The Encounter of the Batak People with Rheinische Missions-Gesellschaft In

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Encounter of the Batak People with Rheinische Missions-Gesellschaft In THE ENCOUNTER OF THE BATAK PEOPLE WITH RHEINISCHE MISSIONS-GESELLSCHAFT IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION (1861-1940) a historical-theological inquiry Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad tot doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, Prof.Dr. H.O. Voorma in gevolge het besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 15 juni 2000 des voormiddags te 10.30 uur door Jan Sihar Aritonang geboren op 22 januari 1952 te Sibolga, Indonesia Promotoren : Prof. Dr. J.A.B. Jongeneel Prof. Dr. Fridolin Ukur (Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Jakarta) Co-promotor: Dr. Th. van den End (Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Jakarta) PART ONE CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND OF THE ENCOUNTER PART TWO DETAILS OF THE ENCOUNTER PART THREE EVALUATION, CONCLUSION AND REFLECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ix List of Abbreviations xii Map of Batakland during the Period of the Batakmission xv Introduction 1 PART ONE CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND OF THE ENCOUNTER CHAPTER ONE A SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN INDONESIA FROM ABOUT 1800 TO 1940 10 A. The Dutch Colonial Government's Policy and Practice of Education 11 B. Educational Efforts of Mission Boards 25 C. Relationships between the Mission and Government 32 1. Financial Relationships 32 2. Organizational Relationships 34 3. Relationship of Educational Views 36 Table of Growth of Schools in the West Indies 1800-1940 38 CHAPTER TWO TRADITIONAL BATAK EDUCATION 42 A. An Overview of Traditional Batak Society 42 B. Adat as a System Comprehending All Areas of Life 48 C. Family and Social Education 51 1. Family Education and Value of the Child 51 2. Community Education 60 D. Several Kinds of Knowledge and Technical and Practical Skills 62 1. The Batak House 63 2. Village (Huta) 64 3. Boats (Solu) 65 4. Building Rice Terraces (Parumaon) 65 5. Weaving 66 6. Equipment for daily living 67 E. Datu and Hadatuon Professional and Specialized Knowledge 71 1. Language and Script 78 2. Systems Concerning an Almanac, Calendar and Astrology 79 3. Compass Point Indicator: desa na ualu and bindu matoga 80 4. Materials for Traditional Divination 80 F. Conclusion 82 CHAPTER THREE RMG'S VIEW OF EDUCATION 84 A. The Barmen Seminary 85 1. Views of Its Teachers 85 (a) J.H. Richter (1799-1846) 86 (b) J.C. Wallmann (1811-1865) 87 (c) G.L. von Rohden (1817-1889) 89 (d) F.G.K.E. Fabri (1824-1891) 91 (e) Gustav Warneck (1834-1910) 98 (f) A. Schreiber (1839-1903) 111 2. Barmen Seminary Entrance Requirements 115 B. RMG Relationships with Various Mission-Oriented Bodies in the West 120 1. Relationships with Various Dutch Circles 120 2. Relationships with Other Mission Bodies through Conferences 123 (a) Series of Continental European Conferences 124 E. Reichel - C.H.C. Plath - L. Hesse (b) Other Mission Conferences 130 C. Conclusion 132 PART TWO DETAILS OF THE ENCOUNTER CHAPTER FOUR THE PIONEERING PERIOD: 1861-1882 137 A. The Beginning of the Encounter 137 1. First Steps 137 2. Relationships with the Batak Society 138 (a) The Southern Region 138 (b) The Northern Region 142 3. Relationships with the Dutch Indies Government 147 (a) Competition 147 Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. (b) Support 148 B. School Development 153 1. Types of Schools 153 (a) Elementary Schools 153 (b) Education Especially for Girls/Women 157 (c) Trade Schools 157 (d) School for Church Elders 158 2. Equipment of Learning 158 (a) Buildings and Equipment 159 (b) School Books, and General Literature 160 3. Financing the Schools 165 4. Collateral School Functions 169 (a) Health and Medical Ministries 169 (b) Ministries of Reconciliation 169 (c) Locales for Evangelism 170 C. Education of Indigenous Workers, especially