e! Bua:v!a:na.a:nu!a ;a.va.(õ;a.e!a:ta.a:mMUa dùÅ;a.Ma v!a:SmRa:¾a.ea:pa .~å.pa:Za.a: a.max Á Á 7 Á Á
º! :h:me!a:va va.a:ta I+v!a :pra va.a:}ya.!a.=;Ba:ma.a:¾a.!a Bua:va:na.a: a.n!a ;a.va.(õ;a Á :p!a.=:ea ;a.d! :va.a :p!a.= O;! :na.a :pa: a.Ta:v.yEa:ta.a:vx a:ta.a ma:a.h!:na.a .sMa ba:BUa:va Á Á 8 Á Á
20 Sample Text from S¯amaveda
S¯amaveda Sam. hit¯a (Kauthuma), verses 523–528.
:pra tua dÒ ;va :pa:a.= k+.ea:ZM a ; a:na :Sa:a:d na: a:Bx aH :pua:na:a:na:e a º : a:Ba va:a.ja:ma:SRa Á º :ZvMa na tva:a va:a: a.j a:nM a ma.jR a:y a:nta:e aY:.cC+ a va:h:R a .= ;Za:na: a: a:B a:nRa:ya: ///a:ntaÁ Á 523 Á Á
:pra k+.a:v.ya:mua:Z a:ne a:va b.rua:va:a:¾a:e a :de :va:ea :de :va:a:na:M a .ja: a:n a:ma:a ; a:va:va: a: Á ma: a:h :v.ra:taH Zua: a:.c a:ba:nDuaH :pa:a:va:k H :pa:d: a va.=; a:h:e a º :Byea: a:ta :=e ;Ba:n,a Á Á 524 Á Á
; a:ta:~ å:a:eò a va:a:.ca IR;=;ya: a:ta :pra va: a:îå +.³R :ta:~y a ;Da:a: a:tM a b.ra: :¾a:ea ma:na:a:Sa: a:m,a Á ga:a:va:e a ya: ///a:nta ga:ea:p a: a:tMa :pa:.cCx +ma:a:na: aH .sa:ea:mM a ya: ///a:ntama:t a:ya:e a va:a:va:Za:a:na: aH Á Á 525 Á Á
º :~ya :prea:Sa: a :he :ma:na: a :pUa:y a:ma: a:na:ea :de :va:ea :de :vea: a:B aH .sa:m a:p a:x .= ;sa:m,a Á .sua:t aH :pa: a:v a.M a :pa:yyeR a: a:t a :=e ;Ba: //////a:n} å.a:te a:v a .sa:íåÅ+a :pa:Zua:m a: ///a:nt a h:ea:ta:a Á Á 526 Á Á
.sa:ea:m aH :pa:va:tea .ja: a:na:ta: a ma:ta: a:na:M a .ja: a:n a:ta: a ; a:d :va:ea .ja: a:n a:ta: a :pa: a:Tx a:v.ya: aH Á
.ja: a:na:ta: a:gnea.jR a: a:na:ta: a .sUa:yRa:~ya .ja: a:na:te a:nd Ò ;~ya .ja: a:na:ta:e a:ta ; a:va:S¾a:eaH Á Á 527 Á Á
º : a:Ba ; a.a:p a:Mx va:Sx a:¾Ma .va:ya:ea:Da: a:m a: çñ*:+eÅÍ a: a:S a:¾ a:ma:va:a:va:Za:nt a va:a:¾a: aH va:na: a ba:sa: a:na:e a va. +.¾a:ea na ; a:sa:nDua: a:vR a .= ;a:Da: a d :ya:tea va:a:ya:R a: a:¾a Á Á 528 Á Á
21 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
00
10
20 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . /
30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
40 @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
50 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _
60 ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
70 p q r s t u v w x y z { | } ~
80
90
A0 ¡ ¢ £ ¤ ¥ ¦ § ¨ © ª « ¬ ® ¯
B0 ° ± ² ³ ´ µ ¶ · ¸ ¹ º » ¼ ½ ¾ ¿
C0 À Á Â Ã Ä Å Æ Ç È É Ê Ë Ì Í Î Ï
D0 Ð Ñ Ò Ó Ô Õ Ö × Ø Ù Ú Û Ü Ý Þ ß
E0 à á â ã ä å æ ç è é ê ë ì í î ï
F0 ð ñ ò ó ô õ ö ÷ ø ù ú û ü ý þ ÿ
Font Table: skt-series fonts (at 17.28pt).
