DOCSLIB.ORG

Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Systematics And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 8-27-2010 Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Systematics And Paleoenvironments of The vonA Park Formation and Ocala Limestone, Highlands County, Florida Jacqueline Bowen Powell Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI10120306 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Bowen Powell, Jacqueline, "Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Systematics And Paleoenvironments of The vA on Park Formation and Ocala Limestone, Highlands County, Florida" (2010). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 288. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/288 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida LARGER FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, SYSTEMATICS AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF THE AVON PARK FORMATION AND OCALA LIMESTONE, HIGHLANDS COUNTY, FLORIDA A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in GEOSCIENCES by Jacqueline Bowen Powell 2010 To: Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Jacqueline Bowen Powell, and entitled Larger Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Systematics and Paleoenvironments of the Avon Park Formation and Ocala Limestone, Highlands County, Florida, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ____________________________________ Timothy Collins ____________________________________ Grenville Draper ____________________________________ Kevin Cunningham ____________________________________ Florentin Maurrasse ____________________________________ Edward Robinson ____________________________________ Laurel Collins, Major Professor Date of Defense: August 27, 2010 The dissertation of Jacqueline Bowen Powell is approved. ____________________________________ Dean Kenneth Furton College of Arts and Sciences ____________________________________ Interim Dean Kevin O’Shea University Graduate School Florida International University, 2010 ii © Copyright 2010 by Jacqueline Bowen Powell All rights reserved. iii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to my parents and family. Their patience and support made it possible to complete this work. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my committee for their support and patience. Dr. Kevin Cunningham was instrumental in helping us obtain the material for this study. Professor Edward Robinson’s help was invaluable, and his expertise on larger foraminifera helped immensely, especially towards the end of the journey. Dr. Maurrasse, Dr. Draper and Dr. T. Collins were helpful in reviewing the manuscript and providing useful pointers. Roger Portell was nice enough to identify the echinoids from the Avon Park Formation. Jonathan Bryan provided expert knowledge on the Avon Park Formation and Ocala Limestone in the form of advice and offprints. Mark Jiang identified the calcareous nannofossils present in the Ocala Limestone. Ozlem G. Orhun’s sample preparation and moral support were greatly appreciated. To all those who encouraged me to continue, thank you. Last and but not least I would like to thank my major professor Dr. Laurel Collins for her unwavering presence and guidance that kept me going; I could not have finished this work without out her dedication. v ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION LARGER FORAMINIFERAL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, SYSTEMATICS AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF THE AVON PARK FORMATION AND OCALA LIMESTONE, HIGHLANDS COUNTY, FLORIDA by Jacqueline Bowen Powell Florida International University, 2010 Miami, Florida Professor Laurel Collins, Major Professor This study investigates the use of larger foraminifera in determining the biostratigraphy of the Avon Park Formation and the Ocala Limestone in central Florida. Sedimentary rocks of the Avon Park Formation are the oldest exposed deposits in the state of Florida, and together with the Ocala Limestone comprise a part of the confining unit of the Floridan Aquifer, a major source of Florida’s water supply. Material from the ROMP 29A core collected by the U. S. Geological Survey was evaluated and compared to previous studies of the biostratigraphy of the formations. The larger foraminifera of the Avon Park Formation were examined in thin section, and those of the Ocala Limestone were free specimens. The larger