Teachers 171 1. The Parausorat Catechetical School 172 2. Pansur Napitu 175 Excursus: Seminary at Depok 183 D. The Role of the Bataks in Developing in the Educational Ministry 184 1. Elders 184 2. Teacher 186 (a) Daily Activities 187 (b) On The-Job-Training/Nurturing 189 Meetings for Preparation - Conferences E. Statistics 193 CHAPTER FIVE THE HIGHPOINT OF DEVELOPMENT: 1883-1914 194 A. Factors Contributing to Reform 195 1. Expansion of the Working 195 2. An Increase in European Personnel 203 (a) Pastors of Congregations (Gemeindemissionare) 203 (b) Teachers 204 (c) Women Evangelists (Schwester/Sisters) 204 Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. (d) Doctors 205 3. Government Subsidy 205 4. The Batak Community's Desire for Education 210 B. Development in Numbers and Kinds of Schools 214 1. Elementary School 215 (a) Basic or Regular Elementary Schools 215 (b) Elementary School for Girls 215 (c) Elementary School for Chiefs' Children 216 (d) Dutch Language Elementary School 217 2. Vocational Secondary Schools 218 (a) Seminary 218 (b) Industrial or Trade School (Industrieschule; Sikola Hapandean) 218 (c) Nurse and Midwifery Course 219 (d) Agricultural School 220 (e) Weaving and Crocheting School 221 C. Consolidation of Views 222 1. Theological and Missiological Views 222 2. Views of Pedagogy and Method 233 D. Reforming the System and Nurturing of Teachers 238 1. Renewal of the Teacher Seminary Education 239 (a) Rebuilding the Learning Facilities and Increasing Its Capacity 239 (b) Improving of Reforming Elementary Education 245 (c) Reform of the Curriculum and Teaching Methods 251 (d) Reforming Seminary Entrance Conditions and Procedures 264 (e) Enhancing the Cultivation of Discipline 269 (f) Encouraging the Writing of Literature 272 2. Enhancing the Role and Ability of the Teacher 275 (a) Re-examination (Wiederholungsexamen) 278 (b) Examination of Abilities (Befähigungsexamen) 278 (c) Periodic In-Service Training 278 (d) Writing Contest with Prizes (Preisarbeiten) 280 (e) Pastors' Courses 280 E. Statistics 287 CHAPTER SIX "ADVANCE THROUGH STORM": 1915-1940 288 Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. A. The Period's Most Pressing Problems 289 1. The Penetration of Modern Culture and the "Hamajuon" Movement 289 2. The Movement for Autonomy 298 3. Governmental Organization of Education 313 (a) Categorizing the Elementary School as Volkschool and Vervolgschool 318 (b) The Language of Instruction 319 (c) The Status and Ownership of the School 319 (d) The responsibility for the School's Financial Support 321 (e) The Minimum Number of Pupils per School 322 4. Financial Crisis 339 5. Augmenting Its Teaching Staff with Teachers from the Natherlands 349 6. Competion with the Roman Catholic Mission (RCM) 354 B. The Batakmission's Schools in the Midst of Crisis 358 1. The Regular Elementary School 358 2. Schools for Girls and General Women's Education 360 3. Dutch Schools 364 4. Trade Schools 368 5. The Education and Nurture of Church Workers 370 C. Table and Statistics 378 Kinds of Schools Operated by the RMG/Batakmission 379 Quantitative Development of Congregations and Schools 1918-1938 380 CHAPTER SEVEN EPILOGUE: 1940-1980 381 Internment May 10, 1940 381 The HKBP Reaction 384 Colonial Government Action 386 The RMG Reaction 390 Development During and After the Japanese Occupation 392 PART THREE EVALUATION, CONCLUSION AND REFLECTION Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. CHAPTER EIGHT THE IMPACT OF THE BATAKMISSION'S EDUCATIONAL A. In the Field of the Church and Spiritual Life of Its Members 398 1. Increase in Numbers of Church Members 398 2. Character and Spiritual Nurture of Lay Persons 400 3. Providing Church Workers 405 4. Autonomy in Financial Affairs 408 B. In the Social and Economic Fields 412 1. Raising Their Social Status 412 2. Increasing Economic Prosperity 416 3. Enhancing the Status and Role of Women 419 C. In the Field of Politics 422 1. Providing Civil Service Employees 423 2. The Rise of Nationalism 424 D. In the Field