22 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
00 i0 i3 i4 i5 i6 i7 i8 i9 Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7
10 ‘0 ‘1 ‘2 ‘3 ‘4 ‘5 ‘6 ‘7 ‘o ‘x ‘X ‘w ‘W r8 r9 ‘>
20 R2 ‘8 r1 k1 j1 P1 h1 r2 ( ) * + , - . /
30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ?
40 – A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
50 P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ L1 ] H1 R1
60 – a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o
70 p q r s t u v w x y z r4 L2 m1 s1 l1
80 k2 k3 k4 c1 C1 j2 t1 t2 t3 d1 n1 p1 l2 S1 S2 h2
90 t4 d2 m2 y1 y2 y3 h3 h4 h5 – – – ‘! ‘s ‘u ‘w
A0 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
B0 @0 @1 @2 ‘r @4 @5 @6 ‘R @8 @9 ‘A ‘[ ‘] ‘J ‘N ‘T
C0 – @A @B @C @D @E @F @G @H @I @J @K @L @M @N @O
D0 @P @Q @R @S @T @U @V @W @X @Y @Z – – – – –
E0 – @a @b @c @d @e @f @g @h @i @j @k @l @m @n @o
F0 @p @q @r @s @t @u @v @w @x @y @z – – – – –
Font Access Codes: skt-series fonts.
23 Sam. yoga Table
This lists the sam. yoga tested by the font: the first shown is the default; where it is affected by user-selectable options, all the possible forms are shown. The sources used in compiling this table, in order consulted, are: c Michael Coulson, Teach Yourself Sanskrit, pp. 22–24. m Monier-Williams, A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language, p. 2. p S. C. Vasu, As..t¯adhy¯ay¯ıof P¯an. ini, (Riddled with typo’s.) a J. E. Agenbroad, Difficult Characters: A Collection of Devanagari Conjunct Consonants, Int. Assoc. of Orientalist Librarians, Bulletin 38, pp. 17–53. ëÐÅ 1c kka ëÐ*:Á #k 21p ktha #Ta #¿a 39p k´sa #Za a p p ÉÅ 2 kkn. a ##Na ##¾a 22 kthna #TîåÅa #¿îåÅa 40 k´sla #(ì; #(ÌÅa #)ÌÅa ëÐÅ ëÐÅ Å 3a kkya ëÐ*:Á +.a ëÐ*;aÁ ##ya #¿na #Tna #)ì;É #Zl #Za 4a kk´sa ##Za 23p kthya #Tya #¿ya 41a k´s´sa #ZZa 5c kkha #Ka 24a kda #d 42c ks.a [a »a ëÐÅ 6a kkhya #K.ya 25c kna *:îÅ #na 43mks.n. a [Na »Na ëÐÅ ëÐÅ ëÐÅ 7p k˙na ñÍ*;#z 26c knya *:îÅ +.a *;aîÅ #nya »¾a [¾a 8c kca #:ca 27p kpa #pa 44p ks.n. ya [Nya »Nya 9p kcha #C 28p kpra #pra »¾ya [¾ya 10a kja #ja 29p kpha #P 45c ks.ma [ma »ma 11p kt.a #f 30c kma #ma 46a ks.mya [}ya »}ya 12a kt.ra #f" 31a kmya a #mya 47c ks.ya [ya »ya 13p kt.ha #F 32c kya