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287. LIVING PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA COLLECTED ALONG an EAST-WEST TRAVERSE in the NORTH Pacificl A

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287. LIVING PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA COLLECTED ALONG an EAST-WEST TRAVERSE in the NORTH Pacificl A CONTRI BUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMA N FOUNDATION FOR F OR AMIN IFERAL RES E AR C H 131 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE CUSHMAN FOUNDATION FOR FORAMINIFERAL RESEARCH V OLUM E XV, PART 4, O CTOBER, 1964 287. LIVING PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA COLLECTED ALONG AN EAST-WEST TRAVERSE IN THE NORTH PACIFICl A. BARRETT SMITH ABSTRACT AREAL DISTRIBUTION Samples of living pla nktonic F OI'am inl fem collect ed Text figure 1 locates the seven stations sampled f r om the N o rthea st ern Pacific suggest that ~L redefi nition of previou sl y described fau nal bou ndades may be of and shows the percentages of each species present. v alue, Cold-water populations of Foram i n ifer a in t h is Table I lists the number of specimens of each spe­ ,'eglon are con siderabl y la r ger t han t hei r sou t hel'!y coun ­ cies collected at each station as well as the total pop­ terpa r ts, H owever, \'arlations i n t he com position of t h e ulation. Juveniles and poorly preserved specimens fau nas a long an East -' Vest t raverse d o not appear to be were counted, but were not identified specifically. d i r ectl y con-elated with the availabl e physical data, Station I showed the smallest population of Fo­ INTRODUCTION raminifera;· only 91 specimens, representing 4 spe­ Bradshaw (1959) outlined the distribution of cies, plus the morphologic intergrade "G /obigerina living planktonic Foraminifera in the North Pacific, pachyderma-eggeri" were collected here. This form in a comprehensive study. He divided the distri­ was discussed in the previous study (Smith, 1963). bution of the species present into three general The faunal composition at station I agrees closely groups: a northern cold-water fauna, a southern with that found during the earlier study. The chief warm-water fauna, and a transition fauna composed difference lies in the greater abundance of G/obi­ of species from the two other groups. In a pre­ gerina quinque/oba and G/oborotalia scitu/a. The vious paper, (Smith, 1963), the author described small number of species present was not unusual the distribution and ecology of Foraminifera col­ and can be explained as a result of the patchy dis­ lected in an area bounded by 39 · and 51 · N La!. tribution mentioned above. and by 141 · W Long. and the west coast of North Station 2 exhibited a marked increase in the total America. This fauna was similar, in relation to the number of Foraminifera. Here, 2384 organisms species present, to Bradshaw's transitional fauna. were collected. The only species recorded in the However, fewer organisms and an extreme patchi­ previous work that was not identified here is G. ness in distribution were noted. Concentrations of scitu/a, which appeared only at station I. As at Foraminifera ranged from nil to 96.8 specimens per station I, G/obigerina bul/oides, G. quinque/oba cubic meter of water filtered . and "Globigerina pachyderma-eggeri" are the dom­ The present study is the result of an intention to inant forms. sample both the cold-water and transitional faunas The total number at station 3 (4246 in one quar­ in areas not previously studied, and to describe ter of the sample) was the highest recorded for the more thoroughly the boundaries of existing faunas. traverse. The composition of the fauna here was The seven samples studied were collected in the essentially the same as at station 2, except for the summer of 1960 during an east-west traverse made increased dominance of G. bul/oides, which made by the M. V. Brown Bear, the University of Wash­ up 75.3 percent of the popUlation, and the lower ington's research vessel. abundance of G. quinque/oba relative to that of All hauls were taken vertically from a depth of "G/obigerina pachyderma-eggeri." 