of Culture 426 E. In the Field of Education 430 CHAPTER NINE REFLECTIONS 439 Bibliography and Selected Sources 455 Curriculum vitae P R E F A C E The role and contribution of the church as pioneered by European mission boards in the advancement of the schooling of the Bataks, especially the Christians, is common knowledge. But were the mission bodies the only agents? What and how extensive was the role of the Bataks themselves? Then too, what was the extent of the Dutch Indies colonial government's role in Batak education, particularly when addressing the educational progress of the Bataks in the pre- independence period of Indonesian people? This writing will try to relate the history of education in the form of schooling among the Christian Bataks based on the hypothesis that their educational advancement was the result of the encounter between the Bataks and the mission boards, and to a certain degree because of the involvement of the colonial government. The mission board chosen as the partner in the encounter with the Bataks was the Rhenish mission (Rheinische Missions-Gesellschaft, RMG), a German mission board whose personnel worked in the Batak area and surroundings from 1861-1940. With this hypothesis as our starting point, this writing attempts to describe the foundation, motivation, goal and content of the schooling which was conducted by the RMG during the time of its presence there. In addition, we shall note the RMG's educational views, and the place and function of education in the whole system of its ministry. From another perspect-ive, we shall indicate the factors which motivated the Bataks to enthusiastically welcome that educational ministry. We shall also consider the role of Bataks themselves in the encounter, their motives and objectives for having the schools along with noting their traditional system of education. In order to obtain a complete picture, it was necessary to utilize the results of various scientific disciplines. Even so, the main focus of this study was placed on theology, especially church history and missiology. This dissertation would not have been completed without the stimulation, guidance and criticisms Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd.
Recommended publications
  • Dari Kartini Hingga Ayu Utami: Memposisikan Penulis Perempuan Dalam Sejarah Sastra Indonesia
    1 DARI KARTINI HINGGA AYU UTAMI: MEMPOSISIKAN PENULIS PEREMPUAN DALAM SEJARAH SASTRA INDONESIA Oleh Nurhadi Abstract There is an interesting phenomenon in the end of 20-th century and in the beginning of 21-th century in Indonesian literature history. That’s phenomenon are so many women writer whose productive in writing poetry or fiction. Is this a suddenly phenomenon? There is a series moment that couldn’t ignored, because there were some women writers in the beginning of Indonesian literary history, especially in 1920- ies, a milestone in modern Indonesian literary history. The modern Indonesian literary history itself is impact of acculturation by western culture. This acculturation appears in Kartini herself, a woman writer who never mention in history about her literature activity. Limitation to women writers in the past often interrelated by the edge of their role, for example, they were: never categorized as qualified literature writer, or as a popular writer, or just a peripheral writer, not as a prominent writer in their generation of writer. Is installation of Ayu Utami as a pioneer in novel genre in Indonesian 2000 Generation of Literature as one strategy of contrary to what happen recently? Apparently, the emergent of women writers weren’t automatically had relation by feminism movement. The writer who had struggle for Kartini’s history is Pramoedya Ananta Toer, a man writer. Key words: women writers, feminism, Indonesia literary history, the role of historical writing. A. PENDAHULUAN Memasuki tahun 2000 terjadi fenomena menarik dalam sejarah sastra Indonesia, khususnya ditinjau dari feminisme. Ayu Utami menerbitkan novel Saman pada 1998.
