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HANDBOOK on CYCLING Inclusive Planning and Promotion

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HANDBOOK on CYCLING Inclusive Planning and Promotion More biking in small and medium sized towns of Central and Eastern Europe by 2020 HANDBOOK ON CYCLING INCLUSIVE PLANNING AND PROMOTION Capacity development material for the multiplier training within the mobile2020 project www.mobile2020.eu Supported by IMPRINT Prepared by (editors and authors): Institute for Social-Ecological Research (ISOE) Hamburger Allee 45 D-60486 Frankfurt am Main Dr. rer. pol. Dipl.-Ing. Jutta Deffner (Introduction and part IV) Tomas Hefter, Geograph M.A. (Introduction and part III) www.isoe.de Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH) Institute for Transport Planning and Logistics Schwarzenbergstr. 95 E D-21073 Hamburg Dipl.-Ing. Christian Rudolph (Part II) Dipl.-Geogr. Torben Ziel, M.Sc. (Part I) www.vsl.tu-harburg.de General Editor and Distribution: Mobile 2020 project consortium www.mobile2020.eu This handbook presents edited material from various other sources on bicycle planning and promotion and own results from ongoing research work. Any duplication or use of objects of this handbook such as photos, illustrations diagramms or texts is not permitted without written agreement. Suggestion for citation: Deffner, Jutta; Ziel, Torben; Hefter, Tomas; Rudolph, Christian Eds. (2012): Handbook on cycling inclusive plan- ning and promotion. Capacity development material for the multiplier training within the mobile2020 project. Frankfurt/Hamburg The project is managed by Baltic Environmental Forum Deutschland e.V. Osterstraße 58 D-20259 Hamburg Dipl.-Geogr. Matthias Grätz www.bef-de.org The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. Frankfurt am Main/Hamburg, November 2012 Contents CONTENTS OF HANDBOOK INTRODUCTION: GENERAL AIM OF THIS HANDBOOK .................................................. 5 PaRT I: STRATEGIC PLANNING .......................................................................... 11 1. Strategic planning as an integral part of mobility culture .....................................15 2. Integrated transport policies ........................................................................15 3. Elements of integrated transport planning in practice .........................................23 4. Planning a cycle network ............................................................................34 3 5. Monitoring and evaluation of important traffic indicators .....................................45 6. Regional and national cycling routes ..............................................................48 7. Institutionalisation of bicycle planning and promotion in municipal administrations ......51 8. BYPAD and other bicycle policy evaluation methods ............................................56 9. References .............................................................................................62 PaRT II: CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................................... 65 1. Cycling infrastructure ................................................................................69 2. Pedelecs/E-bikes .................................................................................... 110 3. Parking facilities .................................................................................... 115 4. References ........................................................................................... 120 PaRT III: SERVICE ......................................................................................... 121 1. Service as a part of an integrated cycling system ............................................ 125 2. Information .......................................................................................... 125 3. Cycling and public transport ...................................................................... 137 4. Bike sharing systems (BSS) ......................................................................... 141 5. Bicycle parking services ............................................................................ 150 6. Cycling training for adults ......................................................................... 154 7. Other bike services ................................................................................. 158 8. References ........................................................................................... 168 PaRT IV: COMMUNICATION ON BEHAVIOURAL CHANGE ............................................171 1. Communication as an integral part of mobility culture ....................................... 175 2. Why is promotion for cycling necessary? ........................................................ 175 3. Cooperation and strategic thinking .............................................................. 181 4. Strategies and elements of marketing communication ....................................... 185 5. Identifying target groups .......................................................................... 192 6. Examples for marketing campaigns and other communication measures .................. 199 7. Evaluating effects of promotion .................................................................. 214 8. References ........................................................................................... 216 4 Introduction General aim of this handbook This handbook therefore aims to provide material, case studies and theoretical background to intensify the pro- fessional knowledge on cycling as an efficient and full mode of transport in urban areas. The project “mobile2020 – more biking in small and medium sized towns of Central and Eastern Europe by 2020” aims to increase the modal share of cycling as a relevant mode of everyday transport. Cycling lacks the Structure of material perception as a full means of everyday transport and is often seen as a recreational option or a means of trans- The promotion of cycling as an everyday mode of trans- portation for socially marginalized people only. port consists of different thematic fields which have close connections, overlaps and interdependencies. Mobile2020 will enable a knowledge transfer and ca- So the division in thematic fields is a pragmatic way 5 pacity development to increase cycling expertise in the to make the process of strengthening the capacities of target countries. The transfer of knowledge is ensured multipliers in the target countries manageable. through the training of national multipliers from eleven Central and Eastern European countries on the state of Cycling transport and cycling promotion are inter related the art in cycling promotion and planning. Our hand- and present the most important aspects to establish a book addresses these national multipliers who are not more sustainable mobility culture whereby cycling is decision makers or transport planners themselves. The seen as a fully-fledged part of modern urban everyday multipliers will further the promotion of cycling in their mobility. countries by spreading their cycling expertise among as The four different thematic strands in the mobile2020 many decision makers as possible like politicians, ur- capacity development are: ban and transport planners. However, we also aimed to make this handbook usable for transport and urban • Strategic and integrated urban and transport planners as well. planning • Infrastructure planning As the main target cities are small and medium sized Service for cyclists towns of up to 350.000 inhabitants in Central and East- • ern European countries, the material presented focuses • Communication and marketing aimed at on good practices in this realm. behavioural change Figure 1: Mobile2020 - Cycling as a system Source: Own compilation It is significant to note that every thematic strand should abandon the idea of linear traffic control. Culture is a be understood and implemented in connection with dynamic process whereby both intended and unintend- the other ones because isolated measures like build- ed effects as well as complex feedback may be gener- ing new facilities or infrastructure cannot be separated ated. Variations of how feedback is allowed, occurring from measures like service, information or communica- or taken into consideration by users, officials, decision tion when intending to change the cycling conditions in makers are an essential element of changing the mo- towns and cities. No less important to note is that not bility culture. Examples of this are quality-improving all approaches and presented examples will fit for all participation as a form of communication, or feedback local conditions in the mobile2020 partner cities. We arising from a re-designed traffic space, and the be- had the aim, to show to some degree the broad variety haviour, perception and communication of road users of measures in order to inspire and give ideas on how as set out in the ‘Shared Space’ concept (see Part II well thought through cycling policies and conditions can Infrastructure). 6 be. The applicability of the presented best practices has, however, to be evaluated against the local back- ground of where they are to be implemented. Figure 1 gives a schematic idea about the concept of the four thematic strands of the mobile2020 materials. The figure also shows that cycling mobility is a system containing a whole set of different elements that allow an adequate use of the bicycle as a mode of everyday transport. The concept of ‘mobility
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