k+.a #ya 48a ks.ra ['a »'a 14c kn. a #Na 33c kra kÒ 49a ks.la [l »l 15c kta #ta 34c krya kÒ+.a #Òya »a [a a c ëÐÉÅ ëÐ c 16 ktca #t:ca 35 kla ì*:#l #a Ì*+ÅÁ 50 ks.va [va »va ëÐÅ ëÐÅ ëÐ 17c ktya +.a :a #tya 36a klya *ìÉ+;aù ì*;a*É ÌÅÁ*.aù 51p ksa #sa ëÐ 18c ktra " #+a Ì*+.a#yaÅÁ 52a kst.a #~f ëÐÅ 19c ktrya " +.a " :a #+ya 37c kva ë*:Á #va 53a kst.ra #~f" ëÐÅ ëÐÅ å 20c ktva #tva 38c kvya ë*:Á +.a ë*;aÁ #v.ya 54a ksd. a #~.q 24 55p kstra #~:a 81p gda gd 108c ghra ;Gra 56a kspra #~å.pra 82a gddha g;dÄâ 109a ghrya ;Grya å Å å a 57a kspla #~.pì;É #~.pl 83a gddhva g;dÄö 110 ghla ;Gl ;Ga #~å.pa #~.påÌÅa 84a gdya gdùÅ;a gda 111p ghva ;Gva ñÍ 58p ksra #~å:aò 85a gdva gdõ 112c ˙nka öÐÅ*:Å ñÍ 59p ksva #~va 86a gdha gDa 113c ˙nkta ô*:ïåÅ Ù c ñÍ 60a khkha K.Ka 87a gdhya gDya 114 ˙nktya ô*ïåÅ Ùù+:aÁ a ïñÍ 61a khta K.ta 88a gdhra gDra 115 ˙nktra ô*:å'Å Ù É a Ë a a ïñÍ 62 khna *.aîåÅ K.na 89 gdhva gDva 116 ˙nktrya ô*åÅòÅ Ùù+:aÁ a ËÉ m îåçÉ ñÍ 63 khnya *.aaîåÅ K.nya 90 gna +;a gna 117a ˙nktva ïô*+ÖéÅÙ a m çÉ ñÍ ñÍ 64 khma K.ma 91 gnya +;aaîå gnya 118a ˙nktha ö÷*.ÅÉÔ :aÅ *.ö÷ÅÉ +;aÔÅ ñÍ 65c khya K.ya 92a gba gba 119c ˙nkya ö*÷ÅÉ +;aÙùÅ ñÍ 66c khra K.'a 93a gbha gBa 120p ˙nkra öÐÅ*:"Å a K.l K.a m gBya p ñÍ 67 khla 94 gbhya 121 ˙nkva ööÐÅ*:Å 68a khva K.va 95p gma gma ñÍ ñÍ 122c ˙nks.a øå*:Á Ø*:Å 69a kh´sa K.Za 96a gmya g}ya ñÍ ñÍ ñÍ ñÍ 123a ˙nks.n. a *øá*ÎÉÅÅ Ø *ÎÉ ÅÅ*.É *ØÏ*:ÅÉ ø *áÏ*:Å a K.sa c gya ñ ñ ñ ñ 70 khsa 97 gya a *øá*ÎÉ ÉÍ *Î*.É ÉÍ *Ï*:ÅÍ ø *áÏ*:ÅÍ 124 ˙nks.n. va öÁ ØöÁ Ø öÁ öÁ 71a gga gga 98c gra g{a ñÍ ñÍ 125a ˙nks.ma øíé*å*aÅ Ø *íå*aÅ 72p ggha gGa 99c grya g{ya ñÍ ñÍ 126a ˙nks.ya *øáÙù+:aÁ *Ø+;aÙùÅ 73a gghya gGya 100mgla gl ga ñÍ ñÍ 127a ˙nks.ra øå*: Ø*:'Å 74a gja gia 101p gva gva "Á ñÍ ñÍ c ø*+.öÅ *+:öÅ 75x gj˜na g.]a g¼a 102a gsa gsa 128 ˙nks.va Å Ø Å c *;ñÉ ÅÍ a giya a gh 129 ˙nkha ËÅ 76 gjya 103 g+ha ñÍ È 130a ˙nkhna Ë*;É 77a gjha gJa g½ 104c ghna *+åîÁ ;Gna îåÁ È c ñÍ 78a gda gq 105c ghnya *+aåîÁ ;Gnya 131 ˙nkhya Ë*É +;aùÁ . ñÍ a c 132a ˙nkhra Ë*;É Å 79 gd. ha gQ 106 ghma ;Gma 'Å ñÍ 80a gn. a gNa g¾a 107c ghya ;Gya 133c ˙nga ç*:Å 25 ñÍ ñÍ 134a ˙ngma ç*É íÅ+;aå 161p ˙n´sa Ú*:ÅÉ 188c cya ..cya ñÍ ñÍ 135c ˙ngya ç*ÙùÅ+.a 162a ˙ns.a *:ÓÅÉ 189a cra ..c{a ñÍ ñÍ 136a ˙ngra ç*:"Å 163p ˙nsa óéÅ*;É 190p cla ..cl ..ca ñÍ ñÍ p ñÍ ñÍ 137a ˙ngla *+:çÉ ìÉ ç *É ÌÅ+:a 164 ˙nstha óéÔ*. :aÁ *óéÔ+;aÁ 191p cva ..cva ñÍ p ñÍ 138p ˙ngva *+çÉ ÖÅÉ 165 ˙nspa óð*+.