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Studies on the Parasites of Smooth Flounder Liopsetta Putnami (Gill) in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire Peter R

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Studies on the Parasites of Smooth Flounder Liopsetta Putnami (Gill) in the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire Peter R University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1978 STUDIES ON THE PARASITES OF SMOOTH FLOUNDER LIOPSETTA PUTNAMI (GILL) IN THE GREAT BAY ESTUARY, NEW HAMPSHIRE PETER R. BURN Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation BURN, PETER R., "STUDIES ON THE PARASITES OF SMOOTH FLOUNDER LIOPSETTA PUTNAMI (GILL) IN THE GREAT BAY ESTUARY, NEW HAMPSHIRE" (1978). Doctoral Dissertations. 1187. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1187 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. 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When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 USA St. John's Road, Tyler’s Green High Wycombe, Bucks, England HP10 8HR 7B24S43 BURN# PETER R. STUDIES ON THE PARASITES OF s m o o t h f l o u n d e r LIOPSETTA PUTNAMI (GILL) IN THE GREAT BAY ESTUARY# NEW HAMPSHIRE. UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE# PH.D.# 197B University M icrofilm s International 300 n. zeebroad. ann arbor, mi 48io6 90^ STUDIES ON THE PARASITES OF SMOOTH FLOUNDER LIOPSETTA PUTNAMI (GILL) IN THE GREAT BAY ESTUARY, NEW HAMPSHIRE by PETER R. BURN A THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire In Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate School Department of Zoology May, 1978 This thesis has been examined and approved. tot Thesis director, Wilbur L. Bullock, Professor of Zoology Robert A. Croker, Associate Professor of Zoology Galen E. Jones, Processor of Microbiology Philip J| Sa/byer, Professor of Zoology r. dy.-^vJ v-A^yi-<a^ Rxchard G. Strout, Professor of Animal Science ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I'd like to thank the members of my committee, Drs. Robert Croker, Galen Jones, Philip Sawyer, and Richard Strout, for their support and editorial assistance. My special gratitude goes to my major professor, Dr. Wilbur L. Bullock, who provided more than an education in parasitology, and to my wife, Lisa, who came through with flying colors. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I General Introduction..................................... 1 The Host................................................. 6 PART II: THE PARASITES OF SMOOTH FLOUNDER Introduction............................................. 9 Materials & Methods...................................... 12 Results.................................................. 13 Discussion............................................... 13 PART III: ASPECTS OF THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF SMOOTH FLOUNDER PARASITES Introduction........... 23 Materials & Methods...................................... 27 Results................................................. 28 Discussion............................................... 75 PART IV: THE EFFECT OF MAINTAINING SMOOTH FLOUNDER IN THE LABORATORY PRIOR TO A PARASITOLOGICAL EXAMINATION Introduction............................................. 96 Materials & Methods...................................... 96 Results..................... 97 Discussion............................................... Ill PART V: THE PARASITES OF SMOOTH FLOUNDER, LIOPSETTA PUTNAMI (GILL), AT TWO SITES IN THE GREAT BAY ESTUARY Introduction............................................. 118 Materials & Methods.......................................120 Results.................................................. 121 Discussion............................................... 128 PART VI: A COMPARISON OF THE PARASITES OF SMOOTH FLOUNDER, LIOPSETTA PUTNAMI, AND WINTER FLOUNDER, PSEUDOPLEURONECTSS AMERICANUS, IN THE GREAT BAY ESTUARY, NEW HAMPSHIRE Introduction............................................. 136 Materials & Methods.......................................137 Results.................................................. 138 Discussion............................................... 140 PART VII: GENERAL CONCLUSION............................... 149 LITERATURE CITED........................................... 151 FIGURES.................................................... 166 iv LIST OF TABLES 1. Parasites reported from Smooth Flounder.................. 10 2. Parasites of Smooth Flounder from New Hampshire........... 14 3. Occurrence of Lepocreadium setiferoides.................. 30 4. Helminth Habitat Preference.............................. 33 5. Monthly Mean Percentages of L. setiferoides Population in each gut section....................................... 35 6. Effect of Crowding on L. setiferoides Habitat Specificity.. 37 7. Occurrence of Homalometron pallidum...................... 39 8. Effect of Crowding on H. pallidum Habitat Specificity..... 42 9. Occurrence of Zoogonus lasius............................ 44 10. Effect of Corwding on Z_. lasius Habitat Specificity....... 46 11. Occurrence of Opecoeloides vitellosus.................... 48 12. Occurrence of Lecithaster confusus....................... 51 13. Occurrence of Spirurid larvae............................ 53 14. Effect of Crowding on Spirurid larva Habitat Specificity... 56 15. Occurrence of Stephanostomum tenue....................... 57 16. Occurrence of Cryptocotyle lingua........................ 60 17. Occurrence of Protancyrocephaloides liopsettae............ 62 18. Position of _P. liopsettae in the gills................... 66 19. Occurrence of Glugea stephani............................ 68 20. Occurrence of Cryptobia bullocki......................... 70 21. Occurrence of Unidentified Sporozoan #1.................. 71 22. Significant Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficients...... 74 23. Effect of Holding Time on L^. setiferoides Occurrence...... 98 24. Effect of Holding Time on L. setiferoides Habitat Specificity............................................ 99 v 25. Effect of Holding Time on Zoogonus lasius Occurrence...... 101 26. Effect of Holding Time on Zoogonus lasius Habitat Specificity.............................................102 27. Effect of Holding Time on Homalometron pallidum Occurrence.103 28. Effect of Holding Time on Homalometron pallidum Habitat Specificity........................ 104 29. Effect of Holding Time on Spirurid larvae Occurrence...... 105 30. Effect of Holding Time on Spirurid larvae Habitat Specificity.............................................106 31. Effect of Holding Time on Opecoeloides vitellosus Occurrence............................................. 108 32. Effect of Holding Time on Opecoeloides vitellosus Habitat Specificity.............................................109 33. Effect of Holding Time on Stephanostomum tenue Occurrence..110 34. Effect of Holding Time on the Prevalence of Cryptobia bullocki and Glugea stephani.............................112 35. Water Temperature and Salinity from the Lamprey River and General Sullivan Bridge............................. 122 36. Parasites of Smooth Flounder from the Lamprey River and General Sullivan Bridge............................. 124 37. Mean Intensity of Infection of 0+ age group Smooth Flounder at Lamprey River and General Sullivan Bridge..... 126 38. Prevalence of Infection of 0+ age group Smooth Flounder at the Lamprey River and General Sullivan Bridge.......... 127 39. Diversity Indices of Parasites from the Lamprey River and General Sullivan Bridge..............................129 40. Parasites of Smooth and Winter Flounder from the General Sullivan Bridge......................................... 139 41. Prevalence of Parasites
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