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T.C. Istanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü T.C. İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ İSLAM TARİHİ VE SANATLARI ANABİLİM DALI Yüksek Lisans Tezi ALÂÎ B. MUHİBBÎ EŞ-ŞİRÂZÎ’NİN “DÜSTÛRU’L -VÜZER” İSİMLİ SİYASETNÂMESİNİN METİN VE TAHLİLİ Emrah Dokuzlu 2501081022 Tez Danışmanı: Yrd.Doç.Dr.Ali Öztürk İSTANBUL-2012 ÖZ Alâî b. Muhibbî eş-Şirâzî’nin “Düstûru’l-Vüzerâ” isimli Siyasetnâmesinin Metin ve Tahlili Emrah DOKUZLU Bu tezde Osmanlı Sultanı II. Selim (1566-1574) zamanında yaşamış olan Alâî bin Muhibbî eş-Şirâzî’nin Lala Mustafa Paşa’ya sunulmak üzere yazdığı “Düstûru’l- Vüzerâ” isimli risalesi ele alınmıştır. Eser, İslam siyaset düşüncesi tarihinin temel kaynaklarından biri olan siyâsetnâme türünde olması sebebiyle önemlidir. Çalışmada siyâsetnâmeler hakkında genel bir bilgi verildikten sonra Alâî bin Muhibbî eş- Şirâzî’nin “Düstûru’l-Vüzerâ” isimli eserinin tenkidli metni meydana getirilmiş ve tahlili gerçekleştirilmiştir. ii ABSTRACT Text and analysis of the book of government named Dustûru’l-Vuzerâ by Alâî bin Muhibbî al-Shirazi Emrah DOKUZLU This study discusses Dustûru’l-Vuzerâ, a book written by Alâî bin Muhibbî al- Shirazi to be presented to Lala Mustafa Pasha in the era of Ottoman Sultan II. Selim (1566-1574). The masterpiece counts as one of the major sources of History of Islamic Political Thought. After giving general information on books of government, edition critique of Dustûru’l-Vuzerâ the text of al- Shirazi has been been made and analyzed. iii ÖNSÖZ Altı asır boyunca varlığını devam ettirmiş olan Osmanlı Devleti farklı din ve milletlerden müteşşekil insanları bir arada yaşatmış ve bu hakimiyeti süresince muhtelif siyasi yapı ve tecrübelere sahip olmuştur. Bu kadar uzun süre varlığını devam ettirmesinin ardında yatan paradigmayı anlamaya çalışmak bize Osmanlı siyaset düşüncesine, daha geniş bir perspektifle, İslam siyaset düşüncesine bakmayı gerektirir. İslam siyaset düşüncesi, İslam ilim geleneğinde neşet eden bir çok ilmi ve neşredilen eserleri ilgilendirir. Bu bağlamda siyâsetnâmeler, İslam siyaset düşüncesinin temel kaynaklarından birini teşkil etmektedir. İslam siyaset düşüncesi tarihinin keşfedilmesine katkı sağlayacağını ümit ettiğimiz bu tezde Osmanlı sultanı II. Selim (1566-1574) zamanında yaşamış olan Alâî bin Muhibbî eş-Şirâzî’nin Lala Mustafa Paşa’ya sunulmak üzere yazdığı “Düstûru’l-Vüzerâ” isimli eserin tenkidli metnini meydana getirerek, eseri siyasetnâme özellikleri yönüyle tahlil etmeye çalıştık. Çalışmamız iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde yazar ve eserin nüshaları hakkında bilgi verilmiş, eser muhteva ve siyasetnâme nitelikleri açısından incelenerek tahlil edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise Düstûru’l-Vüzerâ nüshalarının tavsifi yapılmış ve metnin kuruluşunda izlediğimiz metod açıklanmıştır. Ayrıca bu bölüm Düstûru’l-Vüzerâ’nın tenkidli metnini içermektedir. Son olarak bu tezin belirlenmesinde ve tamamlanmasında ilgi ve yardımını esirgemeyen tez danışmanım Yrd.Doç.Dr. Ali Öztürk Beye, metnin kritik edilmesinde yardımını gördüğüm Yasin Apaydın, hadislerin tahric ve tespitinde katkıları olan Abdullah Taha İmamoğlu, Arapça kısımların tercümesinde büyük desteklerini gördüğüm Fazılhak Nergiz Beylere, çalışmalarım süresince gösterdikleri sabırdan dolayı aileme teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. iv İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZ ......................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................... iii ÖNSÖZ ................................................................................................ iv İÇİNDEKİLER .................................................................................... v ŞEKİLLER .......................................................................................... ix KISALTMALAR .................................................................................. x GİRİŞ .................................................................................................... 1 1.SİYASETNÂME ÇALIŞMALARININ GENEL PROBLEMLERİ ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Metne Yönelik Problemler ..................................................................................... 1 1.2. Metodolojiye Yönelik Problemler .......................................................................... 1 BİRİNCİ BÖLÜM ................................................................................ 3 1. SİYASETNÂMENİN TANIMI ........................................................ 3 2. SİYASETNÂMELERİN KONUSU ................................................. 4 3. SİYASETNÂME ÖZELLİĞİ TAŞIYAN TÜRLER....................... 5 3.1. Nasihatnâmeler ....................................................................................................... 