200 meters to the surface, using one-half meter, Stations 4 through 7 showed similar faunal com­ number 12 mesh, nylon nets with apertures of 0.119 positions. Orbulina universa, the species used by mm. The organisms were stored in glass jars con­ Bradshaw to mark the northern limit of the transi­ taining formalin neutralized with borax. Prior to tional fauna, was not found. G/obigerilla blll/oides study, the samples were quartered with a mechani­ was by far the dominant species, with "G /obigerina cal splitter and small quantities from a single quar­ pachyderma-eggeri" and G . quinque/oba ranking ter were examined in a petri dish until all Forami­ second and third except at station 6 where the lat­ nifera in that split had been identified and counted. ter comprised 9.0 percent of the population, and Because few organisms were captured at stations "G /obigerina pachyderma-eggeri" 7.6 percent. Of one and two, the entire samples from those stations the five seaward stations, number 4 showed the were sorted. Only one quarter of each of the fi ve smallest total number of Foraminifera. other samples was examined. From these data, it would appear that the bound­ ary of the transitional fauna lies farther northwest 1 Conl d bu tion No. 257 o f t he Depal'lment of Oceanography. l'n lvel'slty of \\'ash in;;ton. T his work wali 8ul>I>orted by than was previously believed . Using the most north­ Office of l\'avll i Research Contract :-:0111'- 477(0). P I'oject ~ft 083 012, erly occurrence of Orbulilla ulliversa as our criter- w tv A - GLOBIGERINA BULLOIDES B - GLOBIGERINA OUINOUELOBA C - GLOBIGERINA PACHYDERMA - EGGER I D - GLOBIGERINA PACHYDERMA iir ~.'" E - GLOBOROTALIA SCITULA F - GLOBIGERINA BRADYI ~ PA CI FIC OCEAN G - ORBULINA UNIVERSA ~- H - GLOBIGERINITA GLUTINATA Go I - GLOBIGERINA EGGERI • (J) 1':: . 7 " . 6 t t"' > ~rf Z . 5 ~ o . 4 "Z ABCDFH I ABCDFHI , n ABCDFHI "l ABCDFH I . 3 o "> '"~ ABCDFGHI . 2 Z ~ "l :u'" ABCDFGHI > "l "o ~ . ABCDE ~ '" oZ ":= TEXT FIGURE 1 " ~ Locations of stations and the percentages of individual species collected at each station n ~ "l (j CONTRIBUT1 0NS FROM THE CliSHMA N F OUN DATI ON F OR FOR AMIN IF ERAL RES EARCH 133 ion, the boundary of the two faunas lies between hibited erratic distribution patterns; for example, stations 3 and 4. In addition to this criterion, Brad­ Orbulilla ulliversa was found to be dominant at one shaw (1959) also based his boundary on the north­ of the stati ons and absent at the bordering stations. ern limit of larger Globigerilla eggeri. In the present Therefore, any definition of faunal boundaries study, only smaller forms were collected and their based upon one or two forms must be regarded abundance was consistent throughout the traverse. with caution. The definition of faunal boundaries from samples Perhaps the most striking feature of the cold­ taken over a short period of time is extremely ten­ water fauna considered in the present study is its uous. Variations in the time of the reproductive large increase in total numbers of Foraminifera cycles of the species may give erroneous impres­ compared to that of the transitional fauna off the sions of their dominance. Adverse environmental coast of Washington and Oregon. This increase is conditions or extremely favorable conditions at the gradual but is most striking at station 3 where the time of sampling can strongly bias our conclusions. population is approximately seven times that ob­ The patchy distribution of the Foraminifera may served at station 2. Even the smallest population, add to our confusion. In the previous study (Smith, that found at station 4, is considerably larger than 1963) , most species of planktonic Foraminifera ex- any of those found to the southeast. LONGITUDE (DEGREES W.J ISO' 150 ' 1400 130' 400 --- " '- - -- 34. 1--- 500 .... _- ... ---- .... ---, SOO 3.5 ----~· ~ .. 2 \ , 700 .... _....... ... - - -34.3_ BOO ---3 -- -- -- ..... ..... (f) 900 ..... a:: w 1000 -- I- W TEMPERATURE ·C SALINITY "10. ~ ~ 0 J: 1.5 '-1.0~ I- a.. 100 7.0 S.O W Cl 200 l­ 1.0 300 I­ 400 I- 500 SOO l' 700 BOO - 900 1000 TEXT FIGURES 2 - 5 Temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and inorganic phosphate concentrations in vertical sections at 52 ' N Lat. and extending from 130' to 160' W Long. 134 S:l\UTH-PLANKTONIC lo"ORAMIN IFERA FROM THE NORTH PACIFIC TABLE I.-Number of Specimens Collected at Each Station Station Species 2 3 4 5 6 7 G lobigerina bulloides 40 1203 3198 375 2068 1882 837 Globigerina quinqueloba 18 658 198 76 273 229 44 "Globigerina pachyderma-eggeri" 15 298 401 162 427 195 151 Globigerina pachyderma 10 30 19 7 26 16 19 Globigerina bradyi 0 47 106 36 37 15 24 Globigerina eggeri 0 7 18 7 22 11 3 Globigerinita glutinata 0 44 156 64 93 30 48 Orbulina universa 0 36 2 0 0 0 0 Globorotalia scitula 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 Totals include Juve niles 9 1 2384 4246 805 3108 2536 1651 and broken specimens x x x x x not listed above 4 4 4 4 4 TABLE 2.-Percentage of Left Coiling resent temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and in Globigerina pachyderma inorganic phosphate concentrations in vertical sec­ tions at 52' N La!. and extending from 130' to Station Percent 160' W Long. It can be seen that the horizontal 1 100 composition of the water is quite uniform, as is the 2 67 composition of the Foraminifera population. No 3 95 explanation for the northern limits of the distribu­ 4 86 tion of Orbulina universa and Globorotalia sCitula 5 96 can be offered on the basis of these data.
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