Éå Å 192p cvya ..cv.ya ñÍ p ñÍ 139c ˙ngha È*:Å 166 ˙nsva ó*+É ÖÅ 193a cs.a ..cSa ñÍ ñÍ 140c ˙nghya È*Éù+:aÁ 167p ˙nha *:è 194p csa ..csa ñÍ ñÍ 141c ˙nghra È*:"Å 168p ˙nhya *+aèùÁ 195p csva ..c~va ñ à c Í p ñÍ a É 142 ˙n˙na ñÍ*: 169 ˙nhra *:ÍÍè 196 chna îå*:Å p ñÍ a à 143 ˙nca ã*;Å 170p cka ..ck 197 chma íéÅÉ*+a C.a p ñÍ 144 ˙nja ê*:Å 171p ckta ..c ..c#ta 198c chya C.a p ñÍ ñÍ 145 ˙nn. a *:ÎÉÅÅ Ï*+É Å 172p ckha ..cKa 199c chra C" ñÍ ñÍ p *:ÎÉ É Ï*;É Å c a " C".a 146 ˙nn. va öÁ ëÁÅ 173 cca a ..cca 200 chrya ñÍ a à à 147p ˙nta *:ôåÅ 174a ccya ya ..ccya 201 chla ì*:É ÌÅÉÉ*: ñÍ a 148p ˙ndha *+ÄÅÉ 175c ccha ..cC 202 chva CõÅ ñÍ p 149c ˙nna îå*:Å 176mcchya ..c ..cC.a 203 jka .$k ñÍ c ê 150p ˙npa *:ðÅÉ 177c cchra ..cC" 204 jja êÁ*.a a ñÍ Ã Ã a å 151p ˙npra *:ðÒÅÉ 178p cchla ..cì*:É ..cÌÅÉÉ*: 205 jj˜na j.]a j¼a ñÍ a ê 152p ˙nbha Â*;Å 179p cchva ..cCõÅ 206 jjya êÁ*.aa ya ñÍ 153p ˙nbhya ÂÙùÅ*+:a 180c c˜na *.aãúÁ ..c.Va 207p jjva va ñÍ 154c ˙nma *+;íéÁ 181p cta ..cta 208c jjha jJa $½ 155c ˙nya za 182p ctrya ..c;ya 209a jjhra jJ"a $½r 156a ˙nra .z" 183a cna *.aãîåÅ ..cna 210c j˜na :]a ¼a 157a ˙nrva zõÒ ÅÉ 184p cpa ..cpa 211c j˜nya :]ya ¼ya ñÍ 158a ˙nrvya öò ùÅ*+.a 185p cpra ..cpra 212a j˜nra :]'a ¼'a ñÍ ñÍ 159p ˙nla ìÉ*: Ì*:Å 186p cpha ..cP 213a jt.a .$f 160p ˙nva zõÅÉ 187c cma ..cma 214a jd. a .jq 26 úé ïé 215p jda .$d 242a ˜ncva ã*õ+:aÅ Vcva 269p ˜nsna V=+:îåa V~na ê æ 216a jna *.aîåÅ .$na 243c ˜ncha VC 270p .tka öÐÅ*:Å æ 217a jpa .jpa 244a ˜nchya V VC.a 271a .tkha .*:ËÉ Å p a p æÅ 218 jba .$ba 245 ˜nchra VC" 272 .tca ãÅ*: ú æ 219p jbhya .$Bya 246c ˜nja ê*+Á Via 273p .tcha .Ã*. æ 220p jbhra .$Bra 247p ˜nj˜na V]a V¼a 274c .t.ta æ* ú æ 221c jma .$ma 248a ˜njma ê*+aÁ Vima 275p .t.tya æ*.a ú æ 222c jya .$ya 249c ˜njya ê*+aÁ Viya 276p .t.tha Æ* úáéõ æ 223c jra .j"a 250p ˜njva ê*+.aé Å Viva 277a .t.thya Æ*.a æ 224a jla .$l .$a 251a ˜njha VJa V½ 278a .td. ha Ñ* ú æ æ 225c jva .