Map 48 Sardinia-Corsica Compiled by S.L. Dyson, 1995 Introduction The ancient geographical information on Sardinia is rich and varied. Moreover, as part of their strategy of controlling the island, the Romans developed a complex network of roads with associated garrisons and way- stations. This complexity is reflected both in the detail of ItAnt, and by the large number of milestones recovered (over 150 to date). Information from classical authors (especially Strabo, Pliny and Ptolemy), the itineraries and inscriptions, together with archaeological remains, allows most locations known from the sources to be identified with reasonable precision. Sardinia also has a long and solid tradition of topographical research, beginning with Ferrero della Marmora (1839). This continued with the researches of Giovanni Spano in the mid to late nineteenth century. The history and archaeology of the island are well summarized in such more recent works as Meloni (1990). It seems clear, however, that its interior saw little in the way of monumental development during Roman times. Even at an important administrative center like Hydata Hypsitana/Forum Traiani (modern Fordongianus), few public or private structures remain. The situation is worse still at smaller centers. Both in Roman times and earlier Sardinia was noted for its mining activity, but so far efforts to locate this with much confidence have largely failed. It is likely that at least some areas mined in modern times were exploited similarly in antiquity, but specific proof remains lacking (cf. Agus 1989). For Corsica, the quantity and quality of the evidence are very different. The Romans made only a limited effort to develop and even control the island. Thus here the information from Ptolemy assumes a special importance. Thirty-two out of the 38 names he lists appear only in his text. Clearly, for contemporaries the most significant parts of the island were the coastal settlements, coastal landmarks and associated sea routes. The Romans appear to have made relatively little attempt to control the interior. Significant urban development was limited to a few coastal centers like Mariana and Aleria. Tribal peoples who generally lived in small, scattered communities, dominated the interior. The road system was limited to one east coast road, with possibly a cross-island route somewhere too. Just three place names appear in the Roman itineraries, only two of which can be located with any precision. This paucity of itinerary information and the lack of milestones make the task of reconstructing the road network extremely difficult. Since Ptolemy is our major source, much of the topographical research on Corsica has been focused on place names in his text that can be related to specific modern locations. Jehasse (1976) and Moracchini-Mazel (1989) represent the two most recent reconstructions. Given the lack of archaeological and epigraphical evidence for the classical period, most of these locations remain hypothetical. The general pattern is probably correct, but seldom can a toponym be confidently associated with a specific ancient site. The problem is compounded for the interior by the fact that tribal peoples were often transhumant, and that the territories controlled by them shifted. Classical archaeologists have focused on the few major sites, especially Aleria. One of the first volumes in the CAGR series (1933) was devoted to the island. Classical finds are regularly reported in Gallia. Zucca (1996) gathers and discusses the most recent archaeological and epigraphical evidence for the Roman period. MAP 48 SARDINIA-CORSICA 737 Directory All place names in Corsica are in France; all place names in Sardinia are in Italy Abbreviation CAGR 3 A. Ambrosi, Carte archéologique de la Gaule romaine, III. La Corse,Paris,1933 Names (Sardinia) Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference A2 Ad Herculem R S. Vittoria Mastino 1993, 463 A2 Ad Medias RL Abbansanta RE Medias 3; Rowland 1981, 11 A2 Ad Octavum RL S. Giovanni Meloni 1990, 321; Manca di Mores 1998, 768 B2 Aisaronensioi H?R Posada Meloni 1988, 539 B3 Alticienses R Barisardo Mastino 1993, 497 A3 Aquae Calidae CHRL Sardara GeogRav 5.26; Rowland 1981, 117-18 Neapolitanorum § Hydata Neapolitana Ptol. 3.3.7 A3 Arbus H?R Rowland 1988, 836; Cossu 1998, 68-69 A2 Ardara R Rowland 1988, 758 B1 Arktou Akra R Capo d’Orso Ptol. 3.3.4; Perra 1993, 316-17 A3 Assemini RL? villa with baths Rowland 1988, 743; Cossu 1998, 21; Nieddu 1998, 617 B2 Augustae RL Austis Rowland 1981, 15-16 B2 Balari