    [Show full text]
  • Pramoedya's Developing Literary Concepts- by Martina Heinschke
    Between G elanggang and Lekra: Pramoedya's Developing Literary Concepts- by Martina Heinschke Introduction During the first decade of the New Order, the idea of the autonomy of art was the unchallenged basis for all art production considered legitimate. The term encompasses two significant assumptions. First, it includes the idea that art and/or its individual categories are recognized within society as independent sub-systems that make their own rules, i.e. that art is not subject to influences exerted by other social sub-systems (politics and religion, for example). Secondly, it entails a complex of aesthetic notions that basically tend to exclude all non-artistic considerations from the aesthetic field and to define art as an activity detached from everyday life. An aesthetics of autonomy can create problems for its adherents, as a review of recent occidental art and literary history makes clear. Artists have attempted to overcome these problems by reasserting social ideals (e.g. as in naturalism) or through revolt, as in the avant-garde movements of the twentieth century which challenged the aesthetic norms of the autonomous work of art in order to relocate aesthetic experience at a pivotal point in relation to individual and social life.* 1 * This article is based on parts of my doctoral thesis, Angkatan 45. Literaturkonzeptionen im gesellschafipolitischen Kontext (Berlin: Reimer, 1993). I thank the editors of Indonesia, especially Benedict Anderson, for helpful comments and suggestions. 1 In German studies of literature, the institutionalization of art as an autonomous field and its aesthetic consequences is discussed mainly by Christa Burger and Peter Burger.
    [Show full text]
  • Hans Harmakaputra, Interfaith Relations in Contemporary Indonesia
    Key Issues in Religion and World Affairs Interfaith Relations in Contemporary Indonesia: Challenges and Progress Hans Abdiel Harmakaputra PhD Student in Comparative Theology, Boston College I. Introduction In February 2014 Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) published a report concerning the rise of religious intolerance across Indonesia. Entitled Indonesia: Pluralism in Peril,1 this study portrays the problems plaguing interfaith relations in Indonesia, where many religious minorities suffer from persecution and injustice. The report lists five main factors contributing to the rise of religious intolerance: (1) the spread of extremist ideology through media channels, such as the internet, religious pamphlets, DVDs, and other means, funded from inside and outside the country; (2) the attitude of local, provincial, and national authorities; (3) the implementation of discriminatory laws and regulations; (4) weakness of law enforcement on the part of police and the judiciary in cases where religious minorities are victimized; and (5) the unwillingness of a “silent majority” to speak out against intolerance.2 This list of factors shows that the government bears considerable responsibility. Nevertheless, the hope for a better way to manage Indonesia’s diversity was one reason why Joko Widodo was elected president of the Republic of Indonesia in October 2014. Joko Widodo (popularly known as “Jokowi”) is a popular leader with a relatively positive governing record. He was the mayor of Surakarta (Solo) from 2005 to 2012, and then the governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014. People had great expectations for Jokowi’s administration, and there have been positive improvements during his term. However, Human Rights Watch (HRW) World Report 2016 presents negative data regarding his record on human rights in the year 2015, including those pertaining to interfaith relations.3 The document 1 The pdf version of the report can be downloaded freely from Christian Solidarity Worldwide, “Indonesia: Pluralism in Peril,” February 14, 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • A Description of Manulangi Natua -Tua Ceremony By
    A DESCRIPTION OF MANULANGI NATUA -TUA CEREMONY BY BATAK TOBA SOCIETY A PAPER BY JURAIDA ELPIANA TAMBA REG.NO : 162202033 DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN 2019 1 Universitas Sumatera Utara 2 Universitas Sumatera Utara 3 Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I am JURAIDA ELPIANA TAMBA declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except references are made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education. Signed : …………….. Date : July 2019 i Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECRALATION Name : JURAIDA ELPIANA TAMBA Title of paper : A DESCRIPTION OF MANULANGI NATUA-TUA CEREMONY BY BATAK TOBA SOCIETY Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya Study program : English I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Culture Study USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia. Signed : …………………. Date : July 2019 ii Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK Kertas karya ini berjudul “A Description Of Manulangi Natua-tua Ceremony By Batak Toba Society”. Batak Toba memiliki suatu tradisi yaitu Manulangi Natua-tua . Manulangi Natua-tua merupakan satu salah kebiasaan masyarakat Batak Toba, kebiasaan ini dianggap juga sebagai suatu upacara adat yang resmi pada budaya Batak Toba dimana anak-anak datang kerumah orang tua mereka untuk memberi makan orang tua mereka .