$va 252p ˜n˜na *aúÅ VVa 279a .tn. a 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nbha nBa 595a pcha :pC 542p ntha nTa n¿a 569p nbhya nBya 596a pt.a :pf 543a nthya nTya n¿ya 570a nbhva nBva 597a pt.ra :pf" å 544a nthva nTva n¿va 571c nma n}.a 598p pt.ha :pF 545c nda nd 572a nmya n}ya 599a pn. va :pNva :p¾va 546a nddra n" 573a nmra n}å.{a 600c pta a :pta îé 547a nddha +;ÄÅ 574c nya nya 601c ptya ya :ptya îé îé 548a nddhya +;ÄÉùÅ+a+;ÄÅa 575a nyva nyva 602p ptra :p;a 549a ndma níåÅ+a nda 576c nra n{a 603a ptrya :p;ya 550a ndya ndùÅ;a nda 577a nrya n{ya 604a ptva va :ptva 551c ndra ndÒ 578p nla nl na 605p ptha :pTa :p¿a 552p ndva ndõ 579p nva nva 606c pna :pîÅa :pna 553c ndha nDa 580p nvya nv.ya 607c ppa :ppa 554a ndhma nD}å.a 581p nvra nv.ra 608p ppra :ppra 555a ndhya nDya 582p n´sa nZa 609a ppha :pP 556c ndhra nDra 583a ns.a nSa 610a pba :pba 31 611c pma :pma 638a phla :%l :%a 665p bla b.l b.a 612c pya :pya 639a phva :%va 666a blya b.ya ëâ 613c pra :pra 640a ph´sa :%Za 667c bva +;aëÁ b.va 614a prya :prya 641a bka b.k 668a b´sa b.Za Å 615c pla :pì;É :pl :pa ::pÌÅa 642a 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733a rkha KRa a 707 mmya m}ya 759a r˜na VRa 734a rkhva K.vRa 708a mmra mmÒa 760a rta fR 735a rga gRa . c }ya æ 709 mya 761a rtta *RôåÅ 736a rgga ggRa . c mÒa 710 mra a fRa Å 737a rggha gGRa 762 rt.ya 711c mla }ìå+É }l }a }Ìå:aÅ a FR 738a rgya gyRa 763 rt.ha 712c mva }va a Æ a g{Ra 764 rt.ht.ha Æ*R 713p mvya }v.ya 739 rgra a a 765 rda .qR a }v.ra 740 rgha ;GRa . 714 mvra ñ a ñ*R 715a mvla }v.l }v.a 741a rghya ;GyRa 766 rd. d. a å a 716a m´sa }.Za 742a r˙na .zR 767 rd. ha QR å ñÍ ñÍ Ñ 717p msa }.sa 743a r˙nks.ma øíé*å*aRÅ Ø *íå*aRÅ 768a rd. hd. ha Ñ*R 33 769a rd. hya Q.aR QRa 795a rdha ;DRa 821a ryya yyRa a 770a rn. a :NRa .¾Ra 796 rdhda ;DdR 822a rra .=R éÈåé a a îÅé:aRa ;DnyRa a 771 rn. n. a :NNRa .¾¾Ra 797 rdhnya 823 rla lR Ì a a ;D}å.Ra a R lR Ra ++aRÌÅ 772 rn. ya :NyRa .¾yRa 798 rdhma 824 rlla a a 773a rta tRa 799 rdhya ;DyRa 825 rva vRa 774a rttya yRa ttyRa 800a rdhra ;DrRa 826a rvya v.yRa ë 775a rttra â+;Raôá 801a rdhrya ;DryRa 827a rvva +;aRëÁ v.vRa 776a rtma tmRa 802a rdhva ;DvRa 828a rvha v.hR 777a rtya tyRa 803a rna nRa 829a r´sa ZRa îå 778a rtra Ra 804a rnna Ra +;Raîå 830a r´sya ZyRa 779a rtrya yRa 805a rpa :pRa 831a r´sva (õ;Ra )õ;Ra ZvRa 780a rtva tvRa 806a