foraminifera from both units were described and identified, and the biostratigraphy determined. The morphological features of the larger foraminifera of the Ocala Limestone were measured and analyzed at various depths within the ROMP 29A core. vi The Avon Park Formation contains predominantly the shallow-water, conical foraminifera Fallotella cookei, Fallotella floridana, Pseudochrysalidina floridana, Coleiconus christianaensis, Coleiconus sp. A, Coskinolina sp. A, Coskinolina sp. B, Fallotella sp. A, Fallotella sp. B, Fabularia vaughani and larger miliolids. The Ocala Limestone contains a different, deeper water assemblage that included the larger foraminifera Heterostegina ocalana, Lepidocyclina ocalana varieties, Lepidocyclina chaperi, Lepidocyclina pustulosa, Nummulites willcoxi, Nummulites striatoreticulatus, Nummulites floridensis and Pseudophragmina spp. A, B, and C. The age of the Avon Park Formation was corroborated by the occurrence of the biomarker echinoid Neolaganum dalli as Eocene, and the Ocala Limestone also contained Eocene larger foraminifera with Eocene to possibly Oligocene calcareous nannofossils. The distribution of the larger foraminifera of the Avon Park Formation was correlated with the subtidal and peritidal zones of the continental shelf. Analyses of variance showed that the changes in measurements of the morphology in Heterostegina ocalana, Lepidocyclina spp. and Nummulites spp. were correlated with change in the depositional environments. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Location of Study Area ............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Regional Geologic Setting ........................................................................................ 3 1.4 Lithostratigraphy ....................................................................................................... 4 1.4.1 Lithology of the Cedar Keys Formation ................................................................... 4 1.4.2 Lithology of the Oldsmar Formation ........................................................................ 4 1.4.3 Lithology of the Avon Park Formation ..................................................................... 5 1.4.4 Lithology of the Ocala Limestone ............................................................................ 6 1.4.5 Lithology of the Suwannee Limestone ..................................................................... 7 1.5 Introduction to Larger Foraminifera ......................................................................... 8 1.6 Content of Dissertation Chapters 2 - 5 ...................................................................... 9 2 LARGER FORAMINIFERAL TAXONOMY AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE AVON PARK FORMATION, CENTRAL FLORIDA ........................... 14 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 14 2.2 Historical Review of Lithology and Age of the Avon Park Formation .................. 15 2.3 Review of Morphological Terms Used to Describe Larger Foraminifera of the Avon Park Formation ....................................................................................... 18 2.4 Methods................................................................................................................... 20 2.4.1 Sampling Methods .................................................................................................. 20 2.4.2 Specimen Preparation and Identification ................................................................ 21 2.5 Results ..................................................................................................................... 22 2.5.1 Systematic Paleontology ......................................................................................... 22 2.6 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 35 2.6.1 Biostratigraphy of the Avon Park Formation in the ROMP 29A Core ................... 35 2.6.2 Paleogeography in the Avon Park Formation ......................................................... 38 2.6.3 The Occurrence of Larger Foraminifera in Paleoenvironments of the Avon Park Formation ....................................................................................................... 39 2.7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................. 41 viii 3 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND LARGER FORAMINIFERAL SYSTEMATICS
Recommended publications
  • State of Florida Department Of