6 3.2. Islahatnâmeler ........................................................................................................ 8 3.3. Kanunnâmeler ve Defterler ...................................................................................10 3.4. Adaletnâmeler........................................................................................................11 3.5. Sefâretnâmeler .......................................................................................................13 3.6. Siyâset-i Şer’iyye ....................................................................................................14 4. TARİHİ KAYNAK OLARAK SİYASETNÂMELER ................. 17 İKİNCİ BÖLÜM ................................................................................ 19 1. ŞİRÂZÎ VE DÜSTÛRU’L-VÜZERÂ’SI ....................................... 19 1.1. Alâî b. Muhibbî eş- Şirâzî’nin Hayatı ve Eserleri .................................................19 1.2. Düstûru’l-Vüzerâ ...................................................................................................25 1.2.1. Eserin Adı .......................................................................................................25 1.2.2. Eserin Yazılış Amacı ve Tarihi .......................................................................25 1.2.3. Eserin Dili ve Üslûbu ......................................................................................26 v 1.2.4. Eserin Nüshaları .............................................................................................28 1.2.5. Eserin Muhtevası ............................................................................................30 1.2.6. Eserin Kaynakları ...........................................................................................33 1.2.7. Eserin Muhteva Yönünden Tahlili .................................................................35 1.2.7.1. Esere Göre Vezirde Bulunması Gereken Özellikler ................................35 1.2.7.2. Eserde İktibas Edilen Ayetler ..................................................................37 1.2.7.3. Eserde İktibas Edilen Hadisler ................................................................43 1.2.7.4. Eserde Geçen Arapça Vecizeler, Şiirler ve Tercümeleri ........................47 1.2.7.5. Eserde Geçen Farsça Şiirler, Vecizeler ve Tercümeleri ..........................53 1.2.7.6. Eserde Geçen Duâ ve Tılsımlı Şekiller ....................................................60 1.2.7.7. Eserde Geçen Tarihi Ve Mitolojik Şahsiyetler ........................................72 1.2.7.7.1. Grek Menşeli Şahıslar .......................................................................72 1.2.7.7.1.1. Bokrat..........................................................................................72 1.2.7.7.1.2. Aristo ...........................................................................................72 1.2.7.7.1.3. Eflâtun .........................................................................................73 1.2.7.7.2. Acem Menşeli Şahıslar ......................................................................73 1.2.7.7.2.1. Erdşîr ..........................................................................................73 1.2.7.7.2.2. Behrâm ........................................................................................74 1.2.7.7.2.3. Nûşirevân ....................................................................................74 1.2.7.7.2.4. Büzürcmihr .................................................................................74 1.2.7.7.3. Peygamberler .....................................................................................75 1.2.7.7.3.1. Hz.Muhammed ...........................................................................75 1.2.7.7.3.2. Hz.Yusuf ......................................................................................75 1.2.7.7.3.3. Hz.Musa ve Harun ......................................................................76 1.2.7.7.4. Hulefâ-i Râşidin .................................................................................76 1.2.7.7.4.1. Hz.Ebubekir ................................................................................76 1.2.7.7.4.2. Hz.Ömer ......................................................................................76 1.2.7.7.4.3. Hz.Osman ....................................................................................77 1.2.7.7.4.4. Hz.Ali ..........................................................................................77 1.2.7.7.5. Kur’an-ı Kerim’de Zikredilen Şahıslar ............................................77 1.2.7.7.5.1. Hızır.............................................................................................77
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