rpta Ra :ptRa 832a r´s´sa ZZRa 781a rtsa tsRa 807a rppha :pPR 833a rs.a :SRa ïé a t=+:îåRa t~nRa a 782 rtsna 808a rpba :pbRa 834 rs..ta :R :SfR a ïîåé 783 rtsnya t=+:yRa t~nyRa a 809a rpya :pyRa 835 rs..tya :Ra :SfRa 784a rtsya t~yRa 810a rpha :PR 836a rs..tra :"R :Sf"R 785a rtha TRa ¿Ra 811a rphya :P+.aR :%yRa 837a rs.n. a :SNRa :S¾Ra 786a rthya TyRa ¿yRa 812a rba bRa 838a rs.ma :SmRa 787a rda dR ëâ 813a rbba +;aRëâ Á b.bRa 839a rs.ya :SyRa 788a rdda R 814a rbbha b.BRa 840a rs..sa :SSRa 789a rddya ùÅ+aR Ra 815a rbha BRa 841a rsa .sRa 790a rddha .;dÄâR 816a rbhba BbRa 842a rsma .smRa 791a rddhya .;dÄùÅ;aR 817a rma mRa 843a rssa .ssRa 792a rddhra .;dÄâ"R 818a rmma mmRa 844a rha hR a .;dÄù;aRÅ .;dÄâ Ra a 793 rddhrya Ò " 819 rmya }yRa 845a rhma R 794a rdra dÒR 820a rya yRa 846c lka k 34 847a lkya k+.a #ya 874a lpsva p~va 901a vdhya v.Dya 848a lkha Ka 875a lpha P 902a vdhrya v.Drya 849p lga ga 876p lba ba 903a vdhva v.Dva ë 850a lgya gya 877a lbha Ba 904c vna îåÁ+;a v.na 851p l˙na z 878p lbhya Bya 905a vbha v.Ba 852p l˙nya za 879c lma ma 906a vbhya v.Bya 853a lja ja 880c lya ya 907a vma v.ma 854a lt.a f 881a lra l" "a 908c vya v.ya Ì 855a lt.ra f" 882c lla l a ++aÌÅ 909c vra v.ra Ì 856a lt.ha F 883a llya :a ++aaÌÅ ya 910a vrla v.rl v.ra 857a ld. a q 884c lva va 911p vla v.l v.a ë 858a ld. ra q" 885a lvd. a v.q 912c vva +;aëÁ v.va 859a ld. ha Q 886a lvdhva v.Dva 913a vha v.h 860p lta ta 887a l´sa Za 914p ´ska Zk a a c É É 861 ltha Ta ¿a 888 ls.a Sa 915 ´sca ã(aã )a Z.ca 862a lda d 889a lsa sa 916p ´scpha ã(P)É ãPÉ Z.cP 863p ldha Da 890c lha h 917c ´scya ã(yaÉ ã )yaÉ Z.cya 864a lna na 891a lhya hùÅ:a 918a ´scra ã("aÉ ã )"aÉ Z.cÒa 865c lpa pa 892a ..dya \ya |.ya 919p ´scha ZC 866a lpta a pta 893a ..dha \h |h 920a ´schya Z ZC.a 867a lptya ya ptya 894p vja via 921p ´sja Zja 868a lptva va ptva 895a vjha v.Ja v.½ 922p ´sjha ZJa Z½ 869a lptha pTa p¿a 896a vd. ha v.Q 923a ´st.a Zf 870a lpya pya 897a vda v.d 924c ´sna (îéa )îéa Zna 871a lpsa psa 898a vdya v.dùÅ;a v.da 925a ´sta Zta 872a lpsma psma 899a vdha v.Da 926a ´spa Zpa 873a lpsya p~ya 900a vdhma v.D}å.a 927p ´sma Zma 35 å 928c ´sya Zya 952a .s.thva :õÅ :SFõÅ 979a scha .~.C 929c ´sra (ra )ra 953c .sn. a :SNa :S¾a 980p sja .