R Berchidda Bonello Lai 1993a, 159-61 A2 Barbaria R Gennargentu Boninu 1993, 68-70 B3 Barbarikinoi L Fonni Mastino 1993, 496 A3 Beronicenses R Carbonia area Meloni 1988, 540 B3 Biora RL? Serri Rowland 1981, 124-25 A4 Bitia ACHR Punta di Chia Meloni 1988, 515-16 A2 Bosa HRL Bosa Meloni 1988, 528-29 A2 Buduntini R Lago Baratz Sotgiu 1988, 670 B2 Caput Tyrsi R Sos Muros / Budduso Mastino 1993, 463 B3 Caralis ACHRL Cagliari PECS; Meloni 1988, 496-503 § Carales B3 Caralitanum Pr. H?R Capo S. Elia Pliny, NH 3.84 § Karalis Akra Ptol. 3.3.4 A2 Carbia R N Alghero RE A2 Castelsardo RL? Pitzalis 1998, 750-52 B2 *Celesitani R Fonni Ptol. 3.3.6; Mastino 1993, 497 A2 Cheremule RL? Rowland 1981, 36-37 A4 Chersonesos Pr. H?R Capo Teulada Ptol. 3.3.3; Perra 1993, 316-17 B2 Coclearia R S. Teodoro ItAnt 79.5; RE; Perra 1993, 320-21 A2 Cornus HRL S. Caterina di Pittinuri Meloni 1988, 523-35; Farris 1993; NPauly 1 B2 Corsi R Gallura Pliny, NH 3.85; Mastino 1993, 487 B1 Cuniculariae Inss. RL Mastino 1993, 462 B2 *Cusinitani R Fonni area Bonello Lai 1993a, 174-75; Mastino 1993, 497 B3 Custodia Rubriensis RL Bari Bonello Lai 1993a, 177 A3 Decimoputzu RL? Meloni 1990, 351 A2 Diabate? Ins. H?R Isola Piana Ptol. 3.3.8; RE; Perra 1993, 321 B1 Elefantaria R Golfo di Arzacehena Meloni 1990, 149-50; Perra 1993, 322-23 A3 Enosis Ins. RL Isola di S. Pietro Pliny, NH 3.84; Ptol. 3.3.8; §HierakonNesos? Mastino 1993, 462 738 MAP 48 SARDINIA-CORSICA Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference B1 Errebantion Akron H?R Capo Testa? Ptol. 3.3.5; RE Errebantium §Erbentium A2 Erucium R near Bortigiadas RE Erucinum A2 Eut(h)ychiani R Cuglieri Bonello Lai 1993a, 169-73 B2 Fanum Carisi RL? Irgoli RE; Rowland 1981, 54-55 B3 Ferraria R S. Gregorio Le Bohec 1992, 258 B3 Ficaria Ins. RL Isola dei Groli Pliny, NH 3.84; Ptol. 3.3.8; RE B2 Fifenses R Tortoli CIL 10.7855; Mastino 1993, 489 Forum Traiani = Hydata Hypsitana B1 Fossae? Ins. RL S. Stefano Pliny, NH 3.83; Mastino 1993, 462 A3 Fluminimaggiore L Rowland 1988, 836 A2 Fundus Cotronianus R Codrongianus? Rowland 1981, 36-37 A3 Fundus Moddol(...) R Villasor Rowland 1981, 149-50; Sotgiu 1988, 566 B3 Galillenses R Gerrei Bonello Lai 1993, 49-54 D3 Gallicum/ Straits of Bonifacio Pliny, NH 3.83; ItMarit 495.2 Taphros Fretum B2 Gemellae? RL? Tempio RE 1; Rowland 1981, 133-34 A2 Giddilitani R Cuglieri Bonello Lai 1993a, 169-73 A2 Gorditanum Pr. H?R Capo Falcone Pliny, NH 3.84; Ptol. 3.3.2; RE A2 Gouroulis Nea? RL? Cuglieri Ptol. 3.3.7; Rowland 1981, 39-40; Meloni 1990, 131 A2 Gouroulis Palaia? HR Padria Ptol. 3.3.7; Rowland 1981, 96-98; Meloni 1990, 131 A3 Grugua L Rowland 1988, 836-37; Cossu 1998, 34 A2 Hafa? R Mores Meloni 1988, 537 A4 Herakleous? Limen H?R Porto Malfatano Ptol. 3.3.3; Perra 1993, 316-17 A1 Herculis Inss. RL Asinaria Ptol. 3.3.8; Mastino 1993, 462 B2 Hermaia? Ins. H?R Tavolara Ptol. 3.3.8; RE ‛Ερµαία νῆσος A2 Hermaion Akron H?R Capo Marargiu Ptol. 3.3.2 A3 Hieros? fl. H?R Pabillionis Ptol. 3.3.2; Perra 1993, 314-15 A3 Hydata Hypsitana/ RL Fordongianus PECS; Zucca 1986, 5-6 Forum Traiani B2 Hydata Lesitana H?R Sorgenti di Benetutti Ptol. 3.3.7; Meloni 1990, 305-306 §Lesa A3 Iglesias H?R Pb mine Rowland 1988, 837 A2 Ilienses H?R Mulgaria Bonello Lai 1993a, 161 B1 Ilva Ins. La Maddelena Mastino 1993, 462 B2 Insani M. Marghine Mts. Mastino 1993, 507-508 § Mainomena Ore Ptol. 3.3.7 A3 Is Bangius RL? Marrubbiu Zucca 1987, 131-32; Nieddu 1998, 614 B2 *Kaidros fl. R Cedrino Ptol. 3.3.4; Mastino 1993, 465; Perra 1993, 316-17 B3 Karalitanos Kolpos H?R Golfo degli Angeli / Gulf Ptol. 3.3.4; Perra 1993, 316-17 of Cagliari B2 Karensioi H?R Irgoli area? Ptol. 3.3.6 B2 Kolymbarion Akron H?R Capo Figari Ptol. 3.3.4; RE Columbarium; Perra 1993, 316-17 A2 Korakensioi H?R Ptol. 3.3.6 A2 Kornensioi ‘Aichilensioi’ H?R S. Caterina di Pittinuri Ptol. 3.3.6 B2 Loukouidonensioi H?R near Nossa Signore di Ptol. 3.3.6 Castro B2 ‘Luguidunec’ RL Nostra Signora di Castro GeogRav 5.26; Rowland 1981, 92-93 § Castra Felicia? B2 Lula H?R Rowland 1988, 837 A2 Makopsisa HR Macomer Ptol. 3.3.7; Rowland 1981, 59-60 MAP 48 SARDINIA-CORSICA 739 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference A3 Maltamonenses R Sanluri Bonello Lai 1993a, 179-81 B3 Martenses R Serrei Mastino 1993, 493 A3 Maurousioi L N Sulci(s) Procop., Bell.4.13.37 A3 Metalla HRL Antas Meloni 1988a, 484 A2 Molaria RL? Mulgaria Bonello Lai 1993a, 161-62 A3 Molibodes Ins. H?R Isola S. Antico Ptol. 3.3.8; Perra 1993, 320-21 A3 Monte Sirai ACH Bartolini 1989 A3 Monte Urralidi RL? Cossu 1998, 69 A3 Neapolis CHRL S.