    [Show full text]
  • SITOR SITUMORANG Pcnerima Hadiah Sastra Asia Tenggara 2006 Awardee of the S.E.A
    3 .44 ~ s- SASTRAWAN INDONESIA INDONESIAN WRITER Sas trawan Indonesia Indonesian Writer SITOR SITUMORANG Pcnerima Hadiah Sastra Asia Tenggara 2006 Awardee of the S.E.A. Write Award 2006 -----~-- --- PEttPIJSTA:G\,..N FUSAT BA~ ASA " "ARTEr..' CN "E.,m,o:;CA , • r Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional National Language Center Ministry of National Education Jakarta 2006 TSBN 979 685-580 1 f L\K CTPTA DILTNDUNGLUNl.l.l~ .~-Y~H::>ANC I v ... T BAHASi\ tJo. lndul; . w261>-(, Tgi ~1A Ttd. ·-- -- Isi buku ini, baik sebagian maupun selunihnya, <lilarang dipcrbanyak dalam bcntuk apa pun tanpa izin tcrtulis clan pcncrbit, kccuali dalam hal pcngutipan untuk kcpcrluan penulisan artikel atau karangan ilmiah. 1\ 0 f'ill1 o/this book. ma)' be copied or reprodlfced wilholfl wrille11 pmm>..-lrm/ivm the publfrher, except.for research and sdenli/i<' wrili1(~ purposes. IV PUS.\T B.\1-L\S.\ DEP:\RTE;\IEN PENDIDIK..\N N.\SI()J\;_\1. Buku im di~u s nn dan disunung oleh J J. Rizal dan Pnh Sulurto dcngan bantuan John .\IcGlyn (Yayasan Lontar), 1·ang telah menglZlnkan penerbitan kembali terjemahan bahasa Iny.,gns sejumlah s:11ak Sitor S1tumorang dalam buku To Lot•e. To lfa11der. 1lie l'nefr)' o(\L!or 1·11umo ra1{~ (Lontar Fow1dation, 1996) dan meneqemahkan heberapa >;11a k barn clan kumpulan Biksu Tak Berjubah (Komumtas Rambu, 211tq) Selatn John i\IcGlyn, Harn- :\vcling 1uga terhbar dengan mcncqcmakan ccrpen S1tor S1tumorang yang bequdul "!bu Pcrgt kc Sorga" Buku 1111 disusun dalam rangka penyerahan Had1ah Sastra The SI: \ Wnte .\ward 2006 oleh Putra Mahkota Kerajaan Thailand Y.1ng .\lulrn \'a1iralongkom, tanggal 8 Oktober 2006, d1 Bangkok.