    State of Florida Department Of

    STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Herschel T. Vinyard Jr., Secretary REGULATORY PROGRAMS Jeff Littlejohn, Deputy Secretary FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Jonathan D. Arthur, State Geologist and Director OPEN-FILE REPORT 97 Text to accompany geologic map of the western portion of the USGS Inverness 30 x 60 minute quadrangle, central Florida By Christopher P. Williams and Richard C. Green 2012 ISSN (1058-1391) This geologic map was funded in part by the USGS National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program under assistance award number G11AC20418 in Federal fiscal year 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 3 Previous Work ................................................................................................................................ 5 GEOLOGIC SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 5 Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Geomorphology ...........................................................................................................................
  • Exhibit Specimen List FLORIDA SUBMERGED the Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene (145 to 34 Million Years Ago) PARADISE ISLAND

    Exhibit Specimen List FLORIDA SUBMERGED the Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene (145 to 34 Million Years Ago) PARADISE ISLAND

    Exhibit Specimen List FLORIDA SUBMERGED The Cretaceous, Paleocene, and Eocene (145 to 34 million years ago) FLORIDA FORMATIONS Avon Park Formation, Dolostone from Eocene time; Citrus County, Florida; with echinoid sand dollar fossil (Periarchus lyelli); specimen from Florida Geological Survey Avon Park Formation, Limestone from Eocene time; Citrus County, Florida; with organic layers containing seagrass remains from formation in shallow marine environment; specimen from Florida Geological Survey Ocala Limestone (Upper), Limestone from Eocene time; Jackson County, Florida; with foraminifera; specimen from Florida Geological Survey Ocala Limestone (Lower), Limestone from Eocene time; Citrus County, Florida; specimens from Tanner Collection OTHER Anhydrite, Evaporite from early Cenozoic time; Unknown location, Florida; from subsurface core, showing evaporite sequence, older than Avon Park Formation; specimen from Florida Geological Survey FOSSILS Tethyan Gastropod Fossil, (Velates floridanus); In Ocala Limestone from Eocene time; Barge Canal spoil island, Levy County, Florida; specimen from Tanner Collection Echinoid Sea Biscuit Fossils, (Eupatagus antillarum); In Ocala Limestone from Eocene time; Barge Canal spoil island, Levy County, Florida; specimens from Tanner Collection Echinoid Sea Biscuit Fossils, (Eupatagus antillarum); In Ocala Limestone from Eocene time; Mouth of Withlacoochee River, Levy County, Florida; specimens from John Sacha Collection PARADISE ISLAND The Oligocene (34 to 23 million years ago) FLORIDA FORMATIONS Suwannee
  • Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

    Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida

    Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida Southwest Florida Water Management District Geohydrologic Data Section Revised March 2019 Cover Photo: Permanent monitor wells at the Lake Amoret well site in Polk County, Florida. In order from left to right: SURF AQ MONI- TOR, U FLDN AQ MONITOR. Photograph by Julia Zydek Well Construction at the Lake Amoret Well Site in Polk County, Florida By Julia Zydek Revised March 2018 Southwest Florida Water Management District Geohydrologic Data Section Southwest Florida Water Management District Operations, Lands and Resource Monitoring Division Ken Frink, P.E., Director Data Collection Bureau Sandie Will, P.G., Chief Geohydrologic Data Section M. Ted Gates, P.G., C.P.G., Manager Southwest Florida Water Management District 2379 Broad Street Brooksville, FL 34604-6899 For ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.watermatters.org/documents Telephone: 1-800-423-1476 For more information on the Southwest Florida Water Management District and its mission to manage and protect water and related resources: World Wide Web: http://www.watermatters.org Telephone: 1-800-423-1476 The Southwest Florida Water Management District (District) does not discriminate on the basis of disability. This nondiscrimination policy involves every aspect of the District’s functions, includ- ing access to and participation in the District’s programs and activities. Anyone requiring reason- able accommodation as provided for in the Americans with Disabilities Act should contact the District’s Human Resources Office Chief, 2379 Broad St., Brooksville, FL 34604-6899; telephone (352) 796-7211 or 1-800-423-1476 (FL only), ext.
  • The Favorability of Florida's Geology to Sinkhole

    The Favorability of Florida's Geology to Sinkhole

    Appendix H: Sinkhole Report 2018 State Hazard Mitigation Plan _______________________________________________________________________________________ APPENDIX H: Sinkhole Report _______________________________________________________________________________________ Florida Division of Emergency Management THE FAVORABILITY OF FLORIDA’S GEOLOGY TO SINKHOLE FORMATION Prepared For: The Florida Division of Emergency Management, Mitigation Section Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Geological Survey 3000 Commonwealth Boulevard, Suite 1, Tallahassee, Florida 32303 June 2017 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 4 Background ................................................................................................................................. 5 Subsidence Incident Report Database ..................................................................................... 6 Purpose and Scope ...................................................................................................................... 7 Sinkhole Development ................................................................................................................ 7 Subsidence Sinkhole Formation .............................................................................................. 8 Collapse Sinkhole
  • Miocene Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Suwannee River Basin of North Florida and South Georgia

    Miocene Paleontology and Stratigraphy of the Suwannee River Basin of North Florida and South Georgia