~ja å å 930c ´srya (rya )rya 954c .sn. ya :SNya :S¾ya 981p sjha .~.Ja .~.½ c ÉÅ ÉÅ a a 931 ´sla (ì;)ì;)ÌÅa (ÌÅa 955 .sn. va :SNva :S¾va 982 s˜na .~Va Za Zl 956a .sta :Sta 983a st.a .~f c õ õ a a 932 ´sva (;a );a Zva 957 .sna :SîÉa :Sna 984 st.ra .~f" c õ õ c a 933 ´svya (;ya );ya Zv.ya 958 .spa :Spa 985 st.ra .~f" c å 934 ´s´sa ZZa 959p .spya :Spya 986a sd. a .~.q p 935 .ska :Sk 960c .spra :Spra 987a sd. ha .~Q a å å 936 .skya :Sk+.a :S#ya 961p .spha :SP 988a sn. a .~.Na .~.¾a p 937 .skra :SkÒ 962c .sma :Sma 989c sta .~ta a ëÐÅ 938 .skva :Së*:Á :S#va 963a .smya :S}ya 990a stta .sa .~tta a 939 .skha :SKa 964c .sya :Sya 991a sttya .sya .~ttya p 940 .sjha :SJa :S½ 965a .syya :Syya 992c stya .~tya c 941 .s.ta : :Sf 966a .sra :Sra 993c stra .~:a æ a îåÉ p a 942 .s.tnya :îåÅa :S*aÅ 967 .sla :Sl :Sa 994 strya .~:ya c 943 .s.tya :a :Sfa 968c .sva :Sva 995c stva .~tva c 944 .s.tra :" :Sf" 969a .s.sa :SSa 996p stvya .~tv.ya 945c .s.trya :"a :Sf"a 970c ska .~k 997c stha .~Ta .~¿a æ æ 946p .s.tla :ìÉ :Sì*É :SÌ*Å :ÌÅ 971a skya .~k+.a .~#ya 998msthna .~TîåÅa .~Tna a 947c .s.tva :õÅ :SfõÅ 972 skra .~kÒ .~¿na .~¿îåÅa a a 948c .s.tha : :SF 973 sks.a .~[a .~»a 999 sthya .~Tya .~¿ya å 949p .s.thya :.a :SF:a 974c skha .~Ka 1000a sda .~.d :SFa :a 975a sga .~ga 1001a sdha .~å.Da å å 950a .s.thra :" :SF" 976a sgha .~.Ga 1002p sdhva .~.Dva a p c ïîåé 951 .s.thrya :".a :SF":a 977 s˙na .~z 1003 sna .=+:a .~na ïé :SF"a :"a 978a sca .~.ca 1004c snya .=+:îåya .~nya 36 a ïîõ c å c 1005 snva .=*:a .~nva 1019 sra .~:aò 1033 hn. a ÎÉÉ ÏÉÉ Å 1006c spa .~å.pa 1020a srya .~å:yaò 1034c hna îå 1007a spma .~å.pma 1021p srva .~å:vaò 1035a hnya îåa å 1008a spya .~.pya 1022a sla .~l .~a 1036p hnva îéëÅ å 1009p spra .~.pra 1023c sva .~va 1037a hba ëâ å 1010c spha .~.P 1024a svya .~v.ya 1038c hma å å 1011a sphya .~.P+.a .~.%ya 1025a svra .~v.ra 1039p hmya a ë 1012p sba .~ba 1026a svva .~+;aëÁ .~v.va 1040c hya hùÅ:a å å 1013a sbha .~.Ba 1027a s´sa .~.Za 1041c hra :hò å 1014c sma .sma 1028a ss.a .~.Sa 1042a hrya :hò ùÅ:a 1015c smya .s}ya 1029c ssa .ssa 1043c hla Ì 1016a smra .smÒa 1030a ssma .ssma 1044c hva ë 1017c sya .~ya 1031p ssva .s~va 1045a hvya ëa å 1018a syya .~yya 1032p sha .~.h 1046a hvra ë"
37