    [Show full text]
  • Images of God in Toba Batak Storytelling
    PB Wacana Vol. 17 No. 2 (2016) Johann AngerlerWacana Vol., Images 17 No. of God 2 (2016): in Toba 303–335 Batak storytelling 303 Images of God in Toba Batak storytelling Johann Angerler Abstract This paper examines the ways in which God the Creator, the High God, is described in Toba Batak folk-tales. The sources for this investigation are stories recorded in pre-colonial (around 1850), colonial and post-colonial times (up to 2014). In different stories the High God can appear under various names, forms and gender, and resides in various places never inhabited by humans. Unlike a Deus otiosus, the Toba Batak High God is not “inactive” after creation, but continues to be involved in the life of mankind through local or supra-local manifestations. Although he rules the realm of death, he is nevertheless regarded as the source of life, fertility, health and prosperity. There are also stories about manifestations of God in which he shares the experience of suffering with human beings. The main Toba Batak community rituals in pre-colonial times were addressed to a manifestation of the High God. Keywords Toba Batak stories; oral tradition; ritual; High God; manifestations of God; history of religion. Introduction I would like to prelude my paper with two quotations. Both are from Toba Batak peasants, simple men not shamans or other Batak intellectuals. In September 1990 I had the opportunity to witness a ritual buffalo sacrifice in a village in Limbong, on the slopes of the holy mountain Pusuk Buhit, situated on the western shore of Lake Toba.
    [Show full text]
  • ADORNMENT a S I a N
    VOLUME 18 VOLUME NO. 3 SEPTEMBER 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE ASIAN ARTS SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA TAASA Review ADORNMENT CONTENTS Volume 18 No.3 September 2009 3 EDITORIAL: ADORNMENT TAASA REVIEW THE ASIAN ARTS SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA INC. Josefa Green Abn 64093697537 • Vol. 18 No. 3, September 2009 ISSN 1037.6674 4 MAGIC, MYTH & MICROCOSMS IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN JEWELLERY Registered by Australia Post. Publication No. NBQ 4134 Anne Richter editoriAL • email: editorial@taasa.org.au 7 NOMAD CULTURE, GREEK STYLE: STEPPES JEWELLERY AND ADORNMENT General editor, Josefa Green Heleanor Feltham publications COMMITTEE 10 GIFT OF THE GODS: JEWELLERY TRADITIONS FROM BOROBUDUR, THE BAYON & BALI Josefa Green (convenor) • Tina burge Melanie Eastburn • Sandra Forbes • Ann MacArthur Wendy Parker Jim Masselos • Ann Proctor • Susan Scollay Sabrina Snow • Christina Sumner 13 INDIA’S INSATIABLE PASSION FOR JEWELLERY DESIGN/layout Anne Schofield Ingo Voss, VossDesign PRINTING 15 HALCYON DAYS: KINGFISHER FEATHER JEWELLERY & ORNAMENTS OF CHINA John Fisher Printing Sheena Burnell Published by The Asian Arts Society of Australia Inc. 18 ALL THAT GLITTERS: A LOOK AT STRAITS CHINESE BEADWORK AND EMBROIDERY PO Box 996 Potts Point NSW 2011 www.taasa.org.au Hwei-F’en Cheah Enquiries: admin@taasa.org.au 20 A HERITAGE PRESERVED: CHINESE REGALIA AT THE GOLDEN DRAGON MUSEUM, BENDIGO TAASA Review is published quarterly and is distributed to members Ben Langan of The Asian Arts Society of Australia Inc. TAASA Review welcomes submissions of articles, notes and reviews on Asian visual and 22 IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN: A MONGOLIAN ‘QUEEN OF GREAT BLISS’ AT THE NGA performing arts. All articles are refereed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Representation Study of Educational Value in Saur Matua Customs at the Death Ceremony As the Identity of Batak Toba Community in Bukittinggi City
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 463 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Languages and Arts (ICLA-2019) The Representation Study of Educational Value in Saur Matua Customs at the Death Ceremony as the Identity of Batak Toba Community in Bukittinggi City Dina Astuty1*, Indrayuda2 1Postgraduate Program of Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Sumatra Barat 25131, Indonesia 2FBS Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Sumatra Barat 25131, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: dina.astuti@gmail.com ABSTRACT The traditional of saur matua is was a traditional ceremony for the dead has given birth to grandchildren of both boys and girls. Saur means complete/perfect in kinship, has a grandchild. Because the deceased is perfect in kinship so it must be implemented perfectly. This study aims to analyze the educational values contained in the structure of the saur matua traditional procession that identity of the Batak Toba community in the city of Bukittinggi. This study uses a qualitative method. The informants in the this study were Napi najolo parsinabung, Hula-hula, Dongan Tubu, Boru, Ikatan Punguan Marga Batak administrators with Batak Toba community who carry out the Saur Matua traditional ceremony. The result of this study that the saur matua has been done by the Batak Toba community who live in Bukittinggi. Saur matua custom is closely related to cultural teachings and traditional Batak teachings in the form of moral education, religious, and social. This is proven that the Batak Toba community can be guided by a series of Saur Matua traditional ceremonies to lead a wise group life in acting, coustesy, togetherness in group life, have good morals and be considerate towards others.