    MIOCENE PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN OF NORTH FLORIDA AND SOUTH GEORGIA SOUTHEASTERN GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Guidebook Number 30 October 7, 1989 MIOCENE PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SUWANNEE RIVER BASIN OF NORTH FLORIDA AND SOUTH GEORGIA Compiled and edit e d by GARY S . MORGAN GUIDEBOOK NUMBER 30 A Guidebook for the Annual Field Trip of the Southeastern Geological Society October 7, 1989 Published by the Southeastern Geological Society P. 0 . Box 1634 Tallahassee, Florida 32303 TABLE OF CONTENTS Map of field trip area ...... ... ................................... 1 Road log . ....................................... ..... ..... ... .... 2 Preface . .................. ....................................... 4 The lithostratigraphy of the sediments exposed along the Suwannee River in the vicinity of White Springs by Thomas M. scott ........................................... 6 Fossil invertebrates from the banks of the Suwannee River at White Springs, Florida by Roger W. Portell ...... ......................... ......... 14 Miocene vertebrate faunas from the Suwannee River Basin of North Florida and South Georgia by Gary s. Morgan .................................. ........ 2 6 Fossil sirenians from the Suwannee River, Florida and Georgia by Daryl P. Damning . .................................... .... 54 1 HAMIL TON CO. MAP OF FIELD TRIP AREA 2 ROAD LOG Total Mileage from Reference Points Mileage Last Point 0.0 0.0 Begin at Holiday Inn, Lake City, intersection of I-75 and US 90. 7.3 7.3 Pass under I-10. 12 . 6 5.3 Turn right (east) on SR 136. 15.8 3 . 2 SR 136 Bridge over Suwannee River. 16.0 0.2 Turn left (west) on us 41. 19 . 5 3 . 5 Turn right (northeast) on CR 137. 23.1 3.6 On right-main office of Occidental Chemical Corporation.
  • African Origins 200 Million Years of Calcium Carbonate Deposition

    African Origins 200 Million Years of Calcium Carbonate Deposition

    The Florida We are all So Familiar With is a relatively new phenomenon, geologically speaking. This distinctive peninsula of land we live on, and the gently sloping, sandy shorelines we’re drawn to for recreation and renewal, have not always existed as they appear today. In fact, Florida was a very different-looking place not so long ago, and over the past 500 million years it has had quite a unique and surprising geological history. African Origins Believe it or not, the deep bedrock that underlies Florida was originally a part of Africa. Florida’s oldest Scott, Means) rocks formed about 500 million years ago on the “megacontinent” Gondwana. They were wedged between other masses of rock that would eventually separate—through the activity of plate tectonics—into (Kosche, Bryan,(Kosche, the modern continents of Africa and South America. About 250 million years ago, Gondwana (containing the geologic beginnings of Florida) collided with another megacontinent called Laurasia (which contained the rest of future North America). The result was the supercontinent Pangea. When Pangea eventually broke up, about 230 million years ago, that special wedge of African bedrock that would be Florida, rifted apart from its tectonic plate of origin, and remained sutured instead to what we’ve come to know as the continent of North America. 200 Million Years of Calcium Carbonate Deposition It is upon these very old, African-born igneous and metamorphic basement rocks that the sedimentary rocks of the Florida Platform would start to accumulate. Thick layers of carbonate rock—predominantly limestones and dolostones composed of the mineral calcium carbonate— built up over the next 200 million years to create Florida’s flat-topped, “carbonate platform” structure.
  • Chapter 3. Origin and Evolution of Tampa Bay 37

    Chapter 3. Origin and Evolution of Tampa Bay 37

    Chapter 3. Origin and Evolution of Tampa Bay 37 Chapter 3. Origin and Evolution of Tampa Bay By Gerold Morrison (AMEC-BCI) and Kimberly K. Yates (U.S. Geological Survey–St. Petersburg, Florida) TAMPA BAY HAS AN UNUSUAL geologic history when compared to many other estuaries in the eastern U.S. (Brooks and Doyle, 1998; Hine and others, 2009). It lies near the center of the carbonate Florida Platform (fig. 3–1), and is associated with a buried “shelf valley system” (including a paleo-channel feature located beneath the modern Egmont Channel) that formed in the early Miocene, about 20 million years ago (Ma) (Hine, 1997; Donahue and others, 2003; Duncan and others, 2003). Since that time the area has been subject to substantial fluctuations in sea level and alternating periods of sediment deposition and removal. These events have produced a complex distribution of siliciclastic and carbonate-based sediments within the bay, its associated barrier islands, and the inner Florida shelf (Brooks and Doyle, 1998; Brooks and others, 2003; Duncan and others, 2003; Ferguson and Davis, 2003). Sinkholes and other karst features in the underlying carbonate strata, which are common throughout the west-central Florida region, have been important factors underlying the development of both Tampa Bay (Brooks and Doyle, 1998; Donahue and others, 2003) and Charlotte Harbor, a geologically similar estuary located about 100 mi to the south (Hine and others, 2009). In the case of Tampa Bay, the underlying shelf valley system consists of multiple karst controlled subbasins (separated by bedrock highs) that have been filled by sediments, some of which were deposited fluvially (Hine and others, 2009).
  • Ginsburg IAS Volume