    [Show full text]
  • Gotong Royong: a Study of an Indonesian Concept and the Application of Its Principles to the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Indonesia
    Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertation Projects DMin Graduate Research 1975 Gotong Royong: A Study Of An Indonesian Concept And The Application Of Its Principles To The Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Indonesia Jan Manaek Hutauruk Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin Part of the Practical Theology Commons Recommended Citation Hutauruk, Jan Manaek, "Gotong Royong: A Study Of An Indonesian Concept And The Application Of Its Principles To The Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Indonesia" (1975). Dissertation Projects DMin. 354. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin/354 This Project Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertation Projects DMin by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact repository@andrews.edu. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary GOTONG ROYONG: A STUDY OF AN INDONESIAN CONCEPT AND THE APPLICATION OF ITS PRINCIPLES TO THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN INDONESIA A Project Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Ministry by Jan Manaek Hutauruk March 1975 Approval ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A work of this kind is a work of dependence. Without the support of several important people this study would have been impossible. Truly what the author has accomplished is the result of gotong royong— a group work. Dr. Gottfried Oosterwal has given the author guidance, advice, and encouragement; Dr. Robert Johnston has read the paper through and given his criticism to improve it; Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Skripsi Sastra, Sastra Indonesia, Fib, Unpad
    SKRIPSI SASTRA, SASTRA INDONESIA, FIB, UNPAD NO NPM NAMA JUDUL BID KAJIAN 1. 180110160060 PARANTI SIMBOL-SIMBOL CELENG DALAM NOVEL MENYUSU CELENG SASTRA KARYA SINDHUNATA SEBAGAI KRITIK TERHADAP PEMERINTAH:PENDEKATAN SEMIOTIKA CHARLES SANDERS PEIRCE 2. 180110150086 NIKITA REMIGIA PUTRI ANALISIS BENTUK, MAKNA, DAN FUNGSI ONOMATOPE SASTRA PUJIYANTO PADA KOMIK TERJEMAHAN CODE BREAKER VOLUME SATU KARYA AKIMINE KAMIJYO 3. 180110150078 HELMI AFAN FAHMI DAMPAK KONFLIK AGRARIA TERHADAP KONDISI PSIKOLOGIS SASTRA TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL DAWUK KARYA MAHFUD IKHWAN 4. 180110150058 RISWANTO GENDER DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEBUDAYAAN DAYAK BENUAQ SASTRA DALAM NOVEL UPACARA KARYA KORRIE LAYUN RAMPAN 5. 180110150051 JULISA YARNI REPRESENTASI REMAJA TAHUN 1990-AN DAN 2000-AN SASTRA DALAM NOVEL DILAN 1990 KARYA PIDI BAIQ DAN JOMBLO KARYA ADHITYA MULYA 6. 180110150038 LUKMAN HADI RAHMAN INDONESIA PERIODE ORDE BARU PADA NOVEL ORANG- SASTRA ORANG PROYEK KARYA AHMAD TOHARI 7. 180110150012 DZIKRI MAULANA A PENGARUH MODERNISASI PADA MASYARAKAT TORAJA SASTRA MELALUI REPRESENTASI TOKOH DALAM NOVEL PUYA KE PUYA KARYA FAISAL ODDANG 8. 180110140086 IRFAN HADI NUGRAHA ASPEK BIOGRAFIS ACHDIAT KARTA MIHARDJA DALAM NOVEL SASTRA MANIFESTO KHALIFATULLAH SKRIPSI SASTRA, SASTRA INDONESIA, FIB, UNPAD 9. 180110140071 RIZKA KHAERUNNISA MOBILITAS SOSIAL DALAM INDUSTRI KRETEK SASTRA PADA NOVEL GADIS KRETEK KARYA RATIH KUMALA DAN NOVEL SANG RAJA KARYA IKSAKA BANU 10. 180110140070 IHFA FIRDAUSYA DEKONSTRUKSI PENGGAMBARAN PEREMPUAN DALAM SASTRA EMPAT CERPEN INTAN PARAMADITHA DALAM ANTOLOGI KUMPULAN BUDAK SETAN 11. 180110140060 MUHAMAD RIZQI KECEMASAN TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL DAN SENJA PUN SASTRA HIDAYAT TURUN KARYA NASJAH DJAMIN 12. 180110140044 SUCI PURNAMA PERMASALAHAN SOSIAL DALAM NOVEL DAWUK : KISAH SASTRA CAHYANI KELABU DARI RUMBUK RANDU KARYA MAHFUD IKHWAN 13.