    Ginsburg IAS Volume

    05/02/2007/1420hrs Karst Subbasins and Their Relation to the Transport of Tertiary Siliciclastic Sediments on the Florida Platform Running Title: Karst Subbasins on the Florida Platform ALBERT C. HINE1, *BEAU SUTHARD1, STANLEY D. LOCKER1, KEVIN J. CUNNINGHAM2, DAVID S. DUNCAN3, MARK EVANS4, AND ROBERT A. MORTON5 1 College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, [email protected] 2 U.S. Geological Survey,3110 SW 9th Ave, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33315 3 Department of Marine Science, Eckerd College, 4200 54th Ave So., St. Petersburg, FL 33711 4 Division of Health Assessment and Consultation, NCEH/ATSDR, Mail Stop E-32, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30333 5 U.S. Geological Survey, 600 4th St. So., St. Petersburg, FL 33701 *Present Address Coastal Planning and Engineering 2481 NW Boca Raton Blvd Boca Raton, FL 33431 [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Multiple, spatially-restricted, partly-enclosed karst subbasins with as much as 100 m of relief occur on a mid-carbonate platform setting beneath the modern estuaries of Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor located along the west-central Florida coastline. A relatively high-amplitude seismic basement consists of the mostly carbonate, upper Oligocene to middle Miocene Arcadia Formation, which has been significantly deformed into folds, sags, warps and sinkholes. Presumably, this deformation was caused during a mid-to-late Miocene sea-level lowstand by deep-seated dissolution of carbonates, evaporates or both, resulting in collapse of the overlying stratigraphy, thus creating paleotopographic depressions. Seismic sequences containing prograding clinoforms filled approximately 90% of the accommodation space of these western Florida subbasins.
  • IC-25 Subsurface Geology of the Georgia Coastal Plain

    IC-25 Subsurface Geology of the Georgia Coastal Plain

    IC 25 GEORGIA STATE DIVISION OF CONSERVATION DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINING AND GEOLOGY GARLAND PEYTON, Director THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Information Circular 25 SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY OF THE GEORGIA COASTAL PLAIN by Stephen M. Herrick and Robert C. Vorhis United States Geological Survey ~ ......oi············· a./!.. z.., l:r '~~ ~= . ·>~ a··;·;;·;· .......... Prepared cooperatively by the Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. ATLANTA 1963 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .................................................. , . 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 Previous work . • • • • • • . • . • . • . • • . • . • • . • • • • . • . • . • 2 Mapping methods . • . • . • . • . • . • . • . • • . • • . • . • 7 Cooperation, administration, and acknowledgments . • . • . • . • • • • . • • • • . • 8 STRATIGRAPHY. 9 Quaternary and Tertiary Systems . • . • • . • • • . • . • . • . • . • . • • . • . • • . 10 Recent to Miocene Series . • . • • . • • • • • • . • . • • • . • . 10 Tertiary System . • • . • • • . • . • • • . • . • • . • . • . • . • • . 13 Oligocene Series • . • . • . • . • • • . • • . • • . • . • • . • . • • • . 13 Eocene Series • . • • • . • • • • . • . • • . • . • • • . • • • • . • . • . 18 Upper Eocene rocks . • • • . • . • • • . • . • • • . • • • • • . • . • . • 18 Middle Eocene rocks • . • • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • . • • • • . • • . • 25 Lower Eocene rocks . • . • • • • . • • • • • . • • . • . 32 Paleocene Series . • . • . • • . • • • . • • . • • • • . • . • . • • . • • . • . 36 Cretaceous System . • . • . • • . • . •
  • Tertiary Stratigraphy of South Carolina