    [Show full text]
  • A Description of Rondang Bintang Practised By
    A DESCRIPTION OF RONDANG BINTANG PRACTISED BY SIMALUNGUN SOCIETY A PAPER BY ARTHA PRISCILLA SIJABAT REG. NO: 162202012 DIPLOMA III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 Universitas Sumatera Utara It has been approved by Supervisor, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. NIP. 19571002 198601 2 003 Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Study, Univeristy of Sumatera Utara In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma III in English Study Program Approved by Head of English Diploma Study Program, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. NIP. 19571002 198601 2 003 Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program Faculty of Cultural Study, University of Sumatera Utara As a Paper for the Diploma III Examination Universitas Sumatera Utara Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma III Examination of the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Study, University Sumatera Utara. The examination is held on July 2019 Faculty of Cultural Study, University Sumatera Utara Dean Dr. Budi Agustono M.S. NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001 Board Of Examiners/ Readers : Name Signature 1. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. (Supervisor) …………. 2. Riko Andika Rahmat Pohan, S.S, M.Hum. (Examiner) …………. 3. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum. (Examiner) …………. Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION I am ARTHA PRISCILLA SIJABAT, declare that I the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Statement
    JHL326086.qxd 10/3/2008 7:41 PM Page 1 Summary Statement: Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour): A Bataknese Traditional Cuisine Perceived as Lactagogue by Bataknese Lactating Women in Simalungun, North Sumatera, Indonesia Rizal Damanik, MRepSc, PhD Abstract Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) has been used as a breast milk stimulant (a Lactagogue) by Bataknese people in Indonesia for hundreds of years. However, the traditional use of torbangun is not well documented, and scientific evidence is limited to establish coleus as a Lactagogue. This Focus Group Discussion (FGD) study was conducted to gather information regarding the practice and cultural beliefs related to the traditional use of torbangun as a Lactagogue. The main findings of this investigation were: (1) torbangun, which is considered nourishing, is usually given to the mother for one month after giving birth in order to restore her state of balance; (2) in the Bataknese culture, torbangun is perceived to serve several purposes which include enhancing breast milk production and acting as a uterine cleansing agent; and (3) the tradition has been practiced for hundreds of years, and its adherence is still strong. Keywords: Coleus amboinicus Lour, torbangun, Bataknese Simalungun, traditional cuisine, Indonesia Received for review June 28, 2008; revised manuscript accepted for publi- Beliefs about the effects of food on pregnancy and lac- cation August 14, 2008. tation are widespread among women in traditional societies. These beliefs include the use of various Rizal Damanik, MRepSc, PhD, is a lecturer at Department of Community 1 Nutrition of IPB University in Bogor Indonesia. He is currently a visiting plants to stimulate lactation.
    [Show full text]