    Tertiary Stratigraphy of South Carolina

    Tertiary Stratigraphy of South Carolina GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 243-B Tertiary Stratigraphy of South Carolina By C. WYTHE COOKE and F. STEARNS MAcNEIL SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY, 1952, PAGES 19-29 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 243-B A revised classification of Tertiary formations of the Coastal Plain, based mainly on new stratigraphic and paleontologic information UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1952 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary v GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price. 15 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract- ______ _____.. _________ 19 Paleocene (?) and Eocene series- -Continued Introduction ________._!________ 19 Deposits of Jackson age. 26 Paleocene (?) and Eocene series-. 19 Barnwell formation. _ _. 26 Deposits of Wilcox age _____ 20 Oligocene series______________ 27 Deposits of Claiborne age___ 21 Cooper marl._________ 27 Congaree formation____ 21 Miocene series_______________ 28 Warley Hill marl ______ 23 Hawthorn formation. _. 28 Me Bean formation___ 23 Santee limestone_____ 24 References. ____________l_-___. 28 Castle Hayne limestone- 25 ILLUSTRATION Figure 2. Correlation of Tertiary formations of South Carolina. 20 in 99308T—52 TERTIARY STRATIGRAPHY OF SOUTH CAROLINA By C. WYTHE COOKE AND F. STEARNS ABSTRACT bridges have been built, and places formerly inacces­ The following changes in the current classification of the sible are now within easy reach. The spoil bank of Tertiary formations of South Carolina are proposed: The Black the Santee-Cooper Diversion Canal, cut about 1940, Mingo formation, mainly of Wilcox age, may include some Paleo- has brought to the surface an abundance of fossils of cene deposits.
  • Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge Draft Visitor Services Plan and Environmental Assessment

    Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge Draft Visitor Services Plan and Environmental Assessment

    Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge Draft Visitor Services Plan and Environmental Assessment __________________________________________________________ Project Leader / Refuge Manager Date __________________________________________________________ Refuge Supervisor Date _________________________________________________________ Chief, Division of Visitor Services Date _________________________________________________________ Regional Chief, National Wildlife Refuge System Date Florida Panther NWR Draft Visitor Services Plan Page 1 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ 2 SECTION A. VISITOR SERVICES PLAN .................................................................................. 6 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 6 A. Refuge History, Purposes, and Resources .................................................................. 7 B. Visitor Services Program Purpose and Scope of Plan ................................................16 C. History of the Refuge Visitor Services Program ..........................................................17 D. Visitor Services Issues, Concerns, and Factors To Consider .....................................18 E. Themes, Messages, and Topics .................................................................................19 F. Visitor Facilities and Services .....................................................................................20
  • A Revision of the Lithostratigraphic Units of the Coastal Plain of Georgia

    A Revision of the Lithostratigraphic Units of the Coastal Plain of Georgia

    A Revision of the Lithostratigraphic Units of the Coastal Plain of Georgia THE OLIGOCENE Paul F. Huddleston DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION GEORGIA GEOLOGIC SURVEY I BULLETIN 105 Cover photo: Seventy feet of Bridgeboro Limestone exposed at the the type locality in the southern-most pit of the Bridgeboro Lime and Stone Company, 6.5 miles west-southwest of the community of Bridgeboro, south of Georgia 112, Mitchell County. A Revision of the Lithostratigraphic Units of the Coastal Plain of Georgia THE OLIGOCENE Paul F. Huddlestun ·Georgia Department of Natural Resources Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner Environmental Protection Division Harold F. Reheis, Director Georgia Geologic Survey William H. McLemore, State Geologist Atlanta 1993 BULLETIN 105 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1 ACKN"OWLEIJGMENTS ................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. :.............................. 2 Methods ........